DE1634570A1 - Method for the installation of elongated objects in earth formations - Google Patents

Description

DIP!,. ITiG. G. PULS, SCHWEIGEHSTRASSBpp Q / Ε7Π DR.BVPEOHMANN _{mrao) l} as οβ si IDJHQ / U

TKI-XOBAl (IfADBE mOTXOTPATXNT 1

1A-30 567

DR.B.V.PEOHMANN «mfom SS Οβ 81 FSOTIDTPATINT

Description of the patent application

SHELL IHTERIiAIDIOlTAL RESEARCH MAATSGHAPPIJ N.V. 30, Oarel van Bylandtlaan, Hague, The Netherlands

concerning

"Procedure for installing elongated objects in earth formations ¹¹ .

The invention relates to a method for the installation and stabilization of piles, Pestma ropes and similar structures in earth formations and to increase their resistance, especially against being torn out from the soil.

Often there is a need for fixed foundations or pile structures, as well as ropes that neither the The weight of the superstructures erected on them, nor the forces tending to tear these structures out of the ground, give way. The manufacture of such pile structures is

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particularly difficult if a structure is to be built over a layer of earth consisting of unsuitable earth formations, such as loose or sandy soil. In order to achieve the required resistance, such formations the driving of very long piles is necessary. In the oil industry z. B. Serious problems related with the stabilization of pile structures used to support platforms for offshore drilling and productions should be used when these pile structures are embedded in unsuitable earth formations on the sea floor had to. The pile structures have to bear the weight of the platforms as well as the extremely strong forces that they strive to tear up from the ground and through the constant hitting and overturning acting forces of the water waves and currents against the platform, especially during a storm and also during an ice drift.

In the case of conventional piles with a smooth wall, an upward load in the longitudinal direction becomes the major part or completely by surface friction on the earth transfer. The piles are driven to a depth at which the surface friction and resistance of the formations into which they have penetrated are so large that they cannot be further penetrated under the Resist the action of a driving force. It is further

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1B34570

known, projections or foundations on embedded pile constructions to produce that serve as anchoring for the piles «These well-known projections or foundations consist of metallic approaches and the like and are quite effective as stabilizers when the stake is embedded in hard earth or stone. But they are of little consequence or no value »if the pile construction in earth is less Strength, e.g. B. sandy or loose soil embedded is · The need for a method of fastening Pile structures in unsuitable earth formations therefore obviously *

It is also known! To make foundations by a slurry of concrete mortar or other cementitious material around or from a pile into the surrounding earth pours. However, such a procedure points serious flaws that lead to a substantial diminution Resistance to the piles being pulled out. concrete and other aqueous »liquid or muddy types of Cementitious materials have certain shortcomings that make their value as stabilizing agents for pile-like materials Reduce constructions. For example, concrete is sensitive to the surrounding medium; so can the mud one Freshwater cement suddenly hardens and does not bind properly when placed in an unsuitable earth formation Contains sea water, salt water or the like, is pressed in

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Pressing in formations, the sludge is drained and forms a mixture that can no longer be pumped · Under these conditions the seawater and the like also feed such a thinning of the cement that its resistance to forces tearing the ff awls out of the ground strive, is significantly impaired. The strength of cement or concrete is further impaired if the "Piles against forces that pull them out of the ground strive to be fixed in clayey earth formations «This is due to the fact that the eon particles Absorb water from the cementitious mixture the cement becomes dehydrated and voids are created through which the entire cement mass is significantly weakened will, d. H. she becomes crumbly

Is the ground into which the stakes are driven relatively permeable, the solid particles contained in the cement material do not get through at all into the formation. Rather, solids are filtered out on the surface of the formation and only the water from the mixture penetrates into the structure of the formation This creates a thin skin of dehydrated skin Cement in the resulting from the driving in of the Efahl Cavity and thereby the resistance of the piles against the pull-out does not increase significantly. Also has cement insufficient binding capacity for metal and maintains

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break at the junction with a metal post, if the latter is subject to strong forces or impact loads who seek to tear it out of the ground.

The above are by means of the method according to the invention Lack of known metal foundations or cement protrusions eliminated. The invention relates to a method for the robust installation of elongated components in a Earth formation after which one

a) part of the component in position in the earth formation brings, _ -

b) a liquid, pumpable semicircle made of a polyepoxide with an average of more than one epoxy group per molecule and at least one 5 # stoichiometric Excess of a hardener with several amino hydrogen atoms through a pipe leading through the earth formation lets flow

c) squeezes the liquid mixture into the formation adjacent to the lower end of the component and so one Zone in which the mixture is in contact with the lower end of the component and with the earth formation and ' .

d) the mixture is allowed to harden.

The preparations according to the invention are pumpable, liquid mixtures, which are not affected by water

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represent a heavy oil phase, ie they are not dehydrated or diluted and also do not change into a non-pumpable mass, as is the case with concrete or cement. The preferred liquid preparations also harden at a foreseeable rate in contact with seawater and other aqueous solutions, while these significantly impair the hardening or setting of cement. The hardening of the liquid mixtures according to the invention is also not impaired by clay particles which, as mentioned above, weaken cement mixtures and make them crumbly.

Furthermore, the preferred liquid mixture according to the invention for stabilizing piles in relatively Permeable formations are used in which the known cementitious substances are not are effective, as in the known mixtures essential for the formation of a solid pouring with cement, suspended solid particles on the surface of the formation are filtered out. As the preferred Mixture according to the invention is a solid-free, pumpable liquid and represents an oil phase, the mixture hardens to a solid, both when it is within and when it is adjacent to the fabric of the earth formation is present and can therefore be found in sandy formations as well as in relatively impermeable formations hardened.

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Further, the preferred liquid mixture of the invention adheres to wet plaster and sets to form a much tighter bond with the metal piles and earth formation than any previously known material. Itarch experiments shown wurde- _t :: $ & § under idestisehen conditions, the mixture "according AEEI / v ^ fiMung eineVSelieriestigkeit '" by. It has at least 2 * to 8 times the shear strength of cement-containing preparations * After all, according to the invention, the hardened resin content is elastic and not dry and is more resistant to impact than concrete · ·. ; ^^. ^ -. ^ ,, _; U-. .- "" .. V ^ '.-. ^:: ■ "■;■; ■ ^;

.-- - Moreover, according to the invention, you can Ansalil "the sur Manufacture of suitable constructions is required diminish and do not have to drive the Ifahle -00 deep

In the case of the inventive term used ""

Polyepoxies are organiselie Suostanzeia. sit average "more iäb one irici ^ l ^ ä ®p®3iygruppe, € · Ju- more-than one

, ■. ■■; ■■ - _; :. ■■■ -,;.>; E. _r ü - ■ - ■ ... ■ ■ - - ""

^ e Üolekül «- These: Suiistansen kismen" saturated © of the ■. ■ · ".. unsaturated j. aliphatiselij. cycloaliphatisÄ, - aromatic or

be heterocyclic and can be replaced by substituents such as Chlorine atoms »hydroxyl groups and / or ether residues can be substituted. You may, but no active groups such as isocyanate groups, that are reactive with water.

Many polyepoxides and especially those of the polymeric ones Art are characterized by their epoxy equivalents for the sake of clarity. The term "epoxy equivalent" refers to refers to the number of epoxy groups in the average molecule of the polyepoxide. The epoxy equivalent is obtained by dividing the average molecular weight of the polyepoxide by the equivalent weight of the epoxide

Does the polyepoxide consist of a single compound and are all epoxy groups intact _? so the spoxy equivalent is an integer, e.g. B, 2, 3, 4 uäev ähnlichem.Im! Case of the polymeric type iron polyepoxides .However, many of the substances contain some monomeric monoepoxides or some of its epoxy groups are hydrated or reacted in other ways and / or containing substances macromolecules slightly different Molecular weights so that the spoxy equivalent weights are relatively low and contain fractions. The polymeric material can e.g. B. have epoxy equivalent values of 1.5 »1» 8, 2.5 and the like.

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1634

Preferred polyepoxides are epoxy polyethers of polyhydric phenols which can be obtained by reacting a polyhydric phenol with a halogen-containing epoxy or dihalohydrin in the presence of an alkaline medium. Polyhydric phenols which can be used for this purpose are mononuclear phenols, such as resorcinol, pyrocatechol, hydroolequinone, methylresorcinol and polynuclear phenols how 2 _? 2 => bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol-A), 2,2-bis (^ hydroxyphenyl) butane, 4 »4 ^f -dihydroinybenzophenone, - bis (4 ^ra hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) pentane, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, novolaks and resols. Examples of halogen-containing epoxides are 3-chloro-1,2-epoxybutane _s 3 ^ra bromine-1,2- = eposyhexane, 3-chloro-1,2 -epoxyoctane and similar «

The by this process from 2-valent phenols and Epichlorohydrin made monomeric products can by the general 3?

O 0 / \ / \ OxIq Oil — 1_ /. -OHtOH ₂ H ₀ -ORO-OH ₀ -

where R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical of the divalent phenol,

being represented. The polymeric products are generally not a single simple molecule but a complex one Mixture of grlycidyl polyethers of the general formula

0Q9829 / 008S

■ - ίο -

ο · ο

OH ₂ -CH-CH ₂ -O (RO-GH ₂ -GHOH-CH ₂ -O) _n RO-Cm ₂ -CH-OH ₂

where R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical of the divalent phenol and η is an integer of 0, 1, 2, 3 or more, I ¹ Ur each individual molecule of the polyether η is an integer, but since the polyether obtained is a mixture of different compounds, the analytically "determined value for η is an average value that is not necessarily 0 or an integer

Preferred polyepoxides are of the type described above the glycidyl polyethers of dihydric phenols and in particular of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, with an epoxy equivalent from about 1.0 to about 2.0 and a molecular weight from about 250 to about 900. Particularly preferred are epoxides with a softening point of no more than 80 ° G, determined by Durran's mercury method.

Another group of suitable polyepoxides are those Glycidyl ethers of novolak resins, which by condensation of an aldehyde with a polyhydric phenol. Epoxy resin is typical of this group of compounds from]? ormaldehyde-2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane-ljovolak resin.

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·} -

Others are suitable © - Bilyepoxyde

xfie Glycerin * friaet & flolpropaa 12nd ami. ^ Ay s © fis * t & sl- mad

BIe sm

t? © gäa Σϊ © In amla nitrogen © 1? in the

Lei? a, ilge® @ £ m @ a.

eiae-

yaniae si H ₄ , tmsln R © la

for the ÄmmsMl ¥ oa

Boljamimsa are imteie aadesea

ΟΌ9 "δ29 / 0-065

Particularly "preferred are polyethylene polyamines," the about 20 to about 80 weight percent polyethylene polyamines having an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 500 included. In these polyethylene polyamines of

lf
high molecular weight d usually starting with

Tetraethylene pentamine, related higher polymers

whose complexity increases with increasing molecular weight. The remaining about 80 to about 20% by weight of the mixture w consists of diethylenetriamine, which is used in amounts such that the mixture is flowable at about room temperature (15 to 25 ° C.). Mixtures of high molecular weight polyethylene polyamines are normally obtained as bottoms in the manufacture of ethylene diamine.

Other examples of polyamines are polyamines with one or more cycloaliphatic rings, e.g. B. 1-Cyclohexylamino-3-aminopropane, 1,4-Diaminocyclohexane, 1, J-Diaminocyeikpentan, Di (amino cyclohexyl) methane, Di (aminocyclohexyl) sulfone, 1,3-di (aminocyclohexyl) propane, 4-isopropyl-i, 2-diaminocyclohexane, 2,4-diaminocyclohexane, II, II'-diethyl-1,4-diaminocyclohexane and the like. Preferred in this group are polyamines with at least one amino or alkyl-substituted amino group, which are directly connected to a cycloaliphatic ring with 5 to 7 carbon atoms

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is bound. These cycloaliphatic amines are preferably obtained by hydrogenating the corresponding aromatic amines obtain. So you get z. B. Di (aminocyclohexyl) methane by hydrogenating methylene-dianiline.

Furthermore, heterocyclic polyamines such as !! - (aminoalkyl) piperazine, ζ, B. F-aminoethylpiperazine and N-aminotiutylpiperazine, usable.

Other suitable polyamines are products obtained by reacting the alkylene polyamines described above with Monoepoxides, polyepoxides or unsaturated nitriles in in such amounts that some, but not all, of the active amino hydrogen atoms are removed.

Other suitable substances are the imidazoline compounds, obtained by the reaction of a monocarboxylic acid with polyamines and by the general formula

. R "

X JO-R '

being represented,

wherein X is an ethylene radical, R ^{1 is} a long-chain hydrocarbon radical, preferably having at least 12 carbon atoms

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163A570

■ - 14 -

and R ^{n is} an organic radical containing an amino or amine substituted group. Particularly preferred compounds of this group are those which are obtained by reacting polyalkylenepolyamines miiA long-chain monocarboxylic acids, e.g. B. those with at least 12 and preferably with 16 to 30 carbon atoms can be obtained.

Particularly preferred substances with a plurality of amino hydrogen atoms are polyamides made of one Polycarboxylic acid with at least 7 carbon atoms in the molecule and an aliphatic polyamine, where the product obtained contains free amino groups. Particularly preferred are polyamides that are derived from polymerized, unsaturated fatty acids, e.g. B. dimerized and trimerized unsaturated fatty acids, which by heating polymerizable fatty acids of drying oils are obtained under known conditions, derive. Of the The term "polymerized, unsaturated fatty acids" is used here as a generic term and includes this polymerized mixture of dimerized acids, trimerized Acids, more highly polymerized acids and small amounts of residual monomer.

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The aliphatic used to make the polyamides ^ Polyamines are preferably alkylene polyamines and polyalkylene polyamines, e.g. B. ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, Triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,3-diaminobutane, hexamethylenediamine, 3- (1KEsopropylamino) propylamine and similar.

Particularly preferred polyamides have viscosities from about 10 to about 1750 lbs at 40 ° C and preferably from about 20 to about 250 P at 40 ° C. Preferred polyamides also have amine values from about 50 to about 450. Of the Amine value is the number of mg of KOH which are equivalent to the free amino groups present in 1 g of the polyamide,

Particularly suitable are the liquid polyamides, which by condensation of polymerized linolenic acid with an aliphatic polyamine, e.g. B. diethylenetriamine and have the following properties:

Amine value 210 to 230, viscosity 500 to 750 P at 40 ° G, sp. G. 0.99 and weighing about 3 »76 kg per g (weighing about 8.3 pounds per gram).

The polyamides used according to the invention preferably have at least 2 amino nitrogen atoms bonded to them Hydrogen atoms. Such products are obtained by

ΟΟ'9829 / ΟΟβΒ

adjusts the quantitative ratio of the reactants in such a way that that at least 2 amino hydrogen atoms are present, wherein the polyamine used as the reactant is used in excess.

Accelerators can also be added to the liquid mixture. Preferred accelerators are phenolic compounds, tertiary amines and mercaptans. Phenol and tri (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol are particularly preferred. It can too other phenolic compounds, e.g. B. alkyl-substituted phenols can be used. The amount of these accelerators is generally about 0.1 to about 5 wt .- ^, on the based amine used as hardener.

The proportions of the polyepoxide to the material .mit amino hydrogen atoms can vary within wide limits. The material containing amino hydrogen atoms should be at least about 5 and preferably at most 50 stoichiometric excess over the polyepoxide used, will. "Stoichiometric amount" here means the amount that one amino hydrogen atom for each to be reacted Epoxy group results.

The mixture of polyepoxide and hardener according to the invention is a pumpable liquid containing solvents can e.g. B. liquid, aliphatic, aromatic and

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, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, ethers, alcohols and mixtures thereof. Suitable solvents for polyepoxides are xylene, aromatic extracts from kerosene powder Lubricating oil or heavy, catalytically cracked omlauföl (cycle ' oil), generally oils above 80 ° G, preferably at boil about 176 to about 345 ° C. A particularly suitable one ! The solvent for the polyepoxide is an aromatic kerosene extract, which boils in the range of about 176 to about 265 ° C and has an aromatic content of at least 80% by weight, while the remainder are saturated, non-aromatic hydrocarbons. _ '

Suitable solvents for the amino hydrogen atoms containing hardeners are lower alcohols and ketones, such as ethanol, isopropanol and acetone.

The polyepoxide and the hardener can be dissolved separately in a solvent and both solutions before use be mixed up. The viscosity of the solutions is preferably about 1 to about Ί00 cP at the temperature of the to treating earth formation and the concentration of the polyepoxide and the hard he s in these solutions can be about 5 to about 20 vol. but higher concentrations can be used.

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The invention is explained in more detail by means of the following example. Polyether A is a liquid polyglycidyl ether of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane with an epoxy equivalent weight of 200, a molecular weight of 350 and a viscosity of 150 P at 25 ° O ₁

example

In this example, the production of a liquid mixture, the polyether A and, a polyamide from dimerized ! Contains linolenic acid and diethylenetriamine.

The preparation was made by mixing the following ingredients in the specified amounts:

Parts

Polyamide made from dimerized linolenic acid and diethylenetriamine, with an area value of 306 80

Polyether A 20

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

ι 3Pig. Fig. 1 is a schematic elevation, partly in longitudinal section, showing a pile structure stabilized in an earth formation by a hardened mass and also showing the general arrangement of a preferred apparatus according to the invention;

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Pig. FIG. 2 is a vertical section through the bottom of a hollow pile showing a preferred embodiment of FIG Hole arrangement in this,

Fig. 3 is a cross section showing a different shape and size the hardened mass shows

Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the lower end of a modified pile construction in an earth formation was stabilized by a hardened, liquid mixture according to the invention and ™

Fig. 5 is a schematic elevation, partly in longitudinal section; another embodiment of the invention.

1 shows a storage container 10 which contains a liquid 11 and rests on the surface of the earth 12. A hollow conduit 15 leads from the storage container to a pump 14- · Further, the conduit 15 with the manometer 16 and a flexible connection 17 connects the pump 14 to the head of a hollow, cylindrical pile construction with closed * bottom, which is indicated generally at 18 . The post 18 penetrates a generally non-fortified earth formation 19 made of loose material such as sand and / or gravel and has a removable locking cover 21 on its head shown near the bottom of the pile where it was being pumped in the direction of the arrow. The bottom of the stake is with a

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Closure 24 closed by a suitable shape. See that closed bottom 24 of the post 18 is a series of holes 25, so that a resin-forming preparation 26 from the pile can flow out into the surrounding earth formation 19. A circular protrusion 23 inside the post prevents it the ball 22 to get into the lowermost part of the post 18, whereby the leakage of liquid from the reservoir 11 is prevented in the formation.

As shown in Figure 2, a preferred arrangement of holes comprises near the bottom 24 of the post 18 3 layers of 4 holes 25 each, in which the 4 holes of each layer are at 90 ° are distant from each other. Each layer is rotated 45 ° with respect to the adjacent layer (s) and preferably the distance between the layers is about 7 »6 cm, to allow the liquid preparation to flow evenly enable. This arrangement of the holes results in the liquid material 26 being a solid mass or plug-like Forms envelope which completely surrounds the lower end of the post 18 (as shown in Fig. 1).

It is sometimes desirable for the material 26 to form bud-like projections on the exterior surfaces of the post 18. This can be achieved by suitable removal of the holes 25 or by having a smaller amount of the liquid material. 26 presses into the formation 19. In

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- 21 -

Pig. 3 is a cross section through a pole of the in - was stabilized a dirt earth formation 19 by hardened projections 27 of the liquid material according to the invention.

In Fig. 4 a hollow post 20 is shown The lower end has a slightly different construction than in the Pig. 1 to 3. As shown, the lower end of the modified pile a part 29 of smaller diameter, the star-shaped protruding, used for stiffening components (strut members) 30 which have the 'shape of circular plates or of rods. In every 3 cases they are in Distances along the part of smaller diameter 29 arranged so that they are with the layers of the holes 25 alternate. The use of the stiffeners creates a series of protruding ledges, which means that the Shear resistance of the solidified resin shell 31 against forces tending to tear the pile out of the ground, especially in "relatively hard and compact earth format! oiaen, as shown at 32 is increased substantially.

According to the invention, the hollow pile is closed with. Soil according to Pig. 1 first in the earth formation 19 to desired depth. To prevent sand and other loose material from entering the bottom of the pile 18 during

00 9 8297 0065

To prevent it from being driven in, the holes 25 are closed with the aid of cork stoppers, metal chassis plugs or suitable strips that adhere to metal. Subject to driving the pile is the desired amount of a hardenable, liquid resin preparation, e.g. B. one made according to the above example, poured into the pile. The meoprene ball 22 serving as a separating device is then introduced at the head of the hollow post and the head is then closed by connecting the closure cap 21 and the flexible connection 17 to it. Under the action of the pump 14, the neoprene ball 22 is driven downwards against the closed bottom 24 of the pile by pumping in water 11 from the storage container 10. As a result, the plugs are broken out of the holes 25 and the liquid mixture 26 is then pressed through the holes 25 into the surrounding earth formation 19, as in Pig. 1 shown. Initially, the liquid mixture migrates along and surrounds the outer wall of the pile, driving water from there. Then the advancing parts of the mixture mix with the surrounding earth and thus fasten the stake, as is easy to understand. The soil adjacent to the pile is impregnated with the liquid mixture which, when hardened, not only strengthens the pile itself, but "also strengthens and hardens the surrounding earth, which significantly increases the pile's resistance to being pulled out of the ground. If the ITeoprene ball 22 the circular

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shaped protrusion 23 near the bottom 24 of the post 18, a pressure increase on the manometer 16 is established. The pumping is then stopped and the liquid mixture is left 26 hardening.

Of course, other suitable methods and devices can be used to transfer the liquid mixture into the ! To drive formation, e.g. a mechanically operated ram can be guided down through the hollow pile to remove the to propel liquid mixture into the formation. It is also desirable to have the outside of the pile near its lower end to clean from annealing chip, z. B. by sandblasting or similar cleaning methods to the strength of the bond to increase the liquid mixture on the metal pole. Furthermore, the components of the liquid mixture can be made separately driven into the formation by the pile, e.g. B. by first driving the hardener into the formation and then the polyepoxide or vice versa. Furthermore, this can liquid mixture used to displace the soil and to mix with this and so a hardened widening or grape-shaped structure on one or multiple points to form through the stake.

Another and similar application of the liquid mixture according to the invention relates to the anchoring of tension wires,

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Guy wires (tension cables) and the like. In Pig. shows schematically how the resistance of a tension wire to being pulled out can be increased by making a beaded Mass produced from the liquid mixture according to the invention at the lower end of a tension wire. In Fig. 5 there is a hole 34 shown being drilled into an earth formation 35 to the appropriate depth and at the appropriate angle, around a tension wire 36 to include. At the lower end of the tension wire 36 anchors 37 (preferably made of metal) are attached to a good connection between the tension wire 36 and the bead 38 to be formed around it. A line 39 surrounds the tension wire 36 and extends from the surface to a point near the bottom of the hole 34 as shown. The liquid according to the invention can in a suitable manner through the line 39 to the desired location in the depth of the hole be pumped. An annular, inflatable gland packer 40 is at the lower end of conduit 39 attached to seal the lower end of the hole 34 so that it can be pressurized via the line 39 can. It should be noted that the tension wire 36 need not be passed up through the line 39, but next to it the line can be located.

To carry out this embodiment of the invention Procedure, the tension wire 36 is placed in the hole 34 and the line 39, on which the stuffing

009 8 29/0065

'- 25 -

rifle packing 40 is attached around the tension wire 36 lowered to the desired position in the depth of the hole. Then the gland packing 40 is inflated, so that it seals the lower part of the Xoehes and this to the through line 39 can be subjected to applied pressure. The liquid mixture according to the invention is thereupon the line 39 is pumped downwards, whereby the liquid Mixture accumulates around the irregularly shaped part 37 attached to the lower end of the tension wire 36. By continued The liquid mixture is pumped in laterally over the extension of the hole 34 into the earth formation 35 pressed, where it forms a bead-like mass 38, which strengthens the Erdfqrmation 35 after its hardening and the Pull-out resistance increased, as discussed with reference to Mg. 1 and 4. The gland packing 40 can be recovered by venting the air or the like and using the pipe 39 removed before the cfemic solidifies completely. In the end the hole 34 is filled again with the previously excavated earth. The tension wire 36 is now "effective through the hardened bead 38 stabilized.

When the earth formation 38 is relatively unsuitable or "loose", the liquid mixture can enter the formation flow out and form the bead 38 without pressure over

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the line 39 must apply. In this i "all is use the gland packing 40 is not required for sealing.

Pat ent claims

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Claims (6)

-S- 1A-3O 567 9} Claims Process for installing elongated objects in formations by introducing part of the object and stabilizing the object in the earth formation, characterized in that a pumpable »liquid mixture of a polyepoxide with an average of * more than one epoxy group per molecule and at least 5 # stoichiometry is seen Excess hardener having a plurality of amino hydrogen atoms is allowed to flow through a conduit leading through the earth formation, driving the liquid mixture into the formation adjacent to the lower end of the component, thus creating a zone in which the mixture is in contact with the lower end of the article and the earth formation, whereupon the mixture is allowed to harden. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a hollow pile is used as an elongated object which is embedded in an underwater earth formation, the pile having a closed bottom and openings in the lower end and that you can go through this Openings propel the liquid mixture into the formation. 009829/0065 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that that driving the liquid mixture into the formation by adding the desired amount of the liquid mixture to the Pile "brings a separating device into the pile, which has a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the pile and the pressure of a flowable substance can act on the separating device to the separating device to float downwards and the liquid mixture through the openings Drive out W near the bottom of the pile. 4. The method according to claim 1 for anchoring a fog with an anchoring part at its lower end, characterized in that the cable with the anchoring part and a conduit that extends from the surface to above the anchoring part into a hole in the Brdformation brings a gland packing to the bottom of the line and the liquid mixture under pressure in . the earth formation is drifting. 5. The method according to claim 1 to 4 »characterized in that the polyepoxide is a liquid Polyglycidyl ether of a polyhydric phenol is used. 6. The method according to claim 1 to 5 »characterized in that a polyamide from a hardener polymerize, unsaturated fatty acid and an aliphatic polyamine are used. 009829/0065 ' Blank page