DE1919249A1 - Device for the non-cutting machining of toothed wheels - Google Patents

Description

Device for the non-cutting machining of gears

The invention relates to a device for non-cutting machining of gears by rolling the workpiece on a gear-like or rack-like tool.

The purpose of such machining is to tooth the workpiece To bring as precisely as possible to a predetermined level, while providing the surface of the tooth flanks with the highest possible quality and also to compact the surface of the tooth flanks.

The invention goes beyond the above-mentioned requirements special task based on shortening the working hours. Furthermore, the tool should wear out little, so that it is only replaced in long periods needs to become; the tool should therefore process as many workpieces as possible before it has to be replaced.

The object underlying the invention is achieved in that the Tool executes a longitudinal feed relative to the workpiece, the direction of which lies in a plane that is parallel to that of the two pitch circles of tool and workpiece tangent through the contact point of the rolling circles, whereby the smallest axial distance that occurs between the tool and the workpiece is dimensioned in such a way that that a pressure component directed radially towards the tool and workpiece occurs. When the feed direction according to the invention is for the drive of the advance to apply a relatively small force, while the radial force is essentially absorbed by support elements for the tool and workpiece.

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According to the invention, the machine works expediently in such a way that the longitudinal advance of the tool relative to the workpiece extends from a state in which the workpiece and tool front teeth are engaged, via a backlash-free engagement exerting a radial pressure, into a state in which the teeth are in a loose engagement the states of the loose single grip on the one hand or on both sides of the workpiece and the tool can be. The machine can work in such a way that the longitudinal feed is only '. ^c ; executes or one or more reciprocations.

The workpiece can only be used on the device according to the invention machined in a longitudinal feed or one or more reciprocating longitudinal feeds without intermediate depth infeed will. According to the invention, however, depth infeeds can also be provided are expediently in such a way that during at least one ad- " stand of the loose engagement one the Ajhs distance between workpiece and Tool-changing depth infeed takes place.

The basic concept of the device according to the invention is designed in such a way that the axes of the workpiece and the tool lie parallel. The device can, however, also be designed in such a way that the axes of the workpiece and the tool cross at a distance with an axis crossing angle that is less than 3. This results in a small longitudinal sliding of the tool tooth flank relative to the workpiece tooth flank, which, unlike gear scraping, is not intended to remove chips or, in contrast to gear lapping, to remove material from the workpiece by abrasion.

Of particular advantage and therefore of particular importance is the use of a gear-like tool, the tooth flanks of which with a number

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Grooves are provided which reduce the surface area of the tooth flanks so that a ¹ ! ¹ given contact pressure the surface pressure in relation to the surface prevention by uninterrupted flanks increases int. possible to make the whole l'ianchine or device easier to air. the well-known Ma ^ chim.-n and devices for the non-cutting machining of 7.-himrnd'-rn. According to the invention, differently designed tools can be used on the device depending on the intended use. Thus, a tool for a device according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the grooves on the successive teeth of the tool are arranged in parallel planes which are perpendicular to the axis of the tool. Such a shape of the tool is particularly advantageous, that the grooves are staggered on the successive teeth of the tool. Derived from this, there is a further advantageous embodiment, which consists in that the grooves are arranged following helical lines on the successive teeth of the tool.

Particularly important features of the invention are that the longitudinal feed is directed at right angles to the workpiece axis or that the longitudinal feed is directed at right angles to the tool axis, which is equivalent to if the axes of the workpiece and the tool are parallel, which makes a difference if there is a small cross-axis angle between the two axes is available.

In particular for the tool shape mentioned above, in which the grooves are arranged one behind the other in planes can be an embodiment according to of the invention be of importance, which is that the direction of the longitudinal feed. '? at right angles to the axis of the tool in one Angle is inclined, the cathets of which are formed from approximately the width a groove or a little more and the proportion of the circumference of the tool over

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a certain number of teeth. So while normally after the Invention of the longitudinal feed is directed at right angles to the tool axis, according to this embodiment of the invention, the direction of the Longitudinal feed depending on the design of the tool from the right angle from, although no noteworthy chips should be removed. '

The invention deliberately dispenses with a Spanabnahrae. The tool can - And in some embodiments of the invention - the tool εο designed be that the edges formed by the tool tooth flanks and the walls of the grooves are blunt. ·

With the invention, an extremely short machining time for fine machining becomes achieved by gears. This advantage only comes into its own then! even if the so-called loss times are small. Therefore a process is of great importance for the invention, which proceeds as follows: that the workpiece is clamped on one side of the plane passing through the axes of the workpiece and the tool and during a return movement of the Longitudinal feed ^ is unclamped in this starting position. This method can be carried out with a machine in which the machine frame is in the direction of the longitudinal advance of the tool or workpiece supporting sled is lying or next to it. A portal design, in which the machine frame is arranged on both sides of the slide, is also favorable is. Since the loading and unloading of the machine is of great importance in the short processing time, a Such design of the machine may be of importance in the case of the tool is above the workpiece and the machine is accessible from above.

The depth infeed is not only necessary, as described above to go to the reversal points of the longitudinal feed. "With regard to the

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In accordance with the invention, the machine can also work in such a way that that between the end points (reversal points) of the longitudinal feed at least a depth infeed that changes the center distance between the workpiece and the tool is carried out. This configuration is then e.g. Significance if longitudinal feed and depth feed at least over one run simultaneously for a certain period of time, i.e. the depth infeed extends over a certain duration of the longitudinal advance.

Thus with the device according to the invention also conical workpieces can be machined or gears with a rolling cylinder (Spur gear teeth), which are arranged close to a shoulder, can be processed, the invention is further developed to the effect that that the axes of the tool and workpiece can be inclined to one another, that when machining at least one of the two elements has a conical Have or can process rolling elements (ligO U-.4

Furthermore, the Üürfindung can be expanded to the effect that the rolling elements of the tool is concave or convex, or that the Teeth of the tool in the longitudinal direction concave or convex curved tooth flaps have »so that workpieces are convex or concave Teeth that are machinable.

In order to be able to set an optimal rolling speed ^ the invention can be developed by a change gear in the drive for the rolling movement »If, for example, the tool is driven XSt ₁ then the change gear is in the drive for the rotation of the tool» The invention can be further perfected by a change gear in the drive of the longitudinal feed. If a depth infeed is intended, then it is advantageous to use the. To expand the invention so that the longitudinal

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feed executing carriage or the like. Switching elements., -S-.B »Squat and Switches are provided that control the depth infeed. "

It can still aasgeijil.det the device according to the invention. be that the tool or workpiece is stored on a carrier, which is arranged on the machine frame so that it can be swiveled and locked, that with the help of which the tool axis is relative to. -Workshop axis Can be angularly adjusted, creating a universal, insertable Machine results. . ._

Regarding the placement of the machine or device within a machine group or machine line ^ that works automatically and umgrapipiaren the machine according to the invention without Sefesi.erigkeit to be able to, the invention can be further developed to the effect that the displacement of the workpiece or tool wearisfii Slide is adjustable relative to the machine frame or tool, around the position of the workpiece in a loading and unloading device bring suitable location. Further advantages and features of the invention result from the description below.

The invention is based on Ausangebeiepislea with the! Figures 1 to 10 are shown below ** Fig, 1 shows a simplified machine or * device ameli

Finding, partly in the face, Fig. 2 shows, in a simplified manner, the machine or the device

'*' ■ 'by another Ssite _t partly' average Fig. 3 schematically shows the machining of a koniBchem step with conical rolling elements with a ^ ool

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Fig. H shows the machining of a spur gear with cylindri: i: h '; n rolling elements with a tool that has a conical rolling element.

Fig. 3 shows the process of processing a. Spur gear with convex rolling body soon; > This results in regal beefy teeth on the workpiece

Fig. 6 shows schematically the machining of a spur gear with concave spherical rolling element; it is created on the workpiece

Tooth flanks curved concavely in the longitudinal direction. '

Fig. 7 shows the plan view of a tool '> U {- for use on a Machine according to the invention.

Fig. 8 shows schematically the plan view of some teeth of a developed illustrated tool for the invention.

9 shows a schematic plan view of some teeth of another Embodiment of a tool for the invention.

FIG. 10 shows as a detail a section through the blunt edges at i

a tool for the invention.

Figures 1 and 2 show an exemplary embodiment for the invention a machine with a C-shaped machine frame 10, in the upper overhang 11 of which a gear-like tool 12 is mounted. The tool is exchangeable in a known manner on a rotatable tool spindle 13 added. The tool spindle is mounted in a tool carrier 100 which can be pivoted and locked on the overhang 11 about a pivot axis 101 is arranged. The tool is powered by a motor i "f

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a change gear 15, a shaft 102, a bevel gear 103, a in the pivot axis 101 lying shaft 10 ^, a pair of spur gears 105, one Shaft 1O6, a bevel gear pair 107 and the tool spindle 13 are driven.

A slide guide 17 is provided on the middle part 16 of the machine frame, on which a console 18 changing the distance from the tool is mounted back and forth slidably. The console is with the help of a Threaded spindle 19 on the lower leg 20 of the machine frame in which it is rotatably mounted, supported. There is a feed nut in the console 21 stored, in which the threaded spindle 19 engages. The feed nut is provided on the circumference with a worm gear toothing 22 which meshes with a worm which is hidden in Fig. 1 by the feed nut and is therefore not drawn. The worm sits on a shaft 23a, 23b. The worm shaft or the worm can optionally be powered by a motor 2 * t from a change gear 25 and a clutch, not shown or via a coupling 27 from a square 26 on which a handwheel or the like. can be plugged, be driven. On the console is a slide guide 28 is provided, which by means of a turntable 28a in the console 18 is pivotable and lockable, namely by a Axis that lies parallel or axially to the aforementioned axis 101. A workpiece slide 29 is mounted in the slide guide so as to be longitudinally displaceable. The direction of the displaceability runs at right angles to the direction of movement of the console (double arrow x-x in Fig. 1). The workpiece components is provided with a feed nut 30 into which a feed spindle 31 intervenes. The feed spindle is rotatably mounted in the console and is powered by a motor 32 via a change gear 33 as well Via a shaft 108, a bevel gear pair 109, a shaft 110, the axis of which in which the swivel axis of the turntable lies, another pair of bevel gears

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111, a shaft 112 and drivable via a pair of spur gears 113. The workpiece carriage 29 is provided with one or more cams 3h , which with one or more switches 35 or the like. cooperate. With these control means, the drive of the workpiece slide can be controlled by means of

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Polumachaltern of the motor or by means of a reversing gear, which is expediently combined with the change gear 33, can be reversed. A base plate 10 ^ is arranged on the workpiece carriage, which base plate can be pivoted and locked under certain circumstances about a pin 71. A workpiece table 116 is mounted pivotably about an axis on the base plate with the aid of a bolt II5 or the like, which is directed at right angles to the two aforementioned pivot axes. The selected angle between the base plate 10 ^ and the workpiece table II6 can be fixed with the aid of a holding device. This holding device can, for example, consist of bolts 11? and nuts HS exist. The holding device can be arranged on one side or on both sides of the bolt 11J-.

With the help of adjustable support pieces 36j 37 the workpiece 38 mounted so that it can be clamped and released * In the basic form of the invention, the axis of the workpiece is parallel to the axis of the tool or the tool spindle. .

Also the basic idea of the invention is: the forced feed kO perpendicular to the axes of the workpiece and / or tool and parallel to a plane # 1, which is tangent to the pitch circles of the workpiece and tool in the contact line% 2. This results in high forces directed radially to the workpiece and tool ^ 8, k% with a relatively small feed force in the direction of the arrow * H>, while the dial forces are essentially absorbed by pure supporting forces. The power relations are for the invention, ie for a machine or device

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for the non-cutting shaping of gears from special

If the machining is carried out without depth infeed * runs ä ± & machining

"embedding of fine state of loose engagement of tool and ¥ erfc" stückyerzahnung, for example, in Fig. 2 to the right of the Mifcfcelefcsn «^? nfcer a state on said Mifet-elebene 43 in which there is a play-free engagement and the smallest. Achsahstands most B / eaxfceiturigs & jerk is applied in a state of non-engagement, for example, to the left of the plane k7 (Figure 2) When a plurality of reciprocating and forth movements of the workpiece ~ -. are carriage provided, then example ^ sis-e n each donation or at the time after each end of the stroke, a fiefenZUsfcelEuug ftareit of the preschool ifflutter 21, which - controlled by the JJocken 3% switches 35 ~ caused by the motor 2 ^ t

In the case of non-cutting gear machining according to the fourth invention - 'the actual machining time is so short that the so-called lost times, for example for loading and unloading the machine, require more time than the actual machining time; Therefore, a device designed with regard to loading and unloading and the method carried out by this performance are of the utmost importance is clamped, the slide with the workpiece runs through the tool and at such a speed that all teeth of the workpiece are machined during the state of backlash-free engagement and the smallest teeth of the workpiece

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Midway 47 arrived in a disengaged state, then the workpiece is released from the tailstock tips and is noticeable a drainage channel or is grasped by an unloading device (both not shown) and transported away; meanwhile the workpiece slide is running back to the starting position. When it has got there, a new workpiece can be clamped.

Instead of a going back and forth, a back and forth motion or several back and forth motion ¹ can be carried out by the workpiece slide, whereby these back and forth motion can also be combined with depth infeeds by means of the threaded spindle 19, which preferably begin at the stroke ends of the longitudinal feed or are carried out there will. For the purpose of automatic clamping, one of the tailstocks (e.g. 7) is provided with a hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical clamping device k6 for actuating the quill.

The aforementioned limitation of the angle to be equal to or less than 3 only relates to a cross-axis angle that may be set between the workpiece and the tool, but not to the deviation of the Direction of longitudinal feed from the perpendicular to the two, for example parallel shafts of workpiece and tool. Fig.3 shows schematically an application for the application of the pivotability of the workpiece table around the bolt 115 · In the example in FIG Axis of the workpiece 50 to the axis of the tool 12 so 'inclined that a Spur gear is machined with a conical rolling element (instead of a rolling cylinder). The conical rolling element is noticeable in that on In a certain cylinder running through the teeth, the teeth on one end face have a different thickness than on the other.

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The example in FIG. K is the same device used to machine a spur gear 51, which has a rolling cylinder, with a conical tool, which can be significant if the toothing to be machined without cutting is close to one shoulder 52 is enough.

FIG. 5 schematically shows the machining of a workpiece 53 with convex curved 'rolling element, i.e. a tool with convex crowned teeth with. a tool 12b, which has a concave curved rolling element, so in Has concave curved tooth flanks in the longitudinal direction.

6 shows the machining of a workpiece 54 with a concavely curved Rolling bodies, i.e. with concavely curved. Tooth flanks (the teeth are thicker at the ends than in the middle) "rait a tool with convex curved rolling elements (convex crowned teeth). .

7 shows a tool 12 (similar to 12a, b, c) as it is on the Device according to the invention is used. The tool is a gear made of a material suitable for tools, the teeth of which 62 on the: Flanks 61 are provided with a number of grooves 63. Through these grooves the surface of the flanks is reduced and therefore with a given Contact pressure increases the surface pressure '. *

8 shows schematically an embodiment of a tool 12a according to ..-..-_ ■ of the invention. The grooves 63a are arranged lying on the successive teeth 62 in planes Gh. The planes are at right angles to the axis of the tool. So that no unprocessed edge parts remain on the workpiece tooth flank, the direction hO & of the longitudinal feed should run at an angle to these planes. It is when the direction ¹ J-Oa of the longitudinal feed with the planes 66 forms an angle Gk, whose catheti are advantageously formed from at least the width of the grooves 67 and the portion 68 of the circumference of the tool, of a certain number

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of teeth corresponds. The purpose of this embodiment of the invention is to machine all workpiece flank parts with the effective flank parts. '

Fig. 9 shows another embodiment of the invention. On the consecutive Teeth of the tool 12b, the grooves 63b are staggered arranged so that they follow helical lines 65. Through this Staggering is achieved so that all workpiece flanks are machined by the flank parts 61 of the tool if the longitudinal feed * fOb is at right angles is directed to the tool axis.

10 shows the cross section through a groove 63 on an enlarged scale of a tool according to the invention. In the event that a longitudinal slide the tool flank is present relative to the workpiece flank, are the Groove edges 69 designed to be blunt.

The invention is not related to that shown in FIGS Embodiments of the tool bound.

With the invention, gears are of high tooth quality with a smooth and compacted surface can be machined in an extremely short time, whereby the prerequisite for attaching a device for loading and unloading the machine is given.

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Claims (23)

Carl Hurth Munich, May 28th Machine and gear factory 2503 Lich / Wo Munich 5, Holzstr. 17-27 Λ *) PL 218- Claims j 1)! Device for non-cutting machining of gears by rolling on a gear-like or rack-like tool, thereby. characterized in that the tool (12) performs a longitudinal feed relative to the workpiece (3S), the direction (4o) of which lies in a plane which is parallel to the plane which is tangent to the two rolling circles of Werkseüg and workpiece and which runs through the point of contact of the rolling circles ( 4i), where the smallest axial distance (43) between the tool and the workpiece is dimensioned in such a way that a pressure component (48, ^ 9) directed radially towards the tool and workpiece occurs, which means that a relatively small force has to be used to drive the feed, while the radial force is essentially absorbed by support elements for the tool and workpiece. 2) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal feed (ho) of the tool relative to the workpiece from a state of loose engagement of the workpiece and V / Erkzeugverzahnüng via a radial pressure exerting backlash-free engagement in a state of loose engagement of the gears runs. 3) Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the states of loose engagement are on the same side of workpiece and tool. 4) Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that during at least one state of loose engagement one of the axis -2- 909887/03 11 depth infeed that changes the distance between workpiece and tool he follows. 5) Device according to claim 1, 2, 3 or k, characterized in that the axes of the workpiece ("} ?.) and the tool (38) are parallel. 6) Device according to claim 1, ·? , 3, or k, characterized in that the axes of the workpiece and tool dill cross * uzwinkel with a Uh ;; kri at a distance of less than>is.; - · _-. 7) Device n.-I claim 1, P. , 3, * t., 5 or 6, characterized by di <? Wounds; -.- ines zahnmd.irtig'-n WfrkZ'.mga, of: .en tooth flanks with a nnzahl grooves (63) verschon uin-d, the di · ¹ surface of the tooth flanks vorkl-'inern, so that a g-at . »Give the stimulating force the surface pressure is increased in relation to the flat surface due to uninterrupted flanks. 8) Device according to claim 71, characterized in that the grooves (63a) are arranged on the successive teeth of the tool (12a) in parallel planes (ö '+) which are perpendicular to the axis of the tool. · 9) Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the grooves (12b) are staggered on the successive teeth of the tool (61b). ■ - *. 10) Device according to claim 9i, characterized in that the grooves (63b) on the successive teeth of the tool (12b) are arranged following helical lines (65). 909887/03 11 BATH 11) Device according to claim 1,?, 3, ^, 5 »6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the longitudinal feed is directed at right angles to the workpiece • 'ichfie. 1?) Device according to claim 1, ?. , 3i ^ i 5i 6, 7 »8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the longitudinal feed is directed at right angles to the tool axis. /) Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the direction of the longitudinal feed is inclined to the right angle to the axis of the tool at an angle (66), the legs of which are formed from • - • about dur width (67) of a groove or something more and the proportion (68) doij circumference of the tool over a certain number of teeth. 1 * 0 Device according to claim 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the edges (69) formed by the tool tooth flanks and the walls of the grooves are blunt. 15) Method for a device according to claim 1, 2, 3, ^, 5t 6 »7i 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14, characterized in that the workpiece (38) on one side of the through the Axes of workpiece and tool going plane (41) is clamped and unclamped during a return of the longitudinal feed to this starting position. 16) Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, h, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14, characterized in that between the end points (reversal points) of the longitudinal feed at least one the center distance between The depth infeed that changes the workpiece and the tool is carried out. 17) Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, ^, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, .10, 11, 12, 1>, 14 or 16, characterized in that the axes of the tool (12) 9 0 9 8 8 7/0311. -if. and workpiece (38) can be inclined relative to one another in such a way that during machining at least one of the two elements (12 or J8) can have a conical rolling element or can machine one (FIGS . 3 and h). 18) Device according to claim 7 »8, 9» or 10, characterized in that the rolling element of the tool is curved concave or convex, or that the teeth of the tool have concave or convex curved tooth flanks in the longitudinal direction, so that workpieces with convex or concave crowned teeth are machinable. 19) Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, h _r 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 1A, 16, 17 or 18, characterized by a change gear (55) in drive for the Rolling motion. . 20) Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, ^, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13ι 1V, 16, 17, 18 or 19> characterized by a change gear (33) in the drive of the Longitudinal feed ( ¹ K)). · 21) Device according to claim k, characterized in that on the longitudinal feed executing slide (29) or the like. Switching elements, such as cams (3 **) and switches (35) are provided which control the depth infeed. 22) Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, * f, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 »1 * t ·, 16, 17, 18, 1.9, 20 or 21, thereby characterized in that the tool (12) or workpiece is mounted on a carrier (10O) which is arranged on the machine frame so that it can be swiveled and locked in such a way that the tool axis can be angularly adjusted relative to the workpiece axis with its help. -5- 909887/0311 - * ■ '19132 4 9 " Λ? 23) Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, k, 5, 6, ?, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 _; , 13, 1A ·, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, characterized in that the direction of displacement of the slide (29) carrying the workpiece O8) or the tool is adjustable relative to the machine frame or tool to bring the position of the workpiece into a position suitable for a loading and unloading device. Device and method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 _f 7, 8 _t , -9i 10, 11, 12, 13, 1 ^, 15, 16 »17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 or 2 ?, ^ ek € Knaeichnet by features that are shown in the description ifeschriefeen nnü mi.% desi drawings. - 909887/0311
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