DE175912C

DE175912C -

Info

Publication number: DE175912C
Application number: DENDAT175912D
Authority: DE
Publication date: 1900-01-01

Description

KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL

PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.

PATENTSCHRIFTPATENT LETTERING

- M 175912 KLASSE 42 Λ. GRUPPE- M 175912 CLASS 42 Λ. GROUP

Scheinwerfer für optische Signalapparate. Patentiert im Deutschen Reiche vom 4. Dezember 1904 ab. Headlights for optical signaling apparatus. Patented in the German Empire on December 4, 1904.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Scheinwerfer für optische Signalapparate und bezieht sich im besonderen auf die Anordnung der Linsen.The present invention relates to a headlight for optical signaling apparatus and relates in particular to the arrangement of the lenses.

Die Erfindung geht von der in der Optik bekannten' Tatsache aus, daß man bei gleichzeitiger Verwendung einer konkaven und einer konvexen Linse ein möglichst enges Strahlenbündel aussenden kann.The invention is based on the well-known in optics' fact that at the same time The use of a concave and a convex lens can emit a beam that is as narrow as possible.

ίο Eine entsprechende Anordnung bringt bei einem Scheinwerfer verschiedene Vorteile mit sich, wie sich aus folgendem ergibt.ίο A corresponding arrangement teaches a headlight has various advantages, as follows.

Um möglichst parallele Lichtstrahlen . zu erhalten, muß man entweder eine Konvexlinse von großem Durchmesser, aber kurzer Brennweite verwenden, die sich verhältnismäßig nahe an der Lichtquelle befindet, oder eine Konvexlinse mit größerer Brennweite, die in entsprechender Entfernung von der Lichtquelle angeordnet ist.About rays of light that are as parallel as possible. To obtain one, one must either have a convex lens of large diameter but short focal length that are proportionate to use close to the light source, or a convex lens with a longer focal length, which is arranged at a corresponding distance from the light source.

Die Verwendung einer Linse von größerem Durchmesser mit kurzer Brennweite ist aber aus dem Grunde zu verwerfen, weil sie so nahe an der Lichtquelle sich befinden muß, daß man sie praktisch in das Laternengehäuse selbst einzubauen hat, wo sie infolge der hohen Verbrennungstemperatur an der Lichtquelle Gefahren ausgesetzt ist. Außerdem muß in diesem Fall die Laterne wesentlich massiver und schwerer gebaut sein, als wenn sie nur zur Aufnahme und zum Schutz der Lichtquelle selbst bestimmt ist. Weiter muß die Blende außerhalb der Linse sich befinden, und es ist daher erforderlich, sie ebensogroß und unter Umständen größer als die Linse selbst auszuführen. Dabei wird die Blende aber schwer und kann nur langsam arbeiten, während andererseits ihr Gewicht bei der Arbeit Erschütterungen der ganzen Laterne und damit Ungenauigkeit der zu übertragenden Signale mit sich bringt.The use of a larger diameter lens with a short focal length is however discarded for the reason that it must be so close to the light source, that you practically have to install them in the lantern housing itself, where they as a result of high combustion temperature at the light source is exposed to hazards. aside from that In this case, the lantern must be built much more massive and heavier than if it is only intended to accommodate and protect the light source itself. Must go on the diaphragm is outside the lens and it is therefore necessary to make it as large and possibly larger than the lens itself. The aperture becomes heavy and can only be used slowly work, while on the other hand their weight at work shocks all over the place Lantern and thus inaccuracy of the signals to be transmitted with it.

Wenn man dagegen eine Konvexlinse von verhältnismäßig großer Brennweite verwendet, die vor dem Linsengehäuse steht, so werden die geschilderten Mißstände vermieden. Die vorspringende Linse kann von einem vom Laternengehäuse unabhängigen Träger aufgenotnmen werden, wobei das Gehäuse dementsprechend kleiner gehalten werden kann, da es nur zur Aufnahme und zum Schutz der Lichtquelle dient; dabei kann der ganze Apparat so gebaut sein, ,daß er schnell in einzelne Teile zerlegt und bei Beanspruchung von nur geringem Raum verpackt werden kann. Dazu kommt noch, daß eine kleine, leicht arbeitende Blende verwendet werden kann, und zwar an einer Stelle, die möglichst dicht bei der Lichtquelle liegt, wo also der Lichtkegel noch geringen Querschnitt besitzt. Es kann aber auch eine verhältnismäßig kleine Linse Verwendung finden, sofern nur dafür Sorge getragen ist, daß ein genügender Teil der Lichtstrahlen durch die Linse hindurchgeht.If, on the other hand, a convex lens with a relatively large focal length is used, which stands in front of the lens housing, the abuses described are avoided. the The protruding lens can be received by a support that is independent of the lantern housing the housing can be kept correspondingly smaller, since it is only for receiving and protecting serves as the light source; the whole apparatus can be built in such a way that it can be quickly moved into individual parts can be dismantled and packed if only a small amount of space is required can. In addition, a small, easy-to-operate aperture is used can, in a place that is as close as possible to the light source, where so the light cone still has a small cross-section. But it can also be proportionate Find small lens use, provided that care is taken that a sufficient part of the light rays through the Lens passes through.

Wenn sich nun aber die Konvexlinse außerhalb des Laternengehäuses, und zwar in erheblicher Entfernung von diesem, befindet, so muß im Gehäuse eine öffnung vorge-But if the convex lens is outside of the lantern housing, namely in is located at a considerable distance from it, an opening must be provided in the housing.

Claims

be seen, which allows the light rays to pass through to the lens. These But the opening must not simply be a Locli through which wind enters the interior of the Lamp, while on the other hand, if it were closed by flat glass, a not inconsiderable part of the light would be lost through absorption without the loss could be compensated for elsewhere.

However, if a concave lens is placed in the opening, not only is the entry of Prevents wind and rain, but also creates a great visual effect because of the Scattering angle is reduced.

The drawing illustrates the subject matter of the invention in side view (Fig. 1) and Cross section (Fig. 2). .

ι is the lantern housing, the front wall 2 of which is a casting 3 with a clamping ring 4, 6 for attachment to the tripod 5 carries. An arm 7 is also on the casting at 8 articulated, which serves as a carrier for the convex lens 9. One neck 10 of the arm lies in the position of use against a stop of the casting 3; a pin 11 is used to secure the arm with the lens in this position.

The convex lens is movably attached to the arm 7, e.g. B. in such a way that a cross-sectionally rectangular pin 12 in a corresponding hole in the arm fits, with the lens held in the required position by wing screw 13 will. The pin attached to the lens housing could, however, also be attached in a block be, which is in or on a guide of the arm 7 parallel to the optical Can move axis so that the position of the lens can be changed to z. B. bring about a change in the scattering angle.

The concave lens or a lens system 14 is displaceable in a tube 15 for the purpose of adjustment attached to the front wall of the lantern.

To prevent air from entering the interior of the lamp when the lens 14 is off should be removed for any reason, the opening for the tube 15 of be closed on the outside by a rotatable flap 16. To prevent the Lens 14 due to .von condensation of vapors on its surface starts and thereby becomes cloudy, narrow slots 17 are provided on the circumference of the tube 15 through which air can enter and wash around the inner side of the lens.

The lamp can be equipped with an oil or gas burner; she owns how out the drawing, a main reflector 18, which by means of resilient clips 19 is attached to the door 20 and a second reflector 21, which by means of brackets 22 is attached to the front wall 2. This reflector must of course with a Be provided opening for the passage of the light rays.

The diaphragms expediently consist of two crescent-shaped disks 23, 24, which swing around a common axis so that they are in one to the axis of the light rays move vertical plane.

If one of the two lenses is made of crown glass and the other is made of flint glass, so you can see both chromatic and spherical aberration up to one to a certain degree and the penetrating power of the rays of light accordingly raise.

Godfather νSPRING:

Headlights for optical signaling apparatus, characterized in that on the Headlamp dispenser in front of a diverging lens and outside of the headlamp housing a converging lens or corresponding lens systems are provided, for the purpose of using a relatively small headlight housing to send out as narrow a beam as possible.

1 sheet of drawings.