CN103528216B - Loop heat tube type solar water heater coated by heat absorption films and system thereof - Google Patents
Loop heat tube type solar water heater coated by heat absorption films and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103528216B CN103528216B CN201310499402.6A CN201310499402A CN103528216B CN 103528216 B CN103528216 B CN 103528216B CN 201310499402 A CN201310499402 A CN 201310499402A CN 103528216 B CN103528216 B CN 103528216B
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Abstract
The invention provides a loop heat tube type solar water heater which comprises a heat collector, a water tank and a loop heat tube. The evaporation end of the loop heat tube is arranged in the heat collector, the condensing end of the loop heat tube is positioned in the water tank, the heat collector comprises a glass vacuum heat collecting tube, the glass vacuum heat collecting tube comprises a glass base tube, and the outer surface of the glass base tube is covered by a heat absorption layer. The energy-saving loop heat tube type solar water heater improves thermal utilization capacity of solar energy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of solar energy, relate in particular to a kind of loop circuit heat pipe formula solar water heater and system thereof with absorbing film.
Background technology
Along with the high speed development of modern social economy, the mankind are increasing to the demand of the energy.But the traditional energy storage levels such as coal, oil, natural gas constantly reduce, day by day in short supply, cause rising steadily of price, the problem of environmental pollution that conventional fossil fuel causes is simultaneously also further serious, and these are all limiting the development of society and human life quality's raising greatly.Energy problem has become one of distinct issues of contemporary world.Thereby seek the new energy, particularly free of contamination clean energy resource and become the focus of present people research.Solar energy is a kind of inexhaustible clean energy resource, and stock number is huge, and the annual solar radiant energy total amount of receiving of earth surface is 1 × 1018kWh, is world's year more than 10,000 times of consumption gross energy.All important using the utilization of solar energy as new energy development of countries in the world, the Chinese government also clearly proposes to want develop actively new forms of energy at Report on the Work of the Government already, and wherein the utilization of solar energy is especially in occupation of prominent position.But because solar radiation arrives tellurian energy density little (approximately a kilowatt every square metre), and be again discontinuous, this brings certain difficulty to large-scale exploitation.Therefore, in order extensively to utilize solar energy, not only want the problem on technical solution, and must be able to compete mutually with conventional energy resource economically.The utilization of solar energy mainly contains photo-thermal conversion, photoelectric conversion, photochemistry and changes this three kinds of forms.Than photovoltaic industry and the sky high cost of photochemistry conversion and low energy conversion efficiency, it is that a kind of energy conversion efficiency and utilization rate solar energy high and with low cost, that can extensively promote in the whole society utilizes mode that solar heat transforms.In solar energy heat utilization device, key is will be by solar radiant energy energy transform into heat energy, and the device of realizing this conversion is called solar thermal collector.
No matter the solar thermal collector of which kind of form and structure, all will have an absorption piece that is used for absorbing solar radiation, and the heat-radiating properties of this parts sorbent surface plays an important role to the hot property of heat collector.The physical quantity that characterizes sorbent surface heat-radiating properties is absorptance and heat emission ratio, and the former characterizes the ability that absorbs solar radiant energy, and the latter characterizes the ability of launching radiant energy at self temperature.The former is higher, and the latter is lower, shows that endothermic effect is best.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of new loop circuit heat pipe formula solar water heater of high-absorbility, and a kind of loop circuit heat pipe formula solar water heater is especially provided, and improves the ability to work of solar energy.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of solar water heater of loop circuit heat pipe formula, comprise heat collector, water tank and loop circuit heat pipe, wherein the evaporation ends of loop circuit heat pipe is arranged in heat collector, and the condensation end of loop circuit heat pipe is arranged in water tank; Heat collector absorbs the heat of solar energy, the evaporation ends of heating loop circuit heat pipe, the working fluid of evaporation ends enters the condensation end of loop circuit heat pipe through circulation, carry out heat release at condensation end, water in heating water tank, working fluid recycles the evaporation ends that enters heat pipe and heats after condensation end heat release completes.
Heat collector arranges glass heat-collecting vacuum tube, glass heat-collecting vacuum tube comprises glass base tube, the outer surface of described glass base tube covers heat-sink shell, described heat-sink shell from inside to outside comprises infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating and antireflection coatings successively, and wherein the ratio of the thickness of infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating and antireflection coatings is 1:1.5:2; Described infrared reflection coating is Ag; Heat absorbing coating from inside to outside comprises tetra-layers of TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr successively, and wherein the thickness proportion of tetra-layers of TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr is 1:1.1:0.84:1.14; Antireflection coatings is from inside to outside AlN, TiO successively
2, Ta
2o
5, SiO
2layer, wherein AlN, TiO
2, Ta
2o
5, SiO
2the thickness proportion of layer is 0.9:1:0.75:1.
A kind of solar water heater system, comprises solar water heater and heat utilization device, and described solar water heater is mentioned above solar water heater.
Heat utilization device is the finned tubular radiator of circular arc enclosed construction, described radiator comprises the finned tube of upper header, lower collector pipe and connection upper header and lower collector pipe, described finned tube comprises circular base tube and the first fin, the second fin, the extended line that the first fin and the second fin are arranged on outside and the first fin and second fin of base tube intersects at the central axis of the base tube at the place, the center of circle of base tube, and the first fin and the second fin are along by the first level crossing picture symmetry of base tube central axis; Described finned tube comprises the 3rd fin and the 4th fin, described the 3rd fin, the 4th fin along the second plane respectively with the first fin and the second fin mirror image symmetry, described the second plane is vertical with the first plane and through the central axis of base tube; Between described the first fin and the second fin, the first brace is set, between described the 3rd fin and the 4th fin, the second brace is set, the first brace and the second brace are circular arc type metallic plate; The 3rd fin of the first fin, the second fin and adjacent fins pipe and the 4th fin form space; The central axis at place, the center of circle of described circular arc-shaped metal plate and the central axes of base tube; Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube is parallel to each other; The first fin of adjacent base tube is parallel to each other;
Angle between described the first fin and the second fin is A, the length of the first fin and the second fin is L, the outer radius of base tube is R, the fin height H along base tube on axially, and above-mentioned four relation meets following formula: Sin (A/2)=a* (L/R)
2+ b* (L/R)+c
H/ (R*10)=e*Sin (A/2)
2wherein, A unit is angle to-f*Sin (A/2)+h, 60 ° of <A<110 °,
L is of a size of mm, 12mm<L<80mm,
The unit of R is mm, 10mm<R<80mm,
The unit of H is mm, 800mm<R<1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f, h are coefficient, and the scope of a is 0.04-0.042, and the scope of b is 0.266-0.28, and the scope of c is 0.36-0.37, and the scope of e is 21-23, and the scope of f is 44-45, and h is 23-25.
Another preferred embodiment, heat utilization device is the finned tubular radiator of linear pattern enclosed construction, described radiator comprises the finned tube of upper header, lower collector pipe and connection upper header and lower collector pipe, described finned tube comprises circular base tube and the first fin, the second fin, the extended line that the first fin and the second fin are arranged on outside and the first fin and second fin of base tube intersects at the central axis of the base tube at the place, the center of circle of base tube, and the first fin and the second fin are along the first level crossing picture symmetry of the central axis by base tube; Described finned tube comprises the 3rd fin and the 4th fin, described the 3rd fin, the 4th fin along the second plane respectively with the first fin and the second fin mirror image symmetry, described the second plane is vertical with the first plane and through the central axis of base tube; Between described the first fin and the second fin, the first brace is set, between described the 3rd fin and the 4th fin, the second brace is set, the first brace and the second brace are linear pattern metallic plate; The 3rd fin of the first fin, the second fin and adjacent fins pipe and the 4th fin form space; Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube is parallel to each other;
Angle between described the first fin and the second fin is A, and the length of the first fin and the second fin is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, the fin height H along base tube on axially, and above-mentioned four relation meets following formula:
Sin(A/2)=a×(L/R)
2+b×(L/R)+c
H/R=10×e×(Sin(A/2))
f
Wherein, A unit is angle, 60 ° of <A<110 °,
L is of a size of mm, 15mm<L<80mm,
The unit of R is mm, 10mm<R<80mm,
The unit of H is mm, 600mm<H<1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f are coefficient, and the scope of a is 0.038-0.04, and the scope of b is 0.26-0.27, and the scope of c is 0.34-0.35, and the scope of e is 0.72-0.78, and the scope of f is between-3.6 to-3.5.
Described heat utilization device is for providing the hot water output equipment of hot water to user, described hot water output equipment comprises heat exchanger, and described heat exchanger connects running water, enters in heat exchanger from the hot water of solar water heater, carries out heat exchange with running water;
Described hot water output equipment also comprises electrically heated rod, and when the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is during lower than the first temperature, electrically heated rod starts heating, and heats with the first power; When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is when than low the second temperature of the first temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the second power higher than the first power; When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is when than low the 3rd temperature of the second temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 3rd power higher than the second power; When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is when than low the 4th temperature of the 3rd temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 4th power higher than the 3rd power; When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is when than low the 5th temperature of the 4th temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 5th power higher than the 4th power.
In described system, also comprise electrical auxiliary heater and/or auxiliary heat homogeneous solution-type reactor, electric heating system and hot water boiler system start automatically according to the temperature of the water that enters electric heater and hot-water boiler, and hot water is heated.
Described all have when two or more when heat utilization device and assisted heating device, and each heat utilization device parallel connection, is connected on different pipelines separately, and each assisted heating device is connected with a heat utilization device respectively.
Described system comprises electric heater, hot-water boiler, described heat utilization equipment is respectively radiator and hot water output equipment, described electric heater and hot water output equipment are arranged on a pipeline, and radiator and hot-water boiler are arranged on another pipeline, and described two pipelines are for being arranged in parallel.
Described heat utilization equipment is arranged on the pipeline of solar water heater system and is arranged in parallel, wherein with on the inlet pipeline of the heat utilization equipment of the pipeline connection of solar water heater system and outlet pipeline valve is all set, on the pipeline of the solar water heater system in parallel with heat utilization equipment between inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline, valve is set.
Compared with prior art, solar water appliance of the present invention has following advantage:
1) solar water appliance provided by the invention has anticorrosive coat and heat-sink shell, can reduce the corrosion to base tube, can strengthen the absorption to solar energy simultaneously.
2) material and the thickness of the present invention to heat-sink shell carries out meticulous selection and experiment, has reached the technique effect of best heat absorption.
3) the invention provides the closed finned tube radiator of board-type and two kinds of structures of circular arc, pass through test of many times, having designed the fin of different tube diameters, differing heights, angle tests, thereby obtain an optimum fin optimum results, and verify by test, thereby proved the accuracy of result.
4) by the electrically heated rod of thermal output equipment is set, automatically control the temperature of heat utilization device.
5) electrical auxiliary heater and/or auxiliary heat homogeneous solution-type reactor, can play auxiliary heating effect, and by automatically controlling the startup of auxiliary heating system, save the energy.
6), by being connected in parallel of electric heater, hot-water boiler and heat utilization device, can realize the independent heat utilization device of controlling.
7) heat utilization equipment is arranged on the pipeline of solar water heater system and is arranged in parallel, and can realize and in needs, be communicated with heat utilization equipment, closes heat utilization equipment, to save the energy unwanted time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of loop solar water heater of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the solar energy system schematic diagram of cascaded structure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the solar energy system schematic diagram of parallel-connection structure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the heat utilization device of the present invention solar energy system schematic diagram in parallel with pipeline;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of anticorrosive coat of the present invention and heat-sink shell;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of heat utilization device radiator;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the finned tube embodiment mono-of heat utilization device radiator;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the finned tube embodiment bis-of heat utilization device radiator;
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of control system;
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram that Fig. 7 sees from left side;
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram that Fig. 8 sees from left side;
Figure 12 is an embodiment of heat pipe evaporation ends;
Figure 13 is an embodiment of loop circuit heat pipe solar water heater.。
Reference numeral is as follows:
1 upper header, in 2 base tubes, there is no the part of fin, 3 lower collector pipe, 4 finned tubes, 5 base tubes, 6 water the first fins, 7 gaps, 8 first braces, 9 second fins, 10 the 4th fins, 11 the 3rd fins, 12 second braces, 13 central controllers, 14 solar energy system water-supply-pipes, 15 temperature sensors, 16 temperature sensors, 17 radiators, 18 solar water heater water tanks, 19 electric heaters, 20 boilers, 21 hot water output equipments, 22 radiators, 23 pumps, 24 valves, 25 base tubes, 26 infrared reflection coatings, 27 heat absorbing coatings, 28 antireflection coatings, 29 heat collectors, 30 loop circuit heat pipes, 31 thermal-collecting tubes, 32 condensation ends, 33 evaporation ends
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 has shown a kind of solar water heater of loop circuit heat pipe formula, and wherein the evaporation ends of loop circuit heat pipe 30 is arranged in heat collector 29, and the condensation end of loop circuit heat pipe 30 is arranged in solar water heater water tank 18.Heat collector 29 absorbs the heat of solar energy, the evaporation ends of heating loop circuit heat pipe 30, and the working fluid of evaporation ends enters the condensation end of loop circuit heat pipe through circulation, carry out heat release, the water in heating water tank 18 at condensation end.The evaporation ends that recirculation enters heat pipe after condensation end heat release completes heats.
Heat collector in described Fig. 1 is schematic.The various structures it may occur to persons skilled in the art that, comprising having multiple thermal-collecting tubes 31, and the evaporation ends of loop circuit heat pipe is divided into many pipes, passes through respectively multiple thermal-collecting tubes 31, as shown in figure 12.Also can arrange and only have a thermal-collecting tube, as shown in figure 13.Also can comprise single tank, multiple thermal-collecting tubes heat the water in tanks, are then heated the evaporation ends of heat exchange heat pipe by water again.
Described thermal-collecting tube 31 is glass heat-collecting vacuum tube, and glass heat-collecting vacuum tube comprises that glass base tube 25(is referring to Fig. 5), the outer surface coating heat-sink shell of described glass base tube.
A kind of solar water heater system as in Figure 2-4, comprises solar water heater (only having shown the water tank 18 in Fig. 1 in Fig. 2-4) and heat utilization device 21 and 22.
As shown in Figure 2, the water in solar water heater water tank is through loop circuit heat pipe heating, and by assisted heating device, heat utilization device 21, heat utilization device 22, then backwater is circulated again into solar water heater 18 under the effect of pump 23, carries out new heating successively.
Preferably, assisted heating device can be electric heater 19, hot-water boiler 20, the Main Function of electric heater and hot-water boiler is the effect of playing auxiliary heating, for example, ought utilize the water of solar energy heating not reach predetermined temperature, and this is to start electric heater and/or hot-water boiler.
Certainly, although Fig. 2 has shown two kinds of heat utilization device, be actually not limited to two kinds, also can 3 kinds or more than, one can certainly be only set.Assisted heating device can only arrange one equally, for example, electric heater or hot-water boiler are only set.
Fig. 3 has shown the schematic diagram of heat utilization device 21 and 22 parallel-connection structures.Wherein electric heater 19 is arranged on a pipeline with heat utilization device 21, electric heater 19 enters the water of heat utilization device 21 for auxiliary heating, and hot-water boiler and heat utilization device 22 are arranged on another pipeline, two pipelines of described this are arranged in parallel, and two ends connect respectively hot water outlet and the pump 23 of solar water heater water tank.
Certain above-mentioned setting is also exemplary, those skilled in the art can select to increase many pipelines in parallel, on every pipeline, heat utilization device is set, make to be arranged in parallel mutually between heat utilization device, simultaneously for additional heating device, for example hot-water boiler and electric heater, for a person skilled in the art, can select as required whether to need to arrange, or only select to arrange one.
The hydraulic pipeline of having shown heat utilization device and solar energy system in Fig. 4 is arranged in parallel.Wherein with on the inlet pipeline of the heat utilization equipment of the pipeline connection of solar water heater system and outlet pipeline valve 24 is all set, on the pipeline of the solar water heater system in parallel with heat utilization equipment between inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline, valve 24 is set.By valve is set, can make in not needing to use heat utilization equipment, by open the valve on the pipeline of solar water heater system and close the inlet pipeline of heat utilization equipment and outlet pipeline on the water that valve comes on control piper be all set do not carry out heat exchange with heat utilization equipment.
Certainly, be not only heat utilization equipment, additional firing equipment is also arranged in parallel with the hydraulic pipeline of solar energy system, wherein with on the inlet pipeline of the additional firing equipment of the pipeline connection of solar water heater system and outlet pipeline valve is all set, on the pipeline of the solar water heater system in parallel with additional firing equipment between inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline, valve is set.By valve is set, can make in not needing to use additional firing equipment, can by open the valve on the pipeline of solar water heater system and close the inlet pipeline of additional firing equipment and outlet pipeline on valve be all set carry out water on control piper without additional firing equipment.
Although having provided the hydraulic pipeline of all heat utilization equipment, additional firing equipment and solar energy system in Fig. 4 is arranged in parallel, but be not limited to above-mentioned equipment, to those skilled in the art, can only select the hydraulic pipeline of one or more and solar energy system to be arranged in parallel.The hydraulic pipeline that for example can enter to arrange wherein one or two heat utilization equipment and solar energy system is arranged in parallel, and the hydraulic pipeline that one or two additional firing equipments and solar energy system also can be only set is arranged in parallel.
Although be all provided with electric heater 19, hot-water boiler 20 in Fig. 2-4, to those skilled in the art, solar water heater system can optionally arrange above-mentioned parts, for example, electric heater or hot-water boiler can be only set, and also can select neither to arrange.
Preferably, described heat-sink shell from inside to outside comprises infrared reflection coating 26, heat absorbing coating 27 and antireflection coatings 28 successively, and wherein the ratio of the thickness of infrared reflection coating 26, heat absorbing coating 27 and antireflection coatings 28 is 1:1.5:2; Described infrared reflection coating is Ag; Heat absorbing coating from inside to outside comprises tetra-layers of TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr successively, and wherein the thickness proportion of tetra-layers of TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr is 1:1.1:0.84:1.14; Antireflection coatings is from inside to outside AlN, TiO successively
2, Ta
2o
5, SiO
2layer, wherein AlN, TiO
2, Ta
2o
5, SiO
2the thickness proportion of layer is 0.9:1:0.75:1.
Preferably, the gross thickness of heat-sink shell is 1.8 μ m.
Above-mentioned dimension scale is the best result getting by nearly hundred kinds of different thickness proportion.By experiment, for the composition and the thickness that adopt each independent stratum in above-mentioned absorber coatings, can make the absorptance of the absorber coatings of preparation be greater than 0.94, and realize 0.04 emissivity.
For the manufacture method of above-mentioned coating, the vacuum magnetron sputtering coating film technique preparation that can use this area often to adopt.
For heat utilization device, can comprise radiator and hot water output equipment, for radiator, mainly contain two specific embodiments, embodiment 1 is circular arc closed finned tube radiator, as shown in Figure 6,7, embodiment 2 is board-type closed finned tube radiators, as shown in Fig. 6,8.
The structure of embodiment 1 is as follows:
A kind of finned tubular radiator 17 of enclosed construction, comprise upper header 1, lower collector pipe 3 and be connected upper header 1 and the finned tube 4 of lower collector pipe 3, described finned tube 4 comprises circular base tube 5 and the first fin 6, the second fin 9, the extended line that the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 are arranged on outside and the first fin 6 and second fin 9 of base tube 5 intersects at the central axis of the base tube at the place, the center of circle of base tube 5, and the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 are along by the first plane B mirror image symmetry of base tube central axis; Described finned tube comprises the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10, described the 3rd fin 11, the 4th fin 10 along the second plane C respectively with the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 mirror image symmetries, described the second plane C is vertical with the first plane B and through the central axis of base tube 5; Between described the first fin 6 and the second fin 9, the first brace 8 is set, it is circular arc type metallic plate that the second brace 12, the first braces 8 and the second brace 12 are set between described the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10; The central axes of the central axis of described circular arc-shaped metal plate and base tube 5; Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube is parallel to each other.
Preferably, the first fin of adjacent base tube is parallel to each other, represents that the second fin of adjacent base tube is also parallel to each other, and in like manner, the 3rd fin, the 4th fin are also parallel to each other.This feature shows that finned tube arranges according to equidirectional.
It should be explained that, as shown in Figure 6, the central axis of base tube is exactly the line that the set of the centre point on the cross section of base tube 5 forms, and the central axis of circular arc-shaped metal plate is exactly the line that the set of the centre point of circular arc-shaped metal plate on cross section forms.The central axes of the central axis of described circular arc-shaped metal plate and base tube 5 just refers to that, on cross section, circular arc-shaped metal plate and base tube are concentric circles.
Preferably, the size of all finned tubes is all identical.
By above-mentioned setting, make to form a gap 7 between fin and brace, in heat convection, gap 7 has just formed a kind of chimney effect, can strengthen heat exchange.
The 3rd fin of the first fin, the second fin and adjacent fins pipe and the 4th fin form space, and this space forms certain space, can form chimney effect, adds strong convection, augmentation of heat transfer.
Angle between described the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 is A, and the length of the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and certainly, because mirror image symmetry, the length of the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10 is also L naturally.But find in practice, if in heat transfer process. fin angle is too small, can hinder heat exchange, because the words that fin angle is too small, cause the first fin, the distance of the second fin is too near, temperature boundary layer starts in the direction along with base tube height to overlap in closed area, gas temperature approaches tube wall temperature and moves closer to hot saturated, flow resistance increases, finally worsen on the contrary heat exchange, the advantage of outer fin is brought into play not out, same reason, along with the constantly increase of angle, make brace originally nearer apart from the distance of base tube, make equally temperature boundary layer in closed area, in the direction along with base tube height, start to overlap, gas temperature approaches tube wall temperature and moves closer to hot saturated, flow resistance increases, finally worsen on the contrary heat exchange, therefore angle has an optimum value.
For finned length, if oversize, even because the heat of base tube could arrive in time the end of fin or be effective also not obvious, if too short, expand heat exchange area too little, cannot reach a good heat transfer effect, therefore the height of fin also has an optimum value.
For the distance between two finned tubes, if first distance is too near or completely close, between the brace of two finned tubes, the space of distance (referring to Fig. 6) is too little, air cannot enter the space forming between finned tube by the gap between fin, heat exchange now can only rely on from radiator bottom and enter air, cannot reach good heat convection effect, same reason, if the distance is too far, the the one the second the 3 4th fins of finned tube cannot form the space of effective chimney effect, thereby cause heat transfer effect variation, therefore also need a suitable numerical value for the distance between two finned tubes.
As shown in figure 10, the base tube 5 of height H on axial along to(for) fin, also need to have a suitable numerical value, if fin height is too high, on the top of fin, because boundary layer starts in the direction along with base tube height to overlap in closed area, cause the deterioration of heat exchange, in like manner, highly too low, heat exchange is not given full play to, thereby affects heat transfer effect.
Therefore, the present invention is the size relationship of the finned tube of the best radiator that sums up of the test data of the radiator by multiple different sizes.Because finned tube also has included angle A, these three variablees of finned length L, fin height H, therefore, introduce two characteristic sin (A/2), L/R, H/R, R is the radius of base tube here, heat dissipation capacity maximum from heat transfer effect, has calculated nearly 200 kinds of forms.Described size relationship is as follows:
Angle between described the first fin and the second fin is A, and the length of the first fin and the second fin is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, the fin height H along base tube on axially, and above-mentioned four relation meets following formula:
Sin(A/2)=a×(L/R)
2+b×(L/R)+c
H/ (R × 10)=e × Sin (A/2)
2wherein, A unit is angle to-f × Sin (A/2)+h, 60 ° of <A<110 °,
L is of a size of mm, 12mm<L<80mm,
The unit of R is mm, 10mm<R<80mm,
The unit of H is mm, 800mm<R<1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f, h are coefficient, and the scope of a is 0.04-0.042, and the scope of b is 0.266-0.28, and the scope of c is 0.36-0.37, and the scope of e is 21-23, and the scope of f is 44-45, and h is 23-25.
By testing after result of calculation, by the numerical value of computation bound and median, the result of gained matches with formula substantially again, and error is substantially in 4%, and maximum relative error is no more than 6%, and mean error is 2%.；
The optimum of coefficient optimization is: a is that 0.0412, b is that 0.02715, c is that 0.03628, e is that 22, f is that 44.37, h is 23.86.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent base tube central axis is S=d × (L+R) × sin (A/2), and wherein d is 1.1-1.2.
As shown in Figure 6, the distance between adjacent base tube central axis is exactly the distance between two base tube centers of circle on cross section.
The optimum results of d is 1.118.
The structure of embodiment 2 is as follows:
A kind of finned tubular radiator 17 of enclosed construction, comprise upper header 1, lower collector pipe 3 and be connected upper header 1 and the finned tube 4 of lower collector pipe 3, described finned tube 4 comprises circular base tube 5 and the first fin 6, the second fin 9, the extended line that the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 are arranged on outside and the first fin 6 and second fin 9 of base tube 5 intersects at the base tube central axis at the place, the center of circle of base tube 5, and the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 are along by the first plane B mirror image symmetry of base tube central axis; Described finned tube comprises the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10, described the 3rd fin 11, the 4th fin 10 along the second plane C respectively with the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 mirror image symmetries, described the second plane C is vertical with the first plane B and through the central axis of base tube 5; Between described the first fin 6 and the second fin 9, the first brace 8 is set, it is linear pattern metallic plate that the second brace 12, the first braces 8 and the second brace 12 are set between described the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10.Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube 5 is parallel to each other.
It should be explained that, as shown in Figure 8, the central axis of base tube is exactly the line that the set of the centre point on the cross section of base tube 5 forms.
By above-mentioned setting, make to form a gap 7 between fin and brace, in heat convection, gap 7 has just formed a kind of chimney effect, can strengthen heat exchange.
Preferably, in one plane, in one plane, the plane at the first brace 8 and the second brace 12 places is parallel to each other for the second brace 12 of adjacent base tube 5 for the first brace 8 of described adjacent base tube 5.
Preferably, the first fin of adjacent base tube is parallel to each other, represents that the second fin of adjacent base tube is also parallel to each other, and in like manner, the 3rd fin, the 4th fin are also parallel to each other.This feature shows that finned tube arranges according to equidirectional.This feature shows that finned tube arranges according to equidirectional.
Preferably, the size of all finned tubes is all identical.
The 3rd fin of the first fin, the second fin and adjacent fins pipe and the 4th fin form space, and this space forms certain space, can form chimney effect, adds strong convection, augmentation of heat transfer.
Angle between described the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 is A, and the length of the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and certainly, because mirror image symmetry, the length of the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10 is also L naturally.
For embodiment 2, be also optimized, the concrete result of optimizing is as follows:
Angle between described the first fin and the second fin is A, and the length of the first fin and the second fin is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, the fin height H on fin is axial along base tube, and above-mentioned four relation meets following formula:
Sin(A/2)=a×(L/R)
2+b×(L/R)+c
H/R=10×e×(Sin(A/2))
f
Wherein, A unit is angle, 60 ° of <A<110 °,
L is of a size of mm, 15mm<L<80mm,
The unit of R is mm, 10mm<R<80mm,
The unit of H is mm, 600mm<H<1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f are coefficient, and the scope of a is 0.038-0.04, and the scope of b is 0.26-0.27, and the scope of c is 0.34-0.35, and the scope of e is 0.72-0.78, and the scope of f is between-3.6 to-3.5.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent base tube central axis is S=d × (L+R) × sin (A/2), and wherein d is 1.05-1.2.
Wherein d is preferably 1.13.
Another embodiment of heat utilization device is the hot water output equipment that hot water is provided to user, and described hot water output equipment comprises heat exchanger, and described heat exchanger connects running water, enters in heat exchanger from the hot water of solar water heater, carries out heat exchange with running water;
Described hot water output equipment also comprises electrically heated rod, and when the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is during lower than the first temperature, electrically heated rod starts heating, and heats with the first power; When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is when than low the second temperature of the first temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the second power higher than the first power; When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is when than low the 3rd temperature of the second temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 3rd power higher than the second power; When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is when than low the 4th temperature of the 3rd temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 4th power higher than the 3rd power; When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is when than low the 5th temperature of the 4th temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 5th power higher than the 4th power.
In heat exchanger, running water and directly do not mix from the water in solar water heater carry out heat exchange, namely carry out heat exchange by mode indirectly.
As shown in Figure 9, described electric heating system and/or hot water boiler system also comprise control system, and electric heating system and/or hot water boiler system start automatically according to the temperature of the water that enters electric heater and hot-water boiler, and hot water is heated.Describe for electric heater below.
Described control system comprises temperature sensor 15 and the central controller 13 of measuring temperature, and temperature sensor 15 is for measuring the temperature of the water that enters electric heater, and central controller is for controlling the heating power of electric heater.When the inflow temperature of measuring is during lower than temperature a, electric heater starts heating, and heats with power A; When the inflow temperature of thermal measurement is when than the low temperature b of temperature a, electric heater heats with the power B higher than power A; When the inflow temperature of measuring is when than the low temperature c of temperature b, electric heater heats with the power C higher than power B; When the inflow temperature of measuring is when than the low temperature d of temperature c, electric heater heats with the power D higher than power C; When the inflow temperature of measuring is when than the low temperature e of temperature d, electric heater heats with the power E higher than power D.
Certainly, can to select, to measure the accuracy of temperature in order increasing, can another temperature sensor 16 be set at the water outlet of electric heater, the mean value of the temperature of the measurement by two temperature sensors calculates the starting power of electric heater.
For boiler, automatic ignition device is set.When the temperature of the water that enters boiler of measuring is lower than certain temperature time, boiler heats with regard to starting ignition device.In the time that the temperature of water of measuring reaches certain temperature, just stop heating.
Certainly, can to select, to measure the accuracy of temperature in order increasing, can another temperature sensor be set at the water outlet of boiler, the mean value of the temperature of the measurement by two temperature sensors calculates the starting power of electric heater.
Preferably, can in water tank 18, electric heater unit be set, when the leaving water temperature of water tank 18 is during lower than certain numerical value, can start electric heater unit.
For the situation shown in Fig. 4, can be by control system is set, described control system is controlled the fluid flow entering in heat utilization device and/or assisted heating device according to temperature.For example, for radiator, can determine the flow that enters the fluid in radiator according to indoor temperature, when indoor temperature is higher than the first certain numerical value, the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is closed completely, pipeline on solar water heater system is opened completely, fluid is inflow radiator not, when indoor temperature is lower than certain second value, the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is opened completely, pipeline on solar water heater system is closed completely, guarantee that the water on the pipeline on solar water heater system enters radiator completely.When indoor temperature is during between the first numerical value and second value, the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is partially opened, the pipeline portions on solar water heater system is opened, guarantee that only some fluid enters radiator.
For thermal output equipment, can determine the flow that enters the fluid in thermal output equipment according to the temperature of the water of thermal output equipment output, when the temperature of the water of thermal output equipment output is higher than the first certain numerical value, the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is closed completely, pipeline on solar water heater system is opened completely, fluid does not flow into thermal output equipment, when the temperature of the water of thermal output equipment output is lower than certain second value, the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is opened completely, pipeline on solar water heater system is closed completely, guarantee that the water on the pipeline on solar water heater system enters thermal output equipment completely.When the temperature of water of output is during between the first numerical value and second value, the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is partially opened, the pipeline portions on solar water heater system is opened, guarantee that only some fluid enters thermal output equipment.
For auxiliary heating equipment, can determine the flow that enters the fluid in auxiliary heating equipment according to the temperature of the water that enters auxiliary heating equipment, when the temperature of water that enters auxiliary heating equipment is higher than the first certain numerical value, the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is closed completely, pipeline on solar water heater system is opened completely, fluid does not flow into auxiliary heating equipment, when the temperature that enters auxiliary heating equipment water is lower than certain second value, the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is opened completely, pipeline on solar water heater system is closed completely, guarantee that the water on the pipeline on solar water heater system enters auxiliary heating equipment completely.When the temperature of water that enters auxiliary heating equipment is during between the first numerical value and second value, the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is partially opened, pipeline portions on solar water heater system is opened, guaranteed that only some fluid enters auxiliary heating equipment.
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, the present invention is not defined in this.Any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all can make various changes or modifications, and therefore protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.
Claims (2)
1. a solar water heater for loop circuit heat pipe formula, comprises heat collector, water tank and loop circuit heat pipe, and wherein the evaporation ends of loop circuit heat pipe is arranged in heat collector, and the condensation end of loop circuit heat pipe is arranged in water tank; Heat collector absorbs the heat of solar energy, the evaporation ends of heating loop circuit heat pipe, the working fluid of evaporation ends enters the condensation end of loop circuit heat pipe through circulation, carry out heat release at condensation end, water in heating water tank, working fluid recycles the evaporation ends that enters heat pipe and heats after condensation end heat release completes;
Described heat collector arranges glass heat-collecting vacuum tube, glass heat-collecting vacuum tube comprises glass base tube, the outer surface of described glass base tube covers heat-sink shell, described heat-sink shell from inside to outside comprises infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating and antireflection coatings successively, and wherein the ratio of the thickness of infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating and antireflection coatings is 1:1.5:2; Described infrared reflection coating is Ag; Heat absorbing coating from inside to outside comprises tetra-layers of TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr successively, and wherein the thickness proportion of tetra-layers of TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr is 1:1.1:0.84:1.14; Antireflection coatings is from inside to outside AlN, TiO successively
2, Ta
2o
5, SiO
2layer, wherein AlN, TiO
2, Ta
2o
5, SiO
2the thickness proportion of layer is 0.9:1:0.75:1.
2. a solar water heater system, is characterized in that, comprises solar water heater and heat utilization device, and heat utilization device is connected by hydraulic pipeline with solar water heater; Described solar water heater is solar water heater claimed in claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310499402.6A CN103528216B (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | Loop heat tube type solar water heater coated by heat absorption films and system thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310499402.6A CN103528216B (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | Loop heat tube type solar water heater coated by heat absorption films and system thereof |
Related Child Applications (6)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410205594.XA Division CN103940117B (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | Solar energy system having auxiliary heating function |
| CN201410205222.7A Division CN103940115B (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | Solar heating system |
| CN201410205387.4A Division CN104061699B (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | Solar water heater system |
| CN201410205609.2A Division CN103954046B (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | Solar radiator system |
| CN201410205592.0A Division CN103940116B (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | Solar energy system with heat utilization devices connected in parallel |
| CN201410205612.4A Division CN103954047B (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | Solar system with parallelly connected heat utilization equipment and pipeline |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103528216A CN103528216A (en) | 2014-01-22 |
| CN103528216B true CN103528216B (en) | 2014-06-11 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1187558C (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2005-02-02 | 杨家华 | Optitherm centralized heat-supplying system |
| CN201772644U (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2011-03-23 | 周长春 | Heat collector |
| CN102538243A (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2012-07-04 | 中南大学 | Flat-plate type solar water heater device |
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2013
- 2013-10-22 CN CN201310499402.6A patent/CN103528216B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1187558C (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2005-02-02 | 杨家华 | Optitherm centralized heat-supplying system |
| CN201772644U (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2011-03-23 | 周长春 | Heat collector |
| CN102538243A (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2012-07-04 | 中南大学 | Flat-plate type solar water heater device |
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