DE1796230A1 - Process for the production of coatings from metal oxides and ceramic materials on metals, in particular on iron and steel, as protection against chemical changes to the surface caused by the action of non-metallic attack agents at high temperatures - Google Patents
Process for the production of coatings from metal oxides and ceramic materials on metals, in particular on iron and steel, as protection against chemical changes to the surface caused by the action of non-metallic attack agents at high temperaturesInfo
- Publication number
- DE1796230A1 DE1796230A1 DE19681796230 DE1796230A DE1796230A1 DE 1796230 A1 DE1796230 A1 DE 1796230A1 DE 19681796230 DE19681796230 DE 19681796230 DE 1796230 A DE1796230 A DE 1796230A DE 1796230 A1 DE1796230 A1 DE 1796230A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- steel
- metals
- protection against
- carburization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/04—Treatment of selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
- C09D1/02—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
- C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Überzügen aus Metalloxiden und keramischen Stoffen auf Metallen, insbesondere auf Eisen und Stahl, als Schutz gegen chemische Veränderungen der Oberfläche durch Einwirken nichtmetallischer Angriffsmittel bei hohen Temperaturen. Es ist bekannt, auf Metallen Überzüge von Oxiden oder keramischen Stoffen zu erzeugen, um die Metalle gegen Korrosion und Verzunderung zu schützen. Die Erzeugung der Überzüge erfolgt z. B. durch Bildung von. Oxidschichten mittels der bekannten Brünierungsverfahren oder durch Behandeln der Metalle mit überhitztem Wasserdampf, wobei z.B. bei Stahl Fe 0 -Schichten entstehen. Auch Wasserglaslösungen mit und ohne mineralische Zusätze werden verwendet. Bei höherer Temperatur, insbesondere bei Eisen und Stahl oberhalb 570C, treten Abbaureaktionen der Oxide ein, die den Wert der bekarrten Oxid-Überzüge sehr herabsetzen.Process for the production of coatings from metal oxides and ceramic Substances on metals, especially iron and steel, as protection against chemical agents Changes to the surface due to the action of non-metallic attack agents high temperatures. It is known to coat metals with oxides or ceramics To produce substances to protect the metals against corrosion and scaling. The coatings are produced, for. B. by forming. Oxide layers by means of the known burnishing process or by treating the metals with superheated Water vapor, whereby e.g. Fe 0 layers are formed in steel. Also water glass solutions with and without mineral additives are used. At higher temperatures, in particular with iron and steel above 570C, decomposition reactions of the oxides occur, which cause the Greatly reduce the value of the cemented oxide coatings.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß man Oberflächenschichten aus Metalloxiden
und Metallsilikaten in besonders vorteilhafter Weise erzeugen. kann, wenn man die
Metalle durch Eintauchen oder Aufspritzen mit einer durch feines Vermahlen von Nephelin
mit Wasser hergestellten Dispersion überzieht und der Dispersion gleichzeitig das
Metalloxid des zu schützenden Metalles zugibt, welches der höchsten Oxydationsstufe
des Zunderprodukts des betreffenden Metalles in oxydierender Atmosphäre entspricht,
also z.B. im Falle der
Die aus diesen Dispersionen erzeugten Nephelinschichten haften nach dem Einbrennen besonders fest.The nepheline layers produced from these dispersions continue to adhere particularly firm after baking.
Nephelinschichteri, die aus Dispersionen ohne Zusätze von Metalloxiden hergestellt sind, besitzen eine Durchlässigkeit für aufkohlende Gase z. B. für C0, halten aber andere Gase z.B. C02 zurück. Sie wirken als Molekularsieb. Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, Metalle gegen innere Oxydation zu schützen. Bei der Oxydation von z.B. Kupferlegierungen entsteht nicht nur eine Zundersc,hicht auf der Legierung, die je nach den Sauerstoffpartia.ldrucken im wesentlichen aus Cu 20 oder aus Cu 0 mit einer äußeren dünnen Cu0-Schicht besteht, und die wir Es äußere Zunderzone bezeichnen, sondern auch eine Oxydationszone im Inneren der Legierung,, die wir als innere Oxydationszone.bezeichnen. Als Ursache für das Auftreten einer solchen inneren Oxydationszone sind die@Zöslichkeit von Sauerstoff in der Legierungsphase und die höheren ,Bildungsarbeiten der Oxide der unedlen Legierungsbestandteile anzusehen, die laufend Sauerstoff verbrauchen und dadurch infolge des sich ausbildenden hohen chemischen Potentialgefälles an Sauerstoff zwischen den Phasengrenzen Legierung/äußere Zunderschicht und Legierung/innere Oxydationszone eine laufende Nachlieferung von Sauerstoff bewirken., der durch die Dissoziation der inneren Oxydation zur Verfügung.gestellt wird.Nepheline layers, which are made from dispersions without the addition of metal oxides, have a permeability for carburizing gases such. B. for C0, but hold back other gases such as C02. They act as a molecular sieve. Another embodiment of the invention consists in protecting metals against internal oxidation. During the oxidation of copper alloys, for example, not only a layer of scale arises on the alloy, which, depending on the oxygen partial pressure, consists essentially of Cu 20 or of Cu 0 with a thin outer layer of CuO, and which we call the outer scale zone, but also an oxidation zone inside the alloy, which we call the inner oxidation zone. The reason for the occurrence of such an inner oxidation zone is the @ solubility of oxygen in the alloy phase and the higher work of formation of the oxides of the base alloy components, which continuously consume oxygen and thus due to the high chemical potential gradient of oxygen between the phase boundaries. outer scale layer and alloy / inner oxidation zone cause a continuous supply of oxygen, which is caused by dissociation internal oxidation.
Eine besondere Erscheinungsform der inneren Oxydation, die bei der Aufkohlung von Einsatzstahl auftritt, ist die sogenannte Randoxydation in der Aufkohlungsschicht des Stahles.A special form of internal oxidation that occurs in the Carburization of case-hardened steel occurs, is the so-called edge oxidation in the carburization layer of steel.
Auch hierfür wird der Sauerstoff durch eine Dissoziation 'des Oxids zur Verfügung gestellt, und zwar durch die Dissoziation: Die Randoxydation kann bei allen bekannten Aufkohlungsverfahren auftreten, im cyanidischen Salzbad, bei der Pulveraufkohlung im Kasten und auch im Gaskohlungsofen. Sie verändert auf unerwünschte Weise die Festigkeitseigenschaften des Stahles in der Randzone und beim Härten die kritische Abkühfiingsgeschwindigkeit-durch Abbinden der Legierungselemente durch Sauerstoff. Wie oben beschrieben, wird in Gegenwart von Nephelin die niedrigste Oxydationsstufe an der Phasengrenze Legierung/äußere Schicht nicht.orreicht und Fe0, das dissoziieren könnte, nicht gebildet. Es fehlt somit der aktive Sauerstoff, der in die Legierung eindiffundieren könnte. Zum Schutz von Einsatzstahl gegen Randoxydation wird eine Nephelinschicht verwendet, die aus einer Dispersion ohne Metalloxid-Zusätze hergestellt ist. Da der Prozess in reduzierender Atmosphäre stattfindet, kann auf Metalloxid-Zusätze verzichtet werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil bei der Aufkohlung von Stahl mit Nephelin-Überzug ist die Aktivierung des Aufkohlungsprozesses! infolge Verhinderung der Bildung von dünnen Passivschichten aus Fe0.For this, too, the oxygen is made available through a dissociation of the oxide, namely through the dissociation: Edge oxidation can occur in all known carburizing processes, in the cyanide salt bath, in powder carburization in the box and also in the gas carbonization furnace. It undesirably changes the strength properties of the steel in the edge zone and, during hardening, the critical cooling rate - by binding the alloying elements with oxygen. As described above, in the presence of nepheline, the lowest oxidation level at the alloy / outer layer phase boundary is not sufficient and FeO, which could dissociate, is not formed. The active oxygen that could diffuse into the alloy is therefore missing. To protect case-hardened steel against edge oxidation, a nepheline layer is used, which is made from a dispersion without metal oxide additives. Since the process takes place in a reducing atmosphere, there is no need for metal oxide additives. Another advantage of carburizing steel with a nepheline coating is the activation of the carburizing process! as a result of preventing the formation of thin passive layers of Fe0.
Es wurde weiter gefunden, daß Nephelinschichten, die aus Nephelin-Syenit-Dispersionen mit Zusätzen aus Alkalisilikaten hergestellt sind, einen guten Haftgrund für Isoliermittel bilden, die bei der Aufkohlung angewendet werden, um.die Stahloberfläche an den Stellen gegen Aufkohlung zu schützen, die von der Einsatzhärtung nicht erfaßt werden sollen. Solche Isoliermittel sind Verbindungen von Metallen, die edler sind als Eisen, z.B. Kupfer- und Bleiverbindungen. Im reduzierenden Aufkohlungsmedium werden diese Verbindungen leicht zum Metall reduziert, das die.Oberfläche abdeckt und damit die Eindiffusion von Kohlenstoff ausschließt.It was further found that nepheline layers, which are made from nepheline syenite dispersions are made with additives from alkali silicates, a good primer for isolating agents that are used in carburizing to attach the steel surface to the To protect places against carburization that are not covered by the case hardening should. Such isolating agents are compounds of metals that are nobler than Iron, e.g. copper and lead compounds. Be in the reducing carburizing medium these connections are slightly reduced to the metal that covers the surface and thus excludes the diffusion of carbon.
Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, die genannten Isoliermittel deja Nephelin-Syenit-Dispersionen zuzugeben und die z.@ isolierenden Partien der Oberfläc.`-e damit zu bestreichen.' Für die Salzbadaufkohlung mit cyanidischen Schmelzen sind brauchbare Isoliermittel bisher nicht gefunden Worden, da in Salzschmelzen die Isoliermittel aufgelöst werden und aufgelösten Verbindungen edler Metalle die Aufkohlungsbäder nachteilig beeinflussen. Nephelin wird im cyanidischen Salzbad nicht aufgelöst. In der Abdichtung des Haftgrundes aus Nephelin mit Chromoxid Cr 0 wurde ein in Salzbädern brauchbares Isoliermittel gefunden. GEMA der Erfindung wird eine mit Chromoxid Cr 0 versetzte Nephelin-Dispersion als Isoliermittel in cyanidi@ehen Salzschmelzen verwendet.It has proven to be particularly advantageous to use the insulating means mentioned deja add nepheline syenite dispersions and the z. @ insulating parts of the To coat the surface with it. ' For the salt bath carburization with cyanide melts have not yet been found useful isolating agents, because in molten salts the isolating agents are dissolved and the connections are dissolved noble metals adversely affect the carburizing baths. Nepheline is cyanidic Salt bath not dissolved. In the sealing of the primer made of nepheline with chromium oxide Cr 0 has been found to be a useful insulator in salt baths. GEMA of the invention a nepheline dispersion mixed with chromium oxide Cr 0 is used as an insulating agent in cyanidi @ ehen molten salt used.
Anwendungsbeispiele.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19681796230 DE1796230A1 (en) | 1968-09-25 | 1968-09-25 | Process for the production of coatings from metal oxides and ceramic materials on metals, in particular on iron and steel, as protection against chemical changes to the surface caused by the action of non-metallic attack agents at high temperatures |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19681796230 DE1796230A1 (en) | 1968-09-25 | 1968-09-25 | Process for the production of coatings from metal oxides and ceramic materials on metals, in particular on iron and steel, as protection against chemical changes to the surface caused by the action of non-metallic attack agents at high temperatures |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1796230A1 true DE1796230A1 (en) | 1972-03-23 |
Family
ID=5708405
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19681796230 Pending DE1796230A1 (en) | 1968-09-25 | 1968-09-25 | Process for the production of coatings from metal oxides and ceramic materials on metals, in particular on iron and steel, as protection against chemical changes to the surface caused by the action of non-metallic attack agents at high temperatures |
Country Status (1)
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DE (1) | DE1796230A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1650731A1 (en) * | 1968-03-09 | 1974-02-28 | Holzer Patent Ag | STEP-BY-STEP CONTROLLER |
FR2353618A1 (en) * | 1976-06-02 | 1977-12-30 | Bayer Ag | STABLE AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS OF ALKALINE SILICATE AND IRON OXIDE PIGMENT |
EP0583051A1 (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1994-02-16 | Magnumas Coatings Sdn Bhd | Heat-resistant coating composition |
WO2010097300A1 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2010-09-02 | Basf Se | Protective coating for metallic surfaces and production thereof |
-
1968
- 1968-09-25 DE DE19681796230 patent/DE1796230A1/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1650731A1 (en) * | 1968-03-09 | 1974-02-28 | Holzer Patent Ag | STEP-BY-STEP CONTROLLER |
FR2353618A1 (en) * | 1976-06-02 | 1977-12-30 | Bayer Ag | STABLE AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS OF ALKALINE SILICATE AND IRON OXIDE PIGMENT |
EP0583051A1 (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1994-02-16 | Magnumas Coatings Sdn Bhd | Heat-resistant coating composition |
US5422143A (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1995-06-06 | Magnumas Coatings (M) Sdn Bhd | Coating composition |
WO2010097300A1 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2010-09-02 | Basf Se | Protective coating for metallic surfaces and production thereof |
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