DE1921452A1 - Process for the continuous, rapid dyeing of textile materials as well as a device for carrying out such a process - Google Patents

Description

Düsseldorf, April 25, 1969

Julius Hermes

Martinsville, Virginia, USA .

Process for the continuous, rapid dyeing of textile materials as well as a device for carrying out such a process

The present invention relates to a method for the continuous, rapid dyeing of textile materials as well as a device that is used in a special way to carry out a suitable for such a procedure.

Those skilled in the art of dyeing technology are familiar with Variety of processes for continuous dyeing of textile materials, especially in web form, known so that he the Simplicity of the methods described below and the advantages of the simple and explained in connection therewith easily recognizes comparatively cheap device for carrying out such dyeing processes.

It is generally clear that the currently applied Processes for continuous coloring are only suitable for certain types of synthetic materials, for others synthetic ones Materials or textiles made from natural fibers, on the other hand, are worthless. For example, the so-called "Thermosol" process and the apparatus for carrying it out this method is only used for synthetic fibers, where the effects of heat cause the dye to migrate into the fiber.

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can be. Therefore, the "Thermosol" process is mostly used for Texti! Materials made of polyester are used, with its use is only possible in connection with disperse dyes. Such disperse dyes are capable of starting from a coating to diffuse into the polyester material. If here and elsewhere in the description or claims of polyester the question is, it generally includes the conventional polyethylene terephthalate to understand that can then be modified further in a manner known per se,

According to another known dyeing process, the textile material or a textile film penetrated by a solution of certain suitable dyes and then exposed to the action of steam. This steam treatment requires a relatively long time, and it is easy to see that steam chambers are relatively large dimensions are necessary if production is to be carried out on a significant scale. This also applies in particular to, for example the case where a 4.5 to 5 m wide carpet is to be dyed using one of the aforementioned methods.

In practice it has also been shown that considerable difficulties arise from an uneven distribution of the color result across the width of the material. Such a defect occurs with the continuous dyeing of a 4.5 to 5 m wide carpet, as mentioned before, to a particularly great extent in appearance. With the known methods suitable for continuous coloring it is very difficult to achieve dark, full tones of satisfactory quality. Another difficulty is Continuous dyeing of textile materials made from mixtures consist of various synthetic or natural fibers. As the description below will show, these Difficulties with the method according to the invention and the device particularly suitable for carrying out this method remove.

For example, it has been found that corresponding to the same Applicant's U.S. Patent No. 2,938,811, dated May 31, 1960

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treated polyester materials can conveniently be dyed continuously and rapidly in an aqueous dye bath, whichever is suitable Contains dye and certain swelling agents for the polyester material. It was also found that the Borrowed dyeing time needs to be only 10 seconds to be full of the To obtain dye-permeated products. For very dark ones. Colorings, however, it can be advantageous to use this coloring time somewhat to extend. It has been found that a good deep black requires a season of only 40 seconds.

In order to obtain a short dyeing time for polyester materials, a suitable swelling substance must be used in conjunction with the aqueous dyeing bath be used. Tests carried out showed phenolic compounds, resorcinol, dibenzyl ether emulsions, benzyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol emulsions as suitable swelling substances, although this list does not claim to be exhaustive.

The best results were obtained with benzyl alcohol as the source for polyester textile materials.

Example: A winding of polyester thread was, after pretreatment according to the method of US Pat. No. 2,938,811, 10 see dyed for a long time at boiling temperature in a dyebath containing the following ingredients:

3
500 cm of water

1 g Igepon T (dispersion substance) Ig CI. Dispersion red 55.

A light red was obtained as the coloring result.

When 5% benzyl alcohol was added to the same dyebath, a further lap of the same polyester thread resulted in underneath under the same conditions as mentioned above, a dark, full red coloration. It was entirely based on the use of Phenolic compounds as raw materials for polyester materials

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draws, as these have an adverse effect on the color fastness and / or resistance or the like. These adverse effects arising from the fact <let the phenolic compounds are difficult to eliminate by heating the polyester material during the _r At the end of the actual coloring operation takes place, the final drying to very high temperatures of about 195 ° C. On the other hand, if all traces are not removed, the lightfastness will be impaired. Apart from this disadvantageous effect on the polyester material itself, one of the most disruptive further consequences of the use of these phenolic compounds can be seen in the pollution of the runoff water carrying these phenolic compounds, which then ultimately also pollutes the rivers or lakes fed by them.

According to a further example, a according to the method winding pretreated according to US Pat. No. 2,938,811 Polyester thread treated at boiling temperature for 10 seconds in a dyebath containing the following components:

500 3
cm water 55. 1 G Igepon T 25th g. Resorcinol 1 S. C. I. Disperse Red

This coloration turned out to be considerably darker than the coloration described above without swelling agent, but not as dark as the coloration with benzyl alcohol as a swelling agent.

As another example, according to the procedure of US Patent 2,938,811 pretreated wound polyester thread under the same conditions as above dyed in a dye bath ge ·, having the following components:

470 cm of water 3

25 cm dibenzyl ether

β g emulsifier (Lyogen CW-40, one of

Ethylene oxide condensate produced by Sandoz)

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Ig C.I. Disperse Red 55.

This coloring led to the same result with regard to the depth of color like staining with benzyl alcohol. Although dibenzylether . much cheaper than benzyl alcohol, so is its use to give preference to benzyl alcohol insofar as it can be handled with greater ease. Because dibenzyl ether is water-insoluble, its removal from the polyester material proves to be very difficult, if not a further one Emulsifier is used.

It was also found that textile materials or products made from polyacrylonitrile fibers such as Orion (R), Acrilan (R) or Lucite (R) can be quickly and continuously brought to full, dark shades within νοκι seconds. A swelling substance was used for the acrylic material in order to accelerate the dyeing process. It was found that among the various swelling substances examined, propylene carbonate and dipropylene carbonate are the most suitable swelling substances for aeryl materials. Dipropylenearboaat is to be given preference because of its great thermal stability. The Dipropylencarbonat is used in the form of an aqueous solution "It has been observed that the propylene carbonate, especially if the dye bath is acidified, tends to be very fast s, n a @ rfallen uad thus as intense source material for Ae ^ ytesterialiea to its effect lose. Therefore, if you want to use Propyleacarbonat _s so the acrylic is textile material bet voraugsvjeise lauißteraperatcr wit impregnated a propylene carbonate containing iSsuBq and daan the impregnated textile material? Ilawiffkaag vea Barapf

one. Vioitesm * example vwcüe sin aictesl Orion threads

10 see long at Sieöetcnipo ^ atss ³ in c £ b © e SEs? B®bad colored, the following © components a? Sf?.? Toeg

50 em ⁰ * Bi propylene carbonate Ig Co I, basic red 14 «

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A full, bright red was obtained as the coloring result. Authenticity tests that are relevant for this dyeing Standards made showed the same properties in terms of authenticity as for Orion, which in conventional Way had been dyed to the same shade and with the same dye.

It has also been found that increasing the dyeing time proportionally reduces the amount of dipropylene carbonate required could be. For example, an Orion wrap was 20 seconds long dyed at boiling point in a dyebath with the following composition:

475 cm of water

3
25 cm dipropylene carbonate

Ig CI. Basic red 14.

This coloring agreed with the coloring obtained in accordance with the preceding example in all points, including cter Authenticity properties, match *

For light and pastel tones, the Senge aa Dipropylemcarlbo = - nat can be further reduced. In practice, the proportion does not need aa Dipropylenearbonat in the aqueous dyeing solution itself fte dark shades 10% About walkway, but to the zn de amount of Dipropylenearbonat »£ βϋΐ on 1O% limited because the exact concentration ia Eins3lfn.il in © economic borrowed considerations depends ·

It was observed further that connection with the coloring van wool the same gttsistigess fluctuations aasitfot materials as in the dyeing of Aery * AuS before, the Dipropylencarbonaf geaaii to the wool © imwiMst "It has not yet v fully understood;! Srden _P jedtoela © ι must obviously exercisable a swelling effect on the wool © ^, s® that the dye rapidly in the fiber penetrate karni.

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As an example, a wool wrap was at the boiling point for 20 seconds the following components colored:

450 cm water 50 cm Dipropylene carbonate 1 ff C. I. Acid Blue 25.

The result was a coloration with a full, deep shade of blue. These
Dye exhibited the same properties in terms of fastness
like a pattern dyed in a conventional manner with the same dye to the same shade.

Next, a wool wrap was 20 seconds long at the boiling point with a Dyed pre-metallized acidic dye in a dyebath containing the following ingredients:

3
450 cm of water

3
50 cm dipropylene carbonate

Ig CI. Acid Brown 45.

The resulting dyeing was a full, reddish-brown shade of good quality which had the same fastness properties such as a pattern which has been conventionally dyed with the same dye to the same hue.

It was further found that by making a dyebath with a mixture of benzyl alcohol and dipropylene carbonate and
by using a suitable dye having an affinity for both wool and nylon, dyeing of the two types of fibers with perfect bonding could be achieved.

Example: A lap of wool and a lap of wool were made
Nylon (type 6) at the same time for 20 seconds at the boiling point in one
Dyed dyebath containing the following ingredients:

425 cm of water 3

25 cm of benzyl alcohol 909847/1020

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50 cm dipropylene carbonate Ig C. I. Acid red 88.

As a result, deep red coloration was obtained which both had the same shade depth for the wool and for the nylon.

It was also found that a textile material pretreated in accordance with the method of US Pat. No. 2,938,811 wool and polyester can be dyed with the same color in the same dye bath.

Example: One according to the method of the US patent specification 2,938,811 pretreated fabric made of 55% wool and 45% polyester was dyed for 20 seconds at the boiling point in a dye bath which had the following components:

425 cm S. water (for the Fär
exercise of wool) 25th cm Benzyl alcohol 17 (for the
Coloring of the
Polyester). 50 cm Dipropylene carbonate 0.25 G C. I. Acid Violet 12 1 C. I. Disperses Violet

The result of this dyeing process was a bluish red with an excellent bond of the dye with the wool and the Polyester.

Example: A roll made of wool and a roll made of acrylic material such as Orion (R) became 20 seconds long at the boiling point at the same time dyed in a dye bath containing the following ingredients:

3
450 cm of water

50 cm dipropylene carbonate

0.5 g CI. Acid Blue 15 (for the wool) 0.2 g CI. Basic blue 22 (for the Orloij)

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A dyeing with a bright blue shade was obtained, which bonded well with the wool and the Orion (R).

In order to achieve particularly good results when using the above-described To achieve method, can in a further embodiment of the invention a device as described below can be used.

In order for a perfect, flawless dyeing to be achieved, it is necessary to distinguish between the dye in the dye bath and that of the Textile material absorbed dye to establish a balance.

In all continuously working staining devices where the dye is eaten in the dyebath, the dye is removed faster than subsequent delivery. This defect leads to streaky and uneven coloring.

The device according to the invention is based on the principle that the dyeing liquid runs at a much higher speed than the material to be dyed and thereby in the same direction as the au frebseade material through the device au leitea _o As a result of the relatively higher speed with the material fenden coloring liquid wiffd © s possible _? Add sufficient dye to maintain equilibrium as the material passes through the dyeing apparatus. Preferably, there is always weaigsteas in elea areas of the device in which the Eigeatlieli © coloring takes place, © ia gustand turbulent flow © iag © lsalt @ n _o

Di © aiigofeörig © ^ © ieiiBuag v / oi-amsefeaislMit cniaG Ffi ^ ibesrorriehtung, the iiasfo © s © Endar © for the fo ^ tlaufead © Ki ^ & iiBg y <a ~ a. f © ppichteahnen betffäehtliefeer Breit® is designed ₀ BGosiG0. ^ - i2g © aslitet can this device according to the iFfiadnag bMqf ®h®R & ® for the reception of less bulky bodies vri © lleidc? ceSss? Be constructed.

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In the schematic and showing a vertical partial section Drawing is designated with 2 a funnel-shaped container, which is used to hold the heated dye liquid, the runs through the dyeing device in the same direction as the textile material. The funnel-shaped container 2 tapers to a stiffener 4 of relatively narrow cross-section, where a chamber 6 connects, which can be seen from the drawing have an arcuate course and thus consist of two U-shaped, consecutively connected section can exist, which then form the actual treatment chamber through which the textile material to be dyed migrated along a path

At its top, the funnel-shaped container 2 is closed by a removable cover 3, which is fitted into the funnel-shaped container 2 and has two lips 10 made of Teflon (R), through which the wide T®ppichbaha or other © textile materials enter the dyeing device © . The lips made of Teflon (R) are thin , because the dye liquid running through the device protrudes upwards over the cover S »

The width of point 4, the tatsäelilisli about the fora © ines Has slot, can with a practical Äusfü-hra & gsbeispiel be about 2.5 cm *

The textile material to be dyed; ibsäspielsweifs © Θϊη © © twa 4,5 to

5 m wide carpet fabric I ^ is cfci? © ä the Teflon (l} ~ Mpp © m 10 in the dyeing device elsgefiifcrS ₃ runs there in tung and around the underside ai? Lc ^ sg®sir @ cttQ ^ M - through the others SchesS; ©! Der Ε @ Ιτ & ηά1ηηΕΒΐΊ, ει- & Β.® ^ & _s where they pass in a similar way »ie -Hi © Fli! Ii ⁹ aHgs? / Als3CD 1 <Q?; Eit®ff @ filling rollers 16 and 18» 3i © Teppiefafoaha 12 teu _e © isa aoderer Texti! Body wanders dana is upward riöfetumg dus'ch the last, open leg of the.? EaliandlungslsaiaHer S out of the chamber

6 between two pressure rollers 20 _? which are used for this, for a perfect guidance of the TejitilmaSs-ffiais through the device, also for a separation of the liquid, aa the treated

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To ensure textile material adhering dye liquid.

In addition to the pressure rollers 20, in the vicinity of these pressure rollers Knife-like air locks (not shown) arranged be that blow cold or hot air onto the emerging textile material and thus contribute to further excess dye liquid to be driven out of the dyed textile material.

The width of the horizontal cross-section of the various legs chamber 6 may preferably be the same as that of site 4, i.e. about 2.5 cm. This remains with the coloring a carpet or other textile material about 1.2 to 1.3 cm thick on both sides of the carpet or another Textile material as it passes through the dyeing device about 0.6 to 0.7 cm for the proper circulation of the heated Coloring liquid free. The total length of the treatment chamber 6 can be about 6 - 7 m.

The piping system for the hot dye liquid 22 has a pair Lines 24 for the supply of the hot dye liquid in the upper Area of the funnel-shaped container 2 from a collecting line 26 on. The hot dye liquid reaches the collecting line 26 Via a pipe 28 which is connected to a pump 30 at its end remote from the line 26. This pump is preferably designed as a high-speed circulating pump that draws the hot dye liquid from a heater 32 promotes. The circulating dye liquid enters the heater 32 via a suitable metering pump 34, which is controlled by a Collection tank 36 is fed from. Via an input line 38, additional or treatment dye liquid can be added as required may be added depending on a conventional float control 40. The at the outlet end reaches the collecting container 36 the treatment chamber 6 overflowing dye liquid Lines 42, 44 and 46. The upper end of the last leg of the chamber 6 of the staining device can be sufficiently above of the normal level of the coloring liquid in it, to ensure proper circulation of the hot. To facilitate staining liquid.

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When operating the dyeing device according to the invention, the guide rollers 14, 16 and 18 and the pressure rollers 20 (via conventional, means not shown) driven in a force-locking manner in such a way that any tension in the carpet or carpet to be dyed. other textile materials to be dyed lengthways on one Mini space is kept. That is, the relative speeds of the rollers or the rollers are coordinated so that the path of the Carpet web to be dyed between the successive rollers or roles has essentially the course of a straight line, while avoiding that the textile material is subject to excessive tension.

By increasing or decreasing the speed of the high-speed liquid circulation pump 30 it is possible in a simple manner, the speed with which the liquid in the funnel-shaped container 2 flows in, and thus also to increase the speed at which the liquid flows through the dyeing device itself or lower it. In this way, the hot dye liquid is caused to pass the device at a linear speed runs through, which is a predetermined multiple of the carpet to be dyed or another textile material. For example, if the carpet web is passed through the dyeing device at an assumed speed of around 20 m / min, in this way it is possible in a simple manner, by suitable setting of the pumps 30 and 34, to achieve a total rotational speed the hot dye liquid through the device of about 200 m (linear) / min. By running along the hot dye liquid with in relation to the forf movement speed The high speed carpet web creates a highly turbulent flow for the liquid Condition that ensures thorough penetration of the hot dye solution into and through the textile material. As a result of this proportionately high linear flow rate of the hot dyeing liquid it becomes very easy to find a balance between the dye in the fast moving dyebath and the dye picked up by the slower moving carpet web. Good results can be achieved, for example,

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when the carpet web or another textile material at speeds is moved from about 9 to 55 m / min. The relative linear velocities of hot dye circulation ■ liquid that flows through the device in the same direction lie - measured at the points of the narrowest cross-section (i.e., in the vertical areas) the legs of the chamber 6 about two to ten times higher than the speed of the textile material.

Although the preferred temperature in dyeing for the aqueous Dyebath is at or near the boiling point, if desired somewhat lower temperatures can also be used, in which case somewhat less favorable results are achieved. So you can go down to temperatures of about 78 - 80 ° C for the aqueous dye bath, if this is desired. In general however, preference should be given to temperatures at or near the boiling point, i.e. in the range from about 86 - 100 ° C.

Claims;

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Claims (12)

Claims j 1.) A method for the rapid dyeing of textile materials at elevated temperatures by means of a dye solution containing an aqueous solution of a suitable dye , characterized in that the dye solution is an aqueous solution containing the dye and at least one of the following compounds is used as the fuel: benzyl alcohol, propyl carbonate and dipropylene carbonate is used. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by its use for nylon, polyester, an acrylic or wool as Textile material. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the swelling substance is benzyl alcohol is used, characterized by its use for the dyeing of polyester as a textile material, 4. The method according to claim I ₁ in which benzyl alcohol is used as the swelling substance, characterized by its use for dyeing nylon as a textile material. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the swelling substance dipropylene carbonate serves, characterized by its use for an acrylic fabric as a textile material. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized by its for the coloring of a test !! mixture of natural fibers and synthetic fiber. 7. The method according to claim 6, in which a swelling substance made of dipropylene carbonate and benzyl alcohol through its use for a "Gemiscli" made of wool and one another Polyester material as a textile material. 8. The method according to claim 6, feei the swelling substance is a mixture made of dipropylene carbonate and benzyl alcohol S 0 3 3 ^; ₅ ^ ^/ 1 0 2 0 192U52 through its use for a mixture of wool and nylon as a textile material. 9. Device for carrying out a method according to one or several of claims 1-8, in particular for coloring sheet-like textile materials of great width, marked by an elongated treatment chamber (6) with an arcuate passageway for the textile material and a heated one Dye liquid in the same direction as the textile material to be dyed and in intimate contact with it through the treatment chamber (6) conveying line system (24-46) and in that the line system (24-46) at least a pump (30; 34) which allows the staining solution to flow through the staining device at a rate that is at least is a multiple of the speed at which the textile material to be dyed passes through the device. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the pump (30 | 34) has a rotational speed at which the hot dyeing solution flows through the dyeing device at a rate necessary to achieve a turbulent flow condition sufficient. 11. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the treatment chamber (6) has a passage of relatively narrow cross-section, which is only a relatively small one between the chamber wall and the textile material to be dyed Leaves space through which the hot dye solution puts the device in intimate contact with both sides of the dye to be dyed Can flow through textile material. 12. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the pump (30; 34) has a rotational speed at which the hot staining solution flows through the staining device at a speed that is about two to ten times as great as is the speed at which the textile material subjected to the dyeing treatment passes through the device. 909847/1020 Blank page