DE1771214A1 - Additive for cementitious mixtures - Google Patents

Description

17712U

Additive for aeai8a-i: lialtigs mixtures

In the '.üaclmologie dOB Batons as well as related products it is known »& aes cU.e Pestigkeit (usually the compressive strength, which is according to ήβϊ? ASliM-l'estr-ie'bliode 0 39-64 geB'GEüoii) a reliable Kriiorinvt AÜr (Ue quality .lsi ;. Me a'technology of the concrete was developed in such a way that a considerable strength with low Kosstsn orsielt -fix-dj uobai sioh dor concrete in very comfortable white vsriv'sMon, the © main amount of the concrete currently used ' Beij-oelit Immar: aoüh sue a simple mixture of sand and coarse SeüSein mj.fc oinor lclöinersn amount Portland Zoment, a ausreicheniie llenge 'W & sser sugssetat ^ is uei this mixture into oinem such AuomaS iliiid zn make that it s in Porj & gsgsben weraan Lisau. ”As a general rule of thumb, the baton is higher the less water is used operated, wm ssu. eria-ibtöln, which mixtures with various Each of these sizes of sand and rock produce a fluid concrete with ϋίτ & ϊΐ minimal water content. Various organic and inorganic additives that enable a reduction in the water content of the concrete, while still providing a useful? The degree of pluidity (which is usually measured after the ASIM sitting test) remains, have already been tested. The known additives, however, tend to reduce the strength due to their chemical structure, so that the final strength of concrete produced using such additives and small amounts of water is not increased to a sufficient extent for use on a more general level of Ββ, βΐβ

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to ensure. In the same way, the compressive strength is increased by more than 10 <$> . Perhaps the most promising additives of this type are: id various Idgnosulfonato, which improve the concrete in terms of ßsinor ßsinor ugness and workability »where often a m'döslgo increase in strength ( generally 5 - 10 #, occasionally even up to 25 ? °) can be achieved at low costs. Hydroxy acids and sugars, such as tartaric acid, citric acid or cane sugar, are used to a lesser extent, with such additives having the disadvantage that sa.3 are expensive and difficult to dose (since large amounts of these additives cause the concrete to deteriorate, so that the improvement in strength, which scarcely exceeds £ 20, although these disadvantages are clearly outweighed ). The most common organic additives® are the air entrained substances, such as petroleum oils, which have no relation to an increase in strength » since these additives always reduce the strength and are used to» increase the resistance of concrete to the action of prostate.

The organic additives according to the invention, when mixed into a learned Thai mixture in an amount of 0.1-3% , based on the weight of the Zamentaasse in the solution, result in an increase in strength in the order of 25-125 % , without the fact that the production processes and the mixture are adversely affected. Since «additive can be used dry with the olngoootston Zowmt in the mixture.

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It can also be added to the whiskey eggs used to make the mix or introduced into the mix in some other way, provided that the final composition: L is sufficiently evenly distributed before the mix begins.

As a precaution, the »additive consists of at least three components, where at least [one component from each of the three is selected from the following categories:

Category, 1

The partial fatty acid esters of glycerine.

The partial fatty acid esters ^ of sorbitan.

The partial fatty acid esters of dorbit.

The ethoxylates of the partial fatty acid esters of sorbitan.

The ethoxylates of the partial fatty acid esters of sorbitol.

The partial fatty acid esters? of choline glycerophosphates, the known as Lesithino "

Category 2

The sulfates of the partial fatty acid esters of polyglycols.

The silfate of the partial fatty acid esters of polyglycols.

The sulfates of the partial fatty alcohol ethers of polyglycols.

The sulfate salts of the partial fatty alcohol ethers of polyg ^ ycols.

The Sulphates of the Partial Fsttsäureeoter of Glycerin.

The sulfate salts of the partial fatty acid esters of glycerin.

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Category?

The most effective condensation products of formaldehyde and a Naphthalene,

The salts of the sulfonated condensation products contain formaldehyde and a naphthalene.

α Preferably there must be a significant amount of each constituent of the categories specified above be present in the additive, in the following orders of magnitude:

Category 1: 25 - 50 #j Category 2 s 10 - 35? 6 | Category 3: 20 - 80 &

The individual substances of categories 2 and 3, when used alone or in combination, do not exert any beneficial effects and even lead to deteriorated results in some cases. The same applies to the sorbitans, the ™ sorbitols, their ethoxylates and the partial fatty acid esters of glycerine. If they are used alone, these compounds also have no beneficial effects. However, lezit'ain alone and lecithin, mixed with a substance from category 2 or a substance from category 3, increase the strength in the order of magnitude from 50 - 110 years Even in the case of the counters, the best overall properties, namely high fatness, low shrinkage and good processability, are only achieved when substances are selected from each

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The Orel categories are against *

Many components of these categories are commercially available j au :! ⁰ the aia-it has to be entered in more detail *

As the term "lecithin" is generally used very carelessly, it should be pointed out that according to the invention, natural lecithin, such as Misohun & en _s v / which contain cephalin or liposite, as well as pure lecithin itself. This term also includes the so-called lecithins which are dispersible in water and which are generally marketed, whereby these leiaithins are hydroxylated, iaaloinated, equilibrated or glysidolated derivatives to mixtures of natural laaithin with a quantity of a dispersing agent These materials can all be used according to the invention.

From the ingredients. dor Category 1, which are also included in the following are used, the following should be mentioned:

Commercially available oilseed lozithin.

1 0 9 8 5 0 / U 1 1 _BA D

-Tk- 17712H

Keleoin 1081, which is owned by the Spencer Kellogg Division of the i & rfcron Corporation, Buffalo, New York, and a is lecithin dispersible in water, of which nan assumes that it is an ethoxylated natural lecithin "

Centronix LP-250, which is available from the Central Soya Company, Chicago, Illionois, sold and a lecithin dispersible in water "

Oentrolene S, supplied by the Central Soya Company, Chicago, Illionoiß, commercialized and a hydroxylated natural üeeithin represents.

ölycerinBonontearac νηά Glycerinmonolaurat »Both compounds are commercially available in technical grade.

Atmul 34 »that of Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc., Vllnington, Delaware, and a Hohung from about the same Represents amounts of the monoglycerides and diglycerides of vette acids from common edible oils.

Span 20, also sold by Atlas Chemical Industries, Ino., Is a sorbitan monolaurate.

Span 60, a sorbitan monostearate marketed by the same company

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Chip 80, a sorbitan monoleate made by the same company is distributed.

Span 85, a sorbitan trioleate sold by the same company *

! Eween 80, a polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate produced by the same company is put on the market.

You fatty acid or Eettalkoholreste in those given above Substances can have 12-22 carbon atoms in their carbon structure exhibit.

Of the category 2 components that are used in the tests described in more detail below, the following are: mentioned:

Sipon £ 4, a ljaurylate oxylate sulfate ammonium salt marketed by Aloolao Chemical Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland. It is believed to _{contain O 14} and C 1-6 alkyl groups in a minor amount.

Alfonio 1412S, a Saiirylätho ^ latsulfat-Hatriumsale, the Continental Oil Company, Hew York City, is being sold.

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Alfonie 1412A, a lauryl ethoxylate sulfate ammonium salt obtained from is sold by the same company and is similar to Sipon BA, although it is likely to be differentiated from this by the number of Polyo ^ ätfrylengruppen differs somewhat.

Sipo.nate SG-S, a lauroyl monoglyceride sulfate ammonium salt that sold by Aloolao Chemical Corporation

Of the components of category 3, which are listed in the following nooh, the following tests are used:

Lomar D, a condensate of naphthalenesulfonic acids and formaldehyde, sold by Nopco Chemical Company, Newark, Hew Jersey will.

Blancol, a sulfonated condensate of formaldehyde and naphthalene, sold by Antara Chemicals Division of General Dyestuff Corporation, New York.

You can examine the concrete in terms of its strength can be performed using a variety of types of concrete, but usually the basic test is the C39 test American Society for Testing Materials, according to the invention mainly the properties of a concrete are examined, which represents a normal building concrete, namely a so-called "5-bag mix" in relation to the cement it contains, with a crushed whole grain together with a usual Ie-

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tonsanü (i.e. a large sand) is used. However, the orphan additives are also being investigated using high-strength mixtures, i.e. mixtures containing 7 or 10 bags of cement per 1 cubio yard, with the same beneficial effects as those below in connection with Mainly, the firmness is determined by means of a standard 5 "" Saok mixture Additives also have a beneficial effect on very lean mixtures. However, Me Standard-5-Saclaaisehung serves to illustrate the typical advantages that can be achieved _o

The standard Sestbeton is in a batch with a space requirement of approximately 28 1 {1 cubic foot) in a standard concrete lathe mixer with a fit of approximately 42 1 (1.5 cubic foot). The components are weighed out using test scales, the amounts used generally being 10.0 kg (22 lbs) cement, 25i4 kg (56 lbs) sand and 38.1 kg (84 lbs) ground Limestone with a nominal size of 19 »4 mm (3/4 "). Water is added initially in an amount sufficient to produce a pe.-like mixture produce. Then more water is added * until one .ISTM Abaitzteet a value of 228 mm (9 ») + 25 mm (1") results in »

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17712U

If an additive is used, the dry additive is usually added to the initially added water batch the cement is added, the eioh the addition of the remaining components. The Miooher is ahead the final water addition for 15 minutes In some tests, the order of addition is changed, based on the addition time of the additive or water, however, the reading results obtained show only a slight change. In general, however, the method outlined above will be used in carrying out the following The tests described are adhered to in order to be reproducible under as possible Conditions to work. As mentioned above, a Standard Absitatest for regulating the water content of the Mixture used to make different concretes on the baais one practically equal fluidity to be able to compare · It is furthermore possible, concretes with slightly different values of the Absitz " comparability by dividing the values through the resistance curves (slump-strength curves) can be reduced on the basis of exactly the same Abaitzeia. In terms of possible Errors are not corrected. They show the actual mixes as well as the sitting heights, which are below Use of mixtures can be achieved, which are produced with a view to ensuring that the same level of settlement is as far as possible can be obtained.

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The standard formula at which 100 g of the pest additives are added per mixture , "consists in adding 1% by weight of the additive, based on the Portland cement used,

In 3edem JPaIl the mixed concrete in ASIKkStandard-Druckfestigkeitsssylinder is χ with a dimension of 152 305 mm (6 χ 12 ") molded · In most! Cases, the residual concrete into blocks, which graze for Bewittcrungsteel'Jverwendet to in practice to examine the Fehlerloaigkelt and weather resistance of the batons for a long time, molded. They are built into a retaining wall blocks. the test cylinders are until cured under a humidity of 100 # and at a temperature of 21 ⁰ C (70 ° 3?) is held . Anechliessend they are in a test laboratory insgeeamt for 28 days under the same conditions examined, after which they are subjected by the C39 method aerstöranjlen pressure tests.

The additive formulations tested are as follows:

1081 Additive U-211 20th * Kelec.in 80 Lomar D 1081 Additive ü-210 40 * SeIoein 60 Lomar D

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Additive U-209

Keleoin 1081 Additive A. Additive FS-32 60 * Lomar D 40 # EoIeein 1081 45 # Alfonio 1412 0-8 10 # Lomar D $ 45

Commercial Soybean Lecithin 80 #

Alfonio 1412S 19 #

Commercially available foam control agent 1 f>

Additive 0-22

Commercially available hydroxylated Lecithin 48 pounds

Centrolene S.

Lomar D $ 48

Air entrained fabric $ 4>

Additive 0-21

Centromiz LP 250 48 i »

Lomar D 48 1>

Air entrained fabric 4 #

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• mo

Additive Π »177 Chip 80 Chip 80 Chip 80 2? 1 ° Trade sub! i the s oilseed
Lecithin Pülyo3 ^ äthy?, 0nsorMtmonolaurat
Ö1020 Sipcmate SGS Sipon M. 33 pounds Alfonio 14-12 A Loaiar D Lomar D Lomar P 23 1> Iiomar D Commercially available soliaiim
3 means of control Air entrained matter £ 20 fo Air entrained material PS-38 additive Additive U-217 1 # Sdiaum control agent Additive A-26 37 9ί 24 56 35? I 4 pounds 28? P 28 9ί $ 30 14 56 35 % 15? P 50? Έ

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17712U

Additive B-5

Chip 60 40

3: lpon EA 24

Lomar D 35

Chip 60 40

Alfonic 1412A 24

Lomar D 35

Commercial showcase

cteue: ni \ ngBmlt, hQl 1

Chip 60 40

Sulphate of Moiiost®aroylpolyglylcol 25 (Laboratory sulfate of Myr; J 45)

Lomar D 35

Additive A ~ 2

■■! ■! ■ ^ ■■ ιιττίΐ ■ mw — m ι »

Atmul 84 $ 35>

Alfonic 1412A $ 15>

Lomar D 49 9 ^

Sehaumstüuerungaifllttel 1 * f>

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Additive Chip 80 Keleoin 1081 Additive Chip 85 A-6 37 Tween 80 Lomar D Alfonio 1412S 24 Lomar D Alfonio 1412S Lomar D 35 Foam control agent Air entrained fabric Additive FS-31 45 40 10 5 FS-28 30th 34 35

Commercial foam control agent 1 #

Additive ES-60

Commercially available oil seed lastin alone

Additive PS-61
No 1081 alone

The following examples summarize the effects. which, when using the above-mentioned symbols for the passage

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management of! remainders are used, which are carried out in accordance with the above explanations.

Additive compressive strength, $> increase remarks

none

PS 38

170

U 217 239 41 f> PS 61 254 50 # A 2 257 50 # PS 32 279 64 # U 177 284 67 *

286

69

Weather resistance good. Fat paste-like misohung, tendency to Bleed out.

Resists weathering well.

Gross misappropriation, discontinued.

Excellent workability; not rough; Well collectable

Excellent workability

Medium Fat Misohung? Processable roughly optimal.

Oute resistance to weathering, surfaces retain an initial Polish very well at.

U 209 302 78 % Fats, easy to process
bare mix. A 6 303 79 # Good workability,
thixotropic. U 211 307 $ 81 üeidllohe processable
kelt. PS 60 316 86 io Gross misappropriation with the
Sohaufel light processing
workability, wet shrink
pech high.

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Additive compressive strength, # increase remarks

Bl 316 86 # Excellent mixture,

low wet swelling,

FS 28 320 88 $> Excellent processing

accessibility.

B 5 331 95 % All workable

ability, soupy mixture.

ü 210 352 107 # tolerable workable-

good weather resistance,

FS 31 367. 115 # Excellent workmanship

Availability, in the forms soupy, but fatty.

A 26 Excellent processing

availability.

A 33 * * Excellent processing

barkeito

ö 8 ** (325 ^) ** Soupy, coarse mixture o

ö 22 ffats, thixotropic

Mixture, excellent workability

21 fats, easy to process

Mixture*

* β tested only in a LabozvMikromisoher; the laboratory test shows an excellent firmness on qualitative

** S The comparison sample was accidentally made for the 0 8 mixture changed so that the values for this table are not comparable. The specified increase in strength only applies compared to a special comparison sample for 0 8,

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At

Other additives consisting of individual substances in category 3 »individual substances in category 2, sorbitan or sorbitol alone or from mixtures of substances in category 2 with substances in category 3 _P mixtures of sorbitan or glycerides with substances in category 2 and mixtures of sorbitan or Glycerides with substances of category 3 were tested, whereby it was found that they are ineffective for achieving a noticeable increase in strength or even have a negative effect on strength. However, as can be seen from the above examples, lecithins alone and lecithins mixed with Category 3 substances alone are very effective. Commercially available lecithin alone (a common, commercially available non-bleached liquid lecithin) used as an additive alone in a range of 0.1-3 »0 results in a noticeable increase in strength. There is a high degree of shrinkage during the initial hardening of the concrete aisi, in the order of magnitude of θ $> . the shrinkage occurring during hardening). In such applications, in which wet soaking is of no importance, the high strength that is achieved when using such concrete mixes makes the use of lecithin alone justifiable.

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Albeit the quantities of those selected from the three categories Substances, as shown above, vary within a fairly wide range of who can, so if so if the specified ranges are exceeded noticeably, it is possible to destroy the beneficial effects of an additive. For example it is found that if a substance of the category is used in too large a quantity, a concrete will be obtained which has many empty cells, v.'oboi the strength is considerably reduced.

It should be noted that many examples include the presence of air entrained substances, foam control agents, or the like. Such means are for the production of a finished concrete known and can, if necessary or if necessary, be added to concrete which contain the auditive according to the invention. The presence of these materials is in accordance with the invention not necessary, as the examples FS 32, FS 31 and U 210 show, in which such materials on the one hand maximum strength development promote and on the other hand hinder them. These Materials are usually used for other purposes, particularly to improve weather resistance as well the plasticization.

In general, it can be stated that the invention is mainly consists in the addition of the additives described, this addition such an increase in strength of a given

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»Emant-containing solution causes that, despite the relatively large amounts of additives that have to be added (preferred range 0.1 - 3 _s 0 $), which is associated with noticeable costs (1/2 to a few dollars per y & rd concrete) The increase in strength would still justify the cost of the additives. For further explanation it should be pointed out that the additives customary up to now are largely limited to sugar, hydroxy acids and idgnosulfonates, since the use of these substances is very cheap due to the low concentrations required, but only massive advantages are achieved used, the addition of which, however, leads to surprisingly favorable results. For example, in some cases, a compressive strength of $ 1-2 per cubic yard is achieved that cannot be obtained by adding more cement in an amount that costs $ 1-2. In fact, often no comparable results can be obtained even if more cement is added to the value of 5 dollars per cubic yard of concrete.

Furthermore, it is known from concrete textbooks that Festigkelten of 562 kg / cm (8000 psi or above) can be achieved, but only with the use of special aggregates Use of very high amounts of cement and very low heights, eo that compression is required. Even one Achieving 422 kg / cm (6000 psl) is difficult. Ss is on it to point out that the additives according to the invention have strengths

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Achieve up to 367 kg / cm ² (5220 psi) using lean 5-bag mixtures »if oxbrem fluid mixtures with a settling height of 228 nan (9") can be used. The same additives produce strengths of up to 515 kg / cm ( 7515 psi) with a giner height of 209 mm (8 1/4 ") if slightly richer 7-bag mixes are used. Comparable strengths with comparable settlement heights cannot be achieved in conventional concrete insofar as the amount of cement used is too high, so that unacceptable costs and hardening shrinkage occur.

In addition to the savings in direct material costs, another significant advantage lies in the fact that the additives according to the invention in such a concrete as partially! ' Substitutes for cement can be used, which can be used in hard-to-reach places should, in this case the transport costs for the cement are very high. For example, during war, the supply of cement to a combat zone is costly (the cement often has to be supplied by humans carried into such zones or flown to by airplanes), which also endangers human life will. The large volume that cement takes up, its weight as well as its water sensitivity increase the cost of using cement also noticeably. It's more practical and less costly to ship 5 bags of cement and 5 pounds of additive to a combat zone than the equivalent To carry 8 bags of cement into a combat zone as required

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would be to make 1 yard of concrete with a strength of 352 kg / cm Γ5000 psi). Similar considerations apply to work in remote areas, for example with regard to the
Construction of buildings in polar regions, on mountains or the like, since in these cases the costs for a transported cement bag are very high »

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Claims (1)

17712U - 84 ¹ ^ ta Claims Solidification additive for cement-containing mixtures, characterized in that they contain a noticeable amount of at least one substance which? the end. each one of the groups I and II are selected, wherein (Uc Group I the partial fatty acid ester of Cholinglyserophosphaten called Lesithine, and the group Tl modulation products the sulfoniartön Kondonsati from formaldehyde and a naphthalene and the salts of sulfonated. Eondensationsprodukte from Pormaldehyü and a naphthalene comprises · 2. YerfestigungsadditiT for sementhaltige mixtures, characterized in that there is a significant amount includes at least one substance dia from each one of the groups I and II is selected, wherein, the group I, the partial fatty acid ester of Cholinglyzerophosph & th _f called Lqζithine, and the group II the sulphate of the partial fatty acid esters of polyglycols, the sulphate of the partial fatty acid esters of polyglycols, the sulphates of the partial fatty alcohol ethers of polyglycols, the sulphate salts of the partial fatty alcohol ethers of polyglycols, the sulphates of the partial fatty acid esters of glycerol and the sulphates of the partial fatty acid esters of glycerol includes. BAD ORIGINAL 1 O 9 8 5 O / U 1 1 17712U 3. Solidifying additive for mixtures containing cement, characterized in that dr.BS daa additive consists essentially of a significant amount of at least one substance selected from one of groups I, II and III, group I being the partial fatty acid esters of sorbites, group II Ätlioxylate the partial fatty acid ester of sorbitan and ethoxylates III, the sulfonated Kondensationspxodukte sub formaldehyde and a naphthalene and the salts includes the partial fatty acid ester of sorbitol, and the group of the sulfonated condensation products of formaldehyde and a naphthalene. 4 «Liquor additive for cement hungry.» characterized! that they contain an appreciable amount of at least one substance selected from each one of the groups I, is selected II and III, wherein the Ckruppe I the partial fatty acid ester vcn sorbitols, the group II, the sulfates of the partial fatty acid ester of polyglycols _s the sulfate salts of the partial fatty acid ester of polyglycols, the sulfates of the partial fatty alcohol ethers of "polyglycolon", the sulfate salts of the partial fatty alcohol ethers of polyglycols, the sulfates of the partial fatty acid esters of glycerol and the sulfate salts of the partial fatty acid esters of glycerol and group III the sulfonated condensation products of formaldehyde and naphthalene (sulfonated condensation products also include forraal & onyd and ainem naphthalene. 1 0 9 8 5 0 / U 1 1 BATH 17712U 5 »" Setting additive for cement-containing mixtures, characterized in that they contain a significant amount of at least one substance which is selected from one of groups I, II and XII, group I being the partial fatty acid esters of glyserine, group II being Sulphates of the partial fatty acid esters of polyglycols, the sulphate salts of the partial fatty acid esters of polyglycols, the sulphates of the partial fatty alcohol ethers of polyglycols, the sulphate salsa of the partial fatty alcohol ethers of polyglycols, the sulphates of the partial fatty acid esters of glycerol esters and the sulphate salts of the partial fatty acid esters of polyglycols and Group III comprises the sulfonated condensation products of formaldehyde and a naphthalene and the salts of the sulfonated condensation products of formaldehyde and a naphthalene. 6. Setting additive for cement-containing mixtures, characterized in that they contain a significant amount of at least one substance selected from one of groups I, II and III, group I being the partial fatty acid esters of glycerol and the partial fatty acid esters of sort »itan as well as its ethoxylates, the partial fatty acid esters of sorbitol as well as its ethoxylates and the partial fatty acid esters of choline glyiserophosphates, called lecithins, group II the sulfates of the partial fatty acid esters of polyglycols, the sulfate salts of the partial fatty acids 1 0 9 8 5 0 / U 1 1 17712H acid esters of polyglycols, the sulfates of the partial fatty alcohol ethers of polyglycols, the sulfate salts of the partial Fatty alcohol ethers of polyglycols, the sulphates of the partial The acid esters of glycerine and the sulphate salts of the partial Fatty acid esters of glycerine and group III the sulfonated condensation products of formaldehyde and a naphthalene and the salts of the sulfonated condensation products of formaldehyde and a haphthalene and the salts of the sulfonated condensation products of formaldehyde and a naphthalene includes. 7. Additive after. Claim 1, characterized in that the group I substance makes up 20 - 80 %, based on the total mass of the additive, and the group II substance makes up 20 - 80% * 8. Additive according to claim 4, characterized in that the substance of group I 25 - 40 #, based on the total mass of the Additive, the substance of group II 15 - 30 # and the group III $ 30-50>. 9 · Additive according to claim 6, characterized in that the substance of group I 25 - 50 #, based on the total mass of the additive, group II 10 - 35 # and group III 20 - 80 H matters. 109850/1411 ~ 17712U S3- 10. Additive according to claim 6 _f, characterized in that the Su. η stanz dor group I 20 - 30 $, based on the total mass dG3 Additivsι group II 10 - 35 # w ^ d group III 20 «60 yes * 11. Be-coami sehung, thereby gsIcenaBeichaet that they, based on the weight, from 100 ropes of a hydraulic cement, 20 - 70 D! Eilexi water, 0 - 900 ropes a suitable additive ujid 0.1 - 5.0 ropes Leaithin. 12. Boton mixture, marked by the fact that Gie, based on the weight, from 100 ropes a hydraulic cement, 20 - 70 ropes of water, 0 «900 parts of an aggregate and 0.1-3.0 parts of an additive according to any one of the claims 1-8 exists. 1 0 9 8 5 0/1 A 1 1 bad original