DE1597873A1 - Process for developing latent electrostatic images - Google Patents

Description

'''' DIpl.-lng. FA Weickmann Dipl.-Chem. B. Huber

RANK XEROX LIMITED

Rank Xerox House
'5'ϊ> 8, Euston Road
London, im.w. 1

ENGLAND

Process for developing latent electrostatic images

The invention relates to a method for developing electrostatic images, in particular by using vibratory forces for the pseudo-liquefaction of a developer consisting of two components.

In the xerographic process, as described in the omtiscnen patent b "(2 76?), Electrostatic images are generated on a xerographic image surface, which consists of a rail of a photoconductive insulating material arranged on a conductive substrate. This xerographic plate is on its The surface is uniformly electrostatically charged and then exposed to a light image of the image to be reproduced, whereby the charge in the exposed surface parts is dissipated. The discharged surface parts of the layer generate an electrostatic charge image which corresponds in its "configuration" to the original image.

The electrostatic latent image can then be developed

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by applying a finely divided, electrostatically attractive material such as a synthetic resin powder. This powder is _& ehulten in the .bildfiächenteilen by the electrostatic charges of the fixed layer. Most of the developer peat was deposited in the places with the greatest charge, while at the places with the lowest charge the least or no developer ...; toff is tied. In this way, a powder image that corresponds to the image to be reproduced is generated. The powder is then transferred to a .Diatt kapier or other image surface and onto it

Image
fixed in a suitable manner to produce a permanent one.

The electrostatically attractable developer material, as is commonly used in xerography, consists also of a pigmented synthetic resin powder, such as "Soner" Dezeici.net 7 / ird, and a coarse, granular material. The i'ragertalonen zina in the c.xlgemeiner: with an otoff coated, which in the r.eibun.v.'jeiex: - triscnen Reine has a certain distance from the l'oner-to 'f, so that a r ei bungs electric one charge is generated for the powder and the carrier material. This means: -; ion powder on the carrier particles. The carrier particles also serve for the mechanical control of the toner, when it is brought into contact with the exposed xerographic surface. The toner particles then become attracted to the electrostatic image and create a visible powder image on the xerographic surface.

A well-known development process, hereinafter referred to as cascading development is called, It is in it, ciaia the developer material for contacting the image via the xerographic

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.dild area is poured or cascaded, during this process the carrier balls roll over the image area and touch the dic-ye on randomly distributed .banks. The kenge aes over the xerogr. Developing material flowing through the surface and the number of run-downs between the developing material and the textures of the surface determine the degree of development or the amount of ions deposited on the parts of the surface. The developer flow and the number of twicxl particles hitting each surface element of the xerographic image surface can be increased by increasing the evenness. This process, however, set limits, 'au x L> b ötrbmunjsgeschwinuigkeit de i ENTV / icklerstoTfes but since ^ ^ iId n; .ch viesexzen the free i?' Everything goes and therefore for i £ rhöhun _t: the ae3chv.-indi _t ness a Anfari _fc s- ^ e; 3chwindijKeit of Entwiciclerstoffes necessary. If there is an initial speed näi.g .: v. ^However , the carrier parts of the developer hit the photoconductive layer with a force by which the layer is either damaged or too large amounts of toner are separated from the carrier parts by the impact. (

The irfxnduiig now concerns a ^{veri v} .hren sur the development of latent electrostatic images on a picture surface with an electrostatic developing substance, ce: it ^ -3ine ^ en_; e of the inf.vioklerstoffes by yicration in a pseudo-liquid state and for a time sufficient for development is brought into contact with the static electrostatic image to be developed.

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The invention also relates to a device for carrying out this method. The vibration of the developer can be so achieved waden that the developer on one in vibration offset storage device is arranged or that a vibration element in the developer located on the storage device is immersed. The vibration can occur in a direction perpendicular to the latent image, or in a direction opposite to the bearing arrangement moving latent image, it takes place in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the image and parallel to the bearing ™ furnishings. The storage for the vibration element can be electrical be made conductive so that it can act as a development electrode v / irkt.

In the following, exemplary embodiments of the device according to the invention are described with reference to the figures. Show it: Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a xerographic developing device for carrying out the method according to the invention within a continuously and automatically working k xerographic machine,

Fig. 2 'the left lower side view of the vibration generating Elements shown in perspective, with some parts omitted to clarify the internal construction are,

Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-section of the storage device for the Development material, with the development material in its resting position is shown

Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross-section of the storage device for the Developer s to ff similar to Fig. ^, V / ooei himself the developer

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substance is in its pseudo-liquid state, Pig. 5 the cross-section of another xerographic developing device in a continuously and automatically operating xerographic machine,
Pig. 6 is a right perspective bottom view of the vibration

generating elements from the device according to Pig. !?, Pig. Fig. 7 is a top left perspective view of the Fig. 7 shown in the Pig. 5 and 6 as well as the entry sound Outlet openings for the developer, Pig. 8 the side view of a further xerognraphic development

facility in partially broken representation to clarify the internal construction,

Pig. 9 shows the cross section of a continuously and automatically operating xerographic copying machine with a further exemplary embodiment of a developing device, Pig. 10 the perspective right top view of the in ^ ig. 9 shown shaking device in a partially broken representation,
Pig. 11 shows the cross section of a part of a developing device

with a differently designed shaking arrangement, Pig. 12 shows a cross section of a further one formed according to the invention Development facility,

Pig. 13 the front view of the in Pig. 12 developing device shown,
Pig. 14 shows a cross section of a further embodiment of a xerographic developing device;

Pig. 15 is the top right perspective view of the in Pig. H shown Vibrating elements.

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In the Jintwicklungseinriehtungen described below the developing substance brought into contact with a picture surface in such a way that that the number of parts in contact between the two and the image area is significantly increased compared to known methods is. Mne xerographiscne bearing a latent electrostatic image The picture surface is made up of two components Developer moves by aich the carrier particles are in a state of constant motion and impact the screen. Due to the constant movement of the developing particles Each surface element of the image surface is permanently oeiiiiiert by different carrier particles and toner particles. The speed the movement of the developer results in A substantial increase in the renewal process can be seen as developer material and image within a given time.

jcsei the implementation of the ingenious development process If one of two components is ordered by £ ntv; icklersto ± "f in the I would approach a latent one. ELECTRICAL PICTURE IN Vioration. The vibration takes place so quickly that the one saturated with 'foner Carrier gets into a pseudo-funny state or in a liquid-sensitive state is suspended within the respective particles are in constant motion. The Jüntwicklerstoir in this condition is then with a xerographic image area to develop a latent electrostatic ± silaes brought into contact.

The developer can consist of a composition such as they are currently used for cascading failure in commercial forex

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graphic machines is used. Such a composition is bexspielsweise described in British Patent No. 686 ", which can for example consist of carrier particles of glass or steel, which are provided with a coating of vinyl chloride, are thereby vorhmden in contact with the toner, the erforderlicnen Reidun ₁ JSelektrischen properties. The toner is generally a pigmented synthetic resin or the like, which is suitable for developing xerographic images.In the devices described for carrying out the process according to the invention in a blow dryer, the developer peat, which consists of two components, is applied in the form of a flat and continuous layer to the surface of a horizontally drawn tray The shell is then set into vibration in a vertical direction and is provided with guides for this purpose which hold it horizontally during its movement. In order to bring the shell into one of its end positions, springs can be provided.

A xerographic image surface with a latent electrostatic SiId is arranged above the developer material and the shell, so that aer ic; pseudo-flüs..i _ö -en state cefindlivho developer material aas £ ild touched and developi-ELT. In an automatically and continuously working xercographic copier, the image surface is moved away using the lntv / i cycler material so that new parts of the image are continuously developed one after the other.

Due to the constant movement of the Znr.vioiclerstoffes within the bed, which is in the pseudo-liquid state, the particles are constantly in new internal states of contact with the picture surface _fc "e-BAD ORIGINAL

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brings. The transfer of the toner particles from the carrier particles to the image surface takes place during such a contact process. The deposition of toner on the image areas is physically caused either by the increased attraction of the image charges compared to the attraction of the carrier particles or by the toner being thrown off the carrier particles when the developer hits the xerographic image area, after which the dissolved toner is attracted by the image charges . Due to the constant movement of the developer substance f permanently fresh developer material is georucht with the image surface in contact.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the automatic xerographic Copying machine has a xerographic image surface in the form of a flexible area 1O, which moves in the direction of the arrow shown and is moved past a number of process stations. The components of these Llaachine are in the xerographic technique overall known with the exception of the facility for implementation of the development process of the present invention.

.tie shown in the figures becomes the xerographic image area in i'orm des flexiolen üand 10 through a development area 11 led. The jaand 10 is run on reels 12, H, 16 and 18, according to which at least one is moved by a not shown AntcLeDseinrichtung for transporting the tape.

The device described below works with a xerographic Image area in the form of a ribbon, to carry out the

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According to the method ⁵ according to the invention, however, any image surface that has been changed is also suitable in the same way, for example a drum or a flat plate. When using a flat plate, this is either moved over the development zone or fixedly arranged within it.

Near the xerographic belt is a tray 20 with developer material which can be vibrated in the vertical direction. It is located a predetermined distance below part of the tape. The one in Pig. Z clearly presented aarge- 'shell consists of a bottom 22 and upright walls 24 BEITEN> form a container for containing a particulate substance xerographic developers. Since the shell is set in rapid back and forth movement during operation, it should be made of a material that is as light as possible, but rigid, for example aluminum.

The bowl can be moved by any suitable drive means. Such a device, as described in _{(hereinafter,} includes a connecting member 26 in the form of a leaf spring which is provided between the shell and the moving elements. The upper end of the link is provided with a bearing 2b, the two projections 30 in A pin 32 is pressed into the projections 30 and is rotatably arranged within the bearing 28 so that the shell is firmly connected to the connecting member in this way on the

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Peel. The lower * end of the connecting link is also provided with a bearing 34 which is connected to an eccentric 3b provided on the drive axle -jd. A belt pulley 40 is provided on the other side of the drive axle 38. This rotates the axis 3b at a high speed and is driven by a motor 4 ^ via a drive wheel 44 and a belt 46.

The drive axle 38 is rotatably mounted in bearings 48, aic 'Are attached to the frame 50 of the machine. The bearings 48 allow a rapid rotation of the drive axis around the longitudinal axis.

The holder and guidance of the developer tray is by holding devices guaranteed to be above and below the

themselves
Scnale are located. Holding surfaces 52 run upward from the two opposite side walls 24 of the scales. These form projections of the respective side wall in an outwardly directed V / angle. Each holding surface extends over the entire length of the shell. An overlay 54 is assigned to each holding surface for storage. The spring plates match the length of the holding surfaces and form a flexible mounting for the shell. They are each formed from a first horizontal part 56, below which they are rigidly rounded with a fixed bearing 59, for example a frame part of the machine. The inwardly directed ends of the spring steel sheets are directed downwards at an angle, so that the angled part bü of each spring steel sheet with the angled part of the respective

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gene holding surface 52 runs parallel. The angled parts of the Holding surfaces are located above the corresponding parts of the Federoieche, so there is a downward force acting on the bowl AusuDt is canceled by the spring action of the spring steel sheets and the suspension assists a return of the shell after the movement in a predetermined plane.

In order to vibrate the shell, only the motor 42 has to be switched on. The high rotational speed of the rotor 42 and the drive wheel 44 is transmitted to the drive axle 38 via the belt 46 and the pulley 40. As a result of the rotation of the axis of life, the eccentric 36 and thus the leaf spring 20 are moved at high speed and with a small stroke. This .movement is then converted into a vertical üVech. The movement of the shell is implemented. Due to the central arrangement of the connecting element on the shell, the driving force on the shell is evenly distributed between the holding surfaces and spring steel sheets. This central force action causes the bowl to be held in the horizontal position during the alternating movement. Although the shell is moved by a fixed mechanical connection, the feather oil marries act to return them to their uppermost position during operation.

To carry out the inventions! Development 3 method is it is first necessary to prepare the development bowl. this takes place by an even distribution of a layer of a two components of existing development on the scale, while this is in the in Fig.; aarosed rest position is located. Then the IJotor together with the actuation mechanism for

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the other procedural facilities involved. The the developer containing tray is vibrated vertically at a high speed. This creates a suspension of the developer substance contained in it into a pseudo-liquid Condition caused so that it forms a so-called fluidized bed on the shell surface. During this process, the developer takes up a liquid-like state within the space between the xerographic image surface and the floor and the Üeitenwilden of the shell, as shown in Fig. 4. That electrostatic latent image is then developed as the land is passed over the fluidized bed formed with the developer.

“If a discontinuous facility is used, for example a xerographic plate, the shell is described in the «Ice filled with developer material. The xerographic However, the image surface is previously covered with an electrostatic image. Then it can be firmly attached independently of the shell or vibrated together with the shell. In both cases, when the bowl vibrates, the entire image is in the sense of developed in a full-screen development.

A developer mix suitable for producing good copies contains a toner concentration of 2.5% by weight. 200 milliliters of this Developer materials are evenly distributed on the bottom of a 30 χ 9 cm sprayed on a large bowl. The bowl is then rotated with ^ 2OO revolutions per minute and an amplitude of 0.8mm and at a distance of 6.35mm between the bottom of the dish and the image.

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The image is then scanned at a speed of ^, Scm / sec. to the
Development by being in the pseudo-liquid state
Developer led.

In one in the I ¹ Ig. In the alternate embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5-7, the developing device includes a conductive vibrating plate disposed beneath at least a portion of the electrostatic latent image. The plate is electrically biased or grounded and simultaneously set into vibration, while a two-component de-icing agent is cascaded over it. Due to the prestress, the plate acts like one
Development electrode for improved tinting of continuously tinted image areas.

The constant movement of the developer inside the fluid bed causes a constant new contact activity of the developer particles on the image surface. The transfer of the toner particles from the carrier particles on the image surface parts takes place during the respective Touch processes take place. The deposit of 4Oner on the Image areas are physically created either by the attraction of the image charges, which exceeds the attraction of the carrier particles or by separating the toner from the carrier particles when they hit the xerographic image surface, after which the image charges attract the dissolved toner particles.

As shown particularly in Fig. 5, the development devices are in a closed development housing
, 02. The lower part of the development housing forms a storage

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container ö4 for receiving the developer material, which consists of two components. Because the image development causes the toner concentration is reduced in the developer, additional toner can through a refill device 86 of liquid APt in the developer supply to be entered

The developer material is brought from the storage container 84 by an endless conveyor belt 90 into an elevated position 88. It can then fall through the development area 12 by gravity. The conveying device is of the type known in particular for casca development. It consists of an endless flexible belt 32 with elongated conveying buckets 94 which are fixed on the belt at a mutual distance. Eih§ Ansah! From roles 96, 98, 100 and 102, the murderer Daiia in the in! 'Ig. 5 arrow direction shown ^; » For example, a cave 96 is driven by a device, not shown, for transporting the belt 90 and thus the development of the material into its elevated position.

The developer stole falls out of the conveyor buckets through different zones of the development area. Then it gets back into the storage container, so that this results in a continuous cycle. The developer material passes on its fall path through an inlet chute 106, which is above the surface of the vibrating electrode plate 108 near the Mld; _iru; is arranged, and through the Ausittsschuxte i ιυ sov / ie dtnn to-. back into the storage container 84 · ■ ......

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The Vibrationselekxi-odHj't j .--- to ΊΟϋ that in the Pig. 6 and '( is shown in more detail, consists of a light, conductive material, for example aluminum. Its width roughly corresponds to that of the illustrated book ib , to which it is at a distance within the development area. The surface of the electrode plate is formed by three partial surfaces, namely the beveled entry surface 112, the beveled exit surface 114 and the flat central surface 116. This runs parallel to the rear side of the electrode plate, which is provided with a connecting element for connecting the electrode plate to a movement device.

The connecting elements for the electrode plate are two fastened at a distance from one another on the back of the electrode plate Angle parts 1i8. They are provided with openings near the plate and arranged centrally on the plate in order to ensure a central "transfer of the driving forces to the plate. The Antriebstanre ik.2 is on the angle parts at a small distance from rigidly attached to the electrode plate by welding or bolts or similar. The bolts 120, which are used for further fastening the openings in the angle parts and the back of the electrode plate are guided.

The isolation of the electrode plate from the drive rod is by insulating washers 12b and plates 126 between the bolt head and angle part or angle part and slectrode plate reached. Further For this purpose, sleeves are also provided through which the bolts are passed are. Due to the isolation of the electrode plate, the

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Supply of a bias voltage or of earth potential with respect to the j ' Drive roller through the voltage source 130 possible. The electrode intensifies the electric field in the area of the image and thus improves the coverage of continuously tinted areas.

The movement of the drive rod and thus the electrode plate is mechanical or with any suitable drive device electrical type achieved, which generates a longitudinal alternating movement. For this purpose, a vibrator 132 can be destroyed, which is operated by the Jeffrey Company and uses electromagnetic pulses to vibrate a spring assembly 134 that acts on the Drive rod 122 for shaft movement in that shown in FIGS Acts in the direction of the arrow. The vibrator 132 is on a Bearing 136 on opposite sides of the development housing permanently mounted. Each vibrator generates a clean "backward movement" of the drive rod 122 and the electrode plate 108 without the need for rails or the like for guiding the Movement, if another drive device is used, so are depending on the type of motor used guide rails required for the plate and / or the drive rod.

On the opposite side edges of the electrodes-> plate are non-conductive plates 138 made of polyurethane foam or similar. intended. These plates are each attached to the electrode plate by a non-conductive, adhesive nylon and HO so formed non-conductive side edges give the ^ electrode, Plate 108. The shape of a channel for guiding developer material over their surface. Due to the non-conductive nature of this

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Another element is the maintenance of an electrical potential possible on the plate, even if there is contact with a conductive part during operation.

In "the direction of the .developer flow are on top of each other opposite sides of the electrode plate 10b the inlet chute 106 and the exit chute 110. These chutes enclose the development area and the tape provided with the image and are secured in place on two sides of the development housing. The inlet chute is provided with an enlarged inlet opening 162, with that of the developer from the conveyor is collected and directed to the electrode plate. The exit opening 164 corresponds to the bevel the electrode plate is also bevelled. A small gap between both parts is required for their interaction to prevent during movement of the electrode plate. """In a similar way the outlet chute 110 is provided with an inlet opening 16.6 near the surface 114 of the electrode plate. The · Outlet opening 168 of the outlet chute is used to guide the Developing agents.s; on its free fall into the reservoir. 84.

Since the pseudo-liquefaction of the developer and the image development on. ■■ take place on the flat central surface 116 of the electrode plate 108, a 'liquefaction of the developer material at any other point in the development device is not' necessary '. It turned out to be beneficial to electrically bias parts of the inlet and outlet chutes in order to prevent the formation of toner clouds caused by the movement of the

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Developer peat can arise within these parts.

There is an entry chute to suppress cloud formation 106 from a grounded lower plate I4f> and a pre-stressed top plate 14 &, both of which are supported by insulating side walls I49 made of a suitable "*" insulating material such as a dielectric Phenol are linked together. The exit hut HO is made up of a grounded lower plate 150 and a grounded upper plate Plate 152 and a prestressed additional plate 154 formed by insulating side walls similar to those of the inlet chute are connected to each other. The additional plate 154 suppresses the movement of toners, which are outside the Possibly continue on both plates of the entry chute can. The voltages of the sources of voltage applied to the chutes 156 and Ίt> ö are opposite to the charge of the toner particles The opposite polarity in the toner clouds creates a collection of the free toner particles and thus a suppression of aer Cloud formation as it occurs during the developer flow through the Shedding can occur.

To start up the development device according to the invention, the various other devices must first be switched on via the copying machine. This is done by means of an installation device known for continuously and automatically working xerographic systems. Through this all individual devices, for example the belt conveyor motor 80, the. Drive device 104 for the development device and the vibrator ι '1> 2 for the Electode plate switched on, furthermore the biases

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applied to the inlet and outlet chutes as well as to the electrode plate.

While the images contained on the surface are being conveyed through the development area 12 , the two-component developer material is continuously conveyed into the inlet chute 106 by the conveying device 90, so that it is supplied to the flat central part of the electrode plate. This process is supported by the beveled entry surface 112 of the electrode plate. W _e nn the developer material touches the electrode plate, it is between its vibrations. chen her and the picture surface to and fro. As a result of this action, the developer material gets into the pseudo-liquid state, and since gravity also acts on it, it has the appearance of a flowing liquid.

The bias of the vibrating electrode plate supports the image created in the continuously tinted parts of the surface electric field. For better tinting of these parts of the surface, the field generated by the bias tends to dissolve the toner particles of their carrier particles in the image area parts. This effect is that of the electrode plate in inverted Cascading devices similar.

Below the flat part of the electrode plate, the developer flow reaches the beveled exit surface 114 and falls by gravity into the outlet chute 110, located here the developer material is outside the influence of the vibrating

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Electrode plate. That is why it does not have a pseudo-liquid state when it falls free into the storage container. The bias the chute suppresses the formation of toner clouds that occur in the case of a developer consisting of two components a non-prestressed surface can arise. The developer is in the storage container with the developer already located there mixed and used in a further cycle through the development area. Consumed by image development Toner can additionally be added to the developing device through the replenishing device 86.

In a further embodiment of the developing device according to the invention When the vibrating element is immersed in the developing agent, as shown in FIGS. 8 to 11, the developing device contains a support plate for the developer underneath at least part of one with a latent electrostatic Image provided drum in with this more centric Location. Development electrode wires are arranged in the development area between the bearing plate and the image surface. There are Furthermore, devices are provided for moving the electrode wires and the bearing plate around the drum axis. It is one of two components If the existing developer material is brought between the plate and the image, it will vibrate through the wires and the plate and gets into a pseudo-liquid state, touching the picture. The transferred to the developer Vioration and its pseudo-liquid state have a lasting effect renewed touching of the image area by the particles of residual developer.

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The drum 210 shown in FIG. 8 is on an axis 212 rotatably mounted and is driven by a drive device, not shown turned. This causes an electrostatic latent image thereon to be developed through a xerographic development area 214 moves.

Two plates 216 are also provided on the axle, each are provided with an opening 218. This opening allows the plates to oscillate around the axis. The plates are located on each end face of the (drum and are mitejrander by a curved plate 220, which is concentric with the drum surface, connected. The curved plate works as a support plate for the particulate developer near the xerographic surface of the drum during development and also transmits a vibration to the developer.

The two plates 216 are also supported by a number of development electrode wires 222 connected to one another, which also run concentrically with the drum 210 and the curved plate 220. The distance between the wires allows easy passage of the developer material. The electrode wires are in the Plates fastened in openings 224, including insulating strips 226 made of polyurethane foam or similar. The electrode wires are then either with a voltage source 227 or with earth for training of an electric field near the drum. In addition to generating fields on the drum, the wires are used when vibrating together with the respective plate to transmit a vibration to the developer within the development area

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An oscillatory movement can be applied to the plates 216, which are curved Plate 220 and electrode wires 222 can be transferred by any suitable means. Such a facility is best in the present case of a connecting member 22ö, which is attached to his Each end is provided with a bearing 230 and 234, respectively. The first Bearing 250 is mounted on a citift ^ 32 attached to one of the end plates protrudes. The second camp 234 is on a similar one Fixed pin 236, which acts as an eccentric on a drive device 230 is located. When it is rotated, v / ird on the connecting link 228 and the Abaehlußplatten 216 a change oew & gung transfer. The closing panels are clouded by their jef it the main drive axis 212 into an iron-centered one with the drum Movement offset. This takes place so quickly that the developer between the drum and the curved plate what is put into a pudo-funny state through the transferred with the iJieKxroaenaränten and the rebogene plate Vibration is caused. The one defind in this state Dev / i disgusting toffma ^ se gelaiigx in unraveling with the uld on the drum.

A storage container for nitrogenous material is arranged above the development area 214. This is open at its upper side 242 for the filling of devolatilizing material. The bottom part of the container is provided with an opening ZA-A through which the two-component developer is fed into the development area in front of the drum and the curved plate. A flexible, tubular connection 246 extends the length of the developer container and

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the curved plate imu rlent for supplying the developer from the container to the development area. It should be noted that the lowermost surface 248 of the container is inclined towards the lower opening in order to prevent the flow of the developer material in the direction to assist the development area by gravity.

The arrangement of the end plates 216 is such that the developer flow from container 24-0 to a receiving tray 250 runs. This tilted position of the end plates and the curved The plate, in conjunction with the elevated storage container, creates a gravity-fed conveyor system for the continuous supply of fresh developer material in the development area. The receiving tray 250 is used for collection of the developer material that comes out of the development area.

A xerographic machine is shown in FIGS. equipped with the development device according to the invention is and works continuously and automatically. The components this machine are known in the xerographic technique with Except for the development facility, which is divided into two main parts, a mover 252 and a developing housing 254

The movement device shown in perspective in FIG consists of two closure plates;> 1c, which are provided with openings 318 are which a movement on the main drive axis ^ 1k the (drum. The development electrode wires 322 connect

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bind the two end plates together and are close to the Drum and arranged concentrically with it. The electrode wires are fastened in openings 324 of the closing plates, for which purpose Isolation strips 326 made of polyurethane foam or similar are used. The electrode wires are electrically connected to a high voltage source 327, creating a field close to the electrostatic image on the drum. Are the electrode wires in a oscillating movement, they act mechanically on the developer material and transmit a vibration to its particles, see above that the ^ intwi ekler gets into a pseudo-liquid state and causes an image to develop upon contact with the drum.

In order to ensure a continuous flow of developer material through the development area 3H, the movement device 252 is provided with various guide plates. Between the end plates an I-shaped β part 256 is provided, the longer / surface 258 concentric with the drum and the electrode wires is bent. This / ft area serves as a storage space "for the Developer material when it vibrates and divides the movement device into an upper and lower space for guiding the developer material a.Furthermore, a J-shaped plate 260 is attached between the end plates, the curved part 261 of which allows the development of Substance from the development area 314 into the development housing 254 returns. The straight part of the plate 260, together with the lower surface of the part 256, also serves as a guide of the developer material into the developer housing 254. ·

The developer housing 254 is used to accommodate the developer

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from the movement device 252 as well as for inputting the Entwieklerstqffes into the movement device'252, whereby there is a allows closed development cycle. The ones not shown Side walls of the 'housing are on a fixed part of the copier ^ mOiIt i he t. The wall 262 makes the closed one The development cycle is completed from the outside.

In the lowest part of the development housing there is a ' Well 264 with a supply of two components Developer is filled. · In the upper part of the housing is a refill device 266 is provided for new tohe'r. "

Behind the front surface 270 'of the development housing, a chute 268 is formed with a plate 272, which ^: connects the side walls of the "housing" and allows the developer to move into the agitation device 252 by gravity A conveying device 274 with conveying cups is used to convey the developer material from the supply 264 in the upper part of the chute 268, which is guided on the rollers 276 and 278, by which the latter is driven. ■ ■ - ^! ""

Transversely in the developing housing and the moving means is arranged an intermediate wall, ^"di: e with ^a"!. Eintrittöffhung 280 and a lower outlet opening "282 is for the developer t of f 'is provided -Tim these openings to hold separated from each other and movement of the "To enable movement device with respect to the development housing, sheets 284, 286, 288 and 290 are made of a flexible material, e.g. Buna-itf on "silk, used." This "-, ■ '■■' ■ - ^: t ^ i \ l'V ^ f 009838/0 362

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Blades are attached to each other and to the various parts of the machine by a commercially available adhesive. The side sheets 284 serve to seal the entire space on the sides of these two devices. Three horizontally running "sheets", an upper sheet 286, an intermediate sheet 20 and a lower sheet 290 meet the inlet opening and the outlet opening from one another. The top sheet 286 is secured between the front surface 270 of the development housing and an additional schjffie 292 which extends between the end panels. The intermediate sheet 286 is fastened between the intermediate plate 272 and the shorter part of the element 256. This flutter form a port of the chute 268 in the direction of the development area 114. The lower sheet 290 is fastened between the plate and the part of the storage container 264 that is close to it. The Zwischenolatt zöö unä. that our sheet 290 form on this. In other words, the guide for the developer from the outlet opening 2ö2 into the storage container 264. In this way, a closed developer circuit is created, which runs from the storage container 264 to the top of the chute, through the chute Zob and the inlet 280 in the. Development area 314 to aerate the curved part. Leaf 260 to the outlet opening 282 and finally back into the storage container 264. ,, ...

The driving forces for this development system are like ^ from _; Fig. 10 emerges, arranged right next to the development parts ai ^. The drive device includes a motor _; . ZyVC ₁ movement of the conveyor and a second iüotor y-jQ. for alternating movement of the vibration device at high speed. The different

-26- B & ^D

fi? -r; u: ti-

other process stations by any suitable drive device, as it is known for xerography machines will. In Pig. 10 is the mechanism for vibration control the vibration device shown. A motor 338 running at high speed is at a fixed point Machine assembled. For this purpose, damping elements are used to

Avoid vibrations inside the machine. On the drive pulley of the motor 294, a link 328 is eccentric arranged, which is provided with a bearing at each end. That first bearing 330 is mounted on a pin 332, which is attached to the about the main drive axis is located vibrating device which is movable in an oscillating manner. It was found to be beneficial to keep the connecting link at the center of the forces acting on the sealing plate fasten to avoid unwanted vibrations.

During operation, the development device is set in motion, if there is a given amount of two components, the developer is in the reservoir, nourishing the Vibration device executes vibratory movements with the conveyor device continuously developing material from the storage container conveyed to the top of the chute. The developer falls by gravity through the chute, through the inlet opening and in the development area, where it has the pseudo-liquid state accepts and causes development. The vibration device if something is juxtaposed to the horizontal, so 'dais the developer, that by the action of the L-shaped element and the vibrating one Electrode wires in the pseudo-liquid'.State g, erät, also passed down the L-shaped element "is.rund. up

009838/0362 χ ^

ir

enters the bent part of the J-shaped plate. The developer- .· material is in the lower half of the vibration device by the effect of the flat part of the J-shaped plate in his Maintained pseudo-liquid state and flows on this plate down through the outlet opening and into the storage container. It should also be noted that the flat part of the J-shaped plate is slightly inclined relative to the horizontal, namely opposite to incline the L-shaped element to effect the flow reversal. During the process under consideration, with the conveyor is constantly conveying developer material from the supply to the top of the chute in order to ensure the continuous flow of the To maintain developer material through the development area.

In Fig. 11 is another embodiment with an L-shaped Element 456 shown, which on its longer, serving as a storage for the developer part 458 a Bäg.e; tooth-shaped has cross-section. With this facility, the Vibration device flowing amount of developer material .a larger Cross-section pool faced. By using this sawtooth-like plate lies the flow of the im pseu <ä, a-liquid Condition of the developer is better on this surface. This will lead the developer down the curved plate and avoiding any upward movement within the flow.

To improve the tint, continuously tinted surfaces can be two or more sets of electrode wires can be used.

009838/0362

Mr Vibrationselektro.de formed in this way can do all the suitable ones elongated conductors can be used - for example, wires, a Electrode grid or even a perforated metallic plate, if it is ensured that there are enough openings are the movement of the developer between the image and allow the curved plate in the manner described.

In a further embodiment of the development according to the invention " treatment facility included in the Pig. 12 to 15 are shown Devices for alternating movement of the electrode wires and one Storage plate for the developer underneath a rotating 'pious! provided, the movement transverse to the direction of rotation of the Drum takes place becomes a two-component Developer placed between the storage plate and the image, so the effect is through the wires and the plate on the desiccant transmitted vibratory movement its transition into the pseuüoflüssigen Condition, with the / sild in the already described Y / eise is touched off by the developer. The constant vibration of the developer causes repeated touches of the ■ Developer particles on the image surface. The direction of the vibration at right angles to the direction of movement of the picture surface causes a composite Movement of the developer within the development area. The developer doesn't just move in the direction of movement of the image due to its direction of flow, / but also across this direction. This compound movement of the developer opposite the image area prevents the formation of traces and streaks that occur when vibrating in another Direction would occur.

00 * 838/0382

bath.

-29-

While the developer is in its pseudo-liquid state is located, it has the appearance of a liquid, with the entire fluidized bed having a homogeneous density distribution. This uniform density over the entire length of the development area causes a similar Eim / iricen the same Amount of developer H on the image over the entire xer ο graphic Away. This reduces the possibility of underdeveloped streaks on the iiildflacne to a minimum,

In the machine shown in FIG. 12, a latent electrostatic image is generated on the image surface of the xerographic drum 5'IO, while in the present case a drum is used, but any other xerographic image surface can also be used, for example in the form of a plate or a tape used v / earth. The Xerography before Tromisel is mounted on a drive axle 512 so that i-le can be rotated in tseiaen sightings. By the rotation of the drum - the different parts of the image ground nacheirsider ~ L ^ · 5s Untwicklungsbereieh gebrecht 514, where they are developed to the in-liquid state pseuao SNTV / icklerstoff.

Immediately below part of the drum is a curved plate 516 which is concentric with the drum 510. It is supported near the two ends of the drum by rigid mounting plates 516. The lower parts of this mounting plate are attached to flexible metal sheets 5 ^ U, the lower ends of which in a suitable V / eise on a base 52.2. are mounted. Fastening rails 524 between the flexible metal sheets are used for this purpose

-50-

and the. Base plate 522.

In the development area between the drum 510 and the curved plate 516, a vibrating grille 526 is also arranged. This is also bent concentrically with the drum and the curved plate. The ends of this grid are on the fixing plates 518 fastened with insulating rails 528, which for example consist of polyurethane foam or similar. The grid can grounded or biased with a voltage source 530. Because of that the grid acts as a development electrode for generation an electric island on the Uildfx area.

The movement of the vibrating elements is brought about by any suitable drive device. In the present case this consists of a Kotor 532 which is mounted on a suitable table 534. It is aligned with the mounting plate 518, and a connector 536 is provided with openings 538 and 540 at its ends. The first opening 538 is rotatably fastened at an eccentric point on the circular drive disk 54- of the soldering device o ;, 2, so ά: ιΐί. when the perpendicular is rotated, a vibration movement of the connecting member 556 is caused v / xrd. The other end 54Ü is rotatably attached to the fastening plate 516 of the Viirati ons elements. When the rotor is moved this is moved towards and "away from it" in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the image surface.

. During the visual vibration-like movement of the vibrating elements that in development area 514 above curved plate 516

BADORiGINAt 009838/0362

developer substance located by the vibrating mesh 526, and "the vibrating plate 516 liquid pseudo-in the state comparable ^r sets, -and indeed the entire space of the developing region 5H between the curved plate 516, and the image area of the! drum 510. The common due to their mechanical connection through the mounting plate 518 joint movement of the grid 526 and the curved plate 516 'and the vibration generated thereby is used to their greatest rope for pseudo-liquefaction of the developer. Furthermore, the effect of a development electrode is achieved by a bias applied to the grid which results in good continuous surface tinting and easy control.

A funnel-shaped developer container 544 is used to achieve a development flow through the development area 5H provided on one side of the curved plate. The container is made up of front, back and side walls 546 and a top Opening 54Ö for filling in developer material is formed. The lower one Surface 550 of the container is on development area 514 too inclined to "move the developer material by gravity to enable. At the outlet opening 552 of the container, flexible, tubular connecting elements 554 are provided for connection of the container 544 is provided with a chute 556 which is fastened to the dogged plate 516. The flexible connecting elements 554 and the chute 556 extend over the entire length of the development area, so that the gravity-induced Developer flow is distributed over the entire entry part of the development area. Through this simple one

J «098 38/0382 _{BAD 0BtalNAL} '

\ direction is an additional developer through the development

^ calibrated to replace the developer that - no longer due to the consumption of ioner during image development ■ is available. "'-

A collecting container 558, which is arranged next to the developing area 5H on the side opposite the funnel-shaped container 544 and the inlet chute 556, serves to collect the developer material after the ^{x oner consumption behind the development area.} Since the developing agent in the developing area is pressed out of the developing area by the supply of fresh developing agent, there is a constant movement of developing agent by gravity into the collecting container.

The effect of developer flow in the direction of image movement together with the effect of the vibration elements across it Direction is that the developer during his Passage through the development area a compound Movement. As already described, on the one hand through the movement in the direction of the image, on the other hand, due to the movement across it, traces and stripes are formed on the image developed image avoided that previously used in many development processes occurred. ·

During operation there is initially a latent electrostatic Image generated on drum 510. The drum is then passed through a

_baD original ■ 009838/0362

Drive device not shown set in motion. Together with this, the vibration elements are put into operation by switching on the motor 532. There is a supply of 2-component developer in the funnel-shaped container, which is conveyed by gravity into the development area.Simultaneously, an electrical bias is applied to the grid 526, which acts like a development electrode and generates an electrical pulse near the image . The vibrations of the curved plate 516 and the grid cause the developer located above to transition to the pseudo-liquid state and its contact with the drum, whereby the BOD development is possible. Make one or more passes of the drum through the development area 5H, the movements of the drum and the vibrating elements are interrupted, since development is then terminated.

In the pig. 14 and 15 is one with the developing device of the present invention Equipped continuously and automatically working xerographic machine shown. The parts of this machine are known in the xerographic art with the exception of the developing device, which consists of two main parts, a vibration device 562 and a developer circulation device 564. The purpose of the developer vibratory device consists in the vibration movement on the two, Components to transfer existing developer material close to the latency electrostatic image. The task of the developer circulation device consists in applying the enlightener to the inlet opening to promote the vibrating device after he

009838/0362

~ ^H ~ BAD ORiOiNAL

ia had reached the room below

in the! ig. 14 and 15 shown vibrating elements are formed from those from FIGS. 2 and 13. The curved plate 616 is arranged concentrically with the vertical center line and opposite the vertical center line, 'around the rapid' bat-winder movement through the development area 5H to facilitate «The opposite ends of the curved plate 616 are attached to the mounting plate 618? which is arranged at each '© ines * -' face of the Sromrnel. The fastening Platt & n are provided at each end with Füixrungssti-ften 566 _f in the present lalle three, which serve for mounting in corresponding apertures 568 in guide plates 570th The interaction of the guide pins 566 and the openings 568 causes a mechanical pretensioning of the curved plate 6.16 and the other vibration elements, so that they can only perform a longitudinal V / exchange effect.

In the line already described, a grid 526 is concentric ". Provided between the drum 510 and the required plate bib, which contributes to the vibrational movement of the developer. That The grid is earthed or is at a bias voltage that is generated by means of a voltage source 530, what is an electrical one Field is built near the image. To the bias only to the grid 6Σ6, but not to the sheet 616, is to be applied the grid in the mounting plates 618 with insulating strips 628 made of polyurethane foam o.a. in the manner already described 'attached.

009838/0362

A plate 572 with a 3- ' shaped cross-section, which is also fastened at its ends between the fastening plates 618, is used to guide the Entiokleratoffes ax £ its return path into the bottom. In this way, the plate 572, together with the curved slat 616 and the grid 626, are set in vibration and keep the developer in its pseudo-liquid state. The developer then moves on the longer cord 574 of the plate "572 towards the circulation device 564 after it has changed its direction at the curved part 576 of this plate.

The developer circulation device 564 is similar to the conveyor used in most cascade development devices. In the lower part of the housing there is a trough 576 which contains a supply of developer material consisting of two components, which is conveyed into the development area 514. A conveyor device consisting of a number of conveyor buckets 58C and a flexible endless belt 582 is guided on two rollers 584 and 586. The roller 584 is connected to a drive device (not shown) which causes the conveyor cups to move in the direction of the arrows shown in FIG. The conveyor cups continuously transport the developer from the reservoir 578 to an elevated position so that it can fall through the developing area 514 by gravity. The whole device is located in a housing and is achfülleinrichtung on one side with a 590 ft provided through which the power consumed by the image developing toner may be added to the Bn tv.'i ekler s to ff.

009838/0362

_v ₆ _ BAD OR'GIMAL

The developer circulating device also includes upper and lower plates 592 and 594 that extend across the entire device 564. Their length is equal to the length of the drum ', 510. These plates act like a developer inlet chute 596, which is used to enter the developer material into the space between the curved plate 616 and the drum. 510 serves. This chute 596 is fixedly mounted opposite the circulation device and does not carry out the vibratory movements of the other elements of the machine.

The entire development facility is sealed in between of the circulation device 564 and the vibration device 562 to ensure that there are flexible connecting elements 598 provided that connect these two facilities with each other. As can be seen from Eds. 14 and 15, these consist of one. Number of flexible ribbons or sheets. A rubber blanket or similar can be used for this. A first flexible band is above the space between the two bodies and can be replaced by a Adhesive can be connected to an individual part, e.g. the rail .602, in order to ensure a non-porous connection. An additional rail 604 holds between the mounting plates the vibrating end of this ribbon. Similar bands can be provided on opposite sides of this joint and a fourth band bridges the lower part of the joint. Thereby, the developer circulating means 564 constitute the Vibrator 562, the part of the drum to be developed and the flexible connecting members 598 an enclosed development space.

^{ö # l} -37-009838 / 0382

The movement of the vibration device is carried out by a motor 632 similar to that of FIGS. 12 and 13 generated. The engine 632 is next to one of the mounting plates 618 for the vibration device arranged. A connector 636 similar to that already described with reference to Fig. 13 connects with its perforated End the mounting plate 618 to the rotating drive pulley 642 of the motor. The end of the link is rotatable and mounted somewhat eccentrically on the drive pulley of the motor, so that its rotation changes into an alternating movement the vibration elements is implemented.

To start up the in the Pig. H and 15 shown design, winding device, it is first necessary to identify the various to involve the facilities required for the xerographic process. This is done by a common switching device, as in the case of the well-known, continuously and automatically working xerographic machines is used. she switches all individual arrangements of the machine including the drum drive device, the developer foff conveyor device and the vibrating device in the development area so / ie the bias for the grid. .

While the picture surface runs through the development area, brings the conveyor always new developer material into the inlet chute one so that it enters the development area by gravity falls above the curved plate. When you touch the drawn plate and the electrode grid, the developer material is applied transmit a vibratory motion between the curved plate and the image surface.

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33as earth potential or the bias of the vibrating electrode grid creates an electrical pain on the surface of the picture. aside from that 'The developing agent becomes through the vibrations of the sitter in the brought pseudo-liquid state. Bas has grille, as already described such a height that the in vibration Staggered parts of the developing agent are located between the curved sheet and the picture surface without the lattice having a harmful effect can move freely »

While the pseudo-liquid cloud of desiccant on the curved plate and the picture surface flows past, the developer fabric touches the vibrating curved surface of the J-shape Plate. At this point the sighting of the whole is made Developer fluidized bed reversed. The developer gets there now in the rearward direction back into the storage container. It should be noted that the longer part of the J-shaped plate is inclined in the desired direction of flow around the Make it easier for the developer to return to the storage container, «While the developer is about. The end part of the J-shaped When the plate moves, it comes into contact with the reservoir of the Developer Circulation Facility ^ ;. As this is part of the overall facility is not in vibration, the pseudo-liquid state of the developer is eliminated and it gets back into the development material supply, so that it can be used for another cycle

■ β "- ■..

is available through the development department.

The invention is based on specific embodiments.: Sce examples for Development facilities described, however, is not on these

BADORiQiNAL _. _q _ OO 98 38/036 2

limited. All possible embodiments within the scope of the claims are by the basic idea of the invention with ' includes.

Claims

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00 9 8 38/0362

Claims (1)

Claims 1. Method for developing "latent electrostatic images" on a picture surface with an electrostatic developer, characterized in that a Amount of developer material by vibration in a pseudo-liquid State and for a time sufficient for development with the latent electrostatic to be developed Image is brought into command. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e η η ζ e i c h η e t that a lot of developer in a below at least one of the bowl (20) arranged on the image surface (10) containing the latent electrostatic image is entered, and that the bowl (20) is used to transfer the developing agent into the pseudo-liquid state in contact with the image area containing the electrostatic latent image (10) is set in vibratory movements, whereby repeated contact between the developer and the image area (10) would have been caused to develop, ■ 5 · Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that g e k e η η ' draws that the image area (10) on the in the pseudo-fluid The amount of developer in the state is moved past, causing parts of the latent electrostatic Image one after the other in the area of the pseudo-liquid discharge ? / ickler stoff get it,. 009838/0362 BATH -41- 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized ge indicates that the shell (^ O) to the vertical Vibratory movement in the direction of the image surface (10) dzw. from this is guided away in horizontal planes. 5 · 'Procedure according to claim 3, characterized in that net that the vibrations on the Ent v / i disgusting material in a sighting transversely to the direction of movement of the picture surface (lü) act, thereby avoiding the formation of traces and streaks in the developed image during development. 6. Development facility for carrying out the method according to one of the. Claims 1 to 5, characterized by a storage device (20) for a quantity of developer material, arranged near a rope of an image surface (10) provided with a la-fenten electrostatic image, and by a vibration device (^ b, p4, jb, 3d, 40, 42, 44 »46) for the vibratory movement of the developer material in such a way that it is brought into a pseudo-liquid state in contact with the image to be developed. 7 · developing device according Ansprucn 7, characterized in that the vibration means (26, 34, 36, 5 NC, 40, 42, 44j 4b) is provided with elements (38, 36, 26) ge characterizing nee t, '· the vibration motion directly transferred to the storage device (20). -42- Q098387Q362 bad original 8. Development device according to claim 6 or /, characterized characterized in that the storage device (20.) consists of a conductive material and, as a development electrode, the electrostatic latent image generated by affects electric fields. 9 · Development device according to claim 8, g e.k e η η draws by devices for applying a electric charge on the storage device (20), whereby the On the storage device (dO) existing development agent consisting of an electrostatically attractable powder Force effect in the direction of the picture surface (10) erfanrt. OK A developing device according to claim 6, characterized in that g. e κ e η η π e i c ii'-n et, da ^ the vibration device. (! fig ... Tv) also a Vi brat-one part (;> 2i.), that in the on the Storage facility («i 58) existing developer is covered. M. Development unit according to Ai-Spruch IC, thereby ge - ■ 'ic e η η ζ- eici: net, da.ii das Vicrutionst ^ il {; cc) iLit · openings that allow a 2ev / EGung of the developer material? = between the storage direction (-56) and aer'.das- latent electrostatics before rild ^ ragenaen image surface U ^ ·). 12. Development facility after. ^ oisprucn "\ 't, thereby ge - ken η ζ eich η et, duii the vibration part ^ uö one Wires arranged parallel to one another at a distance bed hurries. '... ". BAD ORIGINAL 009838/0362 1j>. Development device according to one of Claims 1U "to 12, characterized in that the vibration ·; · part {-yi2) consists of a conductive substance and, as a development electrode, influences the electric fields generated by the latent electrostatic image. 14. Development device according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the image surface (210) carrying the latent electrostatic image has the shape of a Has drum and is mounted on an axis (212) that the Storage facilities (* 1ö, .ü20) for the developer material at the Axis (212) is attached hanging, and that the vibration device (o8, "2üt>, ^ 1o, 220) Vibration movements around the axis (21 <O caused, v / o by the developer in its pseuao-funny state device. 1?. Developing device according to Claim b or H, characterized in that the developing electrode has a potential which is equal to the potential of the latent electrostatic image in the image surface parts _t . · 'c. Development device according to Ansj ^ ruch δ or 14, thereby characterized in that the development electrode is grounded. 17. Development device according to one of claims 6 to 16, through this. marked that the warehouse ^ direction (45o; for the developer a sawtooth-shaped 009838/0362 Cross-section possesses to the flow des.Entwickleratoffes over to lighten their surface (Pig. 11). · 18, developing device according to one of claims b to V / _f - thereby geke η η ζ ei without t that the bearing input. direction (ζ.B. 258) is arranged so that a flow of the developer is made possible by gravity. 19. Development device according to spoke 16, geke η η ζ eieh η et through an inlet chute (1Ub) for guiding fresh developer material to the storage device (108), 'through an outlet chute (110) for collecting the over the storage device (108 ) flowed EntwiGklerstoffes below the image area (70) in a collecting container (84) and by a transport means (9 _^? 94) for transporting the Entwicklerstpffe.s from the collection container (E4) to the inlet chute (106), wherein said entrance chute (106) the bearing means (10b) _x dig discharge chute (110), the receptacle (84) and the .iEransporteiMichtung ($ _2? 94) ^e i ⁿ Zirkulationss-ystem for the developer material form (i'ig. 5). " 20., ■ development device according to one of claims 6 to 19 * dadur-ch. geke η η ..ζ, ei oh η et, dald the Vibrationseinriphtung (132? 1 ^ 2, 108Jl ₁ / vibrations in the direction perpendicular , to the ■ picture area ('/ O) executes (ü'ig. b, I ¹ Ig. ö), - ■ 'd \ * development device according to one of claims t> to 19, characterized geke η η ζ ei without t, that the with the BATH ORIGINAL _ 00 9 33 3/0362 45- latent electrostatic jid provided image area (510) is parallel to the storage device (516) for the developer material movable, and that a vibration device (532, 54 ^, 53b) for vibratory movement of the developer material in a seal transversely to the direction of movement of the latent electrostatic aildes - It is provided so that the developer material also moves in the direction of its vibration movement over the image surface (510) while it is moved over the bearing device (51b) (Pig » " \ '<l 15). -46- BATH 009833/0362