DE1653111B1 - Device for machining small pieces of material, especially pre-shredded wood - Google Patents

Description

1 2

The invention relates to a device conical surface of the guide channel walls attached

for machining small pieces of material.

particular of pre-shredded wood, with within Preferably the rotor is opposite the

a fixed knife basket can be moved around the knife basket.

The rotor that carries the from the insertion point (filling funnel) 5 A chipper designed according to the invention with incoming chipping material to the chipping knives to the truncated cone-shaped knife basket and to the guided and the flow gauges, which expand towards the knives, lead out guide channels in the manner of pump blades owns. formed guide channels is characterized by a

It is already a chipper of the type mentioned wall-free shredding work. Since the wood

with cylindrical knife basket and cylindrical io schnitzel under centrifugal force as well as predominantly

Throwing wheel known, (German interpretation with promoting suction to the knife basket

1 086 876), in which the rotor several are guided in the rotor and in front of it, in stable equilibrium

Straight lengthways, held secantially, remain at the point where they are

has ordered blades, which are brought at an acute angle to by the rotor-pump action,

The knife basket is in place and · the item 15 to be shredded is a good, cutting

hurl against the knife. Here, the bits (coarse chips) that lead to chips are made

Disadvantages that the Schniizelgut guaranteed due to the uniform thickness.

Uneven centrifugal effect across the cutting The stable equilibrium is achieved by

knife distributed is fed to the cutting stations that a wood chip arriving at the knife basket

the cutting knife is only partially loaded and 20 a larger truncated cone diameter

thus only insufficiently exploited, whereby directed force component as well as one by the

If the device efficiency was poor, the blade trailing edges were inclined

results in relatively small throughput. Since the force component of the same size to the small cone

the pulp to be comminuted also receives a swirled stump diameter. Since the pieces of wood

arrive at the knife basket and there are more cut and less smashed during the 25

The comminution process does not remain fixed, as in the case of the previously known chippers

if there are uneven chips with a large amount of dust, this is the proportion of fines in the chips produced

and a coarse fraction is generated, which makes chips relatively small.

Represent quality. The favorable cutting effect also brings the

To the disadvantage of an uneven cutting 30 advantage that the required force is lower To reduce knife exposure is one of the wider than with previously known devices known device of the specified type and that thus the drive motor er-Ari (German Auslegeschrift 1199 478) the rotor can be considerably smaller. The efficiency of the knife side with zigzag alternately inclined chipper is much larger placed on rotor end walls arranged guide vanes than in the case of the execution blades previously known in practice and a back and forth formed by it.

Providing a forward swarf passage. The conical design of the rotor also results in

alternating guide vane inclination should give the possibility of axially shifting the

shredding chips produce a sinusoidal snake regardless of the setting

force gel movement along the cutting knife, 40 chip thickness (board of the cutting knife) between

However, due to the inertia of the knife basket and rotor, this is always an optimally small one

Forcibly guided particle is never quite reached. Adjust radial gap, which is beneficial for the

In addition, with this design there is the risk of chip quality.

that a piece of wood during the lurching In the drawing, an embodiment of the movement is also shown a rolling and / or rotary movement 45 invention. It shows
makes, with chip washers from different sides F i g. 1 shows a vertical section through one of the particles to be machined.
increases. F i g. 2 a view without the knife cage on the

The object of the invention is to provide a device 50 knife assembly of the same chipper,

for machining of the type explained above with 10 a machine frame is referred to, which

create, which compared to the previous Vorrichtun on the one hand a foot bearing 11 and on the other hand a

gen the same size an enlargement of the sealing cover 12 to accommodate a waaae-

set amount as well as an improvement in the chip quality right drive shaft 13 carries a rotor (rotor

he brings. 55 station basket) 14 with guide blades 15 for the to

According to the invention, this task is to rotate material to be machined. On the drive shaft 13 it is achieved that the rotor wedges a truncated cone-shaped V-belt pulley 16, which is rotated by a shaped jacket and in front of a truncated-conical drive belt from a drive (not shown) shaped knife basket. The rotor 14 is designed in an intermediate manner and connected to the outlet end 60 with roller or ball bearings 17 or 18 on approximately the length of the cutting edge of the chipper knife on a front axle journal 19, which with expanding, a rotational suction causing a front plate fixed in the machine frame 10 guide channels having. 19 α is firmly connected.

In a preferred embodiment, the machine frame 10 forms in the direction of

Exit end (knife-side end) of the guide 65, the rotor 14, a shell-shaped housing 20 and

channels arranged in these webs, which has the sucked in between itself and the Äbdichtunpsdeckel 1.2

small pieces of material evenly over the whole of a hopper 21, which is in guide channels 15 a

Spread knife width. The webs can be parallel to the transitions.

These guide channels 15 α are aerodynamically shaped like the blade channels in pumps in the direction of a knife basket 22 which is clamped (screwed) between the housing 20 and the front plate 19 ″ and in separate knife head carriers 22 α chipper knife 22 b and stick knife (not shown) ) holds. In the process, the management channels expand. 15 a, until its mouth is flush with the cutting edge of the chipping knife 22 b . The rotor 14 with the blades 15 bent in the manner of a pump blade acts like a pump impeller. The guide vanes 15 form at the impeller outlet with the tapered surface of the blade tray 22 forms an acute angle, which is pressed to be machined Good also well against the chipper knives 22 b during rotation, when it is only worked with partial admission.

In order to ensure the most uniform possible application over the entire length of the knife in the case of partial loads, in which the small quantities of crop do not completely fill the guide channels 15 α , web plates 25 can be provided at the wheel outlet in the circumferential direction of the rotor 14, which are arranged in the direction of the Strörmings and the are respectively attached to the rear of the one blade 15 and to the front of the closest blade 15; these web plates 25 subdivide the exit cross section of each guide channel 15 α into two or more fields, seen along the surface line of the cone. In this way it is achieved in an advantageous manner that if the guide channels 15 α are not filled with good pieces, which initially hit the knife basket 14 on the small conical radius, they do not slip outwardly along the surface of the cone on the knife basket 14 due to centrifugal force and thus even with small subsets Loading of the chipper knife 22 b over the entire conical surface of the rotor 14 is guaranteed.

To achieve an optimal scissor cut adapted to the respective chip thickness, the distance between the rotor 14 can be shifted in the direction of its axis of rotation 19, 13. In a preferred embodiment , set screws 26 in front plate 19 a, which carry gears 27 on their outwardly protruding ends and are rotated by means of a large gear 28 which can be rotated by an attachable handwheel 29 or the like. The screws 26 press on a sliding pressure ring 30 on the front plate 19 α and thus move the thrust bearing 32 between the front plate 19 α and rotor 14 and thus also this rotor 14 in the direction of the foot bearing 11, so that the gap between the mouths of the guide channels 15 α of the blades 15 and the cutting edge of the chipper knife 22 & enlarged.

This displacement is counteracted by a leaf spring 31 against a screwed-in screw 31 α supported on the end of the journal 19 and 14 again pushes loosening the screws 26 the rotor in the opposite direction, so that the aforementioned gap decreases again.

The flat chips thrown through between the chipper knives 22 b as a result of the conveying effect of the rotor 14 acting as a pump wheel reach an annular space 23 which is covered by an outer, removable cylinder housing 24 adjoining the shell-shaped housing 11. From this cylinder housing 24, the conveying pressure generated by the rotor 14 transfers the machined material via a connection 33, the conveying effect possibly being supported by the suction effect of an exhauster (not shown) into which the evacuation line 34 opens.

In FIG. 2 the shapes of the blades 15 are visible. The blades 15 are bent or kinked in the direction of rotation (arrow A) , and the guide channels 15 α widen outwards in order to avoid congestion.

Claims (4)

Patent claims: 1. Device for cutting small pieces of material, especially pre-shredded material Wood, with a rotating rotor inside a fixed knife basket, which makes the the material to be machined from the filling point (filling funnel) is fed to the chipper knives and which has guide channels widening towards the knives, characterized in that that the rotor (14) has a frustoconical shell and in front of a frustoconical Knife basket (22) opening, pump blade-like and extending towards the outlet end to approximately the length of the cutting edge Chipper knife (22 teeth) widening guide channels (15 a) causing a rotational suction having. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at the outlet end (knife-side End) of the guide channels (15 a) are arranged in these webs (25), which the sucked Distribute small pieces of material evenly over the entire width of the knife. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the webs (25) are parallel to the conical surface of the guide channel walls (blades) (15) are arranged. 4. Device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotor (14) is mounted displaceably relative to the knife basket (22). For this 1 sheet of drawings