DE1903948A1 - Fabric build-up for deposits - Google Patents

Description

Two-layer fabrics are known, even those which have connecting threads interwoven with the fabric, such as are used, for example, for inflatable mattresses or similar objects. However, there are no known two-layer fabrics with continuous thread connections after the linen weave, which are filled with a filling material, preferably the type of building material, such as poured cement, mortar sludge, cement or the like, or even plastics or foams, there are still no two-layered Known fabrics that have continuous connection threads in which the fabric _; in its finished form is permeable to moisture from a pourable filler, a

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solclien, such as concrete or the like
to let through. Furthermore, the use of such two-layer or even single-layer fabrics is unknown which have a specific weight that is lower than that of the
Water ι to the buoyancy of such fabrics in the water to maintain a canopy-like shape of a fabric arch while filling the same with a natural filler, such as sand, so as to produce sandbanks, sea walls, groynes and similar coastal fortifications.

Areas
In many coastal areas and similar / soil erosion and beach retention are problems because the
Ocean currents and tides continuously remove the natural landings from the beach surfaces. In many cases, such erosion is prevented by driving in piles or the like, or by introducing piles or bodies that have four bearing surfaces into the beach area. However, so far sand walls made according to the known technique have not successfully built sand walls, the sloping wall surfaces of which have an angle greater than 25 with the sea floor.

Other methods of fortifying coastal areas are
has been suggested but none is through use
prefabrication technology is geared towards rapid installation, with the result that sandbanks or similar fastenings of a permanent nature are economically produced.

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The present invention seeks the mentioned and others To eliminate shortcomings of the known two-layer fabric for building purposes and erosion prevention techniques by it creates a two-ply fabric that is continuous with it has interwoven binding threads which are suitable for to include concrete or a similar filler material in itself, and the water drainage of the concrete through itself during the Curing allows different types of bindings to balance the loads and additional reinforcement rods having.

The fabric can be constructed in such a way that it has one or more material walls, for example made of polypropylene »· which has a specific weight that is lower than that of water, so that the buoyancy effect of water tends to keep the fabric floating in the water Two-ply fabric anchored so that it is loose enough to float and take an arcuate shape or shape assume 'then the tissue can be filled with sand or other natural fillers either by pumping it up, or using a fabric loosely enough to permit sand to pass therethrough, then the fabric dome becomes or a similar formation by the natural movement of sand or other natural filler along it Seabed filled · The anchoring devices can fabric tubes filled with concrete, extending lengthways along the edges near the seabed of the dome-shaped fabric

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training are attached. If the fabric surface has two layers, it can be filled with concrete or a similar filler after the dome-shaped construction has been filled with sand, and the component is durable after the concrete has hardened. The fabric material of the dome-shaped formation of objection thickness, concrete or similar Überabdeckun ^ can be used for the dome or the sandbank _f thus formed can be provided.

These same principles, namely the use of materials which have a specific gravity which is less than that of water, around this essentially in water to levitate j, are also used to create Suitable for sea walls where a vertical wall can be formed by an arch of loosely woven fabric, one end of which is anchored to the seabed, whereby sand gradually accumulates against the sea wall, to form a sandbank or similar training Sandbar can then be made permanent by covering it with concrete or some similar fabric, in case there is is desired, receives.

Accordingly, it is the main object of the invention to provide a novel one To create two-ply fabric that has a pair of opposing woven fabric layers that are continuous over woven linen weaves are interconnected., The two-layer fabric is designed so that it is concrete or similar materials can accommodate the creation

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to enable desired shapes.

Another object of the invention is the linen weave at a desired angle with respect to the opposing ones To arrange fabric layers in order to distribute forces and pressures caused by the filling of the two-layer fabric with a appropriate filler material.

It is advantageous that the fabric layers have a desired permeability and have particular specific weights so that a filler material is poured through the tissue walls through, can breathe, and the) tissue rises when it enters a liquid such as water is introduced.

According to the invention, one consisting of a two-layer fabric Component created, the continuously braided connecting threads with respect to the opposite walls at a particular angle, bex the reinforcing rods are embedded in the filler material, which is between the fabric walls is located.

Components are washed away to prevent Strarri created that can essentially be prefabricated, and dio can be easily anchored under water and become one high degree the natural filler of the lueeresboden borrowed to their Use training and once it is set up, a lot can easily be made permanent. There are structures r 'wLrksuuen prevention of coastal erosions created,

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which use buoyant fabrics that run along opposite

I appending pages to create a dome-shaped manure which, once filled with sand, can either be covered or an outer surface section that can be filled with concrete or a similar material to create an artificial sandbank *

It is another object of the invention to provide a sea wall To create an accumulation of natural fillers on it, which can then be covered with a layer of concrete or cement, if desired, and 'on the anchored sea wall a buoyancy attacks to keep it in a vertical plane under the water, while the natural one Filler attaches to it.

According to the invention, a novel method for creating created by structures that prevent washing away of coastal strips, the use of components that essentially are prefabricated and as such are light and complete can be set up on site

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the figures and the description of the preferred embodiment, the drawings and the claims evident.

In the drawings represent;

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Pig. 1 a partial view of a two-ply fabric of the invention in which the continuous linen weave threads are shown running at an angle to the opposing fabric walls f

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged schematic partial view of the two-layer fabric according to FIG. 1, as it appears along the section line II-II of FIG. which represents the appearance of the two-wall fabric when it is filled with concrete or a similar filler ι

Figure 3 is a top plan view of the two-ply fabric according to FIG. 1, in the machine direction along the line III-III of Fig. 1, in which the vertical Arrangement of the angled connection estrange seen from behind, clearly shown is |

FIG. K is a view similar to FIG. 3, but of a two-ply fabric formation in which a plurality of connecting strands are arranged side by side across the machine in order to create a trapezoidal connection or weave construction

FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of a linen weave, which has connecting threads or strands that win k-

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lig are arranged in sicii repeating X-shape, to create connecting strands in ribbon form, which withstands high pressures, the opposite Can separate layers of tissue; the pressures build up by introducing a filler between the facing Gewe.belagen on and it are still arranged between the fabric bulges Reinforcing rods shown between the connecting strands run ^

Figure "6 is a side view of a two-ply tissue in schema'tischer shape similar to that of Fi ^ _1. 2, in which the individual connecting strands are arranged at right angles to the opposing fabric walls;

7 is a side view of a preliminary stage in the formation of the Tissue right Fig. 2 and 5 before the separation of the itself opposite layer of fabric en 5

Fig. 8 is a perspective partial top view of an artificial formed sandbar, which has been formed by a double-walled fabric according to the invention, the fabric tubes filled with concrete as anchoring devices for the fabric during the filling process of the space between the tissues on the ocean floor

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with sand or similar fillers, the double-walled fabric is later with concrete or a similar material between its opposite walls filled, resulting in a durable structure 5

Figure "9 is an enlarged Teilschnittausicht along the line IX-IX of Fig. 8, in which the two-layer fabric according to Fig. 8 is drawn out more clearly '

Fig. 10 is a schematic cross section of a beneath Artificial sandbank located in the water, which has a floating insert fabric, the Pole structure is similar to that in Fi &. $ 8

11 is a cross-sectional view of an underwater located sea wall in schematic form, - the sea wall is due to the buoyancy in held in a vertical position while sand collects around the lower anchored end of the sea wall ·

In Fig. 1 the formation of a two-layer fabric is shown, which bears the reference number 15 and at a distance from one another arranged upper and lower walls or layers and 17 has.

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The upper wall 16 of the formation 15 »as shown, preferably has a loose type of fabric, the fiber material can consist of any suitable material, such as nylon, polyethylene," foamed "polypropylene or" hemmed "nylon, but preferably polyproopy Jen fibers, especially when the fabric 15 is being used under water; should find, applications where it may be desirable to separate the upper layer 16 from the lower layer 17 in the vertical direction.In the latter case, the water exerts a buoyancy on the polypropylene layer 16 , due to the specific weight (0.9 ) of polypropylene compared to that of water (1.0).

The lower wall or layer 17 can be woven more tightly as shown in the event that the porosity of this lower layer is not desirable, e.g. the lower layer is used to hold sand, as shown in Figures 8 and 9 - the fiber material, from which the lower layer 17 is made may be nylon or a similar material. A multitude of connecting strands 18 have bindings of the type of plain weave, the strands 18 are continuous woven into the two-layer fabric 15 and consist of the same material as that of the upper wall or layer .l6e So if the material of the connecting strands exists, which form the upper layer 16, made of polypx> pylene, so consist the connecting strands 18 also made of polypropylene. It can be seen that a large number of connection

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strands 18 between the walls or layers 16 and are provided to equalize stresses and pressures in a manner which will be described below.

2 it can be seen that the strands 18, which are formed in the manner of linen weave, are arranged at angles of 45 between the upper and lower layers 16 and 17 common plane that runs across the machine or across the direction of movement of the fabric during its manufacture this is woven. Furthermore, FIG. 3 shows that the transverse spacing of the downwardly running strands 18, 18 'and 18 "across the machine can / can be changed during the production of the two-layer fabric 15 in order to increase the density of the downwardly running strands, in case it is desired to increase. According to FIG. 2, the three-layer filled 15 with concrete 21. the term "concrete" is intended to include cement, grout, mortar and similar materials. the cement 21 may be between the layers 16 and 17 of the two-layer fabric 15 is pumped in wet form, whereupon it hardens in between. Such pumping results in a high pressure which tends to separate the upper and lower walls or layers 16 and 17 from one another or at least to enlarge their spacing .

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The greater this pressure, which is caused by the pumping in of the concrete 21 originates in the tissue 15, the closer the arrangement should be be the connecting strands 18 «It's protruding it has already been explained that it may be desirable for the upper layer 16 to be less dense than the lower Layer 17 in relation to the weaving, with which the upper layer 16 is more permeable, and a penetration of the

from
Allow moisture or water when the concrete 21 hardens or is poured. In some applications it may be desirable to make the upper and lower layers 16 and 17 sufficiently permeable for this purpose, but in some cases when the fabric 15 is used as a top cover for an artificial sandbar, for example of the type such as As shown in Fig. 8, it is particularly useful to have a dense weave lower fabric surface to hold particles of sand therein, but with the upper fabric layer loosely woven to hold the concrete in, but block the excess cash from passing through β allow·

It should be noted that the filler is not concrete 21 ■ u «a needs · In many cases and applications, the Filler made from any and appropriate atthardenable Synthetic resin or foam, such as polyurethane foam, exist. Regardless of the filler material, foam, synthetic resin, concrete or similar, these must be but have properties to accommodate the connecting strands

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. K may Fig Nacli a plurality of strands 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 aligned side by side and seen in a repeating X-Forni from the side, as shown in Fig. 2, may be linked. The end view of Figure h is particularly illuminating for an embodiment in which several connecting strands 22, 23 »24, 25» operate, each similar to a single connecting strand 18 but in which different strands work together to form a "ribbon-like" bond or to create a path between the spaced apart upper and lower tissue walls 27 and 28.

In Fig. 5, a two-layer fabric 30 is shown which similar to fabric 15 in FIG. 2 i st and that at a distance lower and upper layers 31 and 32 arranged in relation to one another has, which are connected to each other via weft threads or strands 33 and also at angles to the upper and untexeti Wall 31 and 32 are arranged. In the form according to Fig. 5 is a plurality of rods amplification 34, 35 »36 and 37 are provided, which are at a distance from the walls. 31 and 32 are shown arranged and in their Layers held by the crossing connecting strands 33 will. A structure such as that shown at 30 can be used for other purposes after being pre-filled of the fabric 30 with concrete (not shown) or other filler material with iron or steel rods or cables or similar institutions has been strengthened. Such starlings

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can be hollow to connect light or telephone lines, water or Take up steam lines "

In Fig. 6 a further modified embodiment of a two-layer fabric 4O is shown, the upper and lower addictions kl and 42, which are connected via individual or several strands 43, which are arranged between the layers 4l and 42, and essentially run at right angles to the planes of the layers 41 and 42. The strands 43 are formed by the direct linen weave method, when the latter should be desired. The two-layer fabric 40 can also be filled with concrete or similar fillers as desired.

In Fig. 7 there is shown a base weave arrangement 50 which is used to obtain the two-ply fabrics 15 or 30 of Figs small angles with respect to the layers 51 ^and 52 are shown before the separation of the layers 51 and 52 by an amount equal to that of the layers 31 and 32 of FIG Assume the position of the strands 33 of FIG. The strands 53 can be interwoven with different heights of measuring wires 34, depending on the number of intersections of the measuring wires 54 and the height of the measure. The distance between the fabric layers 50 and 51 can be of any desired height in order to obtain the desired layer distance in FIG. A normal distance between layers 3I and 32 would be within

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of the order of 1.2 cm to 60 cm

In Fig. 8 there is shown an artificial sandbar made with is provided with the reference sign 60 and is essentially below the surface 61 of the water 62 on a beach is the one bottom or lower surface 63 made of sand or similar filler material

The bench 60 is suitable for canals, beaches, or similar demarcation, and may have a top portion protruding from the water 62 above surface 61, as shown. The bench 60 is formed by a canopy 6k which is formed from a plurality of sections of two-layer fabric 15 (as shown in FIG. 1) which are sewn together along seams 66 and along opposite longitudinal edges 67 and 68 and which are tubular. comprise shaped tissue from cuts, which are attached thereto by sewing · Such tubular tissue sections are provided with the reference numerals 70 and 71 · at a Xnde the canopy 6k, which is formed by a plurality of fabrics or woven webs I5, check is a Endabdeckuiif; 72, which also has a multitude of fabric sections 73 "which are sewn along seams 7 ^ and along the arcuate edge 75 to the ends of the sections 65 in order to close their ends." At the lowermost end of the end wall "fabric 72 is located tubular fabric formation "Jo, which is sewn along an edge 77, similar to the tubular parts 70 and 71t which are fastened along the: ;; ei tea ?. && Baidachines 6k b * ^j . Thus, can

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the entire tissue body, as shown, prefabricated and transported to its place of use, for example with a boat, from which it can be drained into the water 62 and deposited on the sand surface 63 Filled with filler are the weighted parts to hold the canopy 64 in place.

Due to the material of the Baidachines 64, which is easily

that is more than water, or at least its upper surface 16, the buoyancy effect of the water will tend to shape the baidachines 64 into a generally arcuate one To bring training, as shown in Fig. 8, up to a height of the water surface 6l, in which The canopy fabric remains flat until the interior of the canopy 64 is filled with sand or another similar filler material 78. After the filler material 78 den If the canopy has 64 "trained", the double-layer fabric can 15t as shown in FIG. 9, with concrete or a similar one Fabric between the layers 16 and 17 are filled, the connecting strands 18 are received in it, the water, which is located between layers 16 and I7 expelled by the loosely woven or water-permeable layer 16 as soon as the two-layer fabric is covered with concrete 21 fills. When the concrete 21 sets and the concrete which fills the tubular fabric sections 70, 71 and 76, the sandbar 6O becomes an essentially durable structure. It is evident that the length of the sandbar is 6O after Desire can be formed, due to the fact that the individual fabric strips 65 in any

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Length can be produced. "

Referring to Fig. 10, there is shown a fabric member 80 which is similar to the canopy 64 of Fig. 8 and which has tubular portions 82 and 83 which are sewn or otherwise attached to opposite longitudinal edges, but in which the fabric material between the tubular sections 82 and 83 is a single-ply tape of polypropylene or some other material lighter than water, or even a double-walled fabric may be provided if so desired. In the embodiment according to FIG. 10, the tissue part 80 is drained into the water 84, the tubular sections 82 and 83 coming to lie on the bottom of the beach 85, and the tubular sections 82 are weighted down again, which is caused by pumping up can be done with concrete or another suitable filler. The buoyant effect of the water 84 on the polypropylene or other lightweight strip then allows the strip 81 to assume the shape shown in Figure 10 which is arcuate. The particular weave of the SLreifeiis 81 allows Wasserströmuiigeri, floods, and similar Meeresbewegun _Lj s to carry sand or other natural Bodeiifüllstoffe 86 by the loose tissue of the sheet 81 passes, so that the cavity 87 d.iese gradually fill below the arcuate bottom or canopy when the sand takes on an inverted U shape. If only a temporary bank is desired, the structure can be as shown in FIG. 10 remain, but if a permanent bank is sought,

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/ I

the surface 81 can then be filled with a concrete Two-layer fabric, such as shown in Fig. 2, covered will.

In Fig. 11 a modified construction is shown, namely one for forming a sea wall, in which a sheet 90 of loosely woven polypropylene or some other material which is lighter than water is provided, at the lower end of which a tubular fabric formation 91 is attached is that when it has been filled with concrete or another suitable material and. was deposited on the sea floor 92 below the water 93, the arch 90 anchored in a vertical position, the water exerts a buoyant effect on the arch 90. In addition, another tubular fabric piece $ k can be provided which is attached to the upper end of the arch 90 and can be filled with polystyrene or with other floating bead 95, which also helps to hold the arch 90 in a vertical position , in which in turn "the buoyancy effect of the water on the spheres 95 is used to cause the ear-shaped part 9k to rise in the direction of the water surface 96 * The configuration shown in FIG. 11 is also used during natural currents, floods and similar ocean movements effective in which sand or other natural fillers 97 are carried along the coastal strip 92 so as to deposit them on opposite sides of the arch 90 around the weighted portion 9I) such sand 97 gradually accumulates, ascending as shown, around a sea wall to form that then permanent.

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can thereby be formed, .that it is with a concrete filled two-ply fabric, as in Fig. 2, is covered.

It should be noted that the various tubular Fabric sections 70, 71, 76, 82, 83 and 9I made of nylon or Similar materials can exist, the specific weight of which is not critical.

Should it be desired to have ventilation points in a double layer To have tissue formation, this can be achieved by

-balles

put a hollow rubber or polystyrene between the walls of the fabric can be created so that after the two-ply Tissue has been filled, the BdI must be punctured such an ancestor, creating a hole to attach any ancillary equipment to the concrete for the production of ventilation holes, is much cheaper, than drilling through the concrete.

It is particularly pointed out that an advantageous Meikmal according to the invention lies in the fact that the limiting Length of the downwardly directed threads or connecting strands cause an inflation of the opposing ones Fabric walls while being filled with concrete, whatever

or
prevent the styrene / foamable materials such as polyurethane; the strands also serve the purpose of balancing the forces, d-Le an increase in the distance between the opposing fabric layers.

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to balance tissue forces during its filling

In cases where the alkaline component of the concrete, mortar slurry eto. is high enough to have a slope have with the polypropylene or a similar plastic to react, causing the layer fibers to dissolve, and. especially those of the connecting strands, these strands can or layered fibers or both are made of nylon to prevent disintegration symptoms *

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications the holding devices made of tissue and in the various specific uses of the same illustrated can be made, as well as modifications in your. Assembly and. Use in different environments, but all of these are within the scope of the invention, as expressed by the claims.

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Claims (2)

Patent claims 1. Two-ply fabric, characterized by, a pair opposite fabric layer η with continuous, woven, the strands connecting the fabric layers, the opposing layers having a different permeability exhibit. 2. Two-layer fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that that the opposing layers are made of materials with different specific weights. 3. Two-layer fabric according to claim. 1 and 2, characterized in that at least one of the layers is made of polypropylene or nylon is made " k, two-layer fabric according to claims 1 to 3> characterized in that the layers are kept at a distance from one another with a filler material introduced between the layers. 5 · Two-layer fabric according to claim 4, characterized in that that the filling material is poured between the layers. 6. Two-layer fabric according to claim 5t, characterized in that that the connecting strands in an even arrangement are arranged at acute angles between the layers. 909833/0181 - 22 - BATH ORIGINAL 7 · Two-layer fabric according to. Claim. 6, characterized, that the arrangement of the connecting strands a has repetitive X-shaped training. 8. Two-layer fabric according to. Claim. 5 »characterized, that each connective strand is essentially at right angles to each layer. 9. Two-layer fabric according to claim 51, characterized in that that the connecting strands are monofilament are. 10. Two-layer fabric according to claim 9 t, characterized in that the connecting strands are multi-fiber are and. each fiber of a given strand is oriented in the transverse direction of the weave. 11. Two-layer fabric according to claim 5i, characterized in that that the poured material is concrete. 12. Two-layer fabric according to claim 6, characterized in that reinforcing rods between the layers in planes are inserted essentially parallel to the layers. 13. Two-layer fabric according to claim 7, characterized in that that the rods are held between the layers by means of connecting strands arranged at an angle. 909833/018 1 BAD OR Ik » component characterized by a two-layer fabric with continuously woven-in connecting strands that extend between the opposing fabric walls and a concrete-like filler cast between the walls in which the connecting strands are embedded. 15 Component for use in coastal fortification or similar tasks, characterized by an elongated fabric web with longitudinally tubular fabric sections which are arranged on the opposite sides 16. Component according to claim 15t, characterized in that the material web is formed in two layers and the webs ▼ binding _f continuously woven connecting strands are provided 17 · Component according to claim 16, characterized in that the connecting strands are provided in sharp angles between the layers in a uniform arrangement. 18 »component according to claim 15, characterized in dal, the web of a plurality in the longitudinal direction to each other is connected individual webs. 19. Component according to claim 15, characterized in that the webs are made of a material with a specific weight of less than 1. - Zk - 909833/0181 BATH ORIGINAL 20. Component according to claim 16, characterized in that a wall of the web consists of a material whose
specific gravity is less than 1. 21 · Component according to claim 20, characterized in that the material is polypropylene. 22. Component according to claim 15 »characterized in that the web is U-shaped, along the lowermost
opposing sides are weighted, sections resting on the seabed are provided and a filler material is immersed, 23 · Component according to claim 22, characterized in that the weighted sections are in the form of tubular, with
fabric parts filled with a heavy material and attached to the web are formed. 24. Component according to claim 23 »characterized in that the Beschwejstide material is a concrete-like material. 25 · Component according to claim 22 »characterized in that the web is lined and loosely designed to accommodate the passage to allow a natural filler " 26. Component according to claim 251, characterized in that the web is made of a material whose specific Weight is less than 1. 909833/0181 BAD QRfGlNAL • 27 · Component no matter what. 22, thereby marking gel ©, that the web is designed in two layers and is continuous. having interwoven connecting strands that form the walls associate. 28. Component according to claim 27 »characterized in that that a concrete-like material is introduced between the walls. 29 · Device for coastal fortification, marked by a web with a device for anchoring the web on the seabed and a device for Buoyancy of the train. 30. Component according to claim 29 »characterized in that the anchoring device is a first tubular tissue part which is filled with a concrete-like material. 31o component according to claim 29, characterized in that that the one buoyant device a second having tubular part with a filling, the specific Weight is less than 1, and'which is arranged along a second side of the web. 32. Component according to claim 31, characterized in that that the material is within the second tubular part consists of polystyrene beads. 909833/0181 - 26 - OBiQiNAL 33 · Component according to claim 311, characterized in that the web consists of a loosely woven fabric that is permeable to natural deposits. 34. Process for making artificial breakwaters for coastal fortification, marked, by the steps · Production of a two-ply material! albahn with connecting strands and in immersed Condition weighted longitudinal edges, with the longitudinal edges on a sidi below the water surface located surface are arranged at a distance from one another which is less than the width of the web. 2. Introduction of natural filler in the space between the below the water surface located area and. the track to expel the water from underneath the track and to completely fill the space below the web. 3 · Filling the space between the opposing ones Walls of the web with a hardening concrete-like material. 909833/0181 BATH ORIGINAL