DE1940251A1 - Continuous and automatic plant for drying, firing, packing and binding bricks or various clay-like mixtures - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney Dipl.-Ing- A, GrOhecker

8M0nchen22.Ma * im! Llon * tr.43 , - - -

P 264l
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Enrico PUTIN, Villaverla (Prov. Vicenza), Via-.P. Trevisan 2, Italy

Continuously and automatically working system for drying, firing, the Packing and binding of bricks or various clay-like mixtures "

The invention relates to a continuously and automatically operating system for drying, firing, Packing and tying V "" it bricks or various Mixtures of sounds, formed by - a structural unit, which includes a tunnel.

It is known that the cost of making bricks always have to be reduced what the Increasingly advanced automation for manufacturers which imposes operations, with a corresponding Reduction of the influence of the labor force.

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The problem was raised by manufacturers in the industry approached in different ways, both in terms of Training of the drying systems as well as the kiln.

The latter were also made in the form of a tunnel, with movable trolleys for the brick material to be fired. This .werden slowly within the furnace upstream W pushed and come out again with the fired material.

The traditional equipment, the separate apparatus Use for drying and firing the bricks require preheating of the material at the time Drying, a subsequent cooling of the material and a new heating when burning in the oven "

fc All of this requires additional costs for the postponement of the material in and out of the drying oven, and in and out of the oven, and additional costs are incurred the greater amount of thermal energy required for the successive heatings.

The invention aims at an automatic continuous plant, suitable for any production quantity and for any ■■ '■' ■■■ ■ '■■■ "■■ ^; - - 3 -. -. ■■

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any sound quality, with a maximum output guaranteed by drying a. ■ Part of the heat wiexler used by the kiln ab ^ e ^ ebcji ujrd. In particular, it preserves however the theran see energy that-from the material when Drying has been included, specifically as a preheat of the material before firing.

It is ge create a set in this way, comprising a tunnel, in whose first part the drying of the material begins while, completing the drying in the subsequent portion in which the material with variable speed and according to need is advanced This section also functions as a buffer to accommodate any temporary interruptions in some parts of the production cycle. The last section is the actual kiln, from which the material comes out to be fed to a discharge area. The packs of bricks are formed on this unloading surface, which results in a completely automatic installation which requires practically no manpower, except for the supervision of the operation of the installation.

Another basic concept of the invention consists in the The fact that the brick material

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is grouped speaking, and is indeed "vertically loaded on a loading surface by means of a framework with multiple layers ^ as movable on the superposed movable planes which are arranged between the harvest portion of the drying« · conditioning, and then summarized in packets of about "superimposed layers The drying system has given the material sufficient strength, which makes it possible to reduce the cross-section of the drying oven considerably and consequently to increase the speed of the drying air, thus enabling faster removal of moisture in the second part of the drying oven is possible and that a reduction of the length of the drying oven, while in the harvested part the material is only heated and partially dried *

Another fundamental concept of the invention consists in the fact that at the end of the first drying phase the material can be further grouped, in groups of parallel lines , in such a way that it is brought to the front of the kiln when these. - not ± n the first. Comprehensive measures

At the end of the phase and after it has been run through, it will take a long time to preserve the atokoolwns of the material for the formation of a further reserve of material

moved further to groups with appropriate Width to that of the transport packages to be formed bring.

The bundles are tied with devices, possibly of a known type.

The system essentially comprises the following parts:

1) A loading device on which the brick elements arrive, for example from a pulling device or from a cutting machine or from a molding press or come from any other processing chain, and either on one or more parallel rows · This device removes the elements from each other to form groups,; in them then laterally to move in parallel rows, with the Purpose to form groups of elements with dimensions corresponding to those of the loading area of the scaffolding.

2) A liftable scaffolding with multiple surfaces on which the individual groups of brick elements are loaded, with means for advancing the material on said surfaces being provided. , -

3) A tunnel dryer with several superimposed surfaces on which the groups of brick elements

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be advanced from each other in the three Dimensions are separated as soon as they come from the scaffolding when the latter is loaded »

The several superposed surfaces are inclined at their end parts, namely according to an adjustable angle of inclination, which has the purpose to cause individual groups of bricks to slide down until they are directly on top of each other arrange and form brick groups of parallel rows; which continue drying in the second part of the drying oven, placing them on a single moving surface can be advanced.

4) A movable surface in the tunnel-like drying oven with a feed device that enables the Bringing groups of materials onto a parallel moving surface by dividing the material into groups of brings parallel rows, for a width that corresponds to that of the subsequent kiln, what it makes it possible in this way to reduce the overall length of the plant, completing the drying process and at the same time creating a considerable reserve of dried material which makes it possible to remedy any stoppages in any part of the system for whatever reasons.

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5) Eiii kiln rait a movable sole that with is clad in fireproof Haicrial, possibly * in powder form, depending on the various forms of arrangement used in further course mower to be described.

6) A moving surface at the exit of the furnace leading to a Yorschubgerät that serves to guide the groups into one or more parallel groups lying one above the other To arrange layers according to. the. ent— appropriate dimensions of the brick packs, which are for ' the binding and dea f ersand are intended.

As a variant of the general arrangement of the plant, there is the possibility of supplying two or more kilns . iQii-t provided a «single drying oven. Ee, however, a - Brenmof * m with one or more drying ovens, as well as any other combination of a * any number -rom "drying oven with any number of buckets ~ -_ can be supplied by the oven, whereby in this way one

maximum beta malelasticity reached. ~

! Of course Jkamrn every single part of the plant that mum described will lead to special exemplary embodiments, which others also come along without the Beareicli der -Erf! xaadaaBBg leave

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The idea of the invention is based on the drawing explained using several exemplary embodiments of the components of the system, including other special forms the same can be realized without thereby departing from the scope of the invention. Ee demonstrate

Fig. 1 A scheme of a linear arrangement of the plant,

Fig. 2 is a diagram of a parallel row arrangement of the plant.

Fig. 3 is a scheme of the plant with two ovens, the material in opposite directions be run through,

Fig. 4 shows the scheme of a system using two Furnaces through which the material passes in a parallel direction.,

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the lifting system for Loading the drying oven,

Fig. 6 is a schematic longitudinal section of the portion of the drying oven in which the over he stratification the elements takes place,

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to the

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the beautiful sole of the Sresin

Fig * 14 dÜ # * e & e «Ätische

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Figure: *% 3 <iie seheraatiscne side view of a "Ausfiifrrungsfr eispiels _e

Fig; » l6 the scheme of the air flow within the Kiln and drying oven »

The first. Exemplary embodiment of the system, the schematic in Fig.. £ is shown, an arrangement is provided «Here the brickworks ;, the sttsf bucket- previous: Ready-made chain« anlcoaunen in one or more parallel rows, ζτχκ an smelt overlooks ea Dia dance device I _r da »the elements in groups *

divided and then laterally on parallel rows - _; '

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moves, namely by means of a Versetzgeratee Z, * \ z

where Bleaeente wit AbBesstsngen are formed, which - ■ '. ·

which nteprechen the loading platform of the lifting device 3 _'; - :.

which the. Drying furnace h feeds, from the element,; - _:

w can out and sideways to the sliding device ; 5 ft *

where they pick up groups with a different breadth

be summed up, which is generally larger and;

which corresponds to ues kiln 6. ί

The groups that can get out of the kiln are "

again offset _t and indeed other with a second displacement means 7 in groups dimensions corresponding to those of the brick-packs, which are, at the end "of the system, bound to the movable 'level. 8

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With buckets of the second possible ¹¹ Anoräirungsbeispiel the .Anlage, which is shown in Fig. 2, the bricks: eleniente after grouping and lateral displacement analogous to the "above Fig. 1 in the distancing device 9 from the lifting device 10 on surfaces of the Änf angsabschnift'tes Drying oven 11 loaded whereupon they are placed on inclined surfaces 12 until they oxidize in layers one on top of the other, namely in the end section 13 of the drying oven.

Subsequently, the elements in another, preferably greater width combined and by means of a pair of locking devices and 15; · In doing so, the elements are on the movable Area 16, .whose width is that of the kiln

17 corresponds, after which it is on the movable surface

18 arrive.

The two movable surfaces ± 5 and 18 form in advantageously an Ies «rve of material which during the inevitable temporary breaks in work Acts as a buffer in some sections of the system. In order to will provide regular care to the other sections guaranteed ^ at least for a certain period of time, by simply adjusting the feed rate of the movable FJ areas changes accordingly "

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Another pair of displacement devices 19 '"'';"''*"and 20 provide for the redistribution of the brick elements on a different, preferably smaller width, which corresponds to that of the packets of brick elements along the movable end surface 21 of the indictment are to be established and bound, for example by means of iron tape according to procedures that may be known per se.

In other embodiments of the system according to the invention, which are shown in Fig. 3 and It, two kilns 22 and 23 or 24, 25 are provided, which the brick elements either in the opposite direction AB (Fig. 3) or in in the same direction C and D (Fig. k) , in both cases a single drying oven is used for supply and a single movable surface is used at the exit part for the loading of the brick packs.

Of course, numerous other exemplary embodiments can be used in the arrangement of the system, e.g. accordingly the special requirements of the work, without thereby leaving the scope of the invention.

The material, which by means of a shifting device from of the type described below, possibly on the side

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is summed up in a different number of rows, is advanced on a movable surface, for example consisting of rollers, until one area of the lifting device with each group 3 (Fig. 5), which is automatically raised at the end of the loading of each individual area, for example by means of an electric motor 27 connected

driven winch 2 (γ the lower surface is in front of the movable loading area *

When the entire lifting device 3 is loaded, the entire material is advanced on its surfaces, until it is on the movable surfaces 28 (Fig. 6) of the first part of the tunnel drying oven is located.

Both the movable surfaces, the lifting device 3 « the movable surfaces 28 of the first section of the drying oven can also be equipped with rollers or belts be that are driven accordingly.

Then the first drying phase begins. After a certain Distance, the length of which depends on the feed rate of the material, i.e. of the type of clay used and of Depending on the type of brick, the material achieves such a degree of strength that it can be stacked will.

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For this purpose, a device is used to layer one on top of the other, the is shown schematically in FIG. The device has a series of superimposed surfaces 29, which are guided in hinges at 30 and can assume an adjustable inclination, namely depending on the tile elements and the number of rows that have to be "laid one on top of the other".

W The individual groups of elements then slide on the inclined surfaces 29 down until they overlie one another directly, forming groups of parallel layers which are advanced further in the drying oven, on a single moving surface 31 (see also Fig. 8) .

As a result of the reduced cross-section of the drying oven, the speed in this section is the same k of the drying air larger than in the first part of the drying oven (Fig. 7), which has the surfaces 28, so that a more effective heat exchange can be achieved.

In the first section of the drying oven, however, where the Air speed is reduced, there are the Brick elements all spaced apart in the three Directions and are completely bathed in the air, which circulates in the drying oven.

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Then a pair of shifting devices takes care of it the-Fig. 9 »10 and 11 for the fact that the groups of brick elements on a parallel movable plane shifted, arranging the material in a complex of parallel layers, the width of which corresponds to that of the kiln.

The shifting device, which then in numerous further Parts of the system are used after systems that are known per se, a first group of roles 32 include, between which rollers 33 are arranged, the axis of which is perpendicular to the former and the can be raised. These roles cause the shift a whole group of materials on the subsequent roller conveyor 3 ^ »which is perpendicular to the direction of the former.

It is clear that the particular embodiment of the displacement device can also be changed, for example by moving the rollers 33 by conveyor belts or by Moving blades replaced, namely by known arrangements. ,;

By pairing two successive displacement devices arranged, for example, similar to that shown in FIGS. 9 and 11, it is possible to use the brick elements to be arranged in parallel using groupings or splits carried out in groups of different widths, depending on the

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special requirements. ; , V

For example, the pair of sliding elements, that is in front of the entrance of the kiln, ensure that to arrange the brick elements according to width groups that correspond to the width of the oven itself.

The furnace is advantageously of greater width than the drying oven, which makes it possible to adjust the speed of advance in the oven and, consequently, its overall length to reduce.

The sections in front of and behind the kiln will advantageously have the same larger width of the kiln in this case, namely to the Purpose to increase the reserve capacity of the material (in the sense described above).

It can also divide the moving surface into individual sections be divided, which can be controlled independently at different speeds, creating a maximum Operational elasticity of the system is achievable.

The actual furnace can be designed in various ways. Some execution examples of the

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Furnaces are given, as a non-limiting example, in Figures 12-15 are shown.

In a particular embodiment of the furnace this is provided with a movable sole 35 (Fig. 12), which consists, for example, of adjacent elements that have an articulated connection with each other and are carried by rollers that rotate on a support surface.

The sole 35 is clad at the top with refractory material, for example in powder form 36 · This powder is on The end of the run of the movable sole 35 is caught again and led back to the beginning '

For example, it is possible that at the end of the path of the movable sole 35 (Fig. 13 and lh) a funnel 37 is arranged, which is provided at the bottom with a screw 38 which lets the refractory material fall onto a lateral conveyor belt 39 which it leads to a further funnel kÖ , which is also provided with a screw at the bottom, which then evenly supplies the movable base sole 35 with refractory material at its starting section over the entire width.

The superfluous material removed from a tape 4i and The following funnel is collected via the

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Conveyor belt 42 transported to the end funnel 37, to be reintroduced into the cycle.

Of course, the side walls 43 (Fig. 12), the upper vault 44 of the furnace are suspended in light contact with the refractory material 36, which rests on the movable base 35 of the furnace, in such a way that a lateral sealing of the warm air takes place.

In a further embodiment of the furnace, which is shown schematically in Fig. 15, the movable bottom is accompanied 45 over its entire lower run from the end pulley 46 to the initial roll 47 from a side conveyor belt 48, which runs in accordance with tensioning rolls _t and on the return stroke carries all of the refractory material which lies on the movable sole 45 during the operational journey.

Of course, other practical embodiments of the furnace can be provided without having to do so leaves the scope of the invention

For example, it is also possible that the sole of the The furnace is made up of rigid transverse elements provided with fire-proof protection, also made of solid Material, and which are connected with - joints with the adjacent elements, in such a way that a

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movable transport carpet formed; becomes who in: is closed.

The hot air, which is preheated in the end section of the tunnel downstream of the kiln, and emanates from the fired material which comes out of the kiln warm, is collected in a collecting pipe k $ (FIG. 16) to the tunnel 50 and then to the drying kiln 51 to be brought, which is in front of the kiln.

An additional heat generator can be provided at any point on the line k $ in order to complete the thermal energy of the air again, and a fan can also be installed in the line 49 in order to pressurize the circuit of the drying oven.

The kiln is heated by burners 52 attached to the Walls and / or are arranged on the vaults of the furnace, whereby the exhaust gases are collected by the pipe 53 and blown off into the atmosphere, possibly with the help of a suction device 5.4 ·· -

In this way you avoid that the exhaust gases of the furnace, which are known to contain harmful substances resulting from the The firing process of the bricks originates from the non-fired material damage that is being dried, including the drying oven itself could be damaged .. That way

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complete uniformity of brick production is guaranteed.

The air saturated with moisture is at the material inlet blown off in the drying oven, precisely in the area of the loader 55 by means of the line 56, the possibly. works with the help of the suction fan 57 which blows the air directly into the atmosphere.

It is clear that the scheme now described also relates to the air circulation is only given as an example and modifications in the various practical cases and can experience variants without thereby departing from the scope of the invention.

When heated clay is used the benefit is that results from the use of the system, particularly noticeable. Because there is no manipulation of the material and no passages or stops of the material are present in the outside air, the material is in the Drying oven advanced without temperature reductions, which greatly favors drying and excludes cracks due to too fast or at least unsuitable heating and drying of the brick material would be. "

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Claims (1)

P a te nt a η s ρ r ü c h e 1. Continuously and automatically working system for drying, firing, packaging and binding of bricks or various clay mixes, formed from a building unit that forms a tunnel includes, d a d u r c hg e k e η η ζ e i e h η e t, that in the first part of the system the drying of the material on several levels and on the different elements to be dried takes place, which are spaced from each other and possibly grouped, which is followed by another section in which the Material that is being fed is superimposed on one another where it can still be grouped, whereupon it can be moved at variable speed, depending on requirements, is advanced, creating a buffer to avoid any temporary interruptions in some parts of the workflow to remedy the drying is completed, followed by the actual kiln, from which the material comes out, to then to be led to a loading area in total, on which it is grouped into brick packs, with which one obtains a completely automatic system, which practically requires no manpower, except for the supervision of the operation the system itself. ■ '- 22 - 009811/0969 .- 22 - 2. Plant according to claim!., Characterized in that a frame with several surfaces, that is vertically movable, ensures that the brick material, according to dimensions is grouped, is stored on superimposed, movable surfaces, which are in the first part of the drying oven, while then a number of inclined planes, the position of which can be regulated, ensures that the material lies on top of one another Layers are grouped together once drying has brought the material to a sufficient consistency has what makes it possible to considerably reduce the cross-section of the drying oven and consequently corresponding to the feed speed of the drying air to increase, thereby faster removal of moisture in the second part of the drying oven is achieved. 3 · installation according to claim 1 and 2, characterized g e - ken η ζ e i c h η e t that are provided before and / or after the drying phase shifters that summarize the material to a set of parallel layers having a width which corresponds to the useful width of the kiln, which makes it possible to reduce the feed rate of the material and consequently to reduce the overall length of the system , and that further - 23 - 009811/0969 Sliding devices are provided, which are arranged after firing and after cooling and divide the material into groups which have the same width as the packages to be produced and bound in the end section of the plant. ^l i "plant according to claim 1 to 3i" characterized in that the kiln has a movable bottom, is applied to a layer of pulverförmigera refractory material in an appropriate thickness, wherein a discharge hopper is provided with a rotating screw provided at the end of the movable sole , which transports the refractory material onto a lateral transport carpet, which leads it to another hopper, which is also provided with a rotating screw and which distributes the material on the starting section of the movable sole, the excess material being collected by a third hopper, the is also provided with a rotating screw, and which conveys the excess material to the end funnel of the system by means of an additional lateral conveyor belt. 5. Plant according to claim 1 to 3 »d a d u r c h g e k It is noted that the kiln is provided with a movable base on top of which one layer of refractory, powdery material in suitable Strength is applied, with the entire lower 009811/0969 _ ₂ k - - 2k - Section of the movable sole with a parallel one Transport carpet is provided, which serves to carry the refractory material during the return and reapply it to the movable sole at its initial part. 6. Plant according to claim 1 to 3ida ^durc hgek, e η η ζ egg paves that the movable base of the kiln is formed by transverse elements which are clad with refractory, rigid material and which are connected with joints with the adjacent transverse elements, in such a way that a continuous transport carpet is formed, which is carried by transport rollers that run on appropriately arranged rails » 7. Plant according to claim 1 to 3, characterized g e Ic e nnz ei chn e t »that according to special requirements the possibility is provided to provide two or more kilns in parallel with one single tunnel containing the drying oven, with the material afterwards on a single tunnel Loading area is summarized, on which it is bound in packages according to possibly known methods. 8. Plant according to claim 1 to 3 » ^d adurchgek e η η ζ eic hη et that, according to special requirements, two ^ kilns are provided in one 009811/0969 - 25 - Line are arranged against each other, and those of
fed through a single tunnel that spans the
Includes drying oven. 9 · Installation according to claims 1 to 3 »thereby g e k e η η ζ e i c h η e t that two or more drying ovens are provided according to special requirements are feeding a single kiln 10 · Plant according to claim 1 to 3, d a d u r c h g e k E nnze e t that according to special requirements several drying ovens are provided, the ^{: connected} in various ways to multiple kilns. 11. Plant according to claim 1 to 3 »marked thereby Ei chne t that the individual parts of the movable carpet divided into individual sections are controlled independently at different speeds, which allows a maximum to achieve functional elasticity of the plant. . 0098ΊΊ / 096 9