DE1708983A1 - Insulated roof and method of its manufacture - Google Patents

Description

HAMBURG- MÜNCHEN ALLOCATION ADDRESS: HAMBURG 36 ■ NEITERWAIiI. 4 = 1

Part. 3 6 74 28 AND. · 1β 41X5

TBIiSGR. NEGEDAPATENT HAMBURG

PITiESBURaH GOEimiG CÖHPOEATIOIT _MUNCIIEN15 . _MOZARTSTR . ₃₃ One Gateway Center, TE
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (USA) »■« »* · p

Hamburg, March 15, 1968

Insulated roof and method of its Manufacturing

The present invention "relates to a roof structure, rather the weatherproof membrane one. Resistance to temperature changes confers, as well as a method for Manufacture of such a roof structure. In particular "concerns this invention provides a roof structure with substantially round, closed-cell, multicellular ceramic balls interlocking with one another are glued and glued to the waterproof membrane, creating a porous protective layer on the surface of the waterproof .Membrane is formed.

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A mü £ li rather Plachdac often construction, like the construction of a roof in general, h.at a Y / ass er vapor barrier that is attached to a support, e.g. L. the roof wing, an insulating layer affixed to the barrier and a waterproof membrane affixed to the surface of the insulation. In some structures, a relatively thin layer of slag or gravel is applied to the surface of the waterproof membrane as an outer or wear surface. The US Patents 3,266,206, 3,094,447, -

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3 111 787 and 3 029 172 show typical types of the known Roof structures in which the waterproof membrane is exposed to the elements or t / ittering and thermal stresses subject to sudden and extreme temperature changes.

According to the USA patent 3 207 619 the gravel or the Slag replaced by exfoliated yermiculite granules. A thin layer of vermiculite g-ranulate is embedded in soft bitumen. It is said that this thin Yermiculite layer due to the effects of the sun's rays is opaque ο The Vermiculite-G-ranulate are open-celled and are quickly destroyed by repeated freezing and thawing? in addition, they give the waterproof membrane not the desired 7 / poor resistance, on "which later is received.

In U.S. Patent 3,280,528, the problem of obtaining a roof that can be used during expansion and Contraction due to temperature changes of the parts

it
who / is composed, remains tight. To solve this problem, a foam rubber layer is attached to the roofing pad, which is made so that it can stretch by 200 ^ and expansion and contraction compensate for each other. In this known roof structure, however, the foam rubber layer is subject to the thermal stresses in the same way as in the usual roof structures. The cellular rubber layer is covered with a standard weatherproof coating, such as asphalt,

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provided - on which ballast is applied. The gravel eoll a protection against kicks or other traffic give. This weatherproof cover makes the öchaumgunmilage not heat-resistant, as they are not fast and strong Protects against temperature changes.

jis has been shown to be the main reason for the Benchädiguiig of the roof is due to the fact that the waterproof - Ueiabrsn sudden and strong arm stresses through which she becomes Avellig and G-rate "form · With further heating this softens Bitumen, so that it flows away from the ridges and becomes weak Steep occur, v; as may lead to tearing in the weakened 'line-leads. / Through this sudden change in temperature subject to the waterproof Uembren quickly Expansion and contraction movements resulting in a relative movement between waterproof ilenbran and

ena carrier leads. Through this sudden the ilembrane can tear itself away from the what the just described formation of ridges or folds promotes, creating cracks and holes in the ilembrane, through which the roof leaks. There is therefore a Ledarf after a Uachaüfbau in which the waterproof membrane within the practically occurring temperature range remains undamaged in that it is not subjected to any strong fluctuations in heat. '.' .. "■ ''

Another reason for roof failure is that

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gradual shifting of the roof during expansion and contraction of the building or sudden shifting when mooring on the building. 7, the displacement ^r hen takes place at relatively low temperatures, where the water-.feste membrane and its bitumen adhesives are not plastically relatively brittle, the sliding of the waterproof Iiembran caused Hisse and tears. At a suitable temperature, at which the waterproof membrane and the bitumen adhesive are "relatively flexible, the membrane can move relative to the substrate underneath it without tearing" taking place. In the case of strong y / arms, the movement also causes discomfort, since under these conditions the layers can stretch considerably, which leads to the occurrence of damage in the stretched areas.

The United States Department of Commerce, Fational EureaU of Standards recently did a work entitled " "Thermal-Shock Resistance for Bituminous Built-Up" Roofing Membranes - Its "Relation to Service Life" brought out, from which it can be inferred that the properties of the various Roof membranes change as a result of exposure to aging. Samples that had been exposed to the aging showed a significantly lower './arm' shock resistance than Samples that have not been exposed to the elements.

- Another difficulty with the usual flat roofs occurs where the insulating material is on the deck wing And-lies under the roofing felt. The usual and commonly used insulating materials' are relative

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weak compared to the deck surface "They split or crumble easily". These properties result from the low density required to achieve low thermal conductivity. Because of this property of the insulating materials, the roofing felts • of course cannot be glued to the insulating material as firmly as they are to the roof surface. In other V / locations, the application of roofing felt on the relatively fixed Dachtragfläehe instead of the insulation, resulting in a much stronger association lös is a relationship between failure due to cleave a Ilembran and the Wärmeschockbeständigkeits- factor M; The higher the thermal shock resistance factor of a λ membrane, the more resistant it is to the influence of heat induced forces. The work also shows that the ability of the components of the roof system to conduct heat to and from the membrane whereby the strength and degree of the temperature change of the membrane is determined, the durability of the membrane is determined. In the case of the roof structure described here, the membrane is protected from the weather and also from thermal shock,

so that the cyclical temperature change of the membrane on a I'Jinimum reduced and the temperature of the membrane relative is kept constant and at approximately the same level as it is inside the building.

Preliminary tests that were carried out with a view to protecting roofing felt - failed because of the insulating properties Protective layer did not behave favorably when it was the Was exposed to the weather ■ »

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I'm another problem that occurs with "flat" roofs, is the damage caused by kicking the roof and the .aufbauten such as chimneys, necessary are ο The hard gravel is kicked into the roofing felt, which contributes to the brittleness of the material. the According to the invention, balls used are strong enough to withstand being kicked and the flexibility of the binding agent prevents the transmission of high stresses to the waterproof membrane or layer.

The present invention relates to an insulated roof structure, consisting of a fixed on the underlying Carrier anchored waterproof layer, a porous layer firmly anchored on the surface of the waterproof layer heat insulating material formed by discrete elements glued together and between have interconnected spaces,. Y / elche passages for flowing liquid through the

Material and form to the surface of the waterproof layer, "v / obei the discrete elements are impervious to moisture and f have a thermal conductivity, the / provides a heat resistance of the water-resistant layer to Semperaturänderungen gev arranty.

With the present invention, the problem of the destruction of the waterproof membrane due to stress is solved solved by warmth and sun rays. The waterproof. Membrane has a layer of cellular ceramic balls

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on his. Surface on .. The layer is sufficient porous, so that the Viasser can freely pass through and from the surface d; he .waterproof membrane flow in a known manner can. Preferably, the cellular ceramic balls are through a suitable adhesive, such as bitumen, asphalt or

the same, with-einajider and also with de.r waterproof_ _:. membrane-interwoven · .; THE JSCHIETH OF CELL-SHAPED CERAMICS _: ,. ". Balls-gives what is sea-proof, -membrane heat resistance ... and serves as a barrier against sun rays, The .. .....

The resistance created by the layer of cellular ceramic balls largely reduces the ... ... ^ sudden changes in temperature. waterproof membrane ,. . ™ and also significantly reduces the intensity of this λ .. temperature change. The layer also holds, more cellular. ceramic. Balls due to their heat resistance. v / a, solid membrane · at ■ a desired temperature,; . in the case of the _t dj.e-Xiembran. and the adhesive material remain relatively plastic, so that the Meabran does not tear or be torn if the building is suddenly moved. , -

'· -..-. Z J -... ■!' .- ■. ■■ '· .- ■ J. JjrJ 'JJJ JJ is i ^ The present invention is thus based on the object ί a roof structure .with a heat-resistant v / asserf most Llembran to provide. The roof structure should be porous over the waterproof membrane so that water can pass through this layer and onto the. waterproof membrane can flow ο In addition, a heat barrier should be created for the waterproof layer, which, the membrane and the adhesive with which the membrane is anchored on the substrate,

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sufficiently flexible and plastic, so that the waterproof Layer can move with the building and does not tear when the building is moved «, The heat-resistant construction should In addition, be so that the waterproof Iiembran does not suffer as great a difference in temperature as the EaIl would be if it were directly exposed to variation. After all, the waterproof membrane should not be destroyed by kicks. The features and advantages of the present Invention will be further understood by the following description, in which reference is made to the drawings described in more detail.

To the drawings:

E'ig. 1 is a semi-schematic representation of a Roof structure, partly in cross-section, consisting of the roof wing, the waterproof Llenbran from a large number of · roofing felt layers, which are attached to each other and onto the bearing surface with bitumen are glued, and the layer of cellular ceramic balls on the surface of the waterproof Iiembran reproduces.

2 corresponds to the pig. 1 and shows how the water passes through the layer of cellular ceramic Balls passes through it and also the layer of cellular ceramic balls made in sheets or Plate shape.

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Pig. 3 shows a cellular ceramic mound, as it is used for the thermal insulation layer, greatly enlarged and broken in the middle, showing the closed-cell structure inside the sphere ο.

4 '■;'is a portrait-like image of a cross-section through the layer of cellular ceramic spheres with the connecting cavities between the adjacent spheres through which the water from the - M surface of the waterproof membrane passes. M , can.

is an enlarged image of several cellular spheres, partly in cross-section, interconnected below Formation of the thermal barrier are glued.

Pig. β gives graphically the temperatures on the surface of the layer of cellular ceramic balls, on the surface of the waterproof membrane, M

in the building structure and the surrounding area. ■. ■ -H

Pig. 7 '- is another graphical representation of this Temperatures' during the summer months.

Pig. 6 ii: t one the PIg. 6 and 7 corresponding graphs ! Display of temperatures over 24 hours in ", /" inter. .

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Pig. 9 is a graphical representation corresponding to FIG Pig. 8, which shows the temperature over 24 hours in summer.

In the one in the Pig. The roof structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 forms the base of the conventional roof structure; it is supported and secured by the components underneath, not shown. On the surface of the roof support surface 10, an adhesive layer 12a is applied by v / Λ elk overlying roofing felt layers 16a on the roof support-A surface adhered are "Sine further adhesive layer 12b is provided on the surface of the first Daehpappenschicht 16a through which a second felt layer 16b on the first is glued. Finally, a third roofing felt layer 16c is glued to the roofing felt layer 16b by means of the adhesive 12c. The roofing cardboard layers 16a, 16b and 16c and the adhesive layers between them together form the waterproof layer or llenbran 18. Placed on this waterproof membrane 18 and preferably glued with a suitable adhesive is the thermal barrier 24, which is composed of discrete elements, which with are connected to each other with a suitable adhesive. These julemente are essentially impermeable to moisture and have Y / thermal insulating properties.

The expression "Y / är nie barriere" or "Barriere" is used here Designation of one consisting of several! Components Material or a layer of consisting of several components

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existing llateri-as used that ./sleeve insulation properties "possesses and is resistant to the effective rays of sunlight.

Js should now be applied to the individual components of the roof structure More to be entered. The roof wing can be made from any normally used for this purpose Material. 3ur yeranseliaulichung is the roof wing 10 made from juxtaposed cassette plates. The wing can just as well be made of cast li-eton, 'btahl, wooden planks or other suitable hatal or a combination of suitable materials.

"., ^r o 'corrugated sheet metal is used for the roof wing, it is advisable to apply a thin hard plate to the wing before the roofing felt ο Jliine - such hard plate can be made of plywood, plaster, iisbest cement, thin insulation material or caiderem accordingly "hard" plate material.

The waterproof layer or membrane 18 may consist of a or several successive layers of roofing felt and adhesive 12 are made. The roofing felt 16 can be any other roofing felt material, such as one with asphalt or! tar treated asbestos felt. The adhesive 12 is in . · Generally a bituminous liquefiable by heat Material that can be applied at an elevated temperature.

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^; The first adhesive layer 12a can, as usual, be painted hot on the wing 10, the roofing felt 16 is then placed on the still soft and sticky layer 12a. If further layers consisting of adhesive and roofing felt are applied, so This is done in the same way as applying the first layer.It follows from this that in the usual roof constructions the uppermost roofing felt layer T6c is the part of the roof construction which is exposed to the elements, with or without one on top

A applied layer of crushed stone or the like.

According to the invention, however, the top layer of roofing felt is included a T / ärmebarriere 24 provided, the construction of which in each is described in more detail below.

The thermal barrier 24 consists of discrete elements 20 which are glued together by the binder 22 in such a way that interconnected spaces 26 pass through the barrier. Vie in the Pig. .2 and 5, these cavities 26 form passageways, permit-flow therethrough of liquid such as water through the barrier 24 and to the surface ^w of the waterproof membrane 18th The discrete elements 20 themselves, however, are impervious to moisture and have thermal insulation properties. The glued together discrete elements therefore allow the liquid transport, but do not guide the i / ariae. The adhesive used to bond the discrete particles together can be any organic or inorganic material that will secure the elements together and those desired

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Creates cavities. Thermoplastic adhesives, d. H. at relatively plastic flexible adhesives, ■■■.: ■ .-. loading

■ are preferred. A particularly / preferred adhesive 22 is a bitumen liquefiable by heat, such as asphalt or tar.

It is thermoplastic in the desired form and retains its adhesive properties and a certain flexibility at elevated temperatures. Bituminous materials with a softening point between 60 and 105 ^° C. can be used particularly conveniently. It is essential that the proportions of discrete particles and adhesive are such

are that the interconnected cavities the desired passages for fluid to pass through through the thermal barrier layer. . ■,

The properties of the discrete elements and the adhesive are such that the discrete elements impart heat resistance, while the amount of adhesive used bonds the elements together and creates the void volume required for the desired permeability. The proportions of discrete elements to adhesive are best chosen so that the thermal barrier 24 consists of about 30 to 50 volume interconnected voids, in which area the required permeability of the barrier 24 is assured while maintaining the desired thermal insulation properties of the barrier. that the preferred volume of 35 to 45 ■ ^c / o of interconnected interstitial spaces can be obtained. · .. label "when about 58 kg verflüssbares by heat bituminous,

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Material / m of discrete elements used.

As can be seen from this, it is essential to the invention that the liquefied "bituminous material is added in such a way that that it essentially encloses all discrete elements, creating the desired spaces between them

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The discrete elements that make up the porous Thermal insulation layers are bonded to one another and have very defined properties. Every element is impermeable to water and has Y / thermal insulation properties. she Elements can generally be described as multicellular spheres will. As in the ffig. 3-5, each ball 20 has a plurality of closed cells 27 and 27 a relatively smooth, continuous outer surface 28. The balls 20, which are preferably largely spherical, can usually be multicellular ceramic or glass spheres made of any suitable inorganic Material, such as broken glass or other materials containing silicon dioxide, 'like the German currently pending Patent application P 34 722 of July 21, 1964 teaches.

As shown in FIG. 4, these balls 20 can be of different sizes, but those with a diameter of about 3 to 6 ram are best suited for the present purpose. A suitable mixture of balls has a diameter, so that about 50 fi smaller than 4, '70 now and larger than 3.33 mm, and about 50 fi smaller than 3.33 ram and larger than

2.36 mm.

The balls close there. they are cellular, contain a substantial amount of Sas, are generally low in specific gravity and preferably have an apparent density of about 0.13 to 0.48 g / cm ⁵ . The thermal conductivity of the spheres is relatively low, it is generally on the order of 0.50 to 0.62 cal / gA / cm ² / ° C / cm at 23.9 ^P C.

The 'Järaebarrier, which consists of a suitable amount of balls and bituminous adhesive is built up, covered and insulated the waterproof membrane 18. The water that hits the surface which hits the thermal barrier 24 passes through the passageways .26 down, as shown in Figo 2, and sits up the waterproof membrane 18ab, from where it is in the usual '/ is removed. Like from Pig. 4 are the interconnected spaces not necessarily in the same jäbene and therefore seem the gaps not to be connected to each other. Since the balls 20 have a continuous outer surface and each of the cells 27 is closed, no tea is absorbed by them. Since the balls are heat insulators, T heat is removed from the The surface of the battery 24 does not touch the waterproof Transferring the membrane. Also 17 arms that stick to the inner surface the. Barrier 24 does not go up forwarded. This latter feature is at colder! temperatures in the v / inter of the gate part, if v / ariae from the inside of the G-ebäudes to the waterproof hembram

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penetrates, of which the main amount of heat is then retained will. Finally, the waterproof membrane 18 of the damaging rays of the sun through Barrier 24 shielded *

Due to the shielding effect of the barrier, the membrane 18 is shielded from sudden changes in temperature and also saved from assuming extreme temperatures. As stated above, can be sudden ^ Change in temperature the becoming vellified as well as the formation of ^ - ridges and crevices in the membrane cause what finally for heating and for removing the membrane from his Substrate leads «With reference to the latter. is the Ilenbraia 18 against outside temperatures, as they are in the course of the year occur isolated. If extreme temperatures are avoided, the membrane remains relatively flexible, and should be Tensions your through them as a result of sudden shift of the building occur, as is often the case when erecting a building, the ilenbran 18 deforms with it ^ the building materials and does not crack or crack P a, as it would be at low temperatures the Pail. Venn Han the extreme expansion and contraction in the usual, Assemblies with waterproof membrane to protect against weathering is exposed, considered, the movement of a part of the G-ebäuaes at extreme temperatures leads to caß - the membrane becomes wrinkled and tears, causing the serous disorder the same is initiated. By avoiding extreme temperatures by shielding with the

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warinebarriere feeds the movement of the building more bending of the ilembranals to crack and Tear in. Also the disorder caused by the harmful Sun rays is caused- · is avoided, since these rays do not penetrate through the barrier 24-.

13 Another danger, 'the disturbance or damage to one porous material on the outside of the roof

■ ■ I ¹ OIgO hat, the freezer-sow cycle, is avoided by the proposed factual structure. Me damage is caused by % repeated freezing and sowing of water, (|

that settles on or is absorbed by the material that forms the outer surface of the cache. The repeated changes in dimension, which are caused by alternating freezing and lukewarm water, lead to disintegration. In the system according to the invention, the water is not collected on the outer surface of the barrier, where it could freeze, but goes through it to the membrane below. However, since the membrane is maintained at a temperature above the freezing point M, g

'vir'd the freezing of the' .water on her avoided.

To demonstrate the effectiveness of the varine barrier of the present invention, a building was constructed for experimental purposes. It consisted of a block of cement walls and a wooden door girders ( 5 cm i 5 cm) was carried ₀ on the wing

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there was a 1.3 cm thick fiber board layer, which carried a waterproof membrane made of four layers of roofing felt. Jüine 5 cm thick thermal barrier, consisting of multicellular, glued together by asbestos, was anchored on the waterproof Ileabran. Me The effectiveness of this structure is demonstrated by the side temperature curves Figures 6 through 9 illustrate. These figures show the results of the search that were carried out on an inventive Roof structure received only. In each of these α figures is the temperature at the surface, the T / äriae-I ^ barrier 24 through the line a, the temperature at the

The surface of the heat-resistant membrane 18 is represented by the broken line b, the temperature inside the building by the line c and the outside temperature by the line d. Figures 6 to 8 show the readings taken during one month in February and one sag in February, respectively. From this it can be seen that the outside air temperature, to which the waterproof membrane is directly exposed in the usual Uachaiixlbatites, had reached a YFert of -23 ° C ™ on February 5 and rose ^{to 5.6 0 O on February 10?} However, the w temperature of the waterproof membrane did not go below 8.9 ⁰ C and ^{did not exceed 17 0} C. During this period of time the internal temperature of the building fluctuated between 18 and 32 G. During the same time, the temperature of the barrier changed in the range of - 7.8 to 22 ⁰ C * Bs it can be seen that the reason why the saxia .-. Lo temperature of the barrier exceeded the maximum outside air temperature can be traced back to the flow of sun rays which hit the barrier directly. Bio

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waterproof membrane was protected from the extremely low 2 temperatures to reach, leading to brittleness and a decrease of the "elasticity would lead" this was even the o? all when the outside temperature dropped to -23 C. the 'JiIg. 8 aeirt that for a period of 24 hours the internal temperature largely constant at around 21 ° C

remains while the outside temperature fluctuates between -5.0 and 13 C. The surface of the thermal barrier was exposed to significant temperature changes. Between the hours 800 and 1200, the Semperatur increased from -4.4 to ⁰ O 31 ⁰ O. M Viährend'der same time increased the Semperatur the A

Surface of the waterproof membrane "from 7.2 ⁰ G to 17 ⁰ Cp. While the surface of the TJarmeTDarriere reached a temperature rise of 35 ° within four hours, the! Temperature of the surface of the waterproof membrane rose in the same period of time only by 10

The I'i g * 7 and 9 represent the readings taken on the same structure over a period of 3 days

bsw * a 2eitda, the temperature of outside air between 10 ° C and 28 ^"0 C were made uer 24 hours at summer weather * While the 3-day Tersuches fluctuated, \ 7ährend varied the ümentemperatur between 20 ⁰ G and 31 ⁰ G * V / hile had the surface of the Härmebarriere temperatures in the range from 8.9 to 70 ⁰ G, fluctuated ioeinperatur the surface of the waterproof Hembran 14-43 ⁰ was G. the! Demperaturuntersehied on the surface of 62 ° / during a result of the effectiveness of

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Barrier the temperature difference of the protected waterproof membrane was only 29 ° ". The essential The greater difference in the temperature limits is in the upper area, where the maximum temperature of the water resistant Membrane is about 27 ° below the temperature of the thermal barrier.

Looking more closely at the temperature shock, the Pig shows. 9, a temperature rise on the surface of the thermal barrier innerhalbvon 800 and 1200 hours from 16 to 64 ⁰ C. It is to be noted that the temperature continues to rise this surface and eventually reaches 69 C. During this same period of time, the surface temperature of the waterproof membrane is between 15 and 34 ⁰ O, a temperature far below that at which the membrane adhesive begins to become liquid. During the following four hours the temperature of this surface reaches 44 O, the degree of temperature rise as well as the range of temperatures on the waterproof liembran is also much lower than on the thermal barrier.

The results of the tests illustrated in Figures 6 to 9 clearly show that the thermal barrier of the present invention effectively insulates the underlying waterproof membrane. The water festivals Membrane was effectively protected from taking on the extreme temperatures that a waterproof liembran has to offer normal roof structure under the same conditions. Also a rapid rise in temperature and '- 21 -

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-'alifall in the manner of a heat shock of the waterproof Hembran was turned off «The excellent effectiveness has been confirmed by the results obtained from the experiments which both "in extremely cold winter weather and were carried out in extremely hot Sommerweifcer, resulted.

The invention also relates to the method of manufacture a protective layer or barrier on the weather exposed surface of the roof. The procedure consists of ^

in the wl see more discrete elements with a bituminous, "]

"Illegal material, preferably in the liquefied state, so that the discrete elements are practically completely enveloped. The discrete elements are thereby connected to one another and the thermal barrier is formed on the" water-resistant membrane. The layer is preferably such that it with each having 30 to 50 Vo 1 .- $ connected cavities for passing the liquid through it, and has a thickness sufficient to provide the desired thermal protection to offer. Ss is obvious%

that the thickness of the layer that serves as a thermal barrier, ■ f

can be varied according to the requirements of the particular installation. For most places with moderate T3.1o.sl , a layer is preferred that has a bulk density of about 0.16 to 0.72 g / cm and a thermal conductivity of 0.37 to 0.68 cal / g / h / cm ² / ° 0 / cm between -18 and 150 ⁰ G 'and. has a l / icke of more than 5 cm. It is still important to note that the barrier layer according to the invention never creates and does not have the ...

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the passage of liquid is permitted, even sufficient T / has resistance to normal sweeping, so that the structure is not damaged suffers.

It should also be noted that while a particular sub-roof structure has been shown for purposes of illustration, any conventional sub-roof structure having a waterproof membrane capable of supporting the barrier can be used and protected by the thermal barrier of this invention. While a particular form of waterproof membrane consisting of roofing felts connected to one another by an adhesive is described for the purpose of illustration, any suitable waterproof membrane can be used. In general, any material that is waterproof in the [temperature range from 50 to -18 ⁰ C should be suitable. Since in the roof structure according to the invention, unlike in the usual roof structures, the insulation is not under the waterproof membrane, an additional water barrier is required. not to be upset. In conventional roof structures, such a barrier is normally provided under the insulating layer, which lies under the waterproof membrane, and the vapor barrier in this layer has the purpose of preventing the absorption of moisture through the insulation from the building's interior.

The present invention provides three types of construction with a varnish barrier on top, the ^ wunjslliufir.

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the waterproof Iierabran protects and thereby the occurrence from ΐ / arm shock and severe exposure to heat at the waterproof Llembr. prevents as well as the occurrence of extreme! temperatures on the waterproof membrane and their damage by the effective rays of the sun. Through this a failure of the waterproof membrane, which is on damaging influences, prevents, ^ uch the normal handling and passage of liquids by UIU. the waterproof membrane makes it easier da .. "water through the interconnected spaces and thus passes through the thermal barrier. this will achieved through the creation of a porous 7 / era insulating layer, which is not harmed by / water or cold} this layer consists of discrete elements, v; elche preferably multicellular ceramic balls with closed cells Components are, by means of an adhesive, preferably one that can be liquefied by heat bituminous material, bonded. The barrier or protective layer has interconnected spaces between the balls, able to let liquids through. |

109820/0496

Claims (1)

dr.ing. H. NEGENDANK · dipl.-ing. H. HATJCK · bipl-phys. W. SCHMITZ HAMBURG- MÜNCHEN DELIVERY ADDRESS: HAMBURG 36 · NEUER WALL Part. 36 74 28 AND »64 115 PIITSSBUUG-H OCHrTING OOSPCIUIIOH ^TE1EGR * ^EGEDAPATENT Hamburg One Gateway Center, Munich 15 mozartstr. TEL.S380S86 iri L GSDUrgil, JVeiillsylVamr., (, Ub ^ i .; _TE i, _EG r. negedapatent Munich Hamburg, the 15th Harz 1968 Patent addressed e ο Insulated roof structure, your one marked on the A waterproof layer is attached to the substrate underneath, and a layer of porous, heat-insulating material attached to the waterproof layer, which is formed by discrete elements which are impermeable to moisture and which have taroeiooliertigeiischaften, the diLicrete elements being connected to one another have interconnected tins between them, which form a passage for the fluids through the insulating material and to the surface of the waterproof layer. 2. Roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the waterproof layer is an IZembrane. 3 · Roof structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the waterproof layer consists of a large number of layers of cardboard which are glued to one another by a bitiuainüscu material which can be liquefied by means of a liquid, and which are una li due to the influence of the effective sun rays 109820/0496 ~ ^: " «AD ORIGINAL ■. ■ ■ '_;' ■ is Changes in temperature are destroyed. ■ -4. Method according to claim / 2 or 3, characterized in that that the porous urine insulation material is 30 "to 50, preferred wise 35 "to 4-5 vol .-; - * interconnected cavities sv; i see the discrete elements as passages of fluid has ·> 5. Saeliaaufbau according to claim 1 Ms 4, characterized in that the porous TTärmeiaolierinaterial has a thickness about, M 5 approx and a bulk density of 0.15 "to O, preferably 0.16 to 0.64 s / ^cm . 6 * roof structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquefied by heat bituminous material in the insulating layer is preferred one that is in a temperature range of 60 calibrated to 105 oö. . 7, roof structure according to claim ö, characterized in that - daa loolieriaaterial etv / a 48 kg bituinin'dses Katerial / m aislcreter slement contains, and -that the bituminous material the discrete elements of the layer largely surrounds, so that interconnected cavities are present in the layer. · 8. Daeh structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized gekennaeiehnet, that the discrete elements are largely spherical multicellular balls with closed cells, which are preferably one 10382Ö / iUS6 ³ relatively smooth continuous waterproof outer Have surface « -9. Roof structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the the balls are made of ceramic material and have a diameter of 3 to 6 ma. 1oo roof assembly of claim 8 or 9, characterized in that approximately 50> S of the balls of the heat insulating öchient a diameter from 3.33 to 4.70 and ^Nijn-50, i have a diameter from 2.56 to 3.33 mm lift , 11 »Roof structure according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the balls of the thermal insulating layer have a weight between 0.13 and 0.48 g / cm and a conductivity of 0.50" to 0.62 cal / g / h / cin / ° g / cm. aufvreisen at 23.9 ⁰ C. .12. Process: for the formation of a protective layer, on the surface of a physical structure exposed normally to the "Zetter", characterized in that disscrete elements are mixed with a liquefied bituminous material, so that largely all discrete elements are enclosed by the bituminous material and glued together, wherein 30 to 50 ToI. each other -p connected voids remain, and applying a layer of discrete elements bonded to the exposed normally the "weather surface of a roof. BADORtGtNAL 109820/0496 Empty ropes