DE1551435C3

DE1551435C3 - Vertical steam-heated heat exchanger

Info

Publication number: DE1551435C3
Application number: DE19671551435
Authority: DE
Inventors: Georg Dipl.-Ing.Dr. Zuerich Oplatka (Schweiz)
Original assignee: BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Current assignee: BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Priority date: 1967-05-09
Filing date: 1967-06-27
Publication date: 1974-07-18
Also published as: CH456666A; DE1551435A1; FR1570745A; DE1551435B2; DK129811C; ES353604A1; DK129811B; NL6806454A; DE6606422U

Description

3 43 4

Luftansammlungen im Rohrbündel des Kondensa- tung des Pfeiles 31 aus und wird dem Verbraucher tionsteils wird das gesamte verbleibende Dampf- zugeleitet. Eine Teilwassermenge fließt vom Raum Luft-Gemisch dem Abschirmrohr zugeführt, das ihn 11 der Wasserkammer 7 in die im Abschirmrohr 21 in seiner ganzen Länge durchströmt, wobei noch ein angeordneten Rohre 29 und zurück in den Raum 12 Teil des Dampfes auskondensiert, worauf das rest- 5 der Wasserkammer 7. Es ist vorteilhaft, die Rohre 29 liehe Gemisch an der kältesten Stelle abgesaugt wird. reichlich zu bemessen, damit das diese Rohre Die eingebaute Wärmetauschfläche wird voll ausge- durchströmende Wasser nicht merklich erwärmt nutzt, und es ist kein zusätzlicher Luftkühler mehr wird, um das Dampf-Luft-Gemisch im Abschirmrohr nötig. 21 bis möglichst nahe an die Wassereintrittstempera-Air accumulations in the tube bundle of the condensation of the arrow 31 and is the consumer tion part of the entire remaining steam is fed. Part of the water flows from the room Air mixture supplied to the shielding tube, which it 11 of the water chamber 7 in the shielding tube 21 flows through its entire length, with another arranged pipe 29 and back into the space 12 Part of the steam condenses out, whereupon the rest of the water chamber 7. It is advantageous to use the pipes 29 The mixture is sucked off at the coldest point. ample to measure so that these pipes The built-in heat exchange surface is not noticeably warmed up when the water is fully discharged uses, and there is no longer an additional air cooler to keep the steam-air mixture in the shielding tube necessary. 21 to as close as possible to the water inlet temperature

In Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte Ausgestal- io tür abkühlen zu können.In subclaims, advantageous embodiments are to be able to cool down the door.

tungen des Gegenstandes nach Anspruch 1 angege- Heizdampf strömt durch den Dampfeintrittstutzenlines of the object according to claim 1 indicated heating steam flows through the steam inlet nozzle

ben. 17 in das Innere des Gehäuses 1 und verteilt sich inben. 17 into the interior of the housing 1 and is distributed in

Die Erfindung wird anschließend an Hand der dem zwischen dem Gehäuse 1 und dem Rohrbünschematischen Zeichnung beispielsweise erläutert. Es del 3 vorgesehenen rohrfreien Dampfraum 33 gemäß zeigt 15 den Pfeilen 35 um das Rohrbündel 3. Um eine mög-The invention is then based on the schematic between the housing 1 and the pipe Drawing explained for example. It del 3 provided tube-free steam space 33 according to 15 shows the arrows 35 around the tube bundle 3. In order to

F i g. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Nieder- liehst gleichmäßige Dampfverteilung zu erzielen, ist druck-Vorwärmer, es zweckmäßig, den Dämpfraum 33 so auszubilden,F i g. 1 to achieve a longitudinal section through a Nieder- lent even steam distribution is pressure preheater, it is expedient to design the steaming chamber 33 so

F i g. 2 einen Schnitt längs der Linie II-II der daß der Strömungswiderstand um das Rohrbündel 3 Fig. 1. wesentlich kleiner ist als der Strömungswiderstand inF i g. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in that the flow resistance around the tube bundle 3 Fig. 1. is much smaller than the flow resistance in

Gemäß F i g. 1 weist der senkrecht angeordnete 20 Querrichtung durch das Rohrbündel. Niederdruck-Vorwärmer das Gehäuse 1 auf, in wel- Der im Dampfraum 33 verteilte Dampf strömtAccording to FIG. 1 shows the vertically arranged 20 transverse direction through the tube bundle. Low-pressure preheater on the housing 1, in which the steam distributed in the steam chamber 33 flows

chem das aus U-förmig gebogenen Rohren aufge- zentripetal gegen das Abschirmrohr 21. Da zum Abbaute Rohrbündel 3 untergebracht ist. Die Rohre saugrohr 23 hin ein Druckgefälle herrscht, steigt im dieses Rohrbündels sind an ihren Enden 9, von de- Ringkanal 19 die mit noch nicht kondensiertem nen nur wenige dargestellt sind, mit der Rohrboden- 25 Dampf vermischte Luft nach oben und wird durch platte 5 verbunden, die eine unterhalb des Rohrbün- das Abschirmrohr 21 gesaugt. Hierbei kühlen die dels 3 angeordnete Wasserkammer 7 abschließt. Rohre 29 das Dampf-Luft-Gemisch noch mehr ab, Diese ist durch die Trennwand 10 in die Räume 11 und ein Teil des darin enthaltenen Dampfes konden- und 12 geteilt und mit dem Wassereintrittsstutzen 13 siert, so daß an der Einmündung des Absaugrohres und dem Wasseraustrittstutzen 15 versehen. Das Ge- 3° 23 der Partialdruck der Luft stark angestiegen ist. häuse 1 weist an seinem unteren Ende nahe der Mittels der in das Absaugrohr eingebauten Blende 25 Rohrbodenplatte 5 den Dampfeintrittstutzen 17 auf. kann die abzusaugende Menge eingestellt werden. Ferner dient das Rohr 18 dem Ableiten angesammel- Das im Abschirmrohr 21 anfallende Kondensat wird ten Kondensates von der Rohrbodenplatte 5. durch das Rohr 27 entfernt.chem the U-shaped bent tubes centripetal against the shielding tube 21. Da to dismantle Tube bundle 3 is housed. The pipes suction pipe 23 there is a pressure gradient, increases in the this tube bundle are at their ends 9, of the annular channel 19 with the not yet condensed NEN only a few are shown, air mixed with the tube sheet 25 steam upwards and is carried through Plate 5 connected, the one below the Rohrbün- the shielding tube 21 is sucked. Here the cool dels 3 arranged water chamber 7 completes. Pipes 29 the steam-air mixture even more, This is condensed through the partition 10 into the rooms 11 and part of the steam contained therein. and 12 divided and siert with the water inlet nozzle 13, so that at the confluence of the suction pipe and the water outlet nozzle 15 is provided. The 3 ° 23 the partial pressure of the air has risen sharply. Housing 1 has at its lower end close to the means of the aperture 25 built into the suction tube Tube base plate 5 on the steam inlet nozzle 17. the amount to be extracted can be set. In addition, the pipe 18 serves to drain away the accumulated condensate in the shielding pipe 21 th condensate removed from the tube bottom plate 5 through the tube 27.

In dem vom Rohrbündel 3 umschlossenen Raum 35 Durch die Anordnung des Abschirmrohres 21 ist das Abschirmrohr 21 konzentrisch zum Rohrbün- wird eine mindestens annähernd zwangläufige Fühdel 3 bzw. zum Gehäuse 1 angeordnet. Es bildet mit rung des Dampfs im Wärmetauscher erzielt. Zwidem umgebenden Rohrbündel 3 den rohrfreien Ring- sehen dem Dampfraum 33 und dem Ringkanal 19 kanal 19 und ist an seinem oberen, in Längsrichtung besteht — wegen der kühleren Oberfläche des Abdes Gehäuses 1 auf der entgegengesetzten Seite des 4° schirmrohres 21 — ein beträchtliches Temperaturge-Dampfeintrittstutzens 17 befindlichen Ende offen. fälle, das ein entsprechendes Druckgefälle bewirkt. Das untere Ende des Rohres 21 ist mit der Rohrbo- Dadurch wird der Dampf gezwungen, vom Dampfdenplatte5 dampfdicht verbunden und durch diese raum 33 her, in welchem er annähernd gleichmäßig abgeschlossen. Durch die Wasserkammer 7 und die verteilt ist, überall das Rohrbündel 3 in Richtung auf Rohrbodenplatte 5 ist das in das untere Ende des 45 das Abschirmrohr 21 hin zu durchströmen. Diese Abschirmrohres 21 mündende Rohr 23 geführt, das erzwungene, systematische Dampf strömung hat einen über die einstellbare Blende 25 an eine (nicht darge- günstigen Wärmetausch zur Folge und verhindert die stellte) Absaugeinrichtung angeschlossen ist. Ein wei- Bildung von Luftansammlungen im Rohrbündel 3. teres Rohr 27 ist ebenfalls durch die Wasserkam- Auch auf dem anschließenden Weg des DampfesIn the space 35 enclosed by the tube bundle 3 by the arrangement of the shielding tube 21 if the shielding tube 21 is concentric to the tube bundle, an at least approximately inevitable Fühdel becomes 3 or arranged to the housing 1. It forms achieved with the generation of steam in the heat exchanger. Between The tube bundle 3 surrounding the tube-free ring see the steam space 33 and the ring channel 19 channel 19 and is at its upper, in the longitudinal direction - because of the cooler surface of the Abdes Housing 1 on the opposite side of the 4 ° shield tube 21 - a considerable temperature steam inlet nozzle 17 located end open. cases, which causes a corresponding pressure drop. The lower end of the tube 21 is connected to the tube bottom. This forces the steam to escape from the steam plate5 connected in a vapor-tight manner and through this space 33, in which it is approximately uniform closed. Through the water chamber 7 and which is distributed, the tube bundle 3 in the direction of everywhere The tube bottom plate 5 is that into the lower end of the 45, the shielding tube 21 to flow through. This Shielding tube 21 opening tube 23 out, the forced, systematic steam flow has a Via the adjustable diaphragm 25 to a heat exchange (not shown) and prevents the the suction device is connected. A white accumulation of air in the tube bundle 3. pipe 27 is also through the water also on the subsequent path of the steam

mer 7 und die Rohrbodenplatte 5 geführt und mün- 5° bzw. des Dampf-Luft-Gemisches können keine blokdet an der im Abschirmrohr 21 liegenden Fläche der kierenden Luftansammlungen auftreten. Der zum Rohrbodenplatte 5. Ringkanal 19 gelangte Dampf wird längs dem Ab-mer 7 and the tube bottom plate 5 out and mün- 5 ° or the steam-air mixture can not be blocked occur on the surface of the kenden air accumulations lying in the shielding tube 21. The for Tube bottom plate 5th ring channel 19 steam that has entered is

Mehrere weitere, U-förmig gebogene Rohre 29 schirmrohr 21 ungehindert zu dessen offenem Ende sind vollständig im Innern des Abschirmrohres 21 geführt, da dieser Ringkanal nur einen geringen Ströuntergebracht. Die Enden der Rohre 29 sind mit der 55 mungswiderstand aufweist. Die im Dampf enthaltene Rohrbodenplatte 5 verbunden und durch diese hin- Luft kann also nicht in das Rohrbündel 3 zurückgedurch in die beiden Räume 11 bzw. 12 der Wasser- drängt werden und dort den Wärmeaustausch beeinkammer 7 geführt. trächtigen.Several more, U-shaped bent tubes 29 umbrella tube 21 unimpeded to its open end are completely guided inside the shielding tube 21, since this ring channel accommodates only a small flow. The ends of the tubes 29 are with the 55 mung resistance. The one contained in the steam Tube bottom plate 5 connected and through this air can therefore not back into the tube bundle 3 are forced into the two spaces 11 and 12 of the water and there the heat exchange is affected 7 led. pregnant.

Die Arbeitsweise des beschriebenen und darge- Die Erfindung läßt sich gleicherweise bei einemThe method of operation of the described and illustrated. The invention can be applied equally to a

stellten Vorwärmers ist die folgende: 6° mit geraden statt U-förmigen Rohren versehenenThe preheater is the following: 6 ° with straight instead of U-shaped tubes

Das aufzuwärmende Wasser tritt gemäß dem Pfeil Wärmetauscher anwenden. Ferner können auch 14 durch den Stutzen 13 in den Raum 11 der Was- mehrere Abschirmrohre in der beschriebenen Weise serkammer7 ein und verteilt sich auf die Rohre des in einem oder mehreren Rohrbündeln eines Wärme-Rohrbündels 3. Nach dem Durchströmen des Rohr- tauschers angeordnet sein, wobei die Abschirmrohre bündeis gelangt das Wasser in den Raum 12 der 65 auch außerhalb der Längsachse des Wärmetauschers Wasserkammer 7, tritt durch den Stutzen 15 in Rieh- angebracht sein können.The water to be heated occurs according to the arrow Apply heat exchanger. Furthermore can also 14 through the nozzle 13 into the space 11 of the water several shielding tubes in the manner described serkammer7 and is distributed among the tubes in one or more tube bundles of a heat tube bundle 3. Be arranged after the flow through the tube exchanger, with the shielding tubes The water also reaches the space 12 of 65 outside the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger Water chamber 7, occurs through the nozzle 15 in Rieh- can be attached.

Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings

Claims

1 2 claims: does the heat transfer depend essentially on the effectiveness of the intended venting of the steam room

1. Standing steam-heated heat exchanger mes ab. The steam leads, especially when its housing, which is a pressure of water below that of the atmosphere, flowed through inert tube bundle, which is connected to a tube plate with gases, hereinafter referred to simply as air, contains, with at least The presence of air has a twofold, at least one, unfavorable effect on the heat transfer over the greater part of the height: on the other hand, the tube bundles create air collecting shielding tubes in the tube bundles, the lungs of which result in a local deterioration of the heat cause the tube bottom plate to be vapor-tight, on the other hand it is attached and the other end is open, the partial pressure of the vapor is lower, which reduces the effective temperature difference and the temperature difference through which water flows in its interior. In order to have a steam tube, and to operate economically with steam entering the heated heat exchanger to the housing and with means for removing, it is therefore necessary to ensure that the air contained in the steam is reliably removed, thereby allowing the air to be removed,
It is a steam-heated preheater designed as a tubular heat from the tube base plate (5) of the heat exchanger is known (German within the limit of the shielding tube (21) - Auslegeschrift 1009 195), in which area to be formed a condensate discharge opening with a condensate cooler on the overhead pipe leg (27) as well as a suction pipe (23) which is attached to a suction insert 20 in a vapor-tight manner and which protrudes through the pipe base and its lower, open end into the sameplate (5) ) the arranged condensate reaches into it. The condensate is net, and that the shielding tube (21) is discharged with a tube-free tube reaching close to the tube sheet through a tube bundle (3) protruding into the shielding tube and surrounding it. Forms an annular channel (19) which is provided with a cooling space above the 25 A vent of the free end of the shielding tube (21) located inside the shielding tube, which above all is directly connected to the collecting space. is necessary for starting up the preheater.

2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized by an air suction in the outside of the marked, that the shielding tube (21) lying in the condenser space is nothing is arranged centrally to the tube bundle (3). 30 said; it is inevitable that air will build up

3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, there and part of the tube bundle for the heat through characterized in that the tubes (29) is ineffective in exchange.

The shielding tube (21) and / or the tubes of the further is a steam-heated feedwater preheating tube bundle (3) U-shaped and more known (Swiss patent 393 366), through the tube bottom plate (5) into a 35 divided between its jacket and that of water Water chamber (7) is enough. finned tube bundle a free space is available.

4. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 This allows the steam entering from the side to 3, characterized in that the vertical shield tube is unimpeded over the length of the preheater (21) has a circular cross-section to then point towards the center of the tube bundle and the pipes (29) to flow completely in its 40 dels, where one with side openings internalize are housed. See the vent pipe is arranged. Since the

5. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1, air not uniformly over the length of the Vorwärbis4, characterized by a pipe-free mers accumulates, becomes too much in some places Sucked off steam space (33) between the housing (1) and steam, so that expediently still the tube bundle (3). 45 a separate air cooler must be connected downstream,

6. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 and too much air collects in other places, to 5, characterized in that the suction cannot be suctioned and thus one tube (32) a quantity control (25) arranged makes part of the heat exchange surface ineffective.

is. The invention is based on the object by

50 an almost compulsory steam flow the un-

desired accumulations of air in the tube bundle

avoid collecting the steam-air mixture in a space provided for this purpose and from there dissipating it The present invention relates to a standing venal removal.

steam-heated heat exchanger with a housing, 55 According to the invention, this object is thereby welches a tube bundle through which water flows, releases that in the tube bottom plate arranged below which is connected to a tube sheet, or the heat exchanger within the with at least one area delimited over the largest umbrella tube, a condensate drain section the height of the heat exchanger housing extending flow opening with a tube as well as an end to one Shielding tube within the tube bundle, 60 suction device connected via the tube sheet at one end of the tube base plate there is a suction tube protruding from the steam plate, is tightly attached and the other end is open and that the shielding tube with the surrounding and the tube bundle through which water flows in its interior forms a tube-free annular channel which Has tubes, and with a steam inlet in the Ge with one over the free end of the shielding tube housing and with means for removing the collecting space arranged in 65 directly connected Air containing steam. is.

In the steam-heated heat exchangers mentioned by the forced guidance of the steam in the

Type, for example in low-pressure preheaters, heat exchangers avoiding blocking