DE1808755A1 - Rectangular freight container for flowable goods - Google Patents

Description

Rectangular freight container for flowable goods The innovation affects a rectangular cargo container for cross-border combined transport (Transcontainer or container for short), which is intended in particular for flowable goods is.

As is well known, the main advantage of the container transport of piece goods is in saving handling work in ports, train stations and truck handling points, because the containers as a whole unit without intermediate transport and intermediate storage the goods loaded in them can be loaded in a very short time. without having to touch the Vie @@ hl of the individual packages.

It stands to reason that the advantages achieved in this way in terms of time savings, Space and space utilization as much interchangeability of the means of transport for to use the transport of quantities of liquid. The transportation of liquids and other PlieS-compatible materials contrasts with the transport of general cargo or coarse-grained bulk goods have some particular problems. These are particular one generally high specific weight compared to general cargo, the release of Mass forces within the @container when accelerating, braking and cornering as a result of self-movements of the liquid to be transported, as well as increased Danger of tipping due to the high specific weight and inertia forces, if the center of gravity of the entire vehicle mass, especially in the case of motor vehicles. r squat lies.

So far, the liquid transport has mostly been done with tankers Schienenkesselvagen, Road tankers. add-on tanks placed on normal platform trucks or cubic small containers that could be placed on normal platforms. For the transition to the transcontainer traffic you have lying liquid containers conventional design with a cylindrical or oval cross-section into a box-shaped one Standard container built in with a rigid frame, see s.B.

from a prospectus from Sea-Land Service, Inc. Of the The cross-section of the container is intended to correspond to the cross-section of the liquid container circumscribed square or form a rectangle. The rectangular shape is therefore preferable because when filling with liquids with the density around 1, the square is used Standard cross-section of 2435 x 2435 mm (8 'x 8') to exceed the for the respective standard lengths allowed route keys would, for which the standardized loading facilities in ports and other transshipment points are provided.

The possible uses of liquid containers go beyond the well-known advantages of normal general cargo containers. Normally In the case of single containers with a / chamber, it will be a uniform product Act. So liquid containers and their contents can be used as storage containers at the destination be dumped. in exchange for corresponding empties. The installation special Storage container on site is no longer required under these circumstances.

During the transport of flammable and non-nameable liquids so far only with the help of expensive and custom-made tank semitrailers was possible. allows the use of liquid containers PUr fuels and other liquids the use of the same motor vehicles that are also used for the other container and load traffic can be used. Instead of an expensive one Tanker semitrailers can transport companies with the help of liquid containers as required, solid or liquid substances using the same vehicle transport.

The well-known liquid containers in which a more cylindrical OR OVAL LIQUID CONTAINER IN A SQUARE.

or rectangular general cargo container, but have u @ a. the disadvantage. that the container space is not fully used because of the eight Corners outside of the arcuate curved ones delimiting the liquid container Container wall parts each unused gusset remain free, the unused hardly increases the distance between the outer boundary lines of the container and the respective outermost points of the cylindrical or oval tank body remain. Around 40 to 50% of the total available volume remains unused.

For this reason, cuboid liquid containers are their useful space as far as possible to the prescribed outer boundary lines of the container comes close to preferring those with circular or oval cross-sections.

For such constrictions one can fall back on experiences those already used in the construction of stationary, self-supporting cubic liquid containers have been made.

In view of the movements of vehicles and ships Inertial forces are compared to the stability of the walls (compressive strength) that of stationary rectangular containers increased in importance. Corresponding e Ä applies to any baffles and inner partitions, see below for built-in components to reduce the so-called premium liquid surfaces.

While the walls of stationary cubic liquid containers only If a certain test pressure has to be increased, a certain additional pressure must also be applied in the case of containers Stackability must be guaranteed. Because the support forces are in each of the eight corners occur, the sufficiently rigid design of the vertical Xanten is special Importance to. Compared to normal cubic containers, these have to be more kink-resistant and made more torsion-resistant. . There are also the crane forces when moving If the container only attack in the corners, the container is generally more rigid to lay out grid supports; the international norms are in accordance with Observe ISO / TC 104 or DIN 15190.

Finally, with regard to the liquids to be transported the inner surfaces can be smooth for easy emptying, cleaning and cleaning To ensure disinfection while avoiding corrosion starting points.

With normal general cargo containers, as with some, stationary Liquid containers for stiffening the walls often trapezoidal and / or semicircular beads used.

Such beads would be due to the special dynamic Load on the walls of liquid containers under otherwise identical conditions bulge more easily than curved surfaces and tend to permanent deformation, especially if the container is only partially filled @ the bead profiles would also prevent cleaning complicate the inside of the container.

Completely flat walls can only be used in conjunction with additional welded profiles with a corresponding increase in weight, otherwise they bulge very easily Floor.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a Rectangular freight containers that conform to international standards and are flowable Goods with a self-contained frame consisting of profiled beams and to build a completely liquid-tight container. where the within prescribed Dimensions available space is better used than before and at the same time the conditions outlined above can be met.

This is achieved according to the invention in that part-cylindrical after outwardly curved wall elements are connected to the frame in such a way that they come together with this one liquid-tight, rigid and torsion-resistant Form box girders / with high resistance to denting, and that the necessary connections and fittings of the access openings of the container housed within the frame outline are.

So while in the previously known constructions of the frame, the Liquid container and the support saddles form separate components that swar are firmly connected to each other. but different tasks have to be fulfilled opening flow of the tracks and the wall elements of the liquid fan fused unit, which the two main loads Ches cargo container for flowable goods at the same time. One of these demands arises from the externally acting, essentially static lifting and Support forces and the other from the protruding from the container contents, essentially dynamic mass forces. According to the invention to accommodate both types of stress both the frame profiles and the turning elements are sucked in, with both parts mutually support each other, This integrated design not only leads to one excellent use of space, but also to a @reduction of @ own weight compared to comparable known liquid cargo containers with the same stability.

For the purposes of this description, liquids are always flowable All kinds of goods are counted, e.g. also flour, cement, etc.

Preferably, the profile supports of the frame are at least; to those Places where ste with edges of the wall elements running at right angles to the bending axis collide, give away with flat outer surfaces. The curved edges of the wall panels always meet the corresponding outer surfaces of the frame profiles, so that none Place wall elements curved in different @ 'directions meet be able to.

As a result, the loading space does not have any acute angles Edges on. This ensures perfect cleaning and internal coating.

The frame profiles are accordingly. as far as they are not with the flexible axis the curved wall elements run parallel, preferably as angular profiles designed with an open or closed cross-section. In the latter case you can they are also used for icing the contents of the container the lame one is preferably made up of four kinked pillars that absorb the load and two above each and lower longitudinal and transverse spars. The eight corner fittings made of cast steel each form the node of the there with the corner supports converging longitudinal and transverse bars.

Depending on the length and height of the container, the longitudinal bars are additional Connected horizontally by inner spars and vertically by inner supports. In the side and front panels of the frame formed in this way are the outward. arched wall panels shrink wrapped. which is the section modulus in both axial directions and the rigidity increase significantly. Larger fields are reinforced by additional stiffeners.

one or the bottom of the container preferably consists of / multi-stage towards the base line, arched shells on longitudinal floor stiffeners rest, the interiors are perforated at sole height to allow complete emptying of residues. Purely for the transport of bulk goods, which are emptied by ripping, the bending axis of the arched node elements can run transversely to the longitudinal axis of the container. In this case, the otherwise recommended beveling of the lower cross members is unnecessary in order to achieve a sliding surface, the ceiling consists of several equal in longitudinal or transversely arched, shell-shaped wall elements, the shape of which has a volume reserve Approved for thermal expansion during transport.

When braking and accelerating, as well as when the ship moves to have the inner spars have a surge-inhibiting effect, the installation of additional standing or hanging, possibly arched partitions and baffles is in the from.

Peldern formed inside spars and inside supports is easily possible.

According to a further development of the invention ux dd for driving and cleaning of the tank required manhole provided with a lid, which in contrast is curved inwardly to the known Aus-guides in containers of this type.

As a result, it does not protrude beyond the outline of the frame and it can / also in the lid vault there are devices for regulating, ventilating and ventilating, for measuring purposes and the like. Be accommodated. In addition, the inner vault of the Hannloch lid serves to a limited extent as an overflow collector, the drainage openings and their valves are preferably at an inwardly re-entrant point in an end wall of the The container. The container is intended for the transport of flowable bulk materials serve and be cleared by inclination, so can in the area of the lower Cross bars and the end walls sloping baffles leading to the vent opening to be appropriate. Velche prevent the formation of blind spots.

The material used for the wall elements is because of its corrosion resistance before especially stainless chromium-nickel steel alloys in question. Provided the carrier profiles are not facing the load, they can also be made of cheaper carbon structural steels getting produced. If necessary, the carrier profiles can be attached to the inside of the The places lying in the container can also be covered by appropriate stainless steel sheets.

A plastic coating is also possible.

However, there are also light metals as a material for the Frofilträger and the wall panels in question.

Further details of the invention emerge from the following Description of some examples based on the drawing. r. the drawing Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment the cargo container according to the invention; Fig. 2 is a cross section of the same along the Line A-B in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a corresponding cross-section of a slightly modified one Embodiment; Fig. 4 is a horizontal partial section longitudinally the line C-D in Figure 2; Fig. 5 is a partial vertical cross-section along the line E-F in Fig. 2; 6 shows a sectional illustration of the removal device on a larger scale; 7 shows a section of the manhole cover on a larger scale; Figures 8 and 9 details the connection of columns and wall elements; Fig. 10 shows a modification for transport of bulk solids; FIGS. 11 to 14 show various embodiments of support structures and FIGS. 15 to 19 show various connection options for the wall elements.

The freight container shown in Fig. 1 to 7 for flowable goods has a closed frame, which consists of four kink-resistant ones that absorb the stacking load Corner supports 1, two lower ones Cross bars 2, two upper cross bars 3, two lower longitudinal spars 4 and two upper longitudinal spars 5; The eight corner fittings 6 according to ISO-TC 104 made of cast steel, used for lifting and anchoring the freight container serve, each form the node of the meeting point with the corner supports Longitudinal and transverse bars. The lengthways spars are depending on the length and height of the freight container 4.5 additionally through under inner bars 7 and upper inner bars 8 horizontally and through Inner supports 9 connected vertically.

The supports and rollers exist in the illustrated embodiment from rectangular hollow profile strips, but the lower longitudinal bars 4 are on their give away the lower outer edge with indentations 10, so that these spars are reversed Iron the L-shaped cross-section to facilitate the transport with the straddle carriers attacking there to enable.

The supports and spars can optionally also at least partially be designed as open or closed non-rectangular profile strips. For example, the corner supports 11 in Fig. 11 consist of an open angle profile strip, in Fig. 12 the corner support 12 has a circular cross-section and in Fig. 13 the Corner support 13 semicircular cross-section with stiffening lugs 14, while in Fig. 14 the corner support 15 has a triangular cross-section. Can also / as internal supports e.g.

Profile strips 16 with a circular cross section according to FIGS. 17 and 18 or angle profile strips 17. according to Fig. 19 ve @ wende @ will.

In, which are fields formed by the supports and spars of the frame outwardly curved wall elements 18 are welded in, which increase the moment of resistance in both axis directions and significantly increase the rigidity. The flexible bullet of the Wall elements on the side and end walls preferably run vertically and that of the wall elements on the container ceiling, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the container. Each wall element is surrounded on all sides by frame elements (supports and spars), where the curved axis of all wall elements is perpendicular to the curved outer edges the wall elements and the adjoining outer surfaces of the frame profiles. So at no point do wall elements convex in different directions meet on top of each other, but between two such wall elements there is always one Frame element.

By connecting the upper and lower longitudinal bars, the vertical ones Inner supports and the outwardly curved wall elements have the side walls of the Fruit container has the properties of a rigid carrier and prevent reliable any undesired bending of the same under full load. Larger wall elements 18 are reinforced by additional stiffeners.

In the preferred exemplary embodiment, these consist of the outside welded U-shaped pro pill lists 19. Instead come according to FIGS. 15 and 16, they are also made stronger from arches molded onto the wall elements There are curvature, either according to FIG. 15 from sheet 20 with outside of the Container lying axis of curvature or according to FIG. 76 from arcs 21 with inside of the container lying axis of curvature. Also bars with a circular or angled shape Cross-section similar to FIGS. 18 and 19 or with any other cross-section be welded to the wall elements 18 as supports. Similarly @ ots An additional stiffening of the stern supports by molded angular or arched Achieve flanges 22, as Fig. 11 shows. The butting bottle are in in this case welded together at 23.

The wall elements are generally butted with the frame elements welded. The wall surfaces can then be prefabricated individually or in sections and be assembled.

But it can also consist of a whole wall surface in sections outwardly curved steel strips 18 exist, on the outside each stütten or stiffeners are welded on. This type of construction has-i.a. the advantage of the simpler Corrosion protection.

The wall elements 18 can also be seamless at the container edges into each other pass over. as shown in FIG. 13 at 23, for example.

It is also possible, according to FIG. 14, to place the wall elements 18 on the inclined Surface 24 of a triangular corner support 15 to be fastened.

The roof of the cargo container is the one shown in FIGS Exemplary embodiment of three identical wall elements i8 curved in the longitudinal direction, which are reinforced by two stiffeners 25 each. This shape creates a volume reserve guaranteed for thermal expansion during transport of the full container. The inner bars 8 are provided with passages, a6, for pressure equalization.

The bottom of the container consists of in the embodiment according to Fig. 2 arched wall elements 27 falling in two stages towards the rail line, which, auP, longitudinally running @odensteifen 28 rest. The floor stiffeners 28 also exist in the present Example of U-shaped U-profile strips welded onto the wall elements from the outside. The floor stiffeners can optionally (as well as the other stiffeners u; d ' the hollow profiles of the frame) can be used to heat the contents of the container The transverse 'inner bars 7 of the frame are to be completely emptied pierced at sole height at 29 Depending on the load to be absorbed the direction and shape of the arch and the number of arched wall elements, as long as the stiffeners on the ceiling and floor are varied. So persist in the amendment According to Fig. 3, the bottom and top of the container made of simply curved wall elements 27a or 18a. In the case of the simple curvature, the longitudinal ones are also unnecessary Floor stiffeners. These are only required in the case of multi-level arching. If necessary the vaulted wall elements of the floor can be welded on by one or more, the extent of the curvature of the following drawstrings are reinforced.

In the case of liquid containers that were not subdivided, the bending axis measured the Floor elements in the interest of residual emptying parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container get lost. In the case of liquid containers, which are separated by partitions 30 in the area of the inner spars 7, 8 and 9 inner supports are divided into individual chambers (Fig. 4), and single-chambered Containers for free-flowing bulk goods, which are emptied by tilting them should, on the other hand, it is useful to move the bending axis of the bottom wall elements transversely to the The longitudinal axis of the container can also run transversely at the bottom outer ribs may be attached to attack a forklift.

Because the ceiling is ultimately designed for the same internal pressure loads must be like the floor, these design options also apply analogously B @ container decks.

In the fields or is formed by the inner spars and inner supports the installation of additional flat @@ ewöl @ th partition walls 30 (Fig. 4) or standing or hanging baffles 51 (Fig, 5) without any further possible. Such hanging Baffles are particularly advantageous for reducing: .r so-called prizes Surface of the liquid content of the tank, which is used for braking and accelerating and in particular the mass forces that occur when the ship moves is.

In addition, the inner bars already have an anti-flood effect.

All internal edges and weld seams are rounded and sanded, so that perfect cleaning and, if necessary, interior coating is guaranteed is.

Verden is used as the material for the wall elements because of its resistance to corrosion mainly stainless chromium-nickel steel alloys are used. The frame elements can, if they are not assigned to the load, also made of cheaper carbon steels getting produced. Around the parts of the frame elements facing the inside of the container To protect against corrosion, these parts can be made of stainless steel; 8 it is then, for example, the corner support 1 made of an outer angular strip 31 made of carbon steel and one inner angle strip 32 made of stainless steel, which are welded together at the corners. To the inner corner molding 32, the wall elements 18, which are also made of stainless steel, are then welded on. Instead, the corresponding parts can also be made of carbon steel Frame elements are covered with stainless steel sheet. Thus, according to FIG E.g. the corner support 1 made of a rectangular closed hollow strip made of carbon steel, and the wall elements 18 made of stainless steel are also made of stainless steel existing flanges 33 ′ which extend as far as the inner corner of the corner support 1 and are welded to one another there.

The necessary openings for driving and cleaning and the connections for emptying, filling, warming up and cooling and for measuring purposes are of interest optimal use of space and protection against damage to those who step back from the outside Provided the wall surfaces or at the corners of the container.

Preferably, the PUll and drainage connection are in a front wall of the container an indentation 34 in semicircular or arched, ggt. de @ internal printing Appropriate design, which has a filling and drainage nozzle near its lower end 35 carries, on which a cock 36 with hose coupling 37 is screwed. The hose coupling 37 is through a corresponding recess 38 in the lower cross member 2 of Ebhalter's suggestive. This recessed arrangement has the filling and extraction fittings the further advantage that the indentation 34 can easily be closed by customs.

The dome cover is also designed so that it is as venous as possible Takes up space and can be locked in a simple manner by customs. For this the dome cover 39 is vaulted towards imen and with corresponding connecting pieces 40,41 for give away the ventilation and for safety valves 42, the lid is on with the interposition of a seal 43 on the upper edge of a short Hannloch socket 44 on, which should only be so high as to accommodate the fastening elements 45, 46 to offer.

The container cover 47 is sunk somewhat in the vicinity of the manhole. as Fig. 5 shows, so that the upper edge of the cathedral ceiling is not higher than the frame spars 3 and 8 come to rest, the dome cover and the ones attached to it in its curvature lying fittings are sealed with a small plate 48 and so against unauthorized access secured. In the curvature of the dome deck, if necessary the valve leaking amounts of liquid accumulate.

If the container for flowable bulk goods is to be perished, so one becomes a correspondingly larger one in the indentation 34. Outlet opening 49 (Fig. 10) and empty the container preferably by tilting it. To be with the Avoiding the creation of blind spots on both sides of the outlet opening is for In this case, the installation of inclined Lai @ plates 50 on both sides of the outlet opening and possibly provided in the area of the lower transverse hoops 2.

Claims (31)

Expectations 1. Rectangular freight container for flowable goods with an in closed frame consisting of profile supports and a completely liquid-tight frame Container, characterized in that wall elements that are partially cylindrical outwardly curved (18) are connected to the frame (1 to 9) in such a way that they are together with this a fluid-sighted, bend-resistant and warp-resistant box girder with a high Form safety against embarrassment, and that the necessary connections and fittings (36, 42) the access openings are housed within the frame outline target. 2. Freight container according to claim t; characterized in that the Frame made of vertical supports (1,9) and horizontal spars (2,3,4,5,7,8) like this is composed that these @frame elements the wall surfaces in individual fields split into each of which a wall element (18) is inserted. 3. Freight container according to claim 2, characterized in that the Frame elements at least on those of their surfaces, the curved rats of the Wall elements are facing, at right angles to the bending axis of the wall elements in question get lost 4. Freight container according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the wall surfaces are prefabricated and assembled individually or in sectional construction. 5. Freight container. according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that that several adjacent wall elements, from continuous, in sections to the outside arched metal strips are made, which are attached from the inside to the supports (9, 13) are. 6. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized indicated that larger fields are reinforced by additional stiffeners (19,25,28) are 7. Splendid container according to claim 6, characterized in that it is marked. that the stiffeners consist of profile strips (19) attached to the wall elements from the outside. 8. Freight container according to claim 7, characterized in that the Form stiffeners with the wall elements closed cross-sections and with connections are provided for heating the contents of the container. 9. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized marked. that the frame elements essentially consist of rectangular hollow strips exist. 10. Freight container according to claim 9, characterized in that the The lower longitudinal bars (4) are provided with longitudinal recesses (10). 11. Freight container to @@@ e @. of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the corner supports from Profill @@@ ten with circular, semicircular or triangular Cross-section (12,13,15) exist. 12. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the container cover is curved in the longitudinal or transverse direction Wall elements (18, 18a) consists. 13. Freight container according to claim 12, characterized by breakthroughs (26) in the upper cross members (8) of the frame. 14. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the container bottom is curved in the longitudinal or transverse direction Wall elements (27, 27a) consists. 15. Freight container according to claim 12, characterized in that the Floor made of single or multi-level arched wall elements sloping down towards the sole line (27), which rest on longitudinal floor stiffeners (28). 16. Freight container according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that that the curved wall elements (27,27a) of the bottom through one or more of the circumference of the curvature the following drawstrings (52) are reinforced. 17. Freight container according to claim 14, characterized in that the transverse inner bars (7) of the floor for complete emptying at sole height are provided with openings (29). 18. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized through transverse outer ribs on the floor to attack a forklift. 19. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by means of preferably arched partitions (30) in the inner bars and inner supports formed fields. 20. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by standing or hanging baffles (51). 21. Freight container according to claim 20, characterized in that the baffles are curved vertically or horizontally. 22. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims. characterized. that the stiffeners. Spars or supports the wall elements (18) molded wall parts (? 0.21) consist of greater curvature. 23. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the inner supports of the side walls and / or the stiffeners made of hollow profile strips (16) exist. 24. Freight container according to one of the preceding / claims, characterized marked that the Irinenstützen or. Inner spars and / or the stiffeners' from U- or angle profile strips (17) exist. 25. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized marked. that the filling and emptying nozzle (33) of the container in one Indentation (34) is housed in a container wall. 26. Freight container according to claim 25, wherein the bulge located in a container front wall, characterized by an opening (38) in the lower cross member (2) through which the hose connection (37) of the filling and emptying nozzle (35) is accessible. 27. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims. characterized by an inwardly curved dome cover (39), in the cavity of which is a pressure equalization valve (40), a safety valve (42) and / or @ other fittings are housed, 28. Freight container according to claim 27, characterized through a closable flat outer hood (48) BUr the dome cover 29. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by obliquely to the emptying opening (49) leading guide plates (50) to facilitate emptying of bulk materials. 30. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the wall elements are made of stainless steel or light metal. 31. Freight container according to claim 30, characterized. that at least those parts of the frame elements which are facing the interior of the container The stainless steel is made of or covered with it.