DE1704469A1 - Composite structure made of resins and metal threads - Google Patents

Description

DIPL.-ING. F.Weickmann, Dr. Ing.A / Weickmann, D1PL.-ING. H.Weickmann D1PL.-PHYS. Dr. K. Fincke patent attorneys

,, ", 8 MÜNCHEN 27, MÖHLSTRASSE 22, CALL NUMBER 483921/22

lim

Gases PD&U 1875

K UüPJ- ^J ül: A'i'I <JL ^r , 6'J Vest Wasnington Street, Chicago, 111. / USA

Composite structure made of resins and metal thread

.üJs is known the properties of a plastic or to change the resin by reinforcement or some other modification. For example, it was already more lattice-shaped Wire embedded in suitable plastics for use as reinforced window materials and the like. Other known composite components using metal and plastics ^ consisted of metal as a liner or surface material on a plastic body. The invention relates to an improved composite structure in which extremely fine metal filaments are embedded in the Plastic material are provided so that a improved composite structure results in the -properties has that could not be achieved so far.

009885/1802

8AD ORK3INAL

The main feature of the invention is therefore the creation of a new and improved composite material Metal fibers embedded in a plastic body are. A further channel of the flow consists in the To provide such a composite material wherein the metal fibers have a novel surface arrangement; j; exhibit, a better bond with the plastic material results.

The metal fibers have a rough, non-machined surface while being extremely small in diameter, averaging less than about 0.0254 mm (1 mil). According to a feature of the invention, the fibers consist of continuous filaments. The fibers may be made of a non-woven mat, a woven fabric, a warp knit fabric, a weft knitted fabric, a braid, a roving or a yarn made and can have a particular surface and may be present in the plastic in various structural combinations.

According to a further feature of the invention, the pagers are made of a high electrical material

009885/1802

'viaerstand uud put in-body with one another in electrical iiontaict to form a "resistance component". JJie fibers especially parts made of a metal, which has a elastic modulus has ions of at least about 2μ and its tensile strength is at least about 17,000 kg / cm ''.

Jemäi further: --ericraiil of the invention forms ™

the-plastic material in. aec; Verbuiidstof i "a .überiläcne / izone, and the majority of the fibers are in this surface zone arranged. Jas volume ratio of fibers au plastic material in the surface zone is at least about 4ö; i.

There is always one embodiment of the finding
the Maseru aas kuraen, generally straight fibers, which eich i ::. allgemei.ieri perpendicular to the surface of the zone ER- ί

stretch, ^ In another embodiment of the invention, the fibers are in the form of a fabric which extends generally parallel to the surface of the zone, which forms a series of interstices, and
a variety of short, generally straight fibers
extend into these spaces, generally perpendicular to the surface.

000185/1802.

· ■ ... V SAD ORIGlNAi

In yet another embodiment of the invention the fibers consist of a knitted fabric in which a hip is formed. ! laughs another embodiment the plastic material forms a tubular body, and the fibers consist of a seamless, tubular knitted structure that extends la the surface zone is located.

has a further characteristic of the invention the knitted G-ewebe has a volume ratio to the plastic material in the zone of at least about 40? » to give high "thermal conductivity therein. In one The tubular, knitted structure has a particular embodiment of the composite structure according to the invention Component has a spiral-like hip. Finally, according to a particular embodiment the fabric on the surface of the plastic has a butt, and the surface follows the contour of the ribbed Tissue.

The following description, together with the accompanying drawing, is intended to explain the invention in more detail. In the drawing show:

009865/1802

BAD OBiGINAL

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary perspective

View of a composite component according to the invention; and

Fig. 2 fragmentary, perspective view to 16

th of special embodiments of the

composite structure according to the invention with ^

following special features:

in Fig. 2 the threads lie as not

wove web;

in Fig. 3 the threads are in the form of a

woven fabric before;

in Fig. 4 the threads are in the form of a

weft knitted fabric;

in Fig. 5 the threads are in the form of a

warp knitted fabric;

in Fig. 6 the threads are in the form of a

Strand in front;

in Fig. 7 the threads are in the form of a series of separate layers in front of j

in Pig. 3 the threads are in a series of negative separate layers , which have different thread arrangements in the different layers;

Fl. ■ -. ■■■ ^: '.' ■■ '■ ·

ooeees / veoa

in .Pig. 9 the threads are in the form of a roving;

in Fig. 10 the fibers are textured; in Figure 11 the fibers are in a surface zone the plastic body arranged;

in Fig. 12 the fibers consisted of one Plurality of fibers extending perpendicular to the surface; in Fig. 13 the fibers form a fabric at the surface zone and a multitude of short fibers extending perpendicularly to the surface in the tissue spaces;

in Fig. 14 the plastic body is tubular, and the fibers lie in the J? orm a tissue in the radially inner surface zone of the body;

in Fig. 15 the plastic body is tubular, and the fibers lie in the form of a web in the radially inner surface zone of the body and have lips;

009885/1802

_: .; 170A4 & 9

- 7 - -.; ■■■■■

in Fig. 16 is the. Plastic body tubular, and the fibers form a continuous cite Element which is wrapped in a circular shape in a tubular body.

■ .. 'as already briefly indicated above, the' Kr-

finüun- in an improved composite structure 10, the, ύ

as in ri _; :. T EEI * Ileiattmung is generally shown, is to impart from eliiBüi kuiiststofflEörper 11 and a plurality of metal fibers 12 which are embedded in Kunststoffkörρer to this the gevrlaseJnten üigenschaften, for example a reinforcement. The fibers here have an extremely small mean diameter of less than about 1 mil, so that there is a high ratio of surface to volume for the metal material and thus a much better binding of the fibers.

sem to the plastic material. In addition, the Fa-. Sern ^ Z a rough, nodding machined surface, which further improves the bond with the plastic material. The fibers 12 can be cut by suitably drawing a metal rod or wire in a sheath on the small diameter and suitable

003885/18 02.

BATH ORIGINAL

, -. jatferaung of the envelope. The fibers 12 can be ordered from short fibers o <"'er i'^t; iden, the ÄeoedxjiHXMigc"ii'üden"according to the tanäard-Uefiiiionen of the Anerican oociety for i'eating and materials ul-a - J ¹ CvS er η of extreme Lance defines uimi, so that they can be used directly as Jarn.

ia :? Any suitable plastic material can be used for the body of the composite structure, for example the body can be made from suitable, customary thermoplastic and heat-relieving kilns or other suitable, malleable materials, such as natural and synthetic rubber,.; era:;.: ltc ^| -.e] L; t'.iffnn, -'1 ".--. S viiv- .., ie- Qteher :. Any suitable plastics are epoxy resins, polyirides, tetrafluoroethylene polymers, phenol'oi'raaldehya ^ arse or resorcinol -.Porrialdehyahari-e etc. The plastic body it aim also contains additional materials that influence the properties, such as glass fibers.

Me. Fibers 12, can be made from any suitable machinable Metal, and a prime example of this is stainless steel. As mentioned above, wise

009885/1802

-) BAD OWGlNAL

the Maseru - preferably an extremely small JJurcnx.eDser of less than 0254 mn, and an excellent example i'lir such jj'asem are stainless steel fibers with a diameter of less than about 12 u and in Ji ¹ or in of Threads. Other suitably deformable metals can also be used, for example rsiob, Uiekel, Volf'ram, iron, aluminum, carbon steel, chromium-Kickel alloys, etc. The material preferably has a relatively high modulus of elasticity, for example min-?

■ '■' the

At least about 20 million, as long as the composite structure is intended for use in corners where forces that tend to expand or bend the composite structure are asbestos

appear

the ü'as

preferably made of metals with high tensile strength, for example at least about 17,600 kg / cm in order to obtain improved reinforcement properties. Such high elasticity and tensile strength are particularly desirable if the plastic body 11 also contains other reinforcing agents such as grass fiber. The composite structure can be formed by molding the plastic material around the piping by any suitable conventional forming process getting produced. .

009886/1802

-ίο -

In particular, the iJrf3naung concerns dip ii ment of the yerbund fitriuctur, whereby all wheels are in ii ^ a rroue-ren xUizalil before: different r.ir: alkaline arrangements. ; Jo can, as in j ^! i.- :. «F ₍ -e ;; ei rt v / ird, an inventive composite structure 1Ca made of a plastic; order body 11, ir ·, aera a variety of he-

W tall fibers in Rome: a nicnt-gev / ekten Lai-ji or Katto 12a is embedded. ..ie ± i> Pi ^ -. i- ; tezei ^ tv / ird, bcGbeut another form of the invention; jf- ^: genilien Yerbaiidctruk-ur 10b made of a plastic body '1 in which the fibers are embedded in the form of metal threads that form a woven G-eweb 12b. In Fi ^. 4 λ / will be an invention. ^ A small composite structure is shown, which has a plastic body 11 in which the metal thread is present in the form of a weft-knitted fabric 12c. In FIG. 5, a ver buna structure 10d according to the invention is shown, which consists of a single plastic body 11 in which a warp-knitted fabric 12d is embedded, which consists of the above-described metallic threads. Pig. 6 shows a composite structure 10e in which the metal threads are present in the plastic body 11 in the form of a strand 12e. In Fig. 9, a composite structure 10q is shown in which the plastic body 11 has a plurality of fibers in the form of a roving 12q.

009885/1802

SADORiGiNAl,

- it--

Jie i'aseri ^ ivJiinei ^ ii:. "Kunfitstci'friorper in a Vlel:; aiil roi-, lcaicnten present, i'ig. 7 shows an iieispie] iiierf" Ir ,, wherein a veri'-un; .. atrulitur 10f three.; Chic.iteii ~ l- * ~ from a virrfiberbahn (v; ie inclined in? I ?. 2) i: ·. runststoi'i'i: body 11 aui \; eiDt. JIe verscliieaeiiGx /. ^ Ciiieiiten lcomien aus / asern besteiien, which are arranged in uLtercciiieali Jiien configurations, uiia in Pig. ™

Such a 7erbun: istruicture 1Cg is shown, which has a jchi -.- iit \ 7: f aue ■■ an un ^ e \, - ev ^ ecne iii .. a :: i distance swiscnen z: \ vei 3annen 1 ^. · aun re.v / ecte :: i Jev.ebe, v.ie es in fit-, '' - s'e ^ eigt v; ird, l.ier't. .'ie. '' ._

oäiiP v.ei tei-ea ^ u eriiexinen itt, Can i:, 'i Ρ ,, & Ιιικβτι der -ώτ- "i'inaung in the ru ξ an amount set classifications of fig. 7 and 6 different fiber and i ^ kienlLcniiiViurations angev / ends v.-earth, z. 3rd un.:ev,-et:te, gev / ebte fabric, knitted 'jewebe, strands, rovings etc /..' J

jio was found dai; an even better connection of the fibers to the artificial body by "exturing the Fibers can be obtained. Such fibers can be a have a voluminous jarring 12h, as in FIG is shown. It is known that such bulky yarns

009885/1802

BATH ORIGINAL

made from och loop yarns, very bulky yarns and crimped yarns ü-arnen exist. In addition, the bulky yarn as knitted yarn, either twisted or not twisted, existed.

Invent uiii.Ggenäij also know the i.etalll fibers be arranged on the surface of the plastic body, around the plastic body except for the reinforcement discussed above other desirable properties, such as abrasion resistance, to lend, so that the composite structure for components, such as clutch and brake linings and the like., Types of application in which other components are in sliding, rolling etc. engagement with their surface, etc.

can

Thus, according to the invention, a composite structure can be used be constructed as shown in Fig. 11, where the composite structure 1Oi has a plurality of fibers 1? i, those in the surface zone 13i of the plastic body 11 are arranged. The composite structure 1Oi is therefore in generally similar to composite structure 10 except that fibers 12i are in a limited surface area portion of the plastic body are arranged. To give the plastic improved abrasion resistance and reinforcement

009885/1802

? ■■■■ '

imparting effect, the volume ratio of the fibers 121 is preferably the plastic material in the uberflächenzorie 13i at least 407C The Fasern12i woven fabric, knitted ü-ewebe, strand may be present in the total surface zone 13i in each of the above-mentioned different configurations, including as non-woven Had and in several layers of the same or different

en

different configuration, and can / optionally also be textured are present.

In certain applications, a high thermal conductivity in the surface zone of the composite structure may be desired; for such applications , the fibers can consist of metals which have a high thermal conductivity and are arranged in such a way that thermal continuity is created. If maximum abrasion resistance is desired, the fibers can consist of highly abrasion-resistant metals known in metallurgy, for example stainless steel and the like. To further improve the abrasion resistance of the plastic material, suitable fillers such as aluminum phosphate, aluminum oxide can also be used

0098 8 5/1802

ORIGINAL

-H-

and the like., is used, as has been found, however, that ratios by arrangement of the metal fibers in the surface zone in the above-mentioned relatively high Volxuuen so that the spaces between the parsers are are relatively small, the veroeoserte binding of parsers are the plastic has a surface results, which practically acts like a continuous metal cladding.

For example, it has been found that by the arrangement the metal fibers in the form of a in the surface zone embedded tissue, which is located essentially on the plastic surface, a part of the plastic relatively quickly rubbed off under the action of frictional forces directed against the surface the exposed, outer part of the metal fabric then forms the contact surface, while a substantial proportion of the fibers remain embedded in the plastic, so that a separation of the tissue is effectively prevented by the plastic body. V. 'when the gap distances are made quite small, lies only the outermost part of the fibers is free, so that the fibers are at least half of their circumference in the artificial

009885/1802

BAD OBiQlNAL

■ ^: _ 15 _ ■■■■■■ -:

. .'etoff remain embedded, so that a physical Vera: i: to chan;: of the fibers in Xunststoffkorper maintained ', Ire !, Au ^ ^ earth gives the rough surface on the i'asern ei - ue verbesserte- ".aftuiir. a; u ICuriGtato :: ";'. Therefore, the yer'oeonerteii composite structure s, the SiCN in Verven deliver - · · · d.iu. - eggs -.etallf ^r the vo: i small 3'urchiae he as revealed a cberil '"oiie nit bruised abrasion-resistant pit in-der ([Verbuncic-treadle, the bio-ier not reachable v / ar.

*, as above ari ^ regebeii, the fibers ^Λ 2 ± can be in the form of a knitted fabric, iäs. v; urde found ^because:; !. such "e-knitted 3ev.ebe a further improved otruktur: - ericinal representing the composite as susntalich the elasticity of the asernaterialieri utrickforni a ^ ³ vmntere elasticity in Paserteil the composite as .Ergebnis the Jtreckbarkeit provides the Btrickkonfiguration By Verwenduri?. .: of the fibers 12i in the form of a knitted fabric, the composite is therefore capable of being substantially bent or stretched without exceeding the elasticity limits of the fiber material a composite

009885/1802

© A0

Structure containing glass fibers and the like * are used, there is such an improved rebound resilience it erraöf-licJat »to approach the elasticity area of glass fibers. although the jetall is still a ^ ri essential has a higher modulus of elasticity.

'<lenn be the parsers are as Oberflächensehialtmaterial, a number of other fiber configurations are used. For example, \; ± e in Fi.;. 1k: is shown, a composite 1uj have a body made of a suitable plastic material 11 in which a multiplicity of short strands 12j are embedded in the surface zone 13j in such a way that they extend perpendicular to the outer surface 14.1. In another composite structure shown in Fig. 13, the composite TOk consists of a plastic material body in which the fibers in the surface zone 13k are arranged in the form of a fabric 12k and in which a multiplicity of short fibers 12j extend perpendicular to the surface through the Gaps extends in the tissue, so that there is an extremely high ratio of metal fiber volume to plastic material in the surface zone.

009885/1802

SAD ORJGiNAL

better abrasion resistance, since a complete circumferential ■ bond between fiber and plastic st off material to all Times is maintained.

"., 'ie inclined in FIGS. 14 to 16, the Λ Plastic body-also in. Liohrenfor; n available. In Fig. 7 / a composite 10m is shown, which consists of a tubular i · - f gene plastic body order consists in which a multitude of fibers 12m in the surface zone ■ 13m of the inner Surface ■ 14.2η of the tubular body is present. the Fibers 12m can optionally have any of the shapes described above. It has been found that in one arrangement of the fibers in the form of a knitted fabric, the improved stretchability of the rietal fabric discussed above an improved usability of the composite 12m results in types of use where occasional tensile forces in the Composite can be generated, for example for ballistic Purposes as well as the flow of liquids. A further improved function and reinforcement of the tubular body 11m can be obtained by making the fabric T2m in the form of a seamlessly knitted, tubular fabric is present. When producing such a composite

009885/1802

- "la -

For example, the seamlessly knitted tube can be placed on a mandrel and the plastic body in the usual way be molded around it. The metal mesh can be stretched on the mandrel, so that one finally pre-burned Reinforcement of the plastic body receives the same as the one obtained tubular composite gives a further improved strength.

In certain types of applications it is desirable to give the surface of the tubular member a rib configuration. For example, if a ballistic application is intended, the shell can form helical trains. In Fig. 15 such a composite 10n is shown, which consists of a plastic body pr 11n whose inner surface IAn has helical lines 15n, the metal fibers being in the form of a knitted fabric loop 12n into which a helical rib 16n is knitted so that the Jewebe 12n essentially coincides with the surface Hn having trains or depressions. It can be seen that the ribbed fabric 16n can be used in a composite, the inner surface 14n of which is cylindrical.

009885/1802

original

■ fflfp

Drisch is oaer if necessary: also the deepening or the train Tim has * AuSerdeai can be recognized; that the surface exuons, in which the fibers lie, also the surface area des Au.ienuiaf'anges can represent if in this ; iu: -; enzo.ne abrasion resistance desired v / ird.

The / as-ren könneii la röiirenf öraiigen llunat material body be distributed or even lie in the Oberfläcnenzone where v / urther · Ve r Strengthening de a Iionrenkorp he s ^ ewUnsciit v.'ird. · So the art can material body 11 von l'ifT, 1 represent part of a tube-shaped plastic body. Another easy configuration can be made in the tube-shaped body structure, as in Jig. 16, it is provided that the composite 1Qp has a tubular plastic body 11p; in which the fibers 12p are in the form of a continuous thread that runs through the tubular plastic body and extends around the circumference of the same.

Above a ixeihe properties unu special Anwendungaarten was in conjunction with the described composite structures discussed for the composite * JL but ^one S is obvious that the erfinaangegemäße composite structure also find many other practical Anvenduiigen. For example, all metal fibers can be arranged in Xunotst of! 'Material in such a way that an "electrical" connection is created through a composite The fibers consist of a rietall with a relatively high electrical resistance, so that the composite results in an electrical resistance component. However, the application is not restricted to the particular forms of application mentioned here.

The invention therefore consists of an improved composite structure in which a plastic base material iietal fibers of small diameter, which the desired improved properties, such as strength, abrasion resistance, stretchability, etc. impart. The fibers are effectively connected to the plastic material,

009885/1802

SAO OHtGJNAt

so that there is a better transfer of the laser properties to the plastic. Au. ^! In addition, the improved binding of the fibers made of plastic provides a greatly improved composite surface structure in which the fibers are practically in the same way as one. Panel cladding work, but at the same time are effectively held in the plastic body. The Pasermaterial can be selected so that α em composite other desirable '£ - ■ ■ be given properties such as high thermal conductivity or electrical V / esistance. The composite structure is extremely simple and economical to manufacture, but nevertheless provides the above-mentioned, extremely desirable features.

009885/1802

■ J & föZim & * ■■ & 8AO ORIßlNAI.

Claims (1)

- i ^J 2 - τ> L · J. ι.ι. · _ Λ j. ¹ ] ο ί 'si I. O ι ·., Υ 1. Composite body, consisting of a body made of synthetic material and a large number of ν.η. ;; eta "ij i'us with a rough, niuht ^ machine-machined ooer and a mean diameter of under et v / a C, 0L ^JI > 4- mru to strengthen the body. 2. Composite body according to claim 1, characterized ^ ekermzeich-.net, daiS the fibers from endless i ^ threads, from endless threads in üOrci a liovings, from endless ^ äden in i'ora of a yarn, from textured, endless threads, from fibers in niunt-Porm of a / woven wadding, made of fibers in the form of a gev / ebten Gev; ebes, made of pasers in the shape of a weft-knit Fabric, made of fibers in the form of a warp-knitted fabric or of fibers in the form of a braid. 3. Composite body according to claim 1, characterized in that that the fibers are in the form of at least two different configurations, one of which is non-woven Mat, a woven fabric, a weft knitted fabric, include a warp knitted fabric and a braid. 009885/1802 BATH ORIGINAL ώ. Composite body according to claim 1, characterized aadurch, äii'J the fibers-from. one, material of .high electricity · .e :; _; ".." id he ^ t and exists and are in electrical contact with each other under 311 αν, ηα: a 7 / ide'rs ΐ and -shei beiieit. !?. Composite body-nacJi - ^ "üaeprucii 1, dadurcn gekennseichnet, The fibers are made from a metal with an elasticity anodule. consist of at least about 20 million. D. composite body .After Anspruch- 1-, gekenn25eichnet by the DALI .Fasern of a metal having a tensile--iceit of: .iiiidestens etv / a 17 büO kf: consist / cn ^£ ". 7. Composite body according to one of the preceding objections, characterized in that the fibers in a? ' Surface oiien:; one arranged. d. Composite body according to claim 7 »characterized in that daiä in the surface zoie the volume ratio of Pasern to plastic material is at least about 40 ^. 8ADOR LIABILITY 1104469 9. Composite body according to claim 7, characterized in that that short * generally straight fibers are perpendicular extend to the surface of the zone. 10. Composite body according to claim 7, characterized in that that the fibers are in the form of a fabric, which extending generally parallel to the surface of the zone_unct forms a plurality of spaces, and a plurality of short, generally straight fibers extending in aen interstices perpendicular to the surface, 11. The composite body according to claim 7, characterized in that the plurality of fibers are knitted or knitted Forms tissue in which a hip is formed. 12. The composite body according to claim 7 »characterized in that it is tubular. 13. Composite body according to claim 12, characterized in that that the surface zone forms the radially inner surface of the tubular body. 009865/1902 BAD QRK3INAU ■■ '■■, - 25 - 14. Composite body according to claim. 7, 12 or "13" thereby characterized in that the fibers form a knitted fabric which is embedded in the surface zone and this confers abrasion resistance. · 15. Composite body according to claim 14, characterized in that that the fabric has a seamless hollow shape. " 16. Composite body according to claim 12 or 13, characterized that the fabric has a rib, especially a helical rib. 17. The composite body according to claim 16, characterized in that the surface of the zone of the contour of the ribbed Tissue follows. 009885/1802 Blank page