DE6903057U - MAT OF TWO FABRIC PANELS. - Google Patents

Description

Dr. Hans-Heinrich Willrath d-62 Wiesbaden March 5, 1973

Dr. Dieter Weber ^PMrfa * ¹³²⁷ / Dipl.-Ph vs. Klaus Seiffert »» »« ι »» »» (y

^r ^ TdegnmiudnsKi WILLPATENT

.PATENTANWÄLTE / sch

File 561-68

Collins & Aikman Corporation 210 Madison Avenue

New York, N.Y., USA

made of two strips of fabric

Priority dated February 5, 1968 based on United States application, Serial No. 702 925

Mat made of two interconnected webs of fabric, the individual webs of which are additionally connected to one another by woven-in strands that serve as spacers and in which a filler is introduced into the space formed by the fabric webs.

Two-layer fabrics are known, even those made with the Fabric have interwoven connecting threads, such as those for inflatable mattresses or similar items are used. However, there are no two-layer fabrics with continuous thread connections after the plain weave known that with a Filling material, preferably the type of building material to be filled, such as for example poured cement, mortar slurry, cement or

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similar »or even plastics or foams. It Furthermore, no two-layer fabrics are known which have continuous connecting threads in which the fabric in its finished form is permeable to allow moisture from a pourable filler such as concrete or the like to pass through. Furthermore is the use of such two-layer or even single-layer fabrics is known “which have a specific weight that is lower Is used as that of water to increase the buoyancy of such tissues in water to maintain a canopy-like shape of a Tissue sheet while filling the same with a natural filler such as sand, so as to exploit To build sandbanks, sea walls, groynes and similar coastal fortifications.

In many coastal and similar areas, the Bodneroslon and beach retention are persistent problems as the Ocean currents and floods continuously remove the natural landings from the beach surfaces. In many cases Such erosion is caused by the driving in of piles or the like, or by the introduction of piles or Bodies that have four contact surfaces prevented in the beach area. However, so far have sand walls, which after the prior art, did not successfully build sandbanks, the sloping waling surfaces of which formed an angle that is greater than 25 ° with the sea floor.

Other methods of fortifying coastal areas have been suggested, but none have been suggested by the use of the pre

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fabrication technology on a quick attachment with the consequence turned off that sandbanks of similar fortifications of permanent kind are produced economically.

The present innovation seeks the mentioned and other inadequacies to eliminate the well-known two-layer fabric for building purposes and erosion control techniques by using a Two-layer fabric creates that has binding threads interwoven with it throughout, which is suitable for concrete or a similar filler material that allows the concrete to drain off during the hardening process, which has different types of bindings to balance the loads and additional reinforcement rods.

The fabric can be constructed in such a way that it has one or more material walls, for example made of polypropylene, which has a specific weight which is less than that of the water, so that the buoyancy effect of the water tends to keep the fabric floating in the water. Accordingly, if such a fabric, either an insole or two-ply fabric anchored so that it is loose enough to float and assume an arcuate shape or form, then the tissue can either be filled with sand or andexen natural fillers by pumping it full, or if the fabric is sufficiently loose to allow sand to pass through it, the fabric dome or a similar formation through the natural movement of sand or other natural fillers along the marine

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bottom filled. The anchoring devices can with Concrete-filled fabric tubes that run lengthways are attached along the edges near the seabed of the dome-shaped fabric formation. If the fabric surface has two layers, it can be filled with concrete or a similar filler be filled after the dome-shaped training with sand has been filled, and after the concrete has hardened, the component is durable. Is the fabric material of the dome-shaped Formation of wall ceilings, a concrete or similar cover for the dome or the sandbank formed in this way can be provided.

These same principles, namely the use of materials that have a specific weight, the lower is than that of water, in order to make them float essentially in the water, are also for the creation of Suitable for lake hikes with a Töftikäle Vemdüäg an arch of loosely woven fabric can be formed, one end of which is anchored to the seabed, whereby sand gradually builds up against the sea wall, to form a sandbar or similar training; the sandbar can then be made unsearable by adding a Cover of concrete or similar fabric, if desired, is obtained.

Accordingly, it is the main task of the innovation to create a new type of two-layer fabric that has a pair of opposing woven fabric layers that are continuous over woven linen weaves are connected to one another, wherein

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the two-layer fabric is designed so that it is In calibrated concrete or similar materlallen can accommodate the creation to enable desired shapes.

Another goal of the innovation is the linen weave at a desired angle with respect to the opposing fabric layers in order to distribute forces and pressures caused by the filling of the two-layer fabric with one appropriate filler material.

It is advantageous that the fabric layers have a desired permeability and special specific weights, so that poured filler material can breathe through the fabric walls, and the fabric rises when it is in a liquid such as water is introduced.

According to the Neu * ru ȣ, a component consisting of a two-layer fabric is created, the continuously braided connecting threads in relation to the opposite walls having at a special angle in which reinforcements rods are embedded in the filler material that is between the fabric walls is located.

Components are used to prevent beach runoff created, which can be substantially prefabricated, and which are easily anchored under water and which to one use, to a high degree, the natural filler of the seabed for their formation, and once they are built up, very much can easily be made permanent. Structures are created to effectively prevent coastal erosion,

which use buoyant fabrics attached along opposite sides to; a dome-shaped training to create that, ifehdem once filled with sand is, is either coverable or has an outer surface portion covered with concrete or a similar material can be filled to create an artificial sandbar.

Another goal of the innovation is to create a sea wall for the accumulation of natural fillers on it, then with a layer of concrete or cement, if desired is, can be covered, and a buoyancy acts on the anchored sea wall in order to keep it in a vertical position Keeping level underwater while the natural filler attaches to it.

According to the innovation, a new method for the creation of structures is created that wash away coastal strips prevent the use of components that are essentially prefabricated and, as such, light and complete can be set up on site.

Other goals and advantages of the innovation will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the figures and the description of the preferred embodiment, the drawings and the claims evident.

In the drawings represent darts

Fig. 1 is a partial plan view of a two-layer fabric according to the innovation, in which the continuous linen

ng. where the aur

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binding threads are shown running at an angle to the opposite fabric landings,

2 shows an enlarged schematic partial view of the two-layer fabric 1, as it appears along the section line II-II of FIG. 1 when one looks transversely to the machine weaving direction, wherein the connecting threads are X-shaped, with a section, the appearance of the two-wall fabric , if this is filled with concrete or a similar filler j

Figure 3 is a schematic end view of the two-ply fabric of Figure 1, taken in the machine direction the line III-III of Fig. 1, in which the vertical Arrangement of the connecting strands arranged at an angle seen from behind, is clearly represented}

FIG. K is a view similar to FIG. 3, but of a two-layer fabric formation, in particular in which a plurality of connecting strands are arranged next to one another across the machine in order to create a trapezoidal connection or weave construction;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 2 of a linen weave, which has connecting threads or strands, the angle

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lig are arranged in a repeating X-shape to create ribbon-like connecting strands, which withstands high pressures that can separate opposing layers of fabric; the pressures build up by introducing a filler between the opposing fabric layers on and on it are also shown arranged between the fabric walls reinforcing rods between the connecting strands get lost;

6 shows a side view of a two-layer fabric in schematic form Shape similar to that of FIG. 2, in which the individual connecting strands at right angles to the opposing fabric walls are arranged;

7 is a side view of a preliminary stage in the formation of the Fabric according to Figures 2 and 5 before the separation of the opposing fabric layers;

Fig. 8 is a partial top perspective view of an artificially formed sandbar formed by a double-walled fabric according to the invention having fabric tubes filled with concrete as anchoring means for the fabric during the filling of the space between the fabric on the seabed with sand or similar fillers , the double-walled fabric is later covered with concrete or a similar material between its opposite

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lying wall filled, which results in a durable structure;

9 shows an enlarged partial sectional view along the line IX-IX in FIG. 8, in which the two-layer fabric according to FIG. 8 is drawn out more clearly is}

Fig. 10 is a schematic cross section of a below Artificial sand bank located in the water, which has a floating insert fabric, the rod structure is similar to that in Fig. 8)

Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of an underwater located sea wall in sheicatischer form, the sea wall is due to the buoyancy in a vertical position while sand collects around the lower anchored end of the sea wall.

In Fig. 1 the formation of a two-layer fabric is shown, which bears the reference numeral 15 and spaced apart upper and lower walls or bearings and 17 has.

The upper wall 16 of the training 15 »as shown, preferably has a loose type of fabric, the fiber material can consist of any suitable material, such as nylon, polyethylene, "ge

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foamed "polypropylene" or "foamed" nylon, but preferably made of polypropylene fibers, in particular if the fabric 15 is to be used underwater, applications where it may be desirable, the upper one Layer 16 to separate from the lower layer 17 in the vertical direction. In the latter case, the water exercises one Buoyancy on the polypropylene layer 16, due to the specific weight (0.9) of the polypropylene in the Compared to that of water (1, O).

The lower wall or layer 17 may be more tightly interwoven, as shown, in the event that the porosity this lower layer is not desirable, e.g. when the lower layer is used to hold sand, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. The fiber material from which the lower layer 17 is made, can be nylon or a similar material. A variety of connecting strands 18 have ties according to Art

f% of the linen weave, the strands 18 are continuously woven into the two-layer fabric 15 and consist of the same material as that of the top wall or layer 16. So the material of the connecting strands that form the top layer 16 consists of polypropylene , the connecting strands 18 are also made of polypropylene. It will be seen that a large number of connecting strands 18 are provided between the walls or layers 16 and 16 to equalize stresses and pressures in a manner which will be described below.

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2 it can be seen that the strands 18, which are formed in the manner of linen weave, are arranged at angles of 45 ° between the upper and lower layers 16 and 17. From Fig. 3 it can be seen that the strands 18 lie approximately in a common plane which runs transversely to the machine or transversely to the direction of movement of the fabric during its manufacture. Thus, each strand to a downwardly extending weft strand with indbn} in the transverse direction of the upper and lower layers 16 and 17 extending warp strands is connected or woven around this. Furthermore, FIG. 3 shows that the transverse spacing of the downwardly running strands 18, 18 'and 13''across the machine can be changed during the production of the two-layer fabric 15 in order to increase the density of the downwardly running strands, in the case it is desirable to be able to increase. According to FIG. 2, the two-layer fabric 15 is filled with concrete 21. The term "concrete" is supposed to. Include cement, mortar slurry, mortar and similar materials. The cement 21 can be pumped in wet form between the layers 16 and 17 of the two-layer fabric 15, whereupon it hardens therebetween. Such pumping results in high pressure which tends to separate the upper and lower walls or layers 16 and 17 from one another, or at least to increase their spacing. The greater this pressure, which results from the pumping of the concrete 21 into the fabric 15, the closer the arrangement of the connecting strands 18 should be. It is before

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It has already been explained above that it may be desirable for the upper layer 16 to be more tight than the lower layer 17 in relation to the weave, whereby the upper layer 16 is more permeable to allow moisture or water to pass through when the concrete 21 hardens or is poured. In some applications it may be desirable to make the upper and lower layers 16 and 17 sufficiently permeable for this purpose, but in some cases, namely when the fabric 15 is used as a top cover for an artificial sandbar, for example of the type As shown in Fig. 8, it is particularly useful to have a dense weave lower fabric surface for therein _; .

To hold sand particles in place, however, with the top layer of fabric loosely woven to hold the concrete in, but to allow the excess water to pass through it.

It should be noted that the filler need not be concrete 21. In many cases and applications, the filler can be any suitable curable synthetic resin or foam, such as, for example, polyurethane foam. Regardless of the filler material, foam, synthetic resin, concrete or the like, however, these must have properties in order to accommodate the connecting strands.

According to Fig. K , a plurality of strands 22, 23, 2k,

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25 and 26 aligned side by side and seen in a repeating X-shape from the side, as in Flg. 2 shown to be linked. The end view of Flg. 4 Is particularly informative for an embodiment in which different connecting strands _{22, 23, Zh t} 25,

each similar to a single connecting strand 18 but in which different strands cooperate to form a "ribbon-like" bond or web between them / - to create the spaced-apart upper and lower fabric walls 27 and 28

In FIG. 5, a two-layer fabric 30 is shown which is similar to the fabric 15 in FIG. 2 and that at a distance lower and upper layers 31 and 32 arranged in relation to one another has, which are connected to each other via weft threads or strands 33 and also at angles to the upper and lower Wall 31 and 32 are arranged. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, there are a plurality of reinforcing bars

3 ^, 35, 36 and 37 provided, which are shown arranged at a distance from the walls 31 and 32 and in their Layers are held by the crossing connecting strands 33. A structure like that shown at 30 can be used for other purposes after being prior to filling the fabric 30 with concrete (not shown;) or otherwise Filler material has been reinforced with iron or steel rods or cables or similar devices. Such poles can be hollow to connect light or telephone lines, water

or take up steam lines.

In Flg. 6 shows another modified embodiment of a two-ply fabric 40, the top and bottom layers 41 and 42, which have single or multiple strands 43, which are arranged between the layers 41 and 42, connected and are substantially at right angles to the planes of the layers 41 and 42. The strands 43 who » · Den formed by the direct linen weave method, if

the latter should be desirable. The two-ply fabric 40 can also be filled with concrete or similar fillers as desired be filled.

In Fig. 7, there is shown a basic weave arrangement 50 which is used In order to obtain the two-ply fabrics 15 or 30 of FIGS. 2 or 5, the opposite layers 51 and 52 are used which are interconnected by sloping strands 53 which are at small angles with respect to the layers 51 and 52 before separating layers 51 and 52 by one Amount equal to that of the layers 31 and 32 of FIG. 5 are shown and so also before the time that the Strands 53 assume the X-shaped position of the strands 33 of FIG. The strands 53 can be interwoven with different heights of measuring wires 54, depending on the number of intersections of measuring wires 54 and the height of the measure. The distance between the fabric layers 52 and 51 can be any height to the to obtain the desired layer spacing of FIG. A normal distance between layers 31 and 32 would be within

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of the order of 1 "2cm to 60cm.

In Fig. 8, an artificial sandbar is shown with the reference numeral 60 and is substantially below the surface 61 of the water 62 on a beach is located, which has a bottom or lower surface 63 of sand or similar filler material.

The bench 60 is suitable for canals, beaches, or similar demarcation, and may have a top portion protruding from the water 62 above surface 61, as shown. The bench 60 is formed by a canopy 6k formed from a plurality of sections of two-ply fabric 15 (as shown in Figure 1) sewn together along seams 66 and along opposing longitudinal edges 67 and 68 and tubular fabric abutments start. which are attached to it by sewing. Such tubular fabric sections are provided with the reference numerals 70 and 71. On one

At the end of the canopy 6k , which is formed by a plurality of fabrics or webs of fabric 15, there is an end cover 72, which also has a plurality of fabric cuts 73, which along seams 7k and along the arcuate edge 75 to the ends of the sections 65 are sewn to close their ends. At the lowermost end of the end wall fabric 72 is a tubular fabric formation 76 which is sewn along an edge 77, similar to the tubular parts 70 and 71 along

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attached to the sides of the canopy 6k. Thus, as shown, the entire tissue body can be prefabricated and transported to its place of use, for example with a boat, from which it can be lowered into the water 62 and deposited on the sand surface 63. The pipe sections 70, 71 and 76, which are filled with concrete or a similar filler, are the weighted parts to hold the BaldadAn 6k in place. Due to the material of the canopy 64, which is easily

* ter is than water, or at least that of its upper surface 16, the buoyancy effect of the water will tend to the shape of the canopy 64 in a generally arched shape * to bring moderate training, as shown in Fig. 8, up to a height of the water surface 6i, in which level the canopy fabric remains until the interior of the canopy 64 is filled with sand or another similar filler material 78. After the filler material 78 has "rounded off" the canopy 64, the two-ply fabric

( 15 "as shown in Fig. 9, with concrete or something similar

Fabric between the layers 16 and 17 are filled, the Connecting strands 18 are included in it, the water, which is located between the layers 16 and 17 is made possible by the loosely woven or water-permeable layer 16 driven out as soon as the two-layer fabric fills with concrete 21. When the concrete 21 sets and the concrete sets, which fills the tubular fabric sections 70, 71 and 76, the sandbar 60 is an essentially semi-permanent structure. It is evident that the length of the sandbar is 60 to Desire can be developed, due to the fact that

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that the individual fabric strips 65 in any Length can be produced.

In Fig. 10, a fabric part 80 is shown which is formed similarly to the canopy 6k of Fig. 8 and which has tubular sections 82 and 83 which are sewn or otherwise attached to opposite longitudinal edges, but in which the fabric material between the tubular sections 82 and 83 made of a single-layer s tape made of polypropylene or other material easier

as water, or even a double-walled fabric can be provided if so desired. In the embodiment according to FIG. 10, the tissue part 80 is drained into the water bk , the tubular sections 82 and 83 coming to lie on the bottom of the beach 85, and the tubular sections 82 are weighted down again, which is achieved by pumping full of concrete or a other suitable filler can be done. The buoyant effect of the water 8k on the polypropylene or other lightweight strip 81 then allows the strip 81 to assume the shape shown in Figure 10 which is arcuate. The particular weave of the strip 81 allows the water currents, floods and similar ocean movements to carry sand or other natural soil fillers 86 through the loose fabric of the arch 81 so that they gradually fill the cavity 87 below the arched floor or canopy until the sand assumes an inverted U shape. If only a temporary bank is desired, the structure can remain as in Fig. 10, but if a permanent bank is desired,

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The surface 81 can then be covered with a concrete-filled two-layer fabric, such as that shown in FIG. 2 will.

In Pig. A modified construction is shown in FIG. 11, FIG ** such a way to form a sea wall, in which a Sheet of 90 loosely woven polypropylene or other Material that is lighter than water is provided, a tubular fabric formation 91 attached to the purely lower end is that when it has been filled with concrete or other suitable material and on the seabed 92 was deposited below the water 93, the bow

in
90 anchored in a vertical position, the water exerts a buoyancy effect on the arch 90. In addition, another tubular fabric part 9k can be provided, which is attached to the upper end of the arch 90 and can be filled with polystyrene or with other floating beads 95, which also helps the arch 90 in a ■; ) to maintain a vertical position, in which in turn the buoyancy effect of the water on the spheres 95 is used in order to let the tubular part 9k rise in the direction of the water surface 96 . The configuration shown in Figure 11 is also effective during natural currents, floods and similar ocean movements in which sand or other natural fillers 97 are carried along the coastline 92 so as to deposit them on opposite sides of the arch 90 and the weighted portion 91; such sand 97 gradually accumulates, ascending as shown, to form a sea wall, which is then permanent

• MIO 87 αϊ «71

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can be formed in that it is covered with a concrete-filled two-layer fabric, as in FIG.

It should be noted that the various tubular fabric sections 70, 71, 76, 82, 83 and 91 made of nylon or similar materials can exist, the specific weight of which is not critical.

Should it be desired to have ventilation points in a double layer To have tissue training, this can be done by inserting a hollow rubber or polystyrene ball between the Walls of the fabric are created so that after the two-layer fabric has been filled, the ball was pierced can, creating a hole to attach any ancillary equipment to the concrete, such a method for making vent holes is considerably cheaper, than drilling through the concrete.

It is particularly pointed out that an advantageous feature according to the innovation is based on the fact that the limiting Length of downward filaments or connecting strands Inflation of the opposing fabric walls while they are being filled with concrete the styrene or foamable materials such as polyurethane; The Stx-lengths also serve the purpose of the forces, to compensate for an increase in the distance between the opposing fabric layers. The denser the falling threads the greater the ability of the double-walled

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tissue to balance forces during its filling.

In cases where the alkaline component of the concrete, mortar sludge ect. is sufficiently high to have a tendency to react with the polypropylene or a similar plastic, whereby the layer fibers dissolve, and especially those of the connecting strands, these strands or layer fibers or both can be made of nylon in order to prevent dissolution phenomena.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that there are many variations in the fabric retaining devices and in the various specific uses of the same that are illustrated can be made, as well as modifications in their assembly and use in various Environments, but all of these are within the innovation as expressed by the claims.

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Claims (1)

Protection claims t 1.) Mat made of two interconnected webs of fabric, the individual webs of which are additionally connected to one another by woven strands serving as spacers and in which filler is introduced into the space formed by the webs of fabric, characterized in that the strands (18) are continuously in the opposite fabric webs (16, 17) are woven in so that the filler (21) can be heard and that after filling the strands (18) extend through the filler and are embedded in it after it has hardened. / 2 ·) mat according to claim 1, characterized in that the opposing fabric webs (16, I7) a different one Show permeability » 3.) Mat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the opposing fabric webs are made of materials with different specific weights. . k,) Mat according to claims 1 to 3 »characterized in that at least one of the fabric webs consists of polypropylene or nylon. 5.) Mat according to claims 1 to k, characterized in that the connecting strands are provided at acute angles between the fabric webs in a uniform arrangement. . j ·; 6.) mat according to claims 1 to 5 »characterized in that φ that each connecting strand is essentially at right angles t runs to each panel of fabric. S " fe 7.) mat according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the connecting strands are multi-fiber and f each paser of a given strand in the cross direction of the weave is aligned «/ 8.) mat according to claims 1 to 7 »characterized in that that reinforcement rods between the fabric panels in levels in the are inserted essentially parallel to the fabric webs. y 9 ·) Mat according to claims 1 to 8, 'characterized in that that the rods are held between the fabric webs with the help of connecting cords arranged at an angle. 10 «) mat, preferably as a component for use for ' coastal fortification, according to claims 1 to 9t, characterized in that an elongated fabric web (65) with in the longitudinal direction tubular fabric sections (70, 76) is provided, which are arranged on the opposite sides J are. • 11.) Mat according to claim 10, characterized in that the fabric web consists of a plurality of individual webs connected to one another in the longitudinal direction. Jf
-23- 81030 57 and β. 73 - 23 - 12.) Mat according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the fabric webs consist of a material whose specific weight is less than 1. y 13.) Mat according to claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the fabric web is U-shaped and along the lowest, opposite sides weighted, provided on the seabed resting sections are. /