DE1876790U - CONTINUOUS SWIVEL JOINT. - Google Patents

Description

DB.BTP3CBMANS ¹

180 262 * 3/15/63

1G-25 578

MUNICH
8OKWKIOKHSTK.8

description
to the utility model application

LÖHR & BROMK1MP GmbH
Offenbach / Main
concerning

SLIDING ELECTRIC ELEMENTS

The invention relates to smooth running swivel joints with torque transmission through balls, which between an inner and an outer joint body in longitudinal grooves both joint bodies with intersecting longitudinal center lines are guided and held in one plane.

To achieve the synchronization of such swivel joints, the balls must always lie in one plane, which is with each Flexion angle of the joint halves the angle between the transverse median planes of the two joint bodies »There are many various types of groove guide to meet this requirement.

For example, the longitudinal grooves of the inner and the outer joint body can each be in the same, the common Axis of the aligned waves containing planes be arranged so that the longitudinal grooves are each wedge-shaped

"Open Here, the Keilwinkei must always be above the friction angle of the interacting materials of the balls and the longitudinal grooves of the joint body * In this Ril ~ lena order the balls must clauses held by an element located between the two joint bodies cage ₀ during flexion of the joint to the part of balls ,, in which the wedge when bending narrowed _s a guiding force in the direction of the constant velocity plane exercised * the balls ^ in which the wedge extends during bending, rom cage are in the constant velocity plane entrained the longitudinal grooves könn'en all on the same side open in a wedge shape. Then, however, the balls exert especially at higher speeds in order to avoid this, an axial pressure on the cage from _0, it is known that the wedges open alternately towards opposite directions "

The longitudinal center lines of such wedge-shaped opening "of the longitudinal grooves can be any continuous, z" B ₀ rectilinear or arcuate _s form habe.n _o It is known that the longitudinal center lines respectively opposite circular arcs by two Tenden on the common axis of the volatile "waves Circle centers located symmetrically to the pivot center of the joint slndj so that the longitudinal grooves open approximately in the shape of a beak.

The longitudinal center lines of a mutually associated longitudinal grooves on the inner and outer joint body can but also sections of helical lines on surfaces of revolution with opposite inclinations around the corresponding shaft axes or tangents to these helical lines are the simplest example of this Tangents to helical lines on cylindrical surfaces * This groove arrangement also draws on various reasons mostly before the balls through a cage in one plane to hold * Am such a cage is in itself with this type of construction, in which the balls in the intersection points of the Longitudinal grooves of the inner and outer joint body held are not necessary if the crossing angle is greater than ■ -flej.ja.ls the flexion angle of the joint isti but if a cage vorgeselierta-d ^ t ^^ it is known to be especially at high speeds avoid dangerous axial thrust on the cage by keeping the longitudinal centerlines of the grooves in each Joint bodies over the circumference alternately in opposite directions Increases the senses »

In most known swivel joints of the type to which the invention relates, the inner joint body, if necessary, the cage and the outer joint body with spherical surfaces around the joint center point on one another · Es It is also known that the cage only has an inner spherical surface on an outer spherical surface of the inner joint body to lead and keep it at a distance from the outer joint body

v "-4-

to arrange. All of these known
What they have in common, however, is that they are fixed joints - that is, that the inner joint body and the outer joint body cannot be displaced relative to one another. - ..- ·

In many cases, however, there is such relocability of the inner joint body Br compared to the outer joint body is very desirable. 3 So far one has helped oneself that one allowed a displaceability of the inner joint body in the spline connection, or else a Provided a separate sliding wedge connection on one of the shafts of the joint body. However, the small lever arm of the sliding wedge connection results in a relatively low torque an extremely high exial resistance and thus a high level of wear and tear and only a short service life of such Joints, special sliding wedge connections of the shafts are often, for. B. for spatial reasons, undesirable

According to the invention, these disadvantages are remedied by that the inner surface of the outer joint body is at least partially designed as a cylindrical surface and the arrangement is still made so that the outer joint body on the balls in the axial direction of the cylinder surface is sliding or rolling relative to the inner joint body.

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"This training of a constant velocity joint after the invention makes it possible to dispense with a sliding wedge connection, with the advantage that the displacement on a relatively large lever arm on a polished spherical surface and hardened grooved track, i.e. with a small one Friction factor and therefore takes place with relatively little resistance.

Especially at high speeds and relatively high, too The embodiments of the invention, which are described in more detail below, prove to be able to transmit torques as advantageous, in which the outer joint body rolls when moving on the inner joint body and so when moving instead of sliding, there is a rolling and thus a significantly lower resistance to displacement »

There are a number of possibilities, the outer joint body in the axial direction of the cylinder surface compared to the to make inner joint body displaceable.

The simplest case is when the balls, like mentioned above, are held without a cage in the intersection of longitudinal grooves of both joint bodies. Then it is always the outer joint body sliding on the balls relative to the inner joint body rolling, in addition, in some Cases a generally meaningless additional relative rotational movement of the two joint bodies occurs.

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When adjacent longitudinal grooves of a joint body in opposite In the sense that it increases, the balls move towards each other in the circumferential direction of the joint. Then there is a shift of the two joint bodies as long as possible until the neighboring balls hit each other *

In general, however, constant velocity universal joints are used, in which the balls are held in their plane by a cage »Then it is provided according to the invention that the cage is guided with an outer spherical surface in the cylindrical surface of the outer joint body *

The simplest construction type of a constant velocity displacement joint according to the invention nit ball cage is then given if according to the invention the longitudinal center lines of the Longitudinal grooves run parallel to the respective shaft axis. When this joint is flexed, the longitudinal center lines of the longitudinal grooves of both joint bodies also cross in it However, this joint is only for angles of deflection above the angle of friction of the interacting materials of the balls and the longitudinal grooves of the joint body can be used, since at smaller angles of deflection the balls only move away from the body small wedge angle opening longitudinal grooves are trapped and not controlled

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The longitudinal center lines of the longitudinal grooves can, however, also be helical lines on cylindrical surfaces in both joint bodies each rise in the same sense. In this case, the joints described first were also appropriate the invention allows a wider range of travel »

Both of the described types of a constant velocity swivel joint according to the invention with a cage allow even if as with the known constant velocity universal joints, the inner surface of the cage is a spherical surface guided on an outer spherical surface of the inner Celenk body, a sliding displacement of the inner joint, the cage and the balls opposite the cylindrical inner surface of the outer joint body. In principle, a large shifting distance is possible.

It is known that a particularly large force must generally be applied in sliding connections when initiating the shift be to overcome the static friction »This difficulty can be overcome if the inner surface of the Cage according to the invention has a distance from the outer surface of the inner joint body. Thereby the shifting movement by unrolling the outer. G joint body on the inner Joint body initiated »which lasts until the cage comes to rest on the inner joint body. The transition from this rolling initial movement to a sliding movement on a further distance then no special force is required,

-8th-

The use of the two described types of constant velocity universal joints with cage is limited by this * that the shift takes place smoothly and with larger ones Torques an internal displacement resistance that is still too great The design with the helical lines rising in the same sense in both joint bodies In addition, as already mentioned in the introduction, longitudinal grooves are too strong because of the larger helix angle effective axial thrust of the cage limited to relatively low speeds «

_{The feature of the invention P,} that the inner surface of the cage is at a distance from the outer surface of the inner joint body, now also has the possibility of a displacement of the inner joint body, is already advantageous for initiating the displacement in the described types of constant velocity joints with sliding displacement the possibility of shifting the inner joint body in relation to the outer joint body even with joints suitable for high speeds »knees»

Because regardless of how the intersecting longitudinal · » center lines of the longitudinal grooves of both joint bodies are selected, can be at distance between the cage and the inner Joint body the outer joint body on the balls on the

roll inner joint body; between the limits, where the inner surface of the Klifig each on the outer surface of the inner joint body to contact »This possibility of displacement is also available for the arrangements the longitudinal grooves of the balls, in which the axial thrust exerted by the balls on the cage is compensated and which therefore make the joints suitable for high speeds «,

If, for example, the longitudinal grooves are arranged in planes, which contain the common axis of the aligned shafts, and alternately open wedge-shaped in opposite directions, the balls move as they roll the Gs steering body alternately radially inwards and radially outwards «When the longitudinal grooves intersect helical lines that climb alternately in opposite directions on each joint body, the balls move when the joint bodies roll over one another in the circumferential direction to «In both cases, however, they are held by the cage in the plane necessary for the synchronism of the joint«,

In the case of a constant velocity universal joint, in which the longitudinal grooves are arranged in the common axis of the planes containing the aligned waves, with their longitudinal center lines opposing arcs and two on the geneinsanen Axis of the aligned shafts symmetrical to the

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The pivot centers of the inner joint body are located circle centers, and in which these longitudinal grooves alternately open wedge-shaped in opposite directions, according to the invention it is preferably provided that the length of the displacement path of the cage relative to the inner joint body between the two band positions, in which the inner surface of the for Contact with the outer surface of the inner joint body comes _{r is} smaller than the distance between the circle centers of the longitudinal center lines of the longitudinal grooves, but slightly larger than half of this distance.This training has proven itself in practice and prevents a ball from falling out of one of the wedge-shaped grooves .

By a distance between the inner surface of the KSfig and the outer surface of the inner joint body, it is easiest to manufacture, as is the case with known ones Articulating the inner surface of the cage and the outer surface of the inner joint body each shape a spherical surface, but different from the known joints to give the latter a smaller radius *

For the function of the sliding joint, however, it is more favorable if, according to the invention, the inner surface of the The cage is a spherical surface and the outer surface of the inner joint body is two at a distance from a main spherical plane.

has low spherical surface zones with the same radius as the inner surface of the cage, the spherical surface zones so connect to each other that the cross-section has approximately the shape of a pointed arch. At the ends of the displacement path of the Joint then lie the spherical surface zones of the inner joint body extensively on the inner surface of the cage. This form of training is also used in the types described first a sliding joint with sliding displacement of importance,

In a sliding joint according to the invention with a cage, in which the outer joint body on the inner joint body unrolls, the ends of the cylindrical inner surface of the outer joint body preferably each go into a spherical surface zone with the same radius as the outer spherical surface of the cage over, this outer spherical surface at the spherical surface zones of the outer joint body comes to rest when the joint is due to the rolling of the balls between the two Joint bodies has reached the given end position in which the inner surface of the cage to rest on the outer surface of the inner Joint body comes, it owns the joint at the ends its displacement path is almost fixed-joint properties,

The outer spherical surface of the cage can, however, at least on one side of the plane of the balls in a Ksgel-

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surface, which at an angle delimiting the flexion range of the joint on the cylindrical inside « surface of the outer joint body hits »In this way it can be avoided» that the joint does one when it is moved assumes undesired diffraction angle.

In constant velocity universal joints, the balls in the grooves must not be too tight or too loose. * They are fitted too tightly, difficulties arise at higher speeds as the balls cause their to-and-fro movement oppose too much resistance to the rotation * If the fit is too loose, however, rattling occurs and then it closes Impact of the joint. This is particularly critical in the case of constant velocity joints in which the Open the longitudinal grooves of the balls alternately in the opposite direction in a wedge shape. To avoid these disadvantages it is known that the balls both in the windows under a preload perpendicular to the plane of the balls and also in the longitudinal grooves under one given by the cage, each directed towards the intersection of the wedge angle of the longitudinal grooves Pretension are kept. So far, however, only relatively rigid and massive cages have been used to keep one Deformation and wear of the cage when pushed in Direction of one of the waves. The constant velocity swivel According to the invention, however, except in the end positions, a thrust in the direction of one of the cardan shafts can be achieved

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relative displacement of the two joint body evade against each other "This makes it possible _r to cage according to the invention spring form and extends parallel to the plane of the balls extending _Ra ndstege of the cage windows are each on the side facing the narrowing portion of the longitudinal groove side to be provided with a slot * As a result, the desired door tension of both the balls in the windows and in the grooves can be significantly improved *

The invention is illustrated more schematically in the following with reference to hand Drawings of several exemplary embodiments in more detail » purged

1 shows a longitudinal section of a Glelchlaufver « öehiebe joint according to the invention with cage, which is for larger diffraction angle is determined,

------ I ¹ Ig. 2 shows another design of a sliding joint according to the invention with a cage in longitudinal / section, namely along the line II-II in FIG. and outer joint bodies are shown pivoted into the plane of the drawing »/

Pig * 3 let a cross section through the joint after the Line III-III in Fig. 2

Fig. 4 is a view of the joint of Fig. 2 without subsequent waves »

5 a and b each show a part of a development the inner surface of the outer joint body and the outer surface of the inner joint body «

FIG. 6 shows the joint of FIG. 2 in a flexed state.

Flg. 7 shows a modification of the joint from FIG bent state.

Fig. 8 a and b show the development of the inner surface of the outer and the outer surface of the inner joint body of a joint joint suitable for high speeds of the invention according to the type of Fig * 2

Fig. 9 shows a known double constant velocity joint Im Longitudinal section,

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10 shows a double joint according to the invention in longitudinal section.

Pig. 11 serves to explain the displacement paths that occur with cardan shafts according to FIGS. 9 and 10

Fig. 12 a shows the development of a known ball cage and

Fig »12b shows the development of a ball cage according to the invention,

13 shows a constant velocity displacement joint according to the invention corresponding to FIG. 2, but without a cage, in a longitudinal section according to the line XIII-XIII of Fig * 14,

14 shows a cross section along the line XIV-XIY of Figs. 13 and

FIG. 15 shows a cross section corresponding to FIG. 14 by a joint with a groove arrangement according to FIGS. 8a, 8b am End of the displacement path »

In connection with FIGS. 1 to 12, first Discussed constant velocity displacement joints according to the invention, in which a ball cage is provided,

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In a particularly simple joint that can only be used for flexion angles greater than the friction angle of the interacting materials of the balls and the longitudinal grooves according to the invention according to S ¹ Ig ₀ 1, 1 denotes the inner joint body,

which sits by means of a spline 2 on the shaft 3 of the shafts 3 and 4 to be connected to each other Joint body 5 of the constant velocity swivel joint is connected ₀ The outer joint body 5 has a cylindrical inner surface 6 _S in which Pdllen 7 running parallel to the axis of the joint body 5 are incorporated «, In the circumference of the inner joint body, grooves 8 running parallel to its axis are incorporated _a In each radially opposite grooves 7 and 8 are balls 9 arranged _P which the introduced to a shaft of a torque. Joint body transferred to the other. The balls are held in a cage 10., Which is guided inside with a spherical surface centered on the center point JZ on the outer surface 14 of the inner joint body forming a spherical zone surface around the same center point Z ₀

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So that the pivoting of the joint is possible, the ball cage TO is either provided with a spherical surface on the outside or, as shown in the figure, rounded in the middle with a spherical surface around the center point Z and a radius that corresponds to the inner radius of the cylindrical inner surface 6 of the outer joint body matches. Towards the ends is the ball cage with the maximum angle of deflection ψ. max, which the joint is supposed to perform, tapered conically, so that the outer surface of the cage then, in cooperation with the cylindrical inner surface β of the outer joint body, limits the flexion of the joint. This also makes the cage stronger at the ends and therefore more robust on the whole. Machining is also made easier.

The joint can be used between flexion angles of approximately 14 degrees and a flexion angle of approximately 40 degrees Find.

Even if the inner surface 11 of the cage is a spherical surface has the same radius as the outer spherical surface 12 of the inner joint body, the outer joint body is on the balls sliding over a large distance with respect to the inner joint body. The initiation of the sliding displacement is made much easier if, as can be seen in Fig. 1 e.g. at 13 * between the

There is a clearance between the inner surface 71 of the cage and the outer surface 12 of the outer joint body · Then becomes the displacement of the two joint bodies against each other is initiated by rolling on the balls for so long continues until the inner surface 11 of the cage comes to rest on the outer surface 12 of the inner joint body.

In the further example shown in FIGS of a constant velocity universal joint according to the invention with further displacement capability is at 21 the inner joint body denotes, which by means of a spline 22 on the shaft 23 of the two shafts to be connected to one another 23 and 24 seated. The shaft 24 has at its, the joint adjacent The end of a flange 24a, which is connected to flange 25a via screws not shown in the drawing of the outer joint body 25 of the constant velocity swivel joint connected is. The outer joint body 25 has a cylindrical inner surface 26 in which along a helical line running grooves 27 are incorporated. To simplify the illustration, these grooves 27 are shown in FIG Fig * 1 placed in the plane of the drawing. In the circumference of the inner GienkKÖrpers are also along a helical line running grooves 28 "incorporated, which like the grooves 27 are drawn rotated in the plane of the drawing · In each of mutually radially opposite grooves 27 and 28, the balls 29 are arranged, which the one on one

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Torque introduced by a joint body on the shaft transferred to the other. The balls are held in a cage 30, the inside with a to the center Z. centric spherical surface on which a spherical zone surface un the same center point Z forming outer surface 31 of the inner joint body is guided. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the grooves 27 in the outer joint body run along a helical line rising in one direction and the grooves 28 in the inner joint body 21 along a helical line rising in the opposite direction. This is particular from the Pig. 5 can be seen in which a piece of the development of the outer joint body and the inner joint body is shown »The balls 29 each lie at the intersection of the center lines of the Grooves 27 and 28.

When the joint is bent, the balls migrate in the grooves 27 and 28, seen in FIG. 6, below the through the Center Z of the inner joint body going pivot axis to the right and above to the left, namely around the half the diffraction angle

So that the pivoting of the joint is possible, the ball cage 30 is either with the outside as shown in FIG a spherical zone provided, or according to Fig, 6 in the With te with a spherical surface around the center Z rounded

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and towards the ends with the maximum flexion angle > ß max », which the joint should perform, tapered to 7-75

leads, so that the outer surface of the cage interacts with the cylindrical inner surface 26 of the outer joint body does not inhibit the flexion of the joint, but largely strengthens the cage, which also affects the machining of the cage is important.

As can also be seen from Pig, β, the center point Z of the inner joint body can be along the geometric Axis of shaft 24 migrate to the right and left without changing the geometric relationships of the joint except that when the center Z is shifted on the axis of the shaft 24, the shaft 23 correspondingly the angle of inclination of the two grooves 27 and 28 is an additional one Rotation received. The constant velocity swivel joint shown in Figures 2 to 6 thus allows a longitudinal displacement between the two shafts 3 and 4. The longitudinal shift option of the inner joint body 21 with a ball cage 30 guided thereon opposite the outer joint body 25, is limited on the one hand by the flange 24a, the shaft 24 and on the other hand by the locking ring 32. The displacement of the inner joint body 21 along the spline 22 is prevented by the snap ring 33, with which the inner joint body 21 is fixed in its position with respect to the shaft 23.

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To facilitate the initiation of the sliding shift, in turn, such a design of the joint is preferred in which, such. B »can be seen at 33 in Fig» β, there is a clearance between the inner surface of the cage and the outer surface of the inner joint body. This However, distance is not absolutely necessary with this sliding joint.

Fig. 7 shows a modified embodiment of the joint according to Figures 2 to 6 »The elements of these Modifications can also be used analogously in the case of the joint according to FIG.

In this joint, the outer surface of the cage 40 has the shape of a spherical surface with the radius R around the center of the cage Z, Me cylindrical inner surface 41 of the outer joint body 42 sits at its ends in a spherical surface zone 43 with the same radius R as the outer surface of the cage , but around the points X and Y of the axis XZY of the cylinder X. The inner surface of the cage 40 also has the shape of a spherical surface, with the radius r about the point Z, the inner joint body 45 has in cross-section approximately the shape of an ogive, the r of two spherical zones with a radius of about two symmetrical to the point Z points A and, B lying on the axis of the inner joint body.

-22-

The displacement of this joint consists au ^ß an initial rolling motion which continues as long * to the outer Kugelfläcnezone of the inner joint member comes to the inner spherical surface of the cage to the plant, and a subsequent sliding movement of the outer joint body on the cage 40 to the inner joint body 45 held balls 46 and on the cage 40 together »The distance XY is the naxinal displacement distance. The rolling movement takes place over a distance of twice the length of the distance between points A and B, at the end of the displacement distance, the outer spherical surface of the cage 40 comes to rest on the spherical surface zones 43 of the outer joint body 42 *

Already when a spherical zone of the outer surface of the inner joint body is in contact with the spherical surface of the cage comes, the joint approaches those of a fixed joint in terms of its properties If the outer surface of the cage rests against the spherical surface zones 43 of the outer joint body, the joint behaves just like a common constant velocity fixed joint »except that there is an option to move in one direction »

With all previously described types of sliding joint according to the invention, the displacement takes place primarily by sliding the outer joint body on

the balls and on the cage «This sliding movement is preferably initiated by rolling both joint bodies.er initiated on each other on the balls, which is made possible by the fact that between the inner surface of the cage and the outer surface of the inner joint body a distance is provided. All of these joints with a sliding option have in common that the balls transmit an axial thrust to the cage * These joints are therefore less suitable for high speeds *

At high speeds, for example, joints similar to those of the Pig. 2 _i 3, ^ t 6 and 7 correspond, but in which different than it is shown in Fig, 5, the longitudinal grooves in the inner and outer joint body according to Pig "8 alternately rise in the opposite sense" The Pig "5 corresponding grooves with the same reference numbers but with a line * The grooves can also be used like the joints in Pig. 9 be arranged in a plane containing the common axis of the aligned shafts and alternately open wedge-shaped in different directions.Because the balls act alternately in opposite directions on the cage, the axial thrust on the cage is compensated for in these joints, so that they can also be used at high speeds «Except

the two examples mentioned there are a number of other ways to arrange the grooves so that the Axial thrust of the balls on the cage is compensated · So the longitudinal center lines of the longitudinal grooves can screw surfaces not only on cylindrical surfaces, but generally on surfaces of revolution around the common axis of the aligned Waves or even tangents to these helical lines.

However, the above-mentioned joints for high speeds have in common that they have a sliding displacement of the do not allow both joint bodies against each other.

Often, however, there is only a relatively small possibility of shifting of the two joint bodies against each other. This will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11 explained. According to the invention there is a distance for this purpose provided between the inner surface of the cage and the outer surface of the inner joint body so that both Joint bodies can roll on one another, as is preferred in the case of the joints described so far with further sliding possibility to initiate the shift was provided * Already from the sliding joint 7 it became clear that such a rolling displacement over a relatively long distance with the Length 2 A-B is possible, as the balls when rolling against both the outer joint body and against

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Cover the distance A-B via the inner joint body »

This rolling of the two joint bodies against each other as a result of the distance between the cage and the inner joint body is basically possible in all arrangements of the longitudinal grooves with mutually intersecting longitudinal grooves that cause the joint to run in sync, and the joint shaft described below according to Pig. IO is only a special case _e

To understand the invention, Pig »9 shows a known articulated shaft with the ability to move Has two known constant velocity joints.

The two shaft parts 51 and 52 form the flexion angle around the pivot point A _{0 0}

In the left joint, the shaft 51 is firmly connected to the body 3 by the locking ring 63, while in FIG right joint the shaft 52 is in inner body / in a Can slide spline connection 64 move axially. The outer joint bodies 55 and 56 are connected by a rigid connector 64 connected, so that a short cardan shaft is created

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If the cardan shaft is now stretched under the effect of a torsional component -a = 0 °, the distance B 0 is increased to the dimension A B + A 0. A high axial load acts between the two joints until the wedge connections 64 of the shaft 52 with the inner joint body 54 yields in a sliding manner. This axial force increases the friction in the spherical centering surfaces 57 and 58, between the cage 59 and both joint bodies, is considerable, thereby pinching the cage

Pig. 2 shows a similar articulated shaft with a sliding option in the embodiment according to the invention. Here the shafts 71 and 72 are axially fixed in the inner joint bodies 73 and 74 by securing rings 83, that is to say no longer displaceable »The cage 79, on the other hand, is guided radially in the outer joint body 77 and along the cylindrical inner surface 90 of the outer joint body 77 axially displaceable with the length a.

Analogously to the joint according to FIG. 7, the cylindrical inner surface 90 at their ends in two spherical surface zones 91 with the same radius as the outer surface of the cage 79. The inner joint body 74 has an approximately ogival shape in cross section and consists of two spherical surface zones 92 with the same radius as the spherical one Inner surface of the cage 79 »but symmetrical by two to the

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Knittel pivot points B and O Brahma Kumaris of the two joints to which shaft axes lying midpoints, each of the distance a from each other have · The longitudinal grooves 95 and 96 of the two joint body lie in planes which of the common axis. Aligned shafts 71 and 72 contain and open alternately in a wedge "or"bird's beak in the opposite direction " Center points lying on the shaft axes "

There is no longer any radial guidance of the cage on the inner joint body, the centering is done solely through the running balls 81. It is immaterial in which fora, roughly rounded or flattened cylindrical, which the The two spherical surface zones 92 forming the pointed arches of the inner joint body merge into one another.

In the end positions of the rolling movement of the cage is based on both the outer joint body and on the inner G _e steering body on a spherical surface from. In the end positions the joint behaves almost like a normal fixed joint »

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Acts on an elongated double sliding joint in which the bodies 73 and 74 occupy the middle of their displacement path, i.e., as shown in FIG Then the balls 81 roll away from the drawn center positions B and, each un the distance a / 2 in the grooves of the outer joint bodies 75 and 76 as well as the inner joint bodies 73 and 74, until the sweeter spherical surface of the cage on the spherical surface zones of the inner surfaces of the outer joint body. Both joints have sioh apart from each other during the rolling of the running balls from the center position of the cardan shaft and the value 2a. , then the same rolling movement of the running balls 81 in the grooves and then movement of the joints to each other takes place at the same value 2a, the maximum displacement possible i t of the double joint, as shown in Fig. 10, is ν = 4a, or as shown in Fig. 11 under "the angle χ. waves 71 and 72 bent towards one another v- _n _ = 4a. cos θζ / 2. The measure for the distance a depends on the thickness of the cage 79, but also on the distance b between the intersection points of the contact normals R and r forming the wedge angle with the axis of the shaft 71 or 72. From the kinetics of the joint follows a smaller than b «, joints with a somewhat larger than b / 2 or with a size of the double-shift

lenkes as shown in Pig »2 with an axial displacement of approx. \ 6.

Become constant velocity joints with mutually opening wedge-shaped running grooves used for high speeds »so in the Hegel for medium to light torsional load, then constant velocity joints are very sensitive to both too loose and too tight a fit of the Laufkttgela 81 in the grooves of the joint body 3 or 4 and 7, but also in the windows 12 of the cage 8.Es are therefore according to the invention for constant velocity joints of the cage and the Window openings made elastic so that the running balls 8t on the one hand resiliently guided in the window openings 82 and on the other hand resiliently in the wedge openings of the Killenbahnen being held.

Fig .. 12 shows the processing of a KSfigs in the prior art, here the measure Laufkugeldurehnesser yields minus width of the window 62, the resilient support of the drive balls 6 \ in the window 62, during the term spherical Esser minus the dimension Rr shown in FIG. 2, the deflection of the drive balls 61 Grooves in the wedge opening result in *.

In Fig. 12 b is the development of the KSfigs according to the invention shown. With otherwise the same dimensions as the known cage, it has greater suspension, in particular as a result of reciprocal incisions, 83, in which the narrowing

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ι
webs 84 facing the wedge of the longitudinal grooves, namely an approximately 8-fold greater resilience of the ball in the window openings 12 and an approx. 30-fold resilience of the balls in the wedge openings of the grooves compared to the cage according to FIG. 12a Execution also enables the dimensional accuracy of the window 82 to be increased by a factor of approximately 5 *.

When assembling the joint, the cage 79 is to be used so that the uninterrupted web in the direction of the The wedge angle opening of the running grooves is so that the balls open the cage 79 in the direction indicated by arrows. direction burden.

Finally, FIGS. 13 to 15 show a constant velocity displacement joint according to the invention, in which the balls in the intersection points of longitudinal grooves of the joint body are held without the aid of a wedge ring.

FIG. 13 differs from FIG. 2 only in that the cage is omitted »The arrangement of the grooves can be, for example, according to FIGS. ^ • ftfeer also be different. For proper functioning However, for these joints it is important that the angle of intersection be separated from those in parts a and b of the figures

/ shown

of the inner and outer joint body

larger than the diffraction angle of the joint is · If the grooves have Längsraittelllnien lying on a cylindrical surface and gQxaä & Figures 5a and b disposed, the outer joint body 105 can roll on the inner Gelenfckörper one hundred and first The balls 109 retain their relative position, as can be seen from Pig, 14 * The joint bodies twist relative to one another "The displacement distance must be limited in such a way that no balls fall out of the joint"

If, however, the grooves are instead made in accordance with dan Pig * 8a and b are arranged, the joint bodies 105 'and 101' do not rotate relative to one another. But the balls move 109 ' in the circumferential direction in pairs towards each other # The displacement comes to an end at the latest when the balls 109 'collide, as shown in Pig'15.

A guide of the outer surface of the inner joint body on the inner surface of the outer joint body is often corresponding to the joints of the pig. 13 to 15 unnecessary »You can use the balls alone to guide you»

Bohutz claims

Claims (8)

RA.180 262 * 15.3.6; 1G-25 578 1 - Claims for protection 1. Constant velocity swivel with torque transmission through Balls between an inner and an outer joint body in longitudinal grooves of both joint bodies with it each crossing longitudinal center lines are guided and held in one plane, characterized in that that the inner surface of the outer joint body (5; 25; 42; 75; ~ 76; 105; 105 ') a cylindrical surface (6; 26; 41; 90) ~ and the outer joint body in the axial direction of this cylinder surface opposite the inner joint body (1; 21; 45; 73 »74} 101; 101 ') is displaceable. 2 » constant velocity swivel joint according to claim 1 for Beugurg? - angle above the friction angle of the interacting materials of the balls and the longitudinal grooves of the Gefeik body, characterized in that the balls (9) are held in their plane by a cage, which with an outer spherical surface in the cylindrical surface (6) of the outer joint body. (5) is guided, and the longitudinal center lines of the longitudinal grooves (7, 8) run parallel to the respective shaft axis, 3. constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1, characterized in *. that the balls (29) from a Cage (30) are held in their plane with an outer spherical surface in the cylindrical surface (26) of the outer Joint body (25) is guided, and the longitudinal center lines of the longitudinal grooves (27, 28) are helical lines in both G-elenkkörper (21, 25) in the same sense rise. (Mg, 5a, b). 4. constant velocity universal joint according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the balls (9; 29; 46; 81) by a cage (10? 30; 40; 79) are held in their plane, which with an outer spherical surface in (6; 26; 4I; 90) of the cylindrical surface of the outer joint body (5; 25; 42; 75 _76?) is performed, and the inner surface of the cage distance * '13; 33) from the outer surface of the inner joint body (1; 21; 45; 73; 74). 5. Equal! ^ F hinge according to claim 4, characterized in that the longitudinal grooves (95, 96) in the common axis of the planes containing the aligned shafts are arranged with their longitudinal center lines in each case against ^ r ^^ lying circle beige by two on the common Axis of the aligned shafts (71, 72) symmetrical to the pivot center (B, C) of the inner joint body (73, 74) are center points of a circle and alternately open in opposite directions in a wedge shape, and that the length of the displacement path (a) of the cage (79) with respect to the inner joint body between the two End positions in which the inner surface of the cage (79) rests against the outer surface of the inner joint body comes, smaller than the distance (b) of the circle centers of the longitudinal center lines of the longitudinal grooves, but slightly larger than half this distance, 6. constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the inner surface of the cage (10, 30) is a spherical surface and the outer surface pool of the inner joint body (1; 21) also is a spherical surface, but with a smaller radius 7. constant velocity universal joint according to claim 4 or 5, characterized characterized in that the inner surface of the cage (40, 79) is a spherical surface and the outer surface of the inner joint body two spherical surface zones (48 $ 92) lying at a distance from a main spherical plane with the same Radius as the inner surface of the cage, which connect to each other so that the cross-section is about the Has the shape of a pointed arch, 8. constant velocity universal joint according to one of claims 4 to 7 » characterized in that the ends of the cylindrical inner surface (90) of the outer joint body (75-76) each merge into a spherical surface zone (91) with the same radius as the outer spherical surface of the cage (79) which comes into contact with these spherical surface zones, when the joint has reached its end position given by the rolling of the balls (81) between the two joint bodies (73 _f 74-75, 76), in which the inner surface of the cage comes into contact with the outer surface of the inner joint body, 9 »Simultaneous swivel joint according to one of claims 1 to 1, characterized in that the outer spherical surface of the cage (10 $ 30) continues at least on one side of the plane of the balls (9; 29) in a conical surface which, in one of the flexion areas of the joint delimiting angle (</ - »ax) strikes against the cylindrical inner surface (6j 26) of the outer joint body (5; 25) * 10, constant velocity swivel joint according to one of claims 4 to St, characterized in that the longitudinal grooves (95, 96) of the balls (81) open alternately in the opposite direction in the shape of a wedge, that the cage (79) is resilient and the Edge webs (84) extending parallel to the plane of the balls the cage window in each case on the narrowing KeD. the side facing the longitudinal grooves have a slot, and that the balls in the windows (82) under a bias perpendicular to the plane of the balls and in the longitudinal grooves from the cage under a preload directed towards the intersection of the wedge angle of the longitudinal grooves are held »