DE1939284A1 - Device and method for electrolytic machining - Google Patents

Description

Dr.-Ing. HANS RUSCHKE

Dipl.-Ing. HEINZ AGULAR Our reference A 1163

© Μϋηφβη 80,

Anoout Engineering Company, EIk G-rove Village Illinois / USA

Device and method for electrolytic machining.

In the technology of processing electrical * - Conductive and earth-free parts caused by electrolysis result in problems when turning or in the Formation of a profile on a part which is initially cylindrical or conical, or when electrolytic turning on a part, which » is arranged on a lathe.

The present invention relates to a new and

Device and a method for a part that electrically ^ -lei- and duE <^ h electrolysis can be eroctable, whereby se, the Vesfatoen carried out a dpeiiar / teei / fe can be,

It has already been suggested, as in Fig. 27a of the USA patent font. 3,058,895 is shown a surface a.3 leiles to edit or polish by it can be rotated on a machine tool, such as, on a lathe ο «like. arranges and the electric actuation with the help of a tubular electrode. Certain items the provision »soft subject of VQrli@ge.nden Invention are in the USA-Jatentg ^ hrift @ n 3 058 895, 3 2? 6 987 »3 287 246 and the visionary ilBA registration 165 659 from 18.1.1962 btaehriehen.

The various embodiments of the invention described below can be used with different types of electrolytic lathes (e.g., lathes such as those in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,287,245, 3,287,246, and 663 650 are described and claimed). To the extent necessary to understand this description the descriptions of the bigen patents are included in the present invention and form a part of it.

The present invention relates to a for el ect ^ Qly ti are processing a of a part under rotation, welehes tend URCt electrolyti ^ th erodi§: pba, r is, please

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direction is characterized in that it is combined with a device to support the ! Ceils and for rotating this part around a central axis, an electrode structure with working surfaces, which are electrically conductive, these ! Structure comprises an electrode assembly and means for supporting these electrodes, which one circular arrangement around the central axis of rotation of the part follows, these electrodes are arranged radially and at a distance from one another, and means for optionally radial displacement of the electrodes so that the latter approach and retreat from the axis of rotation of the part and delimit a narrow processing space, the size of each work surface of the electrodes, which is expressed in terms of the angular displacements of the rotating part, no less than about 2 ° of an arc of revolution and no greater than about 60 ° of this arc is; the apparatus further comprising means for supplying an electrolyte to each work space and encompassed by this space.

The invention is illustrated below using exemplary embodiments ■ explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings show:

Pig.l a partial view of a device for electrolytic Processing according to an embodiment of a Electronic structure,

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BATH ORIGINAL

Pig. 2 shows a section on an enlarged scale according to line 2-2 in Pig. 1,

Pig. 3 shows another sectional view in an enlarged manner Scales according to line 3-3 in Pig. 2,

Pig. 4 a plan view of a variant of the electrode structure,

Pig. 5 a view of the son on an enlarged scale according to line 5-5 in Pig. 4,

Pig. 6 a partial section on an enlarged scale, with three electrodes shown,

Pig.7 is another sectional view of part of a variant of the arrangement of the electrodes or of the Electrode block according to line 7-7 in Pig. 6,

Pig.8 is a view showing another embodiment of the electrode structure according to the invention is,

Pig.9 a sectional view on an enlarged scale according to line 9-9 in Pig. 8,

Pig.10 shows in perspective a Ausführungsfor m an electrode conveniently ταί% can be used in the Pig.l to 9 shown Elektrodenetrukturen,

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11 shows a sectional view along line 11-11 in Mg.10, the characteristic mode of operation the electrode is shown in relation to a part to be machined,

Pig.12 in perspective a variant of a suitable one Electrode used together with the structures can be, which are shown in Fig.l to 9,

13 is a sectional view along line 13-13 in Fig.12, the function of this electrode structure with respect to a segment of a to be machined Is partly shown

14 shows a partial section of an apparatus for electrolytic machining, which is intended for this purpose is to machine the inside of a part using a cone to advance the electrodes with regulation the supply is used,

FIG. 15 a sectional view along line 15-15 in FIG. 14,

Fig. 16 shows a part of a Speiseme cha tLsBius for electrodes similar to Fig.14 with the exception that instead of the mechanical ones shown in Fig.14 Construction of the electrolytic pressure is used to keep the inner surface of the electrode in contact hold up with the cone,

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17 shows a part of a device for electrolyte processing, which is intended for this purpose is to machine the inner surfaces of a part, with pistons in equilibrium being the Prevent electrodes from shifting against the part,

18 shows a sectional view along line 18-18 in Fig. 17,

19 shows a partial section of one of the ones shown in FIG Device-like device, where a spring is used to apply the electrolytic pressure in place to bring the air pressure or the atmospheric pressure into equilibrium, as is the case in Fig. 17 and 18 is,

20 shows a partial section through the device for electrolytic processing, which is intended for this purpose is to machine inner surfaces of a part with the electrodes against the part by notation of a cam with multiple projections moving with the inner ends of the electrodes in contact are held with the cam with the help of springs,

FIG. 21 shows a partial section along line 21-21 in FIG. 20,

FIG. 22 shows a part of a device similar to the device shown in FIG. the electrolyte pressure the inner ends of the electrodes

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against the cox instead of the springs shown in Figures 20 and 21 _p

23 shows a cable section of an electrode and one Seiless which should be processed inside,

24 is a view of the electrode IMD ä & s rope by fig, "25 ·

The erfinduiigsgemäße device aur electrolytic machining comprises a structure odes a block of electrodes, plural marriage darstellen- a Blelctrodeneinlieit which are arranged on a suitable support ;, which is preferably intended to be arranged on an electrolytic lathe "the latter _s comprises means for Tsrwirklichen and sum guiding the advance of the electrodes "with respect _ΰ a to be processed rope with equilateral the desired and controlled operations foöi the electrolytic turn of the inner or Urs · = fang flat of the rope caused" W @ m, for example, wishes ₉ the average or the interior of a part of the rope to be machined, the electrolytes are first arranged at an appropriate distance from the surface to be machined when the part then experiences a rotary movement _f the electrolytic machining is carried out the electrodes continue with respect to the rope and their movement is guided in an expedient manner by the support so that the desired turning work is carried out quickly and effectively »

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In the AitsfUliruiias ^ eiSjpiei äeö jj, öoke or electrode structure, as shown in oils in fig . ts axially displaced and certified "if <äil ^ iiiliirfe ^ that a correct advance of the 3SI * ktr0d * n

Xn the in> ig · 4 to 7 active exporter felt or .WIi ¹ I / *

the aeeteuerte Drehbewegiirti dee Bloelc Suj ^ perte eia advancing and that FUhreirder SlöldtiScodön ütrros * itt lea »ma in Figure 8 geßeigi 9 # n Außf {Üüpung0tjeiB |.? iit3t the welohe the Blektroden tragejiöt BlO'fip Öupport eiiit unit for pistons" the # r # ilen WiA d * e ge ·? ■ controlled guiding of the slektrodwt up to t2, i »1 | $ | po3, ytiiOh« ti stir processing ·

In the examples shown in FIGS. 14 to 21, several constructions are provided for the inner parts of the parts, electrodes of a special kind can be used, but with oil which are similar to those shown in FIG Up to 13 o'clock in the case of the latter, the clock is carried out <£ ee el "trolyte" n openings _t those provided in the j & ectroäen oiiid "but. it is just as possible to lead the oleolytes from one or more calibres to the outer exit through openings in the electrodes, which can be fed under guides.

Each electrode has a slight circumferential dimension on the work surface to make up for a great lack of (rleichförraigkeit between the curvature of the Electrode and the curvature of the parts during machining to prevent"

BADOFFIGlNAL

An explanation can be given on this last point become, if you pay attention to what happens when you would use a large size electrode: · If for example the electrode is designed so that half of the surface of the piece to be machined covered wifd and it has a curvature which is very similar to the Sorrn des' feiles, and if one at the start of machining metal from a radial surface from. fceisjjielweise 0.25 mm, the both edges of the electrode are no more than Q »25 mm as to the surface of the hatchet, even when the middle part of the electrode is in contact with dem (Cell is * Bamiij becomes when the ZwisohenräöÄ awisoheh Electrode and the! Deil becomes too big, the current «· amount that goes through is reduced. This has a Decrease in the removal process of material, which without doubt is not desirable

If, however, the same relative amount of the surface of the part which is betraohtet in the example (d * h. 50 56 In Böginn is working) of a plurality of narrow electrode bedsekt _f is dtr quantitative difference between the electrode and the curvature of the Krümmung.der Ofeiles not essential, since this is covered »ITm to take an extreme case. if the electrode is very narrow, and if the surfaces of the electrode are flat rather than curved, there is only a very slight gap in the artery space between the electrodes and the file over a large area in the diameter of this cord. If the electrodes are small in size, a large number of electrodes must be used to obtain an adequate

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193928 «

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Sufficient fitlohe for quick removal of metal au cover, and each electrode must be carefully positioned will.

There are a number of factors that need to be compromised between a large number of electrodes very small Size, which is theoretically desirable, and a small number of large electrodes which is practical Approximation represents »

Binary of the factors in this compromise, which must be taken into account, is the amount of material to be dispensed or the required change in shape of the file during processing of about 90 cm lift _f is the change in the curvature of the cylindrical or conical cable from beginning to Sxide processing not essential, and the difference in a match between the curvature of the electrode and the curvature of the! part is not important, even if the Size of the electrode is 50 mm or more. On the other hand, if the peelable layer has a bioke of about 12 mm, the size of each electrode may be smaller. In the case of a file with an initial diameter of 150 mm, for example, which is to be machined to a diameter of 127 am, it is advisable to use electrodes with a size of approximately 3.2 mm. For parts of very small diameter, the size of the electrode can be reduced to 1.5 mm or less · - '

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if the size of the electrodes is chosen so that they cover a zone of the part »welcl-ea poaching about 2 ° of an arc where the dioke- άν.ΰ to be lifted ΐ, ίΒ-fcails eats relatively large, bit ugly for 60 ° of a Bpgsö.s at $ eiien ' _ft v / o because afehebin of metal is less v / io necessary * ■'

The Qesamtzone dta parts by the electrodes to be deeokt varies in the puncture of the desired speed for the execution of the machining. Because “taking off the metal” goes just as quickly in front of you as the effective electrode surface is important in relation to the surface of the part to be processed. However, it is common advantageous that the working area of the electrodes is not less than about 10 $ of the original Total surface dee cylindrical or conical; PartB is.

When working on an inner surface, the electrodes are designed in such a way that their curvature is more like you Curvature of the final surface than the curvature corresponds to the original area of the part to be machined a. Indeed, the surface takes dee Part to the extent of machining, as a difference in profile between the electrode and the part consists. This difference diminishes and the

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Correspondence of the surface of the electrodes and the surface of the part becomes closer in that Mass as the surface becomes larger.

The foregoing can be applied uniformly to the size of the electrodes in the circumferential direction and on their Applying curvature »considering the fact, the required correspondence between the Electrodes and the part to maintain. However, the size of the electrodes is just as interesting to be viewed from a different perspective. If the surface of the part is conical, that is Electrode larger at the largest end of the conical part and narrower at the other end such that the same surface proportion of the part is exposed on the surface of the electrodes. If that the part to be machined has a curved surface, the size of the electrode changes lengthways their overall length such that proportional coverage is maintained. When that is final machined part must have a certain profile, for example, if one in Fig.10 and 11, is the portion of the electrodes that is deepest into the part (starting from outside) penetrates, the narrowest zone. The relative sizes and various sections of such Sources are provided in such a way that at the end of the machining the surface of the machined part, which is covered by the working surface of an electrode is proportional in all points.

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As shown in Fig. 10 and 11, this can be realized in that the body of the electrode has a conical shape to follow the radial directions from the center of the part. if Electrodes are designed to create an internal surface to process, the section of the electrodes, which forms the deepest zone of the part, must have the largest size. This rule can be used as a manufacturing process and as a guiding principle serve for the designer. It can also be convenient when using the work surfaces in the form of steps with sharp lugs than to have a uniform conical surface.

In Fig.l to 3 is a part of an electrolytic Lathe 10 is shown with a structure or block of electrodes 11. The electrolytic lathe 10, which generally carries a number of other elements which are not part of the invention and are described in detail in U.S. Patent 3,287,246, includes a frame with a bank 12, two protective housings 13, 14, which are impermeable to the electrolyte, are in Arranged at a distance from one another on the bench 12. In the housing or dumbbell 13 are (not shown) Driving means of a chuck or stick 16

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arranged for fastening a part to be machined W during the electrolytic turning work, as described below.

The housing 14 surrounds a working head 17 and a Mechanism, not shown, for axial movement of this head, so that controlled functioning of the Electrode group 11 is guaranteed. The working head 17 traverses a suitable top 19, which gives the end portion of the hand-held egg and prevents the electrolyte in the jacket 14 circulates during processing. A generally circular plate 21 is at the outer end portion of the head 17 attached. This plate 21 is used for mounting a bracket support 22 of a Putters of generally frustoconical design or a drive cone 23 for guidance the electrolyte used. This drive cone forms the main part of the guide block and the Fixing the electron assembly 24. The other part of the block for guiding and fixing the electrons 24 is formed by a piece which comprises two annular zones 25 and which on one or several supports 26 in the form of a C is attached. As can be seen, the supports 26 are in Form of a C removable (with the help of suitable fasteners) on the bench 12 of the lathe 10

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arranged. The supports have rounded sections in the vicinity of their upper and outer ends 28 (Fig.3) so on to the part of the two ring-shaped zones 25 to be fixed and upset "'

This part 25 comprises a first circular space 29f which has a collecting chamber 31 for the Electrolyte is limited and sits directly on the support 26.

The collecting chamber 31 is on one side by an annular part for guiding or mounting the Electrons locked, this latter part on a bracket 33 of the ring-shaped part 29 is attached. The annular part 32, like the annular part 29, has a central opening which is intended to receive the part W to be machined.

The annular part 32, the outer surface of which is frustoconical and the shape of the drive cone of the electrolyte 23 corresponds, and which is preferably made of an electrically insulating Material is formed, has an arrangement of guide grooves 34 expedient design. The guide grooves 34, each of which for receiving one Support element 24 serves to extend the electrolyte

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look through the ring-shaped part and the one from the other Equally spaced such that the electrolytes 24 inside these radial grooves and are arranged in a suitable manner around the part W to be machined, as shown in FIG Pig. 2 ^ is attached and is described below.

The electrolyte lathe comprises a feed container 37 for the electrolyte and a pump 38, which is connected to the latter in order to feed an appropriate amount of electrolyte into the collection chamber To ensure Jl, which is limited by the annular parts 39 and 32. Different types of one Electrolytes are described in U.S. Patents 3,058,895, 3,256,165, 3,218,248, 3,255,097 and 3 245 891. Referring to Fig.l and 3, a first feed line 39 feeds, which with the Output of the pump and the container is connected to the electrolyte in the collection chamber 31, while a Arrangement of flexible lines 41 are connected to drainage openings 42, which in more expedient 'Way spaced and in the wall of the annular part 29 are provided. A drain port 42 and a feed line are provided for each electrode 24 such that when working the lathe using the electron group 11 the electrolyte under pressure, which is greater than atmospheric pressure and at least about 1.75 kg / cm measured at the inlet

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of each electrode, from the source to the collection chamber 31 and from this chamber smoothly the leads 41 are distributed against the electrodes 24.

A return port of each of the conduits (i.e. the port connected to electrodes 24 sainmenkt) is preferably connected to a 90-curved connection 43, which in turn is connected by screwing to the body 44 of the corresponding electrode 24, which with one of the guide grooves 24 is in engagement. As can be seen, each of the curved connections is 43 hollow, so that the withdrawal takes place in a cavity 49 in the interior of the body 44 of the electrode. An electrolyte circuit is also from the pump 38 to the work space between the part Vi and the work surface 50 of each electrode 54 is constructed. Each of the bent links 43 is traversed a washer 45 and a guide groove 46 which is elongated on the cone 23, and is in screw engagement with one end of the electrode body which is against the inner surface of the Kegels. Several guide grooves 46 (which for example correspond to the number of electrodes 24) are provided on the wall of the cone 23.

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These guide grooves 46, which extend from the rear part of the cone towards the enlarged part, have a size that corresponds to that of the connecting elements of the bent connections 43 corresponds.

The disks 45 and the upper ends of the electrode 24 are formed so that they are against the support inner surfaces of the cone so that the electrode and connections are used to maintain a connection structure inside the guide grooves. That way if the Working head 17 and the drive cone of electrodes 24 advance from right to left, as shown in FIG As shown in Fig. 3, a transfer effect results because each of the electrodes 24 is radially opposed the inside leads in direction to the part W which is held by the chuck 16. the Electrodes 24 are uniformly inside the Grooves 34 included and guided by these in the annular part 32 so that they can not be transported votd drive cone, with a radial displacement of these electrodes is realized uniformly.

Preferably, the cone 23 not only commands the controlled radial advancement of the electrodes, but at the same time plays the role of a conductor for each of the electrodes, while the electrolytic Processing is going on.

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However, it is preferred that each electrode use separate cones, as in Pig.4 is shown. It is more preferably an insulation between the cone, 23 and the electrodes 24 to be arranged.

As shown in Fig.l is a expedient source 51 for electrode current with its negative pole over an arrangement of a conductive rod (not shown) connected to the working head 17 so that the entirety of the Driving force of the electrodes has a negative potential having. The positive pole of the source 51 is through the interposition of an appropriate arrangement in the form of a broom or the like. with the ducks of the chuck 16 connected so that the part to be machined W has a positive potential. To avoid any short circuit, the jacket 13 and the elements which are surrounded by it are supported by a bearing 52 made of insulating material worn so that the Soekel structure 12 and others Elements of the lathe are electrically isolated, which have a negative potential. The source 51 comprises appropriate means of control and security and can be of the type described in U.S. Patent 3,328,279.

The new features of the embodiment of the

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Electrode block, which in connection with Fig.l and 3 can be seen, among other things, if one considers the function of this unit. If a turning operation is desired on the part W to be machined, this is done inside the I-lattice 16 arranged so that it extends into the central opening defined by the structure 25 of FIG annular parts is limited. The electrodes rush in response to one of the cones 23 controlled and limited axial movement up to a very small distance from the part, for example from 0.05 mm to 0.75 mm against the portion of the part on which the electrolytic Processing is to be carried out.

The arrangements of the control of the lathe are then operated so that they are to be processed Set part in rotation. Then the electrolyte is pumped to the collection chamber 31 and passed through the lines 41 and the feed cavities, which are arranged in the electrodes, from where it reaches the work surfaces 50 and then flows through the work space. if the circulation of the electrolyte is built up by the anawning of the electrodes, the electrolysis current becomes supplied from source 51 such that a high density and low voltage between the negative electrodes and the positive part to be machined

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circulates and filming begins.

Electrodes 24 selectively and radially advance in workpiece W at a predetermined rate. To carry out this controlled As the electrodes 24 advance, the control means of the lathe actuate the driver of the mechanism of the working head 17 such that this head and the drive cone 23 optionally from the right lead to the left, as shown in Fig. 3. Since the cone 23 leads the working head, will the electrodes are entrained and rush forward radially in the direction of the part. The controlled advance the electrodes against the inside does not take place.

By interposing an annular guide 32 which has guide grooves 34 in which each of the electrodes is slidably arranged. The processes described occur as long as a * is to turning over, after which the supply of the electrolyte and the current is cut off, while the electrodes are withdrawn and move the drive cone 23 to the right (Figure 3) to allow _s the part lifted off the lathe wifd.

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In Fig.4 to 7 iet another embodiment of the Electrode block is shown which can similarly be used with the electrolytic lathe 10, to carry out the shooting ^ as described above. This block includes the electrodes a support 55, which is arranged on a table of the lathe with the aid of mounting elements 56 can be. The support or jacket 55, which is intended to be an electrode arrangement 57 is formed by two plates 58 which are generally circular and interconnected are connected in an appropriate manner.

The plates 58, each of which has a central opening of a certain diameter, which limited a work space where the electrolytic machining takes place, have protruding Segments and receding arrays on the inner surfaces of these panels. The internal parts of the Plate 58 are arranged with one another in such a way that they delimit appropriate zones. These Zones are intended to receive the electrodes 57 and form a collector 59 for the electrolyte. Although not shown in detail, the segments of the inner surfaces of the plates 58 are which the closed zones delimit * preferably provided with devices to ensure a tightness of these Zones to ensure.

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Referring particularly to Figures 5 and 6, each of the electrodes 57 comprises a plurality of elements, such as as will be described, a part which is slidably disposed inside the guide rings 60 is, which lie on the semicircular recesses bl, which are in the segments of the inner surfaces of the plates 58 are formed. When the inner parts of the plates 58 are attached, the limit Recesses 61 useful openings for receiving of the arranged rings 60 as shown, approximately on the outer edge of the panels. The rings are evenly spaced from one another in a prescribed manner Distance arranged by the final arrangement of the electrode in the interior of the jacket 55.

Each of the electrodes 57 elongates and slides in a sealing and guide ring element 62, which are engaged and fixed between the protruding segments which are on the inner panels are provided. In particular, the first of each ring element 62, which radially with the outer corresponding guide ring 60 is aligned, a bridge part 62a, which is against the shoulder the opening 58a, which is delimited by the projecting segments and which has a tight wall of the Collection chamber 59 forms. The sealing segments 62b of the first ring of each pair are elongated to the outer peripheral edge of the plates 58 and includes

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a central opening which allows an electrode to pass through. ; ■ .: - ~ -: ~

The outer ring 62 of each pair, which also allows the passage of an electrode, is provided in a suitable opening defined by the projecting segments which are provided near the central perforated parts of the plates 58 and which are another limit tight wall of the chamber 59. In particular, the bridge part 62a of this second ring of each pair rests against the shoulder of an opening 58b, and the sealing segment 62b of the ring extends in the direction of the working space for the opening.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a part 64 of each electrode 57 is axially pierced in order to circulate the electrolyte coming from the collecting chamber 59 through the working head 63. For ■■ facilitate the passage of the electrolyte which is the collector supplied through * a line 65 59, the input of the axial opening is kept of each electrode in communication with the collector when the electrode is in the retracted position or in the fully pushed forward position.

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The entrance 64a of the opening 64 of each electrode 57 is near the most distant zone of the collector 59 arranged (starting from the central axis of the blades 58) when the electrode is complete is withdrawn. Since the electrodes 57 radially in response to the action of a drive motor, such as is described below, lead, the input 64a traverses the collector, but constant in Connection with the latter, so that the electrolyte is continuously fed to the working head of each electrode will.

The mechanism for selectively advancing electrode 57 against part W is best shown in Figs evident. As shown, a motor continuously drives 66 through the interposition of a reduction gear 68 to a pinion shaft 69. This pinion shaft 69 is extended by changing bearings 70, 71, which are made in the perforated areas of each support 56 and the plate 58 which is mounted on these supports. A driving pinion 72 is attached to the end of the shaft 69 and the teeth are in mesh with the peripheral teeth 73a of gear 73.

The gear 73 is disposed inside a recessed central portion of each electrode 57 and these electrodes are with parts of this

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Gear switched in such a way that the rotary movement, which this gear experiences, in a radial movement of the electrodes 57 inside the Jacket 55 is converted. In particular, an intermediate portion of each electrode 57 is hollowed out at 74 and dimensioned to interface with a Lid 75 can come into engagement such that a central hollow zone 76 is formed, which is intended to receive the gear 73.

Each cover 75 has a length support 78, which is attached to the inner surface of this lid. A guide 97 of a cam is on the central one Portion of the support 78 attached so that the end of the latter is engaged in a Throat formed in the recessed portion when the lid is attached to this! As shown in Fig.6, is each of the electrodes 57 associated cam guide in the interior of one of the grooves or guide cams 81 of functional length and are in the gear 73 cut. In this position and when responding to one coming from the gearbox Rotational movement shift the guides 79 into the interior of the grooves 81 and the electrodes become shifted radially in the direction of the part W to be machined.

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About the centering of the toothed plate and free rotation against the central zone of each electrode where the plate is enclosed, sina a certain amount of relief Number of roller elements 83 mounted on the inner part of one of the plates 58 (Fig. 6 and 7).

These roller elements cooperate with the inner edge of the gear 73 and ensure the engagement of the driver pinion 72 with the Circumferential toothing 73a. Preferably one of these roller elements is between each adjacent one Electrode pair 57 provided. The required negative voltage is applied to the electrodes 57 supplied by the interposition of flexible cables 84, - which with one of the Plates 58 are connected. Each of these plates 58 has a negative potential, which is supplied by a main cone 86 connected to one of the supports 56. The supports 56, which are preferably slidably arranged on the bench 12 of the lathe, have negative voltages supplied by that bank, like this in that is described in the following example.

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For performing the necessary processing therefor using this embodiment The electrolyte is fed to one electrode to the collector 59 by pumps. At the same time each will A negative voltage is applied to the electrodes, and a positive voltage is applied to the rotating one Part W set up to begin editing. When these initial conditions are realized and in order to reduce the peripheral surface area of the part V /, the motor 66 becomes optional started to advance the gear 73 with respect to the electrodes. If this gear experiences a rotary movement, the guides 79 of the cam, which with the electrodes 57 are connected and are in engagement with the guide grooves 81. As a result, the electrodes, which are guided by the rings 60,62, shifted radially in the direction of the part. As the food opening of each electrode element is permanently connected to the collector 59, the electrolyte becomes continuously led to the work area, despite the controlled advance of the electrodes.

In Figures 8 and 9, another embodiment is one Electrode structure shown. In this embodiment an arrangement of electrodes 91 is also used, which are arranged such that they radially to the interior of a jacket support 82 in such a way are displaceable so that they effect the electrolytic machining on a part W.

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In detail, the dumbbell support 92 includes supports 93. These supports 93 are fastened by a horizontal support 95 and extend upwards from this support, the latter preferably slidably arranged on the table 12 of the lathe is. As shown in detail in Pig.9, the supports 93 are used to assemble an annular Supports 96, which is a central work zone 97 limited, which is used to accommodate a part to be machined V /.

The annular support 96 fe includes a number of openings 98, which are regularly arranged at a distance from one another and on a circumference align, these openings being intended to receive bearings 99 carried by the segments of the Electrodes 91 are traversed. Around each of these openings 98 a cylindrical housing 101 is arranged, through which a part of the corresponding Electrodes 91 extends. An inner part 102, which is used as a splash for each of the housings 101 is used, is attached to the annular support 96 in such a way that that it delimits a cylinder 103 which is used to receive a piston. The inner of the cylinder is preferably provided with an appropriate cladding, which allows that a piston 104 slidably moves, this piston

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is connected to a part of the .iilektroue, soft crosses this housing.

In. those respects are the pistons. 104 in more rigid V / eise connected to the segment of the .electrode 91, which are usually located inside the cylinder and near the entrance to the feed opening 105 - is located for the electrolyte. The pistons 104 are arranged in the cylinders 103 in such a way that chambers 10o, 107 are formed in each cylinder, which are not connected to each other and build up a layer of air. The cooking oil for the electrolyte 10p are connected to the chambers 10ό, and that of an external source incoming electrolyte is fed to these chambers through the interposition of oil feed lines 108, which is connected to the V / and of each of the housings 101 near the outermost part of those housings are. The chambers 107 are directly connected to the atmosphere through the interposition of suitable openings 108 in connection, which in the "rfand des annular supports 9o provided sina.

As shown in Fig. 9, each of the Electrodes 91 to the outside of the G-ehäuses 104 to a sealing element 109 »which is in an opening of the Sheath of this housing is provided. A spring 110 is rigid in a known manner between the outer one

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Part of each electrode 91 and attached to the jacket of the corresponding housing. These feathers 110 rest against the jacket in such a way that the electrodes with respect to the longitudinal axis of the annular supports 8b are inclined, the part V / along this axis before machining is arranged.

The farthest end of each of the electrodes is under negative voltages, which from one Cable 111 is supplied which is connected in the vicinity of a side wall of the housing 101. This negative voltage is for each housing 101 through the interposition of supports 93 and the ring-shaped Supportes 9b starting from a main feeder cable 112 delivered, which is connected to the bottom of one of the supports.

The electrolytic processing for this is carried out with this Execution of the electrode structure carried out, when the circuit between the electrodes 91 and the part W to be machined while turning is established is, the electrolyte at the same time proceeding from the chamber 10o to the working heads of the electrodes is delivered. In particular, when the electrolyte feeds the chambers 106, the pressure acts against it the pistons 104 controlled in response to this

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Pressure, the pistons being located inside the cylinder 103 respectively. shift η (i.e. that the air pushed out of the chamber 107 through the openings 108a will). As a result, the associated electrode elements 91 move radially against the part V / against the action of springs 110. When the electrolytic machining is completed / ^ and when the energization of the electrolyte is cut, the springs 110 move the electrode elements 191 to their normal Location inside the housing 101 before the next operation begins.

A variant of the electrode structure described above uses a single housing with a specific number of departments that serve the Piston 104 to receive. As it is, this last type of enclosure or arrangement To use cylindrical housing 101, there must be a supply of compressed air in the chambers 107 be provided because a very critical control of the electrodes 91 has proven to be essential.

In Fig. 10 to 13 are different embodiments of electrode heads shown, which are arranged on the electrode elements which are used in the above structure. The one shown in Flg.10 and 11 and generally designated 115 The electrode head has a working surface 116 of

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irregular training. This work surface is for electrolytic processing in one single operation of parts determined, which have an irregular profile.

In particular, the Elektrodenko.pf 115 is one of them Body 117 is formed on which a cover 11Ö can be removed by means of suitable fastening means is attached to form a saramel chamber 119. The lid 119 preferably comprises a drilled one Opening which is intended to be a threaded portion 121 of the body of an electrode element receive, which has a feed opening 122 through which the electrolyte to the chamber 119 is fed.

The working surface llo of the electrode head 115 is located on the part of the body 117 which is opposite the cover 118. This part points has an irregular thickness which corresponds to the irregular profile of the work surface, and comprises a number of openings 123 for the discharge of the electrolyte, the openings with the chamber 119 related.

The electrode head shown in Fig.12 and 13 has a construction in the arrangement which is similar to that of the electrode head, the

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in Pig. 10 and 11 is shown. However, this electrode head 1 ^ 5 has a working surface 126 of arcuate design, on which several elongated hats 127 are provided for emptying the electrolyte. These grooves 127 are in communication with a collecting chamber 128 which is delimited by a housing 129 and a cover 131 which is fastened to this housing. A plurality of elongated flutes 132 are provided on the work surface 126 corresponding to the elongated grooves 1 ^ 7. These cavities are not in communication with the chamber 127, but are essentially designed to facilitate the drainage of the electrolyte from this surface when the electrolyte is emptied from the chamber 128 during the electrolytic machining process.

The device shown in Pig. 14 and 15 for the electrolytic machining is removable of the material from the inside of a working part V / and bears the reference number 133 · ^ er Electrolyte is supplied through feed line 134 and then circulated through passage 135 into a guide 136. A sleeve 138 is aa the element 136 attached and has a passage 137 for the electrolyte au: ', which with the passage 135 communicates. Several electrodes 139,

ORiGiNAL BATHROOM - 35 -

9 O 9 8 8 6 / M 7 8

which have heads 1414 and passages 140, 142, those associated with passage 137 are carried by a conical element 151 which is attached to a collar 150 is, which is drilled conically on one side such that when moving the conical Elements from left to right, like this in Pig. 14, electrodes 139 face one another move the part 133 or move away from the latter.

A negative electrical connection 143 is attached to a plate 153 which extends laterally through a screw 152 is offset and on one element 144 is connected. Electrical connections 165 are between the sliding element 144 and electrodes 139, with poles

147 for the cones 145 and poles 148 on the electrodes are provided. A lid 149 is located at the front end of the cone. One for the pole

148 provided collar is drilled conically on one side and can extend into the interior of the Move cone 151. Openings or grooves 155 are provided in the cone 151, which of the Electrodes 139 is traversed. This cone includes a bottom 156 which is attached to a sliding Element 144 is attached.

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90988671173. ORIGINAL BATHROOM *

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_ 36 -

When machining is carried out, the part 133 to be machined is set in rotation on the bench, and, when the material is lifted from this part, the electrodes are outwardly through the Screw 152 offset, which cooperates with the surfaces of the cone 151. When editing is finished, the cone 151 is pulled by the screw, and also displaces the electrodes inside and remove it from the part to be machined. In Pig. 16 there is a variant of an electrode structure shown, which can be arranged on the device shown in Pig. 14 and 15, wherein a passage 159 is provided in an electrode 161 having a head 160. The electrode has an opening 163 to an electrolyte chamber 164 is connected, which is connected to the passage 137 for the electrolyte stands. In this embodiment, the device comprises a cone having openings I66, which are traversed by the electrodes, but the latter move away at the end of the processing from the part due to the electrolyte pressure in the chamber I64, instead of the collar here as shown in Pig. 14 and 15.

According to another embodiment, which in Fig.17 and 18 is shown and for processing the Inside a part W is provided includes

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the device equilibrium piston 176, which moves inwards and outwards due to the electrolyte pressure: to move the electrodes 174 to or remove them from the part W.

A fixed support 170 is designed to carry a sleeve 171 which is an electrolyte feed line 172, which is connected to this sleeve and ends in a chamber 173, which is provided in this sleeve 171. A plate 169 closes the end of the chamber 173, and an electrical cable 175 between the support 170 and the electrodes 174 by means of electrical Poles 182, 183 connected. The chambers 177 for the electrolyte are provided for the pistons 176, which slide in the sleeve 171, the chamber 177 having a lid 178 with passages 179, that are related to the atmosphere.

Electrolyte feeds 180 are provided in the flask, which are connected to the electrodes 174, the latter having heads 184. The chambers 181 for the pistons are interposed of openings 179 in communication with the atmosphere.

The part is rotated by suitable means and the material is released from this part

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0 9 8 8 6/1] 78

1939294

lifted off while the pistons are controllably displaced outwards and inwards under the effect of atmospheric pressure when the electrolyte pressure, which wants to move the pistons outwards, is reduced.

In Pig. 19 there is another piston operated electrode shown, which can be used with the device shown in Fig.17 and 18, wherein a return spring is used for the pistons. In Fig. 19, piston 185 goes from part to part traversed by an electrolyte line 186 and has a cover 187 while a spring 188 is provided for moving the electrode outwards until the electrolyte pressure is reduced. The device also includes an electrical connection 189 for the electrode, the electrode 191 having a head 192. An outflow opening 190 is provided in the cover 187, to allow movement of piston 185 when electrolyte pressure is applied to it Piston is exerted.

Referring to Figs. 20 and 21 'which show another embodiment for internal machining of a part W shows, the latter, which bears the reference numeral 201, is rearranged to

BATH ORIGINAL

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909Ö9B / 117 3

to be rotated by the lathe; in this embodiment, a cam 214 with a plurality of projections 215 rotated in a controlled manner by a shaft 216 in rotation. The machine shown has a bank 202 with a feed line 203 for the electrolyte which are pre-bonded with passages 205 in a sleeve 204.

Electrical cones 207 are connected to electrodes 206 by means of poles 208, 209. The electrodes 206 have heads 211 and passages 212 for the electrolyte, and are provided with openings 215, those with passages 205 and the sleeve 204 and with passages 112 for the electrodes in FIG Connected. The electrodes also have elements 217, which are supported by a cam 214 in FIG Engagement is such that these electrodes are displaced outwards, springs 218 being provided are to move the cams inward when the projections 215 are no longer in contact with the elements 217 are located.

In Fig. 22 is a variant of that in Fig. 20 and 21 shown machine, the electrodes 222 heads 219, electrode passages 220, openings

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221 and chambers 223 for the electrolyte. Gamäss- this variant removes the electrodes

222 of the part to be machined due to the electrolyte pressure in the chamber 225, when the projections 215 of the cam are no longer in contact with the inner ends of the electrodes 222 are located.

In Pig. 23 an electrode 224 is shown which is intended to machine the inner surfaces of a part V /. The electrode 224 has a receiving opening 225, which is connected to passages 226, so as to allow circulation of the electrolyte to allow the space between the electrodes and the one to be machined Part is provided. As shown in Figure 24, the electrode 224 has a lateral frustoconical shape Surface 230 and is rounded at its end 231 in such a way that it is the inner surface of the part W to be machined. It should be noted that when the side parts 230 of the electrode 224 were extended inward, they would be the center of the axis of rotation of the part were encountered. This rule can also be used as a manufacturing reference or as a guide for the designer be viewed, as has already been done in connection with the description of FIGS is mentioned. The electrode 224 has three sections 227, 228 and 229, which are intended

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3ind _f a part to be edited, which is a profile
having projections. As already explained
is, the deepest cutting zone 227 has the largest size, the cutting zone 228 being somewhat narrower, while the cutting zone 229 has a minimal size.

Expectations

9 0 9 8 8 6/1178

Claims (1)

1., ι device for electrolyte processing a surface -a nicli rotating workpiece, which is electrically conductive and Is electrolytically erodible, gekeniiseictaxet by combining the following luexianales an arrangement for supporting the 'workpiece (V) and driving in a ^ rotary movement by one Center axis, a slectrode arrangement (11, .24) their J-working surfaces. (50) electrically conductive are and the electrodes (24) and a support arrangement üir the electrodes along a Circular path around the central axis of rotation of the workpiece (V /.), Whereby the electrodes (24) are arranged radially and at a distance from one another, furthermore a device for optional / iron radial Displacement of the electrodes through which they approximate the axis of rotation of the workpiece (W) or can be removed from this and the desired working gap can be set »v / obei the size of each working surface (50) of the electrode (24) expressed in terms of angular movement of the rotating "" piece is less than about 2 ° of arc and not more than about 60 ° of this arc, and the arrangement in addition, a device for feeding an electrolyte (37, 38, 39 »41) into the latter Working gap and through this working gap, ^: 'BAD OR ^- JGiMAL . 43. 909086/1) 78 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire working surface (50) of the electrodes is not larger than about 10 yo of the surface of the workpiece (V /) to be machined. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire working surface (50) of the electrodes is not larger than about 90 ^c / o of the surface of the workpiece (W) to be machined. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the side walls of each electrode (24) lies in a plane which, in a correspondingly extended manner, meets the axis of rotation of the workpiece (V » ^r ) to be machined. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyte by the working gap under the superatmospheric Pressure is pumped. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for optional radial displacement of the electrodes (24) an annular housing (25) with a Includes arrangement of guide grooves (34) in which the electrodes (24) lie and also includes an actuator assembly, which is connected to the electrodes and slidable against the housing (25). 909886/1178 " BATH ORIGINAL 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuating arrangement is a Piston and cylinder arrangement (IO4 / 1O3) and an arrangement includes the one for applying the electrolyte source to the piston (1O8) connects. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the electrodes (24) has a shoe (117) forming head (115) in the height of the working end part the electrode on / eist, and the shoe a supply chamber (119) for electrolyte forms, which onv / eist a work surface with an irregular formation, which by a Wiond this chamber is formed, the Work surface by more or less of the school: with variable heights more or more fewer protruding segments is formed, _ which have a number of outlet openings (123) that extend between the work surface and the chamber, v / obei the dimensions and the distribution of the outlet openings (123) and the size of the segments are selected such that that an effective discharge of the electrolyte from the chamber (119) is achieved. 9. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized that each of the electrodes (24) has a head (125) forming a shoe (129) which forms a supply chamber for electrolyte (128) and an arcuate one The work surface on a wall surface of this chamber has a number of longitudinal slots (127), which at a distance of- 909886/1178 baq orkW ' - 45 - 1339284 lie against each other and extend from the work surface into the chamber (128), and likewise a number of hats (132) in the work surface adjacent to the treasures has to the distribution of the electrolyte over the work surface (126) after At & reten aus the chamber (128) and through the To allow slots (127). 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for Radial displacement of the electrodes (57) an ITock (81), a gear drive (72,73), a Device for connecting the electrode to the gear drive and a drive device for the pinion (72,73) as well as an arrangement for the transmission of its rotary movement in a radial movement of the electrodes includes 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrode arrangement includes a base element (12, 14), and a support housing (25) fixedly mounted on this base element with a number of guide grooves (34) for the electrodes (24) including their radial displacement against the central axis, an ijittriebsorgan (23) on the base element sur Actuating a relative movement against the base element (14) and the housing oid elnsckliesst along the central axis , the drive element (23) being connected to the electrodes (24) in such a way that its BATH ORIGINAL 1939294 Movement along the axes in a cadial motion the electrodes lying in the guide grooves (34) are transferred, and further characterized by one connected to the drive member (23) Arrangement (43> 45 »46) for the optional displacement of the drive member along the Central axis through which the electrodes (24) radially and optionally in terms of a distance or an approach against the axis. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (139) inside of the workpiece (133) to be machined. 13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the displacement device through the R & dialverschiebüig the Eiektroden (139) a Konisbhes Elecent (I5i) sit an arrangement of hats {155) zim. Support the electrodes C159 / eir.schliesst and an arrangement (150 - "52) is provided, -that a shift of the rXektroasn in Bielittuig parallel to the .ishse des Jr-.j;, i «i.iDC;» ~ c: _i. ^ - _t -, '.-._' 5., ϊ:; λ, ί ', -:. ^; -4S ₁ SjUCi-ULiS-JS ^ Q BAD ORfGiWAL move in the sense of a distance or approach against the central axis. 15. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that a surface of the conical element (166) for the radial displacement of electrodes (161) act in one direction, while a supply device for electrolyte (I64) under pressure and an arrangement S ¹ Jr utilization of the Electrolyte pressure is provided for radial displacement of the electrodes (161) in the other direction. 16. The device according to claim 7 and 12, characterized in that the arrangement for applying the piston (104) includes elastic elements in one direction. 17. The device according to claim 7 or 12, characterized in that the actuating arrangement includes a! curl (214). 13. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that a device is provided to make the actuator assembly in abutment on the crouch (214) by the Maintain electrolyte pressure. 19. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that an arrangement is provided is to the actuating device in abutment on the cam (214) by an elastic To hold element (218). 909B86 / 1178 BATH ORIGINAL -48- 1939294 20. Method for actuating the device according to Claim 1 for an electrolytic machining Part, characterized in that the part (W) utn is set in rotation and a fixed axis at the same time an arrangement of hollow electrodes (24) leads in the direction of the axis, the electrodes Work surfaces (5o) that are at a distance of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.1 now before the one to be machined Surface can be arranged so that they delimit a narrow working space, and feed openings (123) Have the electrolyte on their working surfaces that the electrolyte is under pressure through the electrodes circulates so that it flows through these work spaces, and that a high density electrolyte flow and low voltage flows between the electrodes and the part in a sense that the part is anodic. 909886/1 178