DE1758683A1 - Method and device for hot pressing refractory materials - Google Patents

Description

Yeri, qhren and device mm hot pressing refractory Materials, The invention relates to the Pox m anng refractory estntoite by Waxapreenen, especially devices and learn mm ra # looked at repeated Varmpreesen refractories controlled conditions in the absence Fron Bauerstoif mm practical table of their maximum theoretical density, With other methods, the questioning was usually only position of metallic and fired bodies of high density in industrial lbästab economically not reactable, were before nobledeae other Wbrsungemethoden, belepielnreise Laltprenoe »and sintering, berrorugß, since they bttraere var seldom required and booattat «ltöb per bebandeltex work .I rt be durchgei Uh komtea. Jedoo) i sets up the lheen berorsugten r erttbrex dsr, äa äeär @ lt woil @ OO @ efl tlear # ts can be inherited, pre-sintered products often one Have residual porosity. The rapid hot pressing process of the invention includes the following M aanaboen that durobge in a repeating sequence verdens (a) Pouring in a SaueretoffeuptiMliohsn refractory matt rials in a returnable pbrn or wrapper fireproof natwial and Gegeberieafälle Torerhitsen the felled Yorm, ` (b) Grouting the filled fons in a water press arranged erhttate lufnabaevorriohtung, with the face preferably svei movable? seßgieder aul @ eirrt, ( o ) Keep the Vsreprsese in a pr sctisoh oxygen-free ltmosphere, (d) heating the filled pore on a toaperat no sth 5 00 and 25vo 80 , ( e ) Aavendong a Druolns number 1 4 ; mtd 2100 hg / oa (2ü0 and 30,000 hon per sqaare in the *) gat des teurteote Rio- teria 4 lanerb ml % of lbsw wdbxosg ..Lee and i «poratas on a solobea ieitraus eiageeteUt e I 1d, de * die g « f» ohte 9erdiohtang, db, weniotene 97% .dt, fetinobea diobte «Avtoht VIA (f) wpsbitouta "Dbie, the 1 pof twr des W # ns @ v orot c * tf, beesr dan redtobt * t. lhtt" em, goh can abiühien and in any order, (g) Cooling the mold and the compacted materials in one practically oxygen-free atmosphere and (h) removing the densified refractory material au * of Shape, the shape being reusable in the process. While the filled lroxm # in Stage (g) cools down, another filled-in error can enter the warmpresee to condense their content to the gbxäaechten Density can be introduced. In the process, steps (g) and (h) can be in any Sequence to be carried out. The gate or cup can .a.- so with the compacted material remaining inside be cooled , and 'daa material is subsequently removed from the porn removed. According to 'the Alternativausf t can guide the compressed Material. Poured hot from the Yorm. and then in the Oaueretof-free atmosphere to be carbonized. The method according to the invention is used in the case of three different forms it depends on the refractory material in question and the print parameters, all stages in deviation the presence of oxygen. The oxygen-free environment environment can be obtained in that the system in one geecbioenenen housing is housed and a vacuum or maintain an inert gas atmosphere inside the housing will.:: t Optimal temperatures, pressures and application times can be used for each material to be formed in the hot press can be set up. Heat and pressure can be used simultaneously or in the specially designed desired order depending on the refractory material rial and the desired properties of the compacted product tes be applied. The method and apparatus of the invention put through the use of a reusable refractory mold or Shell containing the refractory material to be compacted, an economical and continuous process for hot presses. The use of the reusable orm enables light the rapid introduction and removal of many samples made of refractory material. in sequence in b $ w. from the warm. press and without interruption. This is achieved because the filled mold placed in a preheated holding device and can be heated quickly, and, more importantly, there the mold from the heated holding device in the hot press can be removed without cooling, so that the hot press becomes free for another form. The full operation inside the press for each sample can be done in a few minutes compared to hours that were often necessary in previous procedures were manoeuvrable. The method of the invention is based on the following drawings gerr. explained in more detail in which Fig. 1A is a vertical section of a filled Porm before entry guided tour in a hot press,. Figure 1B is a cross-section along line 1B-1B of Big. 1A, Fig. 10 is an isometric view of a molded container that has multiple, carries more forms, Fig. 2 is a view, partly in section, one for the invented according to the method suitable compacting press, wherein the Press a for. Application of heat and pressure arranged te shape,. 3 shows a horizontal cross-sectional view of the interior of a a receiving device divided into sections pointing hot press, Fig. 4 is a top view, partly in section, in full enclosed hot press and Eiliseinriehtung and Fig. 5 is a view, partly in section, of another embodiment. form of the suitable for the process of the invention * Neten hot press represent. The method of founding can sui a wide variety of refractories Roineaterialien, ie Nitride, Oarbide, 8oride, 8ilioide, Berylides, 8aliides and mixtures thereof and these Otoüe Verboxi- those with metals, for example ttolfranoarbid associated with Cobalt. The procedure is especially only diohtung von Voüranoarbid, Silioinnoarbid, Aluniniusoxyd, Tsum # talaarbide, titanium carbide and mixtures thereof suitable from the 9e stole with metals, e.g. cobalt, nickel, niokel Molybdenum alloys and the like. Before the The refractory material can be filled in powder form, in pre-digested form or in solid particulate form. Like from Big. 1A, a sample is to be compacted from the refractory material 1 in a cylindrical Parn or Uz- .sheath 2 inserted = according to. For some expensive raw materials, ie reactive refractory fvern, mn8 the $ initfllvorgaag in a practically oxygen-free atmosphere. The refractory material 1 is within this arrangement um- sohloasen and takes the form of? o m bohlrav m s 3. the Shape and dimensions of the lP ormhohlrauns and the @Xeme of the material encased in it, the final dimensions of the determine the pressed mass. However, the basic function of the 8brm in it, as a container for the warm-supressing material serve, and .she isn't necessarily a fber. The Orös s1 the pressed wetness is not critical, iodoob indicate dii More courageously used «form a Duurobsesser from 3 to 90 m (l / 8 to 3-1 / 2 laughs) umd ei »strength riox! up to 80 ms or "br tal. - ' The Q uirsobaiit denos @ r3 @ obtxrs . tto1 4 1d. 13) came 1 »bl rig1 loW tg U # au01f -esel m i4 ,» t, or 1r km @e be trained to give the finished body any desired stalt can be given. The cross-section can thus be circular shaped, triangular, rectangular, polygonal, oral, with notches be formed gene and ribs and the like. He can cal - from one end to the other. rejuvenate. and, if the end body should be hollow, he can happily ap The cross-section of the 7 # b # "2 itself can also be practical. de have any 1Porm, however . is it usually circular mig or square. The circular cross section is before. peeps, since he gives greater] pity than-- other geetald and it is a non-verio.be eeo A m or shell he wishes. The wall thickness of the form is not critical and stands in relation to the diameter of the object to be pressed and the pressure applied. The wall thickness must be such that they do I can withstand pressure if the diameter-- the part to be pressed or the pressure applied increases be sert, the wall thickness must be increased. The Besie hung between -the variables is not direct but can be dated Easily determined by those skilled in the art. The shape can be any of a number of refractory construction materials. riglien that have good resistance to high temperatures, like p.8. Aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, heryllium oxide, silicon car- bid, dornitride, eorcarbide, zirconium carbide, molybdenum tungsten, 1% ltramoarbide, titanium oorbide, tantalum carbide, titanium diboride, produced be steep, but it is preferably made of! graphite represents. The suegeh @ to material depends on the during the. . Preforgsage aultrstegden »mo» n and temperature « md the green se the de® Dmok deposited parts. Dtinas Badsoheiben or shut-off elements 6 are in the Ybrrhohi- space 3 on the upper and lower fe the materials to be pressed eageordaet, with the lower son usually vor- do® DintO.len the material was placed in the cavity. These Boheiben-and ans produce a® refractory material, such as for example added above, but vorsngewetse made of graphite, and weep tightly against the walls of the ordeal cavity . Btefl or piston 7 are d m a in both ends of the yors ant- pushed, with the pistons sliding into all narrow passages Walls of 80 190c11 m . With correct Autdrßokan if the piston 7 is in contact with the disk be 69and the other * Mde says from the form. Under win To ste m s, beiepielsweiee whom the geMlte 8om in 'vertical IÄge trantrporti place vird, 1 am de rweol MU tg be you suitable . Üttel da eis " - um. A. @ Ratseffen @ der. Piston 7. ans der äom 2 «v" himesha. 'This' 1umdsä u # ah er ` »Is worth it. ws @ cä,; has -Qr nnie "Ieil de4 piston eia = g " e r m . goren ßnerartsictürt Alder der Heil den Zubesn angsa to the Endabberglieder 6. The aohmäier part can be in the Shape in and out of it, while a rip pe 35 around the bottom 3 of the downward movement des.Forahohlraumn The piston parts with a larger cross-section are limited and holds the plunger in place. The pistons can also be made in the form by facilities Timber and groove are held in place. & a can a drill bolt 36 has been fitted into a suitable hole in the 7orm and extend therethrough into a groove 37 in the piston. the Groove runs in from the outer end of the tolbenn on a point near the inner end. According to another filling process, the refractory material can in the mold cavity 3 in a series of Bohiohten, which through non-reactive spacers (not shown> from another # ran refractory material separately, have been introduced. With this Mlung a number of separate segments in one Preßrorgang be epressed. Bbentalis to stti; orss, if you came to a pormbt- h4ltOr 5, as in Pig. 10 903019t, use. Hey this expression Several forms of guidance are given in the most appropriate standard 2 in Firmly fitted recesses in the Hehilter efgeitihrt, where the container is also made of a suitable refractory Na # ttriai is established. The accused Ybrm. J.cu m, while the material 1 is loosely paired in it, or it can be given ' if to the Vereinfaohu @ the Saadbsb = C a Drnok. from 14 . until . 28 lrg / amu2 (200 to 400 pounds per sqnare iah) on the Zoiben T be given in a more compacted refractory Wo # - be to, received a. ! t this »point in time can the; rorr if necessary before the 1 h aidbrvng in the xsrmpresie Urerden. These The length of time hardened in the hot press since, nm . bring the 'teusrleste material su on Plterpmtnr. The] lbii 2 is then eixrgsf u rt in the vsrnpresse, as alige- # be in rig. 2 is extftert. ..,. . . . . The body of the Vsssp »sse 8 is operated in a setisohabgeeohlosseaen walking box 9. »» Orbguse is through a Irrümg 1,0 with etä not ae »i 4th Y mrpu re connected. the the ßebäuse on deal sohten taku m pressure, usually under 1 mm 8g and vorsngwrise under 0i. 1 am hrlt. The vacuum iah er torderlioh, since the normal »edte @ rpesiaturn triele fwsrw_ fixed weaves and the parts of the chess set selhit o 27 dteren . Branch of the Talanss can tnteslblb det @ Aebäwed a b aosphdre auireohter ffl th: .3r km so eia ple how beispteiswise äeliur or Avon, uses «oddrt = s piriose xiirride 1t tnedaf ,, km an ätio rio "tatrsi be applied. The inert atmosphere in some cases carries also contributes to the dissociation of the refractories to be pressed Compound to prevent sB nitrogen when applied together with nitrides, but their application can lead to greater heat measurement losses through the walls. of the housing, as the inert gas is a better conductor than vacuum, Two press temples or , Colben 11 and 12 are in the Warapresee arranged so that they come together in terms of pressure application. work. A stamp 11 is located on the bottom of the housing and the other stamp 12 on the upper part: The stamps are used for Arrangement of form 2 in the hot press and also for feeding leadership of the compression adruekee. The stamps are nete devices, sB hydraulic or pneumatic work » cylinder 46 (see Fig. 4), to produce the desired Pressure actuated. It is preferred that the stamps be used independently can be moved depending on each other or simultaneously and that both stamps can be moved during the application of pressure. This double action results in a more even pressure division within the form compared to a simple pressure effect, ie a stationary stamp and a movable one ,Rubber stamp. However, for pressing thin samples, a simple Pressure can be applied in a satisfactory manner. A display device 13 can be connected to each stamp in order to .Display the extent of the stamp movement and thus a jam. - ' reg the position of the yor m within the press au and the luarraß of terdiohtmg of the refractory material 1 aa: nsei- gen (as explained in dea @ äig. 1A and 13), Die Maden 4 der . Stamps exposed to the high fratu 'n and draoken. are, are norsug wines. made from orsphite. The nithrend des erind = given procedures sasewaäetea Drnic- ke lay inallge®siaea between a «Minisus ioa about 14 to 1100 kg / = 2 ( 200 to 10 000 par ) , @ ' edo oh comb when in operation lower 2 temperatures, for example 1000 IC . with Xo1jbdgn, .:. Ditto ". To 2100 kg / 0-2 (30,000 psi) s are turned, whether- , gleiohidiei is generally not necessary, 'xisr in the required pä xb tur applied M ruok may ..chenä, be, in the @ Mäterlal or the sample 1 on -eine Dichts @ Vba weaigetene 95 ! Ss des te dis i V i includes upcoming -firefests mIasse theors- tisöben value and occasionally over 99 in the vnrdiohten: Ir tievehighest Viill will put the sample on. 100 gigs in theory »I am sorry , _ ... :. . , T The apparatus of the press consists of sium syliadri- sohen hr 1 4 with a. Induction coil .15 um üeist. feet »upper f1gahe, Coil Lot nit a geelgneß`a elrki ri Bohan source, page 8. one u . ldeub & -w t # or soohfreqtrlrior ,. @ i @ ertiidea: Des ft mei.to14 Lot gföbg & ioh a »oim leit «d« material, we love, gie # Usdun, Qm »odos a, ft" 1lindeaittel or im = * varbMÜenere Asbestos hofst Ü lt. L » r Annular space of the heat metal solie, rolir is with thermal insulation 16, ie RuE, gohxefasein- or cloth, powdered graphite and the like, aungpf111. t ;. This hot press delivers `eäme by induction, whereby this Kind of heating a smoky heating up, heating to a very high level high temperatures, a @ iätn Tz temperature control as well as rapid and repeat ..- te Tc: mperati: -rändoy.unaen made possible. #but can- nen depending on the press anorc = riulg; and other operational characteristics mn: sen, Widerntandsheizun, r ;, d: e '.'. rktriac # hen Pxhitzen, heating by hot vapors or c'Fsci ocer by Pls; cmabrenner, also be applied. Cons.;: TandsY7eizunr, is often economical ! m consumption, and part @ of each induction coil can be carbon chemical resistance adsr. ten to recycle%. Hei dar. AucifUhruni "sforn .. using induction heating int within the itßizror-rn ety_ heated Suazeptor 17 nnreord- Red. This device b; zl "tr kt the r, heating of the filled Form 2, while in `.nh: .ckrufrahmer @ tel @ .un; is arranged. Of the. usxe # itor @ ai: so that no position within the Tubes 14 stationary i.nt ui (., The shape "in its interior exactly e inpnß t. The-before the Eiiü Uh # = f, dor form by the induction epule pre-held .1, -e; ur fU1irt a r: ynchoa heating up and gives dnr form 2 gni; o;: ens? ninlin when a pressure is applied additional supports. In many cases, the forum is set within an appropriate tors and! .n spaced from it. With this evaluation 'tors the ousseptor does not provide any lateral support M c die rors, and the fora is only through., Radiation quickly heats. This execution ageiorm is in Pig. 3 reproduced in the ice form or urnantelnng 2 within a fteseptorn 17 is arranged. The sueceptor is un gsfor le in this situation at the same time the Seiselement and , as shown, consists of a resistance heating in the arm of a cylinder. However kaan if necessary, look for an induction heisnag can be used. The heated sus $ eptor can be removed from the the same most expensive building materials as the? poor, whereby Gmphit is preferred The temperature generated within the Preoee and the very close the keyboard obtained from the Bora can be mater or a trotting pyromotor. One innre 18 in the tfehgurre g laenn with a ß »phitsobauroär 1g, @ which extends through the leg tube 14 into the heated »susceptor 17 e » treohic, to be fied out. Dhs ter km so snt 'trr> solidifies the heated one. eusutptqro 17 in large «Wam de. ! 4t e rtals in. The me! vrenrdet, wnucda, Den rn he weMete P, OSOter @niobt ggt) to in insight only @ teuardtw @ ar- wfe wed geZbrn seläa # muten h librie rb u,. no ded. # 1e tatlioba! tplW d11 refractory material 1 can be determined from the readings. Information obtained by the vam radiation pyrometer is an automatic temperature control possible, whereby the information tion to regulate the power supply to the coil 15 is applied. Automatic control is also possible using thermo- moelemente @ ale pftlorgan possible, however @ the pyrometers have . at temperatures above .1500 ° C a much longer life permanent . The temperatures generated are generally around. @x 500 bi® 2500% and under the meant operating conditions is one Temperature of at least 100411C required to be reliable Manufacture of high density refractory materials. The Mu- Fabrics of the ripping press usually deliver a maximum temperature from about 2500 4G,. because above this temperature most of the The substances used do not have any genetically harmful effects. To load the hot press, the filled mold 2 can be placed on a ner suitable PQrdereinriehtung 21, a roller conveyor, such as in Pig. 2, arranged @ and either directly into the 11-arm prolgdhgu®e 9 with subsequent evacuation of the housing or through a suitable air handling unit 20 in the WarmpredgeUuse. - getfhivt, whereby the casing köntinuisrlioh under acidic is kept in an open-air atmosphere. The sole insert 20 came, be provided with sliding bars controlled by autgatieoh pneumatic cylinders are operated. According to other embodiments not shown, instead of le of roller conveyors a mechanically rotating round table be applied to the forms 2 within the housing transport. For example, a round table must have a Variety of openings: to hold the molds underneath the Hot pressed body be arranged. The table is mechanically rotates and has facilities for position adjustment to the Rotation when a mold is placed over the lower punch to interrupt. A sprocket drive can also be used will. The chain has mechanical devices, ' to hold the shape along a raceway for press position and move. The chain can have one at one end with it an electric motor connected to a gearwheel who is driven, the. The sample can also be along parallel guideways or along a channel by means of horizontal sliding or pushing devices movements are moved forward, While moving through the above-mentioned conveyor equipment various mechanical devices for securing hold the shape, such as a shape holder 38 same Fig. 4), can be applied. The holder 38 has a nen cavity in which the filled form 2 with piston? (ver same A g @ 1A) is arranged, with the shape on an ab-- set vorapringenden edge 39 is stored. The cavity the mold holder can also have such a Durebmeeser, that the narrower part 34 of the piston (compare Big. 1A) calibrated however, the larger part extends through the offset th protruding edge 39 is retained. hall this Embodiment is applied, it is not necessary to im lower piston the arrangement of the bolt 36 and the groove 3? or the rib 35 (see Fig. iA) to be provided. The aging is due to the conveyor device used, both game-like hand, roles, chain and the like, arranged and is moved by or on it. The bracket will moved on until the] cabbage space containing the shape is in is in a straight line with the position setting test. Of the The lower punch is then recovered through the cavity, the Piston 7! N gear and lifts the porm and piston - # arrangement in the heated Suezeptor 17. After the Porm is in the housing, it can be in a Yorerhitser (not shown in eig. 2) @ rorerhitnt. Or directly to be brought to the Wampresee. Hey the in? Kg. 2 illustrated teh the hot press moves the roller conveyor 21 the grain forward until the initial shape swisohen the two movable rams 11 and 12 betindet, that is, until they tiber d «lower stamp 11 is assigned. At serving time if the lower eaupel is operated, the Zorn La dem dio k rnandi- geu heated Ousseptor 17 to arrange. The upper punch 12 came, if necessary, to be set,. mm. me arrangement of the pore 2 in the gohtsn. Standing inside the heated snssoptore 17 contribute ... The Ameigegerate'13 informs workers, If the desired arrangement is reached. At . some Aamend mgeu, in which sU r dcer md newer loaded »I am in awe, loose st-erwnaeoht Legs gnr Order and conditions of the] form 2 the heated $ w ;. meptors 17 means vossueshen that. von den ste ffl ln 11 , bn 12 as well as the piston 7 mmbbäagig bind. ls can therefore move * äohlrohre or @ os @ o-? grsiasteilnngeeisrl: ohtuxn (not gs-. shows) do molded feaesfuqten material. so arranged . would that they consatriso4 the flask siaä nad this ml give. These tubes strrea eiassr voloben mrcar anfrei Where , that they just the lhrrs and a, Vht the pistons The-: se ßobi »e move aiob ' either independently of the stmpsln d iW oh äederlcratt or through opds » Mz * iohtmgen and bring the grooved anger within the V wowffl eee in dis correct 8th lun «, and iraohdes who arranges porn for eshitst is be @ ngext the atenpel inauhslb the pipes . v ad 'rings the Ysiäioh- tvuagsds @ aolc -on. This Aue fthmp tom -tat. beeondq »ga» tigu cream,: orabehUt «S @ die seärera pl = te Porwrn Tathalt», Be used. IU * AuiUrtem, at de dar l o bUo lw or the qmm ? @ poi @ tstellgstiohi @ u: rg du "sowing on * the 1 day- is divided into iat, is in Pig. 5 reproduced. The tube 47 carries the mold 2 while the end of the punch 11 carries the piston 7. A similar arrangement can be applied to the upper punch or, more simply, a separately stored pipe ger 48 can be used as a stop against which the upper edge te the mold 2 held due to the spring force of the springs 49 that the lower tube 4.7 upwards against the lower edge of the Print Form 2. After form and content in your way in the sus- $ eptor can be arranged by the stamp 11 and 12 pressure be applied to the piston 7 '. The upper punch 12 can calibration free within the fixed, cylindrical stop or abutment 48 move. Stamp-11 can see the limited Distance necessary to compress, compress, move the sample the lower tube 47 around the punch 11 during the compression The device remains stationary while the springs 49 are pressed together will. After the arrangement, due to the fact that the Su®- septor 17 värerhi, tst, the form Q and the Abe refractory Matescial 1 quickly brought to @ ,; r temperature. Then pressure is applied by the punches 11 and 12 to the to achieve the desired compression. The optimal temperatures, Prints, the sequence of use and the application times can Every material to be pressed has been selected fairly. Trap a porm container 5 containing several single shapes, is used as in eq. 10, the container 5 are treated in the same way as the individual forms 2. The punches 11 and 12 are then designed so that they are the same exert the same pressure on each piston 7 in good time. After completion of the desired press process, the pre- ` Form 2 containing sealed material from the heated Bueeep- gate through.DetiLtiguag the stamps 11 and 12 ejected and loaded starts to cool down immediately. The shape can easily be derived from the Bnnseptor must be removed as it is not in with the sueseptor 8erähramg stands. ! After expelling dee. "Thin-branched formet or shells, the hot Baaseptor 17 ready to pop the next filled for one further feßworgaag autsunebmen. There is no time mm E r- hitanng or cooling down between the @ reßvorvorvorearlore @ i. ßegrbouenfalie the compacted material can now the pore 2, while it is still hot; ejected * earth. Whether the Ahme dang of hot or cold. Ejection of the material is optional is of the special kind the condensed materials: ab. his 1Asiäsuesto8 »whether the il'armptesgang. and ttsrxten sun d `, Wsm »ssuneepto @ 1'l is the shape on the im rebolderung 38 aügrördnet. The ättäipsl continue their `ag = g, so that the Piston 7, shut-off elements 6 and the compacted material from the Form ejected from the recessed protruding Edge 39 is supported in the Nalterunehohlraum. The forranordnuäg and the compacted material then becomes oxygenated Environment cooled down. (38) Case the cavity of the bracket was designed so that the Further movement of the stronger part 34 the piston, as above hend described, was disabled, the aging of two have mutually connected hollow spaces (not shown). One these cavities has a larger Dnrohmesner, so that he the However, Form 2 does not support the larger part of the piston. In operation, the filled mold is placed in the narrower] cabbage chamber, and afterwards it is from the Stamping brought to the larger pile space, whereby the 7 conveyor device 21 has moved the holder during the Preüoyolsur. The punches then push the pistons, shut-off elements and the sealed material from the, larger cavity, while @ the vor held on the offset projecting edge of the Wohlraums will. If the sample is not expelled from the forest the fore men containing the pressed material on the 16r- device 21 and brought into a within the Varnpreis- housing held cooling zone 23 over clocks. The tUhlvone points also open angry, dead-free Atrosphrre. The output form is cooled in the cooling zone or chamber 23 while the next shape is pressed. laughing the cool down will be the Form To the second automatically controlled pneumatic Zuftechleuee 24 and then moved out of the press right vacuum atmosphere. A suitable one Stamp can then be used to remove the compacted'Materiele also the shape or shell can be used. Instead of a fixed one, etch one piece of formed one Heated susceptor 17, the susceptor can also be in two or more parts 33 be subdivided, / the double-acting hori- Central pneumatic piston 22, as in Pig. 3 explains # ^ can be structured. Through the horizontal flask ka. '9ruck be applied to the mold 2 against the by the vertical punches 11 and 12 applied pressure at the Support compression of the sample. This system is baft, if higher yerdt.chtungad "uoks (over 280 kg / cm2) (4000 poi ) are required. In operation, the norm is introduced into the susceptor system and removed from it, w: you are the Susneptornboehritte 33 in open position present (: gen. Each section moves up The reason for the double -acting pneumatic punch 22 a short Strecku,: .H. 193 cm (1/2 inch), from the open area ment to the gcochloanenen position. During the heating # - and Pressing is the 3 orm 2 by the Susaeptorabsohnitts which the form 2 enclose, inevitably gentlemanly. After the breaking process has ended, the horizontal pistons 22 then under-opening the 'sections 33 are sucked back , whereby the mold 2 is easily released. Such an operation results in minimal wear of the Parts. It is also possible to wear or sand the shape by using a fixed press time lining refractory material. If abrasion occurs, it is then possible to use only the (resulting lining to replace. In a technical process it is advantageous to use the whole Operation using interconnected chambers, which are -filled with an oxygen-free atmosphere and Crying openings with rubber gloves by workers Manipulations can be carried out to enclose (. See Fig. 4). The unfilled mold 2 with the lower piston 7 arranged and the shut-off element 6 is entered into the air handling unit 31 leads and brought to * the mold holder 38. The shape will introduced while slide valve 40 is open and sliding valve 41 are closed. After the shape is inside the fragrance lock is located, daa echiebeventii 40 is closed open and the air in the Immer replaced by an inert gas. The forums is made with powdered refractory material the Lademeßvorriehtung or the Ptilleuteiler 23 filled. the Filling is done by someone outside the gam®er Man with his hands in rubber gloves covered in the Extend the chamber into it. The chamber is then evacuated. The bottom valve 41 is then opened, and the front valve is closed ouch! the shape holder 38 becomes the Yorerhitser 2? passed on directs. The pre-hit, for example an induction coil, is moved downwards to move the mold through the hydraulic cylinder to enclose linder 42. Means can also be used be put to the front in a fixed heater to lift and then downscale again. * After-the pore heating, the front is through the stamps 11 and- 12 brought into the hot press 28, while 1n the press the in the compacting refractory material 1 heat and pressure is set, -to the usual density, 99 am 100% of the theoretical retic density. After the hot pressing the filled front 2 from the heated bus tor 1'1 removed by the combined action of two punches and brought to äie ... fprmhalterana 38. The Fora 2 is then through the conveyor 21 continues to move until it is in the KUhlsone bsw. located under the heating device 23. The Xiibl The device can be: a series of copper pipes , through which cold water runs. The cooling device 23 can lowered and from the front through the action hxdraali- Where cylinder 43 are going away from. The next one in front will then arranged on the center line of stamping and pressed in the same way. There is no between cycles additional heating of the bus septor or a cooling time forderlioh. After the end of the gUhlvorgenge, the stroke valve 44 opened, and the Borm is in the previously evacuated exit lock 32 moved. The stroke valve 44 is closed, and the pressure in the soleplate 32 can be reduced to atmospheric Rise in pressure, the blow valve 4.5 is open. The #ustrittsaohleuee 32 is then opened, aaä the Bora is removed from the Warspresee. The pressed refractory material 1 is then put on the] form 2_ by a suitable hydraulic or pneumatic stem pel or pestle (not inclined) removed, and the] shapes are to the Iuttsohleuse 31 suritokgetuhrt for reuse. If necessary, the sm can remove the material from the Standard used punches or plungers within the housing be appropriate, but this is me * required. In the] fig. and up to the Naxapru- sen described as a process in a vertical Austähru M been, d., b .. the pistons move in a vertical direction. The discovery, however, is not and can be durohgetUhrt, because # the priority riohtang in a horizontal len level is operated with low Ugigea Xadernngen. For example, the stamp can be in a borisoatal plane be movable and the norms through the tiehäase in one pex * Ilel moved to the axis of the direction indicated by pel Q ri] foxm®n can rely on a hurried ] fdsr- brought into alignment that the axes of the pistons are parallel run to the axes of the sticks. Set suitable Iffl Slow devices can be used, ns individually to forward loraanordanng from the funding institution and bring with the punches in a straight hini e. The stespel then bring the? orswnoränuag to Verdiohtnngeberisndlimg ho- risontal into the heated bus septor. Naoh termination of the prea- syklus, the? ora ton dm bearing is removed by the Stoffel and dropped off where the @sgeeinstellmrorrichtungsn they . to the lördereiariobtang for transport to the KBbl and l nt laduapsonen suröokföhren. , The amount of pressure applied md the serperstar sun the side of the text grounding are «from t« «- solid materials are very important. In is in the 2sobaik knew that the camouflage was a very wiobtif httor only in- stisruag der phsillisohen ] R igeneoäafen- From tenor festivals representing condensed läusia. Mine is priageKora Green very expected, as never raised values of the pb "ilcalisob» 8igensobatten, especially the fatness abd Urtee is wrong. The application ton Wöme is vesentliob rare knowledge of diobten, suuesmmevening tdrpern, jedoob supports an IMW andanerade Ausseteani across from Vonperstnrea v the Berstellnag the moraw fruit, and? "from those under pressure have been heated, have a higher toramohstm rat skr 401- Oboe that is not on the radio at the same Te op esatur . please wnrdoa. When na fired « flve» from very. Part size - often gave the best results obtained that the temperature was increased very rapidly, wherein the pressure applied late in the cycle and at the Minimum temperature during the period more perfect The necessary network time was maintained. The Verghhren of the invention is particularly advantageous to whom it is fertilization with very fine particles is used, as it increases Reason of the reinforcement is possible, the particles at the ho- hen semperatar-lediglioh for a short period of time hold and thus a compression without undue anger growth is achieved. For other materials there is hardly a shorter time at Mvsi- to be awake at maltemperature, nm an outgassing, sintering and Removal of the largest pores before final compaction to enable. In other pills it is prevented -den Apply pressure early within the cycle. In sftli- en chen Pill, it is clear that Bedluganjen DSSS of eempemtur, Pressure and side are critical. You vsriierea- for every fire- solid material and must be set precisely and very quickly be: The sorstehe K e procedure enables this regulation as accurate and smoke as required, resulting in superior pro- products in much more history than blsher might lioh rare to be inherited. Rapid heating can be used in the above procedure u by pressing in de compacting refractory materials and the reusable mold (which can be partially preheated can) reach into a hot sunceptor in order to solid sample rapidly to the final temperature by radiation or Heat pipe. The sample will merely be long enough to bring about the desired compression on the temperature held. The ejection of the filled mold from the rice zone allows rapid cooling of only the small ones with the Sample connected mass, itnd this is done without pressing the next rehearsal. Enable when combined these stages a highly effective production of fine-grain, warm pressed bodies that are very firm and hard. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention The following stages are carried out in the process; being on Fig. 1 in connection with the description of the filling of the form as well as on fig. referenced for the hot pressing process will: The shape 2 used is a cylinder with an inner diameter knife of 25 am (1 lach), an outer diameter of 38 mm (1 1/2 inches) and about 100 mm (4 holes) in length. the Discs 6 have a thickness of 6 mm (174 lach) and one Diameter of 25 mm, and the pistons 7 have a diameter knife of 25 mm and a hanging of 50 mm (2 inches). 20 g of a powder, the commercially available® a- aluminum oxide with an average particle size of 0.3 p. having, is filled into form 2 as follows = 1: The mode separator disk 6 is brought into the filling mold 2. 2. The lower piston? is in the Einttillform under touch the floor cutting disc is used. 3. The lower flask and the raw slice are about 38 m apart. wte pushed into the Fords. 4 .. 20 g of powder are in the upper] edge of the hair dryer The pul-rer is evenly filled into the fora. Dien gird German Lroh achieved that the outside of the form ter Drebi # -ng zek :: Dpft will. .upper 6 is placed on top of the egg viu:, - hung up. "The upper piston 7 is in contact with the upper separating AnyW, e brought. 4 ': f :). f e-ulben-, iil n ßacheiben- and ß V11venordnu- '-'7., @ 3üC ,, _e the powder in the center of the @@ - .., .h. s a '' * the ®both the upper els the lower piston " -n. @ g: the jorw h®.iauiragen. 9. A filling pressure of 14 kg / am2 is used to solidify the order exercised. The shell or mold structure is then aged brought and on the roller conveyor 21 in the Iaitsohleune 20 the hot press. The hurtsohlenee is evacuated and the mold is inserted into the hot press housing. The roller conveyor rer transports the fora until he has the? orm on the mean-- line of the punches 11 and 12 has arranged . to be picked up. , The Grapbits m eptor 1? was prepared by induction to 1000 ° C , heated. The great shape structure in straight Dixie with the Pressure stamping is then carried out with a minimum pressure of 14 kg / om2 held between the printing stamps and stored in the @ oh @ rsnm des brought hot sasseptors. 3e are about 3 meows of radiation since necessary for the mold structure to keep the temperature of the bus to reach tors. After this period, a Pressure 'of 280 kg / om2 on the Pulvet 1 in the Foxes by the Pressure stack and piston exercised. More noise is generated by in- Induction fed to the sample to 1500C in about.> minutes to heat. It is held at this temperature for 5 minutes. while the pressure of 280 kg / o »2 is maintained. The heating is then stopped, the pressure released and the ? orm immediately removed from the Swaeptor, while never again derum swisohen the broth temples with a slight pressure is held. It is returned to the holder and the punch moved away from the center line. The mold cools in the cooling chamber 23, while subsequent forms in the same chen way be pressed. After the mold has cooled down, it is removed from the hot press housing conveyed out through the air lock 24. The condense tet material is extracted from the filling mold with a small hydraulic tied stamp. The powder is at a footen hard, non-porous, completely dense refractory body has been pressed and the mold is suitable for reuse. According to another exemplary embodiment, the following lowing stages performed, referring to Fig. 1 in conjunction with the description of the filling of the form and on hig. 5 for the heat compression process is referred to. The form 2 used is cylindrical, has an inner diameter diameter of 76-am (3 inche®), a Außendurchmeaaer of 127 mm (5 inches) and a height of 200 mm (8 inehes). The shit ben 6 have a thickness of 6 mm (1/4 inch) and a diameter diameter of 76 mm (3 inchea), and the pistons 7 have a Diameter of 76 mm and an inge of 100 mm @ 4 inches) on. 290 g powder, which is a commercially available α-aluminum oxide with a mean particle size of 0.3 / u, is filled into a form 2 as follows: 1. The bottom separator 6 is brought into the PUlliorio 2. 2. The lower piston 7 is in the PUllform under BRrtihrumg . the Bodenentrenaeoheibe used. 3. The lower piston and disc will be about 38 me ( 1 1/2 inobeel- pushed into the mold. 4. 290 g of powder are poured into the top ic de of the porm. 5. The powder is poured into the pore smoothly. this is done by tapping the outside of the yorm while holding it is rotated .-. 6. The upper Trenmoheibe 6 is filled on top of the Powder applied: 7: The upper piston 7 is in contact with the upper Trema- brought seheilbe. B. The piston, Trenwoheiben- and PUversupbau is moved, until the powder is brought to the center of the pores or probably the upper and lower piston of the same length from the lbrn stick out. 9. Bin Pflldruok of 14 kg / omt is used for ver = estianng the 1a Order is given. The Vorssutbsu is then in a laites @ meg mm a roll Conveyor 21 brought into the Wtseblewe 20 of the Vsrmpresse. , The soleplate is evacuated and the front in the Warspre8- housing transferred. The role of the roll moves the form further, until the shape is on the center line of the lower punch 11 is arranged to be seized by the Oteirpela. The bus septor 17 consists of a Viderstandaheisang and was pre-bittered to 10001C. The lulled Yormautbau in just the line with the lower Dmketarpel becomes @ dam in the bite 3useeptor lifted up, with the? Oral through daa on your lower The pipe 47 supported by the ram and the toibea 7 are approved will. The pipe and the lower one raise the front ter up into the suseptor until the presumptive boils down and held in place by the fixed splinarisobic support 48 will. Then a Kinaeet pressure of about 14 kg / on2 is carried out the upper pressure stamp 12 and the lower printing stamp 11 exerted on the piston 7. The cedar 49 is pressed sueamäea, whereby the lower pressure tube 11 into the constant tube 47 can penetrate. 3e approximately s ylinuts are required to with the Yorman arrangement the temperature of the Bueseptors is reached. According to this timeframe, a pressure of 280 kg / «2 on the powder 1 in the vor by the Druokstenpel and Kolb exercised. Further warmth is brought about by resistance legs, to request the sample at 13001C in about 5 minutes , you will Maintained 3 utes at temperature while printing voe 2 1g / o »2 is retained. Then the pure Abg broohen, the pressure relieved and the shape immediately out the Suez septor while they turn from the pipe 4? is supported; when the lower plunger is down is withdrawn through the pipe and the baths 49 can stretch. The form is then returned to the Balterumg brought and and moved the punch away from the center line. The Porm cools down in the counting chamber 23, while the subsequent Bormen are pressed in the same way. After the vorm has cooled down, it is sne @ the what m pre9- housing through the Iaitschleuse 24. Dae ver sealed material is made of the Püllfors with a small hydraulic ram pushed out. The powder is au a test, hard, niobt-porous, fully k @ ea seal refractory body has been pressed, and the Vorm is for Reuse suitable. The procedure of curing can be varied to suit yourself different heat conditions snsupass «r less. wU »obt is to achieve eia 2esperatargleiobpwiobt, be before any pressure is applied, you can find the following: struggled with regard to the tea level Ausi "Bhruage-- shape can be made. Sun next won't be an initial one . Verdiobtuagsdruok exercised from 14 kg / om2, and the upper Stamp 12 is not used during de = Isgeei @ r @ ieliuag the anger within the @ srmeß @ rgers bum. 8agseptors 17 ierveaäet. So there is no pressure on the refractory material, before the equilibrium temperature reaches the maximum desired th temperature is reached. Full pressure can then be applied quickly be exercised and during the minimum period to gain the density can be maintained. The bodies that can be produced by the method according to the invention have multiple uses wherever hard, firm, high- temperature- resistant materials are required, e.g. as Cutting tool tips, forms, drills, measuring blocks ( gage blocke), Yentileitze and the like.

Claims (1)

pa @ s @ 1, to rriederholtsn heat presses of refractory Na- materials, characterized by the combination (a) a reusable refractory mold (2) for mounting cream fron refractory material (1),. (b) Slidable within the forms to the Autnahae Fron refractory material fitted piston (Z), (E) a housing (9) which has a practically sauerototttreia Ati »®sphere contains,. (d) devices (38, 21) for introduction and forwarding the turn and piston inside the housing, (e) a device disposed within the housing 8usseptors (1?), ., (f) which has a cavity in which the front for heat transition is ordered, ( g ) Devices (11, 12, 46) for introducing 1M If- Adjustment of the gorr and pistons within a drill in a repetitive sequence and to exercise the Notice prints on the pistons. as well as for . distance the mold and piston from the cavity, (h) Devices 23) for cooling the pom and the cooked sealed material and (i) Means of removing the molds from the housings. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the susceptor represents a resistor heater. 3e device according to claim 1, characterized in that The susceptor is made of graphite and is induction is heated. 4. Rapid, repetitive hot-pressing process for sealing of refractory materials, thereby identified, that (a) the refractory material in reusable forms is included, (b) the molds into a practically oxygen-free atao-- housing containing ephere are inserted, (c) in a repetitive sequence in a pre-hit sus- septor are arranged, (d) while they are being calibrated in practically acid-free Sphere are at a temperature between about 500 and are heated to 2500eC, (e) a pressure of 14 to 2100 Wos2 (200 to 30,000 pounds per square inah) on the refractory material inside the Port®i! n is applied until the material is too little at least 95% of the theoretical diobes is condensed, (t) one after the other the -Bo r ren-Aue out the 3usseptor-- before the compacted material becomes noticeable. can cool down and that (g) _ in any order the forms and the sealed material in a practically saueretofffteien Atmosphere are cooled and the material from the Shapes is removed: 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that as Material to be compacted Volfrannarbid sueammenrdispergiert is used with cobalt. 6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the Heating between 500 and 2000aC takes place and a pressure between 14 and 700 kg / o * 2 (200 and 10 000 pounds per equara irroh) is applied. ` 7. The method according to claim 4, characterized gekenaseiohnst that as practically acid deadffeie At m ephl b rs a yakuua applied will. B. Method according to Anepruoh 4, thereby gfkenaseiohnet, deß that refractory material in several separate 3ohiohten in the form is included. 9. Device according to Äupruoh 1, dadurob gekeanseiehaet, da8 the i® housing overflowing atmosphere is a vacuum.