DE1542405A1 - Method and device for drawing off melts and for producing granules, strands or fibers - Google Patents

Description

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I> o4 <rdil, uen - «A. ^ ι -st I'j-ob Duberjerweg 2 ^C J.

Additional application for patent Iir · 1 20? ";> I> G

Proceed n mid device ζ ma pulling yop ^. ^ MM ^^ MLj ^ A to a first ^ llun ^ of granules _t ä

The German patent specification 1 207 350 describes the removal of melts and the production of granules or fibers, with soft support of liquid or gaseous substances, the jet of which is directed from a nozzle onto the flow of the melt is, this is removed and divided while cooling. It is characterized by the fact that the liquid or gaseous substances used as cooling and granulating agents are introduced directly at the narrowest point of the tap opening of the melting furnace at such a high speed that the outflow of the melt from the melting furnace is caused or accelerated by its suction force » where the speed and / or U & r ^ e of the liquid or gaseous substances can be ^regulated. For drawing off melts and producing fibers, da & known methods provide that the suction means directly at the worst point of the tap opening of the Echmela furnace, parallel to the flow direction of the melt at high speed einge- i leads is "

The process according to this main patent is suitable for drawing off melts, both inorganic and organic Art. When used, these melts in the general granules of roughly spherical shape · This is very desirable in many cases · With plastics, especially those with a narrow melting range, such as polyamides, polyesters etc. are ζ · 2 * in Pret »for their further processing Screws or extruders spherical granules are undesirable because they are easy to move in the Schneckengünijeri and are more difficult to convey than cube-shaped or cylindrical ones Granules

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Llan therefore draws off the melts produced in polymerization or polycondensation devices in the form of strips and divides them After it has cooled down, it becomes roughly cube-shaped pieces along and across the direction of the strip or breaks the solidified melt into Hammer rubbers or the like into sharp-edged fragments of random shape. The disadvantage of this procedure is mainly due to the irregular or random shape conditional variable bulk weight and the high dust content dea Granules, which are known to behave very unfavorably during further processing,

W In order to avoid these Kachteile, involves pressing the melt through nozzles of some mn diameter and leaves the Sohmelsstränge in a water bath running and there solidify, from which they are passed to a cutting device in which they are divided into gleiohlange pieces · Kierbei a very uniform granules are obtained, the diameter of which is only slightly smaller than that of the nozzles.The disadvantage of this process is its low performance, which is particularly unfavorable when the melt from the several solar-containing polymerisation vessels available today, the melt within a short period of time, about 20 30 minutes, has to be emptied in order to largely reduce the time-dependent depolymerization of the melt that occurs impede*

The cylindrical granulate form has proven to be particularly suitable for plastics. Usually the length of the cylinder should be the same as its diameter and each grain should be of the same size. Depending on the intended use, such granulates are required in different sizes, generally between 1 and 3 mm in diameter »

In the manufacture of fibers according to the main parent, that becomes Melting material is withdrawn from the melting device by the suction force of the coolant and divided up immediately upon its exit and the molten liquid droplets formed in this way through

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the accelerating effect of the sharp coolant jet drawn out into fibers. These pasers are naturally different long and have a thickness that is not entirely uniform For insulating purposes, for reinforcing plastics and the like these fibers are excellent. These are less suitable for fine fabrics, stockings, etc. uniform thickness required.

The object of the present invention is the further development of the procedure according to the main patent with the aim of * proportionately large quantities of molten substances pulling off the melting device and producing endless strands or fibers of the same thickness. From the solidified Beaches can be obtained by dividing granules that meet the requirements already mentioned.

It has now been found that such strands or fibers can be obtained from viscous melts when the Melt strand emerging from the melting device initially is cooled without the action of lateral forces until it solidifies externally, then the action of a tensile force in Abzug3richtung is exposed, whereby the strand from its Exit from the melting device is stretched according to this tensile force. The melt must then still up to his complete solidification cooled, separated from the coolant ^ and I finally lead to its processing or use ,earth.

The invention relates in particular to a process that uses liquid or gaseous substances for the production of granules, strands or fibers in order to produce granules, strands or fibers that cool and withdraw the melt. which is effective at a high speed in the withdrawal direction of the melt · the erfindungsjemäße embodiment of this method is the fact r: x see that the melt from the melting apparatus into a first irn substantially parallel to the discharge direction

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the melt-led stream of a coolant is passed, that by the action of a suction means daa at the same time can serve as an additional coolant, is maintained, whereby it externally solidifies and solidifies, then ge » is discharged together with the coolants and sauces until the in this way progressive solidification is complete or is sufficient for further processing or use, to which it is then sent »

The older method is therefore essentially expanded by because the melted material is first pre-solidified by a coolant that is essentially parallel to the direction of flow of the Schinelzggut must be carried · 'to it in his Direction of movement not to be disturbed · The absorbent is only used in the gut effective, which maintains the flow of coolant and discharges it more quickly, as well as by its dragging effect the melt material is drawn off, stretched and discharged without dividing it · This means that the melt rod after sufficient Cooling on the common path with the cooling and suction means are fed to further processing after their separation must in order to produce a granulate. This is done in a known manner by dividing · Fibers are also generally still subjected to further treatment, ixwtlem them depending on the nature of the Cold or / and warm hot melt product can be further stretched "

The strength of the Schmelastranges and the desired degree of it According to the main patent, cooling is achieved by regulating the speed and / or the amount of substances used as coolants and absorbents is reached «

According to the invention, the speed of the coolant flow is β From the start of the smelting to its external solidification, it gradually increases until it reaches a height where the ge corresponds to the required stretching of the Schmelestrangee. As a result this stretching decreases the speed of the device exiting strand up to its external solidification, namely up to a multiple of its expansion

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pedaling speed. This bracing process must the speed of the cooling medium flow correspond to not to impair the withdrawal of the strand during its increasing viscosity

In special cases it can also be advantageous to use the animal Melting device with exiting strand according to the invention a coolant to be sprayed before it enters the coolant form, which is guided essentially parallel to its outflow direction arrives or while it drains with him "

The method according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that the melt can be drawn off from relatively large openings in the melting device and stretched to a very large extent, whereby the performance is extraordinarily high "are inserted the flow of the refrigerant This is Lernex er * sufficient that each solidified strand or each fiber having the same thickness as the drag effect of the combined cooling and Saugmittelstrahlee on each strand oiler each Feser is the same size and, consequently, * the Drawing, Another advantage of this procedure is, according to the invention, that the strands or fibers can be twisted into a rope or thread Cross-section tangential to a liquid c »aey gaseous agent is introduced at a speed corresponding to the desired twist of the strands or fibers *

According to the invention, the Schnelzgut is after its solidification separated from this in the coolant and suction medium flow and a conveying device which it mechanically, pneumatically or hydraulically forwards for processing

In the production of granules or pieces of rope he will « according to the speed or amount of cooling and

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Suction medium flow measured continuously and by electrical transmission controlled the operating speed of a cutting device that regulates the solidified Schraelzprodukt cuts into equal lengths. The further stretching of strands or fibers can also be controlled in the same way.

Liquid or gaseous substances such as water, air, steam and inert gases are used as coolants and suction media collected in a manner known per se, cooled and optionally filtered and reused as such.

The tensile force required to stretch the melted material can also be effected mechanically, using a known pull-off device on the already solidified Melting material exerts · The coolant flow is then maintained by the action of gravity. This method Can only be used for the production of fibers or very thin strands whose solidification takes place over a short cooling section. Be thicker and therefore stiffer melt strands a longer cooling zone is required, in which they are set in elastic vibrations, which continue to the vicinity of the discharge opening of the melting device, where the melting material is nooh viscous. Ks then become unequally strong ui * d obtained wrinkled strands. Tearing can also occur with increasing strength of the strand «

The device for carrying out the method according to the invention consists essentially of a nozzle for the supply of the coolant, which is arranged below the Schraels outlet of the melting device and the flowing melt strand surrounds coaxially and are provided in the guide walls to the flow of coolant parallel to the take-off direction of the melt feed, and preferably an annular nozzle for introducing the Sautfnittels, which surrounds the coolant nozzle at its end, and their direction of action in and parallel or close to parallel runs to the direction of flow of the melt and through baffles

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is secured, and a cooling channel through which the smear, Coolant and suction agent * are discharged together

The arrangement of the guide walls both in the nozzle for the coolant and in the gap of the annular nozzle is significant Importance, because especially with the esteren by the suction effect the latter the coolant is drawn in like a vertebral sink if the guide walls are missing · The swirl of the coolant would then also twist the smelting material

According to the invention, the nozzle for the coolant is in the outflow direction conically shaped in a long extension, causing it to move along the melting material at a gradually increasing speed flows · The length of the nozzle depends on the strength of the material to be melted and its thermal conductivity ·.

According to the invention, an additional controllable pre-cooling of the material to be melted is also provided by the fact that the Nozzle for the coolant vertical or at an acute angle sur The direction of flow of the melt material is uniform over the circumference distributed, running radially Nozzles or ring slots are provided for the introduction of a coolant or that spray «* nozzles for a coolant are arranged above the coolant nozzle

The pre-cooling or pre-solidification of the molten material a can also done in awei or more stages · The extraction rate is increased many times over when the melting device with correspondingly many outlet openings for the melt is provided · These outlet openings can be a circle or a curve of any shape, evenly distributed in a row or in groups. just as many coolant nozzles under several melt vent openings provided, which open into another coolant nozzle, through which the entire melt strands and the entire coolant According to the invention, one for all melt strands can also be withdrawn from several sci ^ ielzabzugöffnuncen

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Be arranged Küblmitteldüse. The choice of embodiment depends essentially on the strength of the melt strands and the thermal conductivity of the material to be melted. Essential ■ is here, the mutual contact of the melt strands to prevent until they have solidified externally by cooling and there is no longer any risk of them sticking together.

The cooling effect of liquid media, which is much more intensive than that of gaseous coolants, is particularly useful for thin media

ψ Melt strands and those that should be stretched to a large extent are often not beneficial. In such cases, gaseous coolants are used that cool more gently over longer distances, whereby the viscosity of the strands does not increase abruptly.After stretching, on the other hand, rapid cooling is advantageous in order to shorten the further cooling distance has a double task: firstly, the supply of a gaseous coolant, the flow of which surrounds the melt strand coaxially, and secondly, the supply of a liquid coolant that runs along the nozzle wall in a more or less thick layer. The extensive stretching and pre-solidification of the strand accordingly takes place in the gas stream, which then combines with the liquid coolant, so that the thoroughgoing

"Solidification of the molten material in a short distance with cooperation of the liquid coolant takes place and can still be supported by a liquid absorbent · The conduct of a liquid The coolant layer along the nozzle wall also has the advantage that at the beginning of the withdrawal of the melt strand emerging from the melting device and initially dangling not to the dry nozzle wall and can get stuck there, but caught by the liquid coolant and sucked into the suction of the nozzle is introduced · It has been shown that the melting material does not adhere to a liquid-sprinkled wall.

The suction nozzle is advantageously placed directly after the coolant nozzle arranged, since the stretching of the melt material takes place under the most favorable conditions

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Sauces entering the center of the shawlzjut in the Kuhlmitxeldüse and in the cooling channel and Gew & hrlfcisxen a calm and smooth departure: su &. ·

For procedural reasons, it has proven to be necessary proves to provide a long pre-cooling section, for example the skin is raised by cooling agents at a higher temperature To solidify for a longer period of time, the Sausmitteldüse can of course arranged further downstream or at the end of the cooling channel Then, for example, a section of the cooling duct connects to the coolant nozzle before the suction are introduced, which are used for increased final cooling of the 3 melting " good can have a low temperature «

The embodiment of the suction medium nozzle is not restricted to an annular nozzle This is preferred for the reasons already mentioned, but it can be a.i for structural reasons it would be useful to use a different nozzle shape.

The mentioned embodiments of the device for peeling off of melts are by no means exhaustive, but only exemplary They allow manifold. · Variations, the choice of which depends on the Properties of the Schmelxgutea and the coolant depends

The device for performing the method according to the invention further includes the separation of the cooled and solidified Schmelsgoods from those carried away with him Cooling and suction means, according to the invention, this one takes care of Device at the end of the exhaust duct for cooling the Schmelsgood and its discharge together with the cooling and suction means evenly distributed over its circumference or continuously one or more perpendicular to or diagonally against the direction of flight or a plurality of in or

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slits running obliquely to the direction of flow are provided, through which only the coolant and suction medium can flow away.

Depending on the coolant and suction means, the melting material is fed directly to its further processing or transferred to a conveying device that directs it for further processing or use.Any suitable device of known design can be used for further conveying of the Sohmelsgut a device has been shown «which consists of an inlet. There is a nozzle for the smelting material and a ring nozzle that surrounds it at its end for the introduction of a preferably gaseous conveying means, to which the line for the smelting material for world processing is connected. The advantage of this device is based on the automatic adaptation of the for. change in the performance of the extraction device and the extensive removal of the smelting material while it is being conveyed from any liquid coolants and / or suction agents that are still adhering to it «

The starting form for the processing of, in particular, injectable plastics is predominantly the granulate The speed at which the strand is fed to the cutting device is extraordinarily high in the melting device. It is about 6-12 m per second, since a large number of strands, for example 40 _{y, are} drawn off at the same time and fed to the cutting device in an even distribution must, special structural liability is required «Either each strand is withdrawn individually and guided in a channel to the cutting device, whereby the outlets of the individual channels are evenly distributed over the cutting device, or those in the withdrawal device Melting strands combined to form a bundle are fed together up to the cutting device, where they are passed over

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whose scope must be distributed · According to the invention this is done through a ring-shaped inlet nozzle for drawing in several melt strands from their take-off and cooling device, consisting of a nozzle jacket and a ge ^ en the feed direction Spita running central core that rotates around its axis and optionally also axially displaceably mounted and with a »· ΰ. electromagnetically working vibration exciter known Sauart is connected and can be set into rapid rotary and axial vibrations by this, ie through an annular nozzle for the introduction of a preferably gaseous conveying medium », 2. compressed air, to which an annular channel connects, the is limited by the duct housing and the core piece and by ™ ruhrungsträger divided into channels for the individual Schnielsatränge that is in taps in a breather housing Announce that a cutting device of known type of sow is attached to it adjoins whose knife head the sefamel strands fed to it divided into pieces of equal length · The vibration exciter is only operated when the pull-off device is started up in order to remove the high speed approachingSend strands of melt over the To distribute the circumference of the ring channel and into the individual channels to introduce «It can then be switched off, since the conveying means alone is responsible for the ongoing transport of the melt chain to the Cutting device concerned «In an analogous way, the 2iin.de 1 the melt strands are distributed in a fan shape into channels and fed to a knife roller,

Xn the drawing Fig. 1 * 15 are some embodiments of the Device for carrying out the method according to the present invention 3 shown schematically and "was shows!"

Fig. 1 shows a take-off device with a short pre-cooling section of the Melt material in longitudinal section,

σ Fig. 2 an extraction device with additional pre-cooling

to through spray nozzles in the wall of the coolant nozzle JJl ^ Longitudinal section,

* Fig. 3 shows a take-off device with a long pre-cooling zone in lengthwise - k cut,

Fig. 4 shows a take-off device for several Schmelastrangs <*>

two-stage pre-cooling and joint transport of the Strands in longitudinal section,, BAOOR ^

Flg. 5 a pull-off device for several strands in Longitudinal section and

6 in cross section, the right half along section line A-B, the left half according to section line C-D of Figure 5, in which the melt strands each separately from one another separate channels are discharged ^

Fig. 7 "a withdrawal device for several melt strands with common nozzle for the coolant and common ring nozzle for the cleaner in longitudinal section,

Fig. 8 shows an extraction device into which a gaseous coolant and a liquid coolant are introduced along the nozzle wall, with a cooling channel and a device for separation the cooling * and suction means and supply of the melt strandβ sum knife head of a cutting device in longitudinal cut,

9 shows a cooling channel, coolant and suction means separation and supply

guiding the melt rod to a knife head in the longitudinal direction * cut and set up to maintain a coolant circuit,

J ¹ Ig. 10 a device for separating the cooling and suction means from Sohmelsstrang by means of a funnel-shaped inserts provided with slides in the cooling channel in a longitudinal section,

11 shows the end of a cooling channel of the extraction device from which the coolant and suction medium are discharged through sections that run vertically to the direction of flow, and the conveyors device and line for the Schmelsstrang sur Sohneid device in longitudinal section »

12 shows a cooling channel of the extraction device with a device for generating a swirl flow through which the Strand or bundle of fibers to form a rope or thread ο is sore in longitudinal section and

Fig. 13 in cross section along the section line A-B of Fig. 12,

ο »Fig. 14 a device for conveying and oil uniform ^ division of the strand bundle on a cutting device in the

· * Longitudinal section and

Fig.15 shows the entire arrangement of a Schuelze deduction «» conveyor and Granulating device. ,,

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The take-off device (fig. 1) is arranged directly below the melting device 1 with the take-off opening 2 for the melt 3 and consists of a nozzle 4 for supplying the coolant in the direction of arrow b, into which the melting device a) enters , and a ring nozzle 5 for the suction medium, to which the channel 6 is connected for the common discharge of melt, coolant and suction medium (arrow direction d). Both the coolant nozzle 4 and the suction medium nozzle 5 are located _{Guide walls 7 and S 9} running radially to its axis, which ensure a twist-free supply of these agents, because a heat-insulating material wall 9 of the coolant nozzle prevents the heat from escaping from the smelting device The interior of this housing is divided by the wall 12 in which throttle openings 13 are evenly distributed which prevents a one-sided exposure of the suction nozzle *

The pre-cooling of the material to be melted can also take place using the spray nozzle "14" (fig "2), which are provided in the wall 15 of the cooling nozzle 16 and through the" usetxiichea cooling " Means is introduced · Your · direction of action is radial on the Sohmelsgut and stubbornly under acute * angles From sugarlohtung · Da « Bush housing 11 has an annular space 17, the duroh Stutien the additional coolant (Pftilriohtung e) is carried out and from which the spray nozzles are supplied *

In FIG. 3, the coolant nozzle 21 has an elongated one conical shape, so that a longer pre-cooling xone arises and the coolant in it with allxathlioh increasing speed is sucked off · Si · kit of a tub 22 in connection, the continuously supplied through a nozzle 23 coolant and in the • is maintained at a constant coolant level «So that the coolant is not swirled in like a vertebral sink When the nozzle enters, guide walls 24 are provided that run radially across the nozzle.

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The device for pulling off several solimelt strands (Fi {j. ♦). has provided a coolant nozzle 34 for each strand 33 emerging from the openings 32 of the melting device 31 · These open together into a further cooling nozzle 35 »into which the strands and coolant are sucked in by the suction effect of the ring nozzle and discharged through the cooling channel 6 together with the alcohol The nozzles 34 are supplied with liquid coolants from the tub 36 "whose level in the tub is kept constant by a corresponding supply (direction of arrow b) through the connection 37" 34 obtained · If the melt is discolored or its quality is reduced by the attack of the air toffee »the tree between the melting device and the cooling liquid can be filled with an inert gas» l * JB · nitrogen », which is fed through nozzle 39 (arrow« in the direction of k) is introduced (J ¹ IgUT 4).

In the device for drawing off several melts 33 according to Tig 5 and 6, an annular coolant nozzle 41 is provided, which is divided into individual nozzle sections by walls 42, between which the individual strands are discharged. It consists of two annular nozzles 43 and 44 "an inner and a lass one, which are supplied by the channels 45 and with suction means (direction of arrows o, and c") each strand for itself for world processing »z» Ä. a cutting device, can be guided and distributed over the circumference 01 Coolants are fed to the nozzle 41 through channel 49 (arrow direction b ^) and through * connection 50 (arrow direction b ₂ ) via dl trough 31 The coolant levels in 49 and 51 are kept constant and at the same level

The pre-cooling of several melt strands can also be carried out in a coolant nozzle 61 (Jig · 7) · The one from the

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Melting device 31 emerging through openings 32 melting rings 33 (arrow direction a ^. ··· a ^) are in the nozzle 61 removed · The coolant only indicated in the drawing Vessel 62, the level of which is kept constant, flows into the Nozzle 61 and is guided by walls 63 running radially along the nozzle axis essentially parallel to the withdrawal direction of the melt strands Ring nozzle 5 exiting suction means are strands and coolant withdrawn and discharged through channel 6

The extraction device shown in FIG. 8 consists of a coolant nozzle 71 into which a gaseous coolant (arrow, direction b) is introduced and sucked off with the melt strand 33. Kin liquid coolant (arrow direction b _f ) that is sugefeited to nozzle 71 from tub 73, flows in a thin layer over wall 72 of the nozzle and combines with gaseous coolant tr oa approximately at the level of nozzle mouthea, from where they join together with the Sohmels strand accelerated by the suction agent jet from the ring nozzle 5 through the channel 6 with further cooling of the melt strand. At the end of the channel 6 there is the device for separating the coolant and suction medium from the cooled melt strand. It consists of a housing 74 with ring-shaped sleeves 75 which run at an acute angle in the direction of departure. The cooling and suction means are carried away through these logs, while the strand maintains its direction of movement and enters the opening of the cutting device, the cutting head of which rotates around the corrugation 77 causes its division. A larger number of the withdrawal device described is advantageous la circle of any radius R arranged, the center point of which lies in the extended axis of the cutter head

The coolants and suction agents are reused after they have been separated

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Collecting and separating vessel 81, in which the coolant and suction medium Enter into channel 6 through slot 82 and in which the gaseous clay and the liquid agents are separated. the Liquid means run through channel 83 to a pump 84, which eie promotes via line 85 to a cooler 86 in which they the give off heat absorbed by the melt to the coolant From the cooler they become a level vessel via line 87

supplied from which the one not shown in the drawing Extraction device is supplied · The separated gaseous agents are discharged from the vessel 81 through nozzles 90 and reused after it has been compressed or, if it is air, discharged into the open · The melt strand 33 enters the opening 76 of a cutting device and is divided by the cutter head 78 driven by the motor 91 Granules fall into the container 92 <, In it there is also the small one Amount of liquid is collected, which flows off with the strand through the narrow opening 93. The pump 95 sucks this through line 94 Liquid from and promotes it via line 96, filter 97 and Line 98 in the level vessel · The filter 97 cleans the liquid of the fine abrasion particles that may arise when the strand is broken up.

The separation of the cooling and suction means from the melt strand 3 (FIG. 10) at the end of the channel 6 can also be done with a slot 101 provided funnel 102 to which the pipe 103 for the derivation of the strand. The slots are narrower ale the strength of the strand, leaving only the coolant and suction means Step hard and drain through channel 104. Liquid «medium, which are carried away with the strand through pipe 103 can flow back to channel 104 through slides 105 in pipe 103. The out The strand emerging from the tube can, for example, be rolled through duroh eur further processing

Fig. 8 and 9 show take-off and granulating devices, in which the melt strands in vertical channels directly

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be fed to the cutting device. For spatial reasons it is not possible to use the long cooling path required to be accommodated in this vertical arrangement * Sin It is then unavoidable to switch to an inclined or horizontal position of the cooling duct »

In Fig. 11, a cooling channel 6 is shown, which after the in the drawing not shown trigger device in one The bow is continued horizontally in the required length.At its end is the device for Ab * Separation of the coolant and suction medium, consisting of the housing with slots 75 (v ^ l «also Pig. 8) · For forwarding the Strands, an inlet nozzle 111 is used through which the The strand and air are drawn in from the downstream annular nozzle 112 by means of an air jet and passed on through line 113 «In the drawing, the line ends in a cutting device, the cutter head 78 of which cuts the strand · The housing 114 of the ring nozzle is compressed air (direction of arrow e) fed through nozzle 115 *

The strands or fibers 33 discharged in the channel 6 (Figs. 12 and 13) by a withdrawal device are twisted into a rope or jade 121 by a twisted flow which is obtained by tangential introduction of a gaseous o & tr liquid agent * The device for this consists of a housing 122, into which the aforementioned smock through the Stutxen. 123 (arrow * direction f) and then distributed over several slot nozzles that open tangentially into the channel »124 the canal ohms forced, which twists the strands or fibers as a result of its dragging effect

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The device for conveying and distributing the bundles of melt strands discharged from a discharge valve according to Fig. 4 or 7 to a cutting device (Fig. 14) consists of an annular inlet nozzle 131 which is connected to the outside of the nozzle jacket 152 and is delimited on the inside by a core piece 133. This slidable rotatable about the nozzle axis, and in Rich · tuns of the nozzle axis core piece runs _; s _w en the feed direction of the strands 33 pointed to and can be displaced vibrations by an electro-magnetically working oscillation exciter 134 in rapid rotation and axial · The mouthpiece of the inlet nozzle is enclosed by an annular nozzle 133 through which a gaseous conveying medium, for example air, is introduced. This is followed by an annular channel 136 "which is closed inside by the core piece and outside by the housing wall 137" expires. Infeed funnels 140 correspond to these channels and lead the strand sum cutter head 78, the shaft 77 of which is mounted in housing 141 and is driven by motor 91 Air sucked in through the inlet nozzle from the ring channel into the ventilation housing, from which both are discharged through connecting pieces 144 (direction of arrow g). The nozzle 145 on the housing 141 is provided for the exit of the granulate (arrow direction h). When the pull-off device is started, the strands run together with the cooling and suction means from the channel 6 into the trough 146. The higher inlet nozzle 131 picks up the strands and the oscillating core 133 distributes them over the cross section of the annular channel 136. The conveyor means transport the strands further to the cutting device. The liquid coolant and suction medium leave the Y / anne through nozzles 147 (arrow direction i).

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The annular die 135 (Fig. 14 x) can be omitted weiin the housing 139 and optionally also the casing 141 _t are placed under negative pressure, so that the entire Fcrderluft of these from one by the Einlaufdlise 131 and Rinjkanal 136 and through ^ Esau & t will. The arrangement can also be such that the granulate is pneumatically discharged via a line that connects to Stutssen 145 and separated from the conveying air in a cyclone.A fan at the exit of the cyclone then ensures the required negative pressure in the entire system ·

line means for the withdrawal of melting and producing * granules (Fig. 15) is substantially ^L of the extraction device 151, the cooling channel 153 »collecting vessel 154 for Ale cooling and Saugiaittel, the conveying device 155 for the Schmelzetränge and cutting device 156 · The cooling and 'suction agents' are circulated. For this purpose a pump 157 is provided which takes the coolant through line 158 from the collecting vessel and conveys it via line 159 »cooler 160 and line 161 into the level vessel 162, the liquid level of which is kept constant by the overflow 163. The required by pump 157 coolant-3cnuß running in the AuffanggefäS via line 164 back, "The level vessel is connected by line 165 to the extraction device · The suction means is precisely the case subtracted (vessel from the collecting through line 167 and pump 168 via line 169 , FUUr I7Q, cooler 171 and ventilation 172 fed to the ring nozzle housing of the extraction device «

In the example (FIG. 15), the take-off device 151 is pivotably arranged, including the column 173, in order to make the take-off openings accessible for the melt if necessary, for example at a standstill. 7 set up for the withdrawal of a larger number of melt strands 33 · The conveying of the cooled strands of melt 33 »for the cutting device takes place here by rotating rollers 155 _β which are arranged above the collecting vessel 154, whereby the cooling and suction ■ means run off directly into this« The division of the strands

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executes a knife roller 156 of known design «The granulate is drawn off through nozzle 174 (direction of arrow b) ·

In the exemplary embodiments, the simplest form of the suction medium nozzle was shown with an unchanged inlet gap. In many cases, however, prefer to select embodiments of ring nozzles, the annular gap according to the main patent aur regulation of exit velocity and / or quantity ψ dee suction means can be changed ·

The process of the present invention can also be used analogously for the extraction of inorganic melts of granules made of especially such substances as flakes, minerals, glass, which are very brittle after they have cooled down, remains reserved for the process according to the main patent «For the To produce high quality fibers from such melts, however, it is excellent to use if the appropriate choice is made the coolant and suction means the properties of these melts It is taken into account «For example, only gaseous coolants, such as air, can be used in the production of glass fibers . the scattering of the viscous glass melt did not endure disrupt so fresh cooling "

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example

2 t melt of the polycondensate produced in a reactor Nylon 66 are peeled off briefly and directly to granules of cylindrical shape (3 mm in diameter and

3 mm height) processed «

At the bottom of the reactor 40 Abzugsöffnunßen with an internal diameter of 8 mm tfemäß Fig x 3 in a uniform distribution are provided on a circle of 400 mm diameter x Therefore, the viscous melt occurs (viscosity about 180 to 200U poise) at a temperature of 270 ⁰ C -n. the coolant nozzle a, the narrowest diameter of 9 mm · The coolant water is used which is temperature-fed at a! of about 3o ⁰ C of the well in which it is distributed over the rosary · As suction means also water is used, the tmter a Pressure of about 4 atm with a temperature of 30 ⁰ C is fed to the ring nozzles and exits from them with a wind speed of about 25 m / sec. Every minute around 330 suction means suck the melt strands with 1000 liters of coolant into the 4 m long channels, the strands being more than seven times entangled and then carried away in this with the cooling and suction means. They now have a diameter of 3 nm and after separation of the coolant and suction means. cut into granules of 3 mm length in the cutting device · The cutter head with 42 sons has a minute TM speed of 3400 ·

The coolants and suction means separated from the melted material have become. warmed to about 43 C and will be taken n & oh withdrawal of their Heat in a cooler fed back into the extraction device «

The melt from the reactor is with this device in peeled off in a time of less than 15 minutes and processed into granules Molecular weight of the melt product, so that the entire granulate is practically of the same quality «

0 0 9 e 1 6 / UQ 3 BAD ORIOfNAL

Claims (1)

Patent claims * 1, "A method for pulling off of melts, particularly melts of an organic nature, such as plastics, and for the preparation of granules, strands or fibers by means of liquid and / or gaseous substances, on the one hand serve as Kü hl medium, on the other hand duroh their suction the flow of melt Accelerate, whereby the speed and / or amount of the liquid or gaseous substances can be regulated, according to patent Bfr · 1 207 350, characterized in that the melt from the melting device is initially directed into a flow of a coolant which is essentially parallel to the direction of flow of the melt which is maintained by the action of a suction means, which can also serve as an additional coolant, whereby it solidifies and solidifies on the outside, then is removed together with the cooling and suction means until the progressive solidification is removed = is closed or for further processing or Use is sufficient, from which it is then sent » 2, method according to claim 1 «characterized in that the speed of the coolant flow from the entry of the melt ί to its external solidification by transverse change without interruption is gradually increased until it reaches a level that corresponds to the - required scattering of the melt " 3 · Procedure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the viscous Sohmelzstrang emerging from the melting device is sprayed with a coolant before it is in the coolant flow, which is guided essentially parallel to its drainage direction, arrives or while it flows off with it " 009816/1403 -t- 4, method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in » that several Sohmmelstrangs introduced into the stream of coolant been 5ο method naoh claim 4, characterized in that in the coolant and suction medium flow of circular cross-section, which removes the Sohmelzstrangen or fibers, tangentially liquid or gaseous agent with a speed corresponding to the desired twist of the strands or lasers is introduced 6, method according to one of claims 1 to 5 »characterized in that that the raw material after its solidification in the cooling and suction medium flow separated from this and a! order = device is passed on, which forwards it mechanically, pneumatically or hydraulically for processing 7 · Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it = draws that the speed or amount of the coolant and suction medium flow measured continuously and by electrical over = transmission controls the working speed, e.g. of a cutting device, which regulates the solidified melt product in equal amounts Cuts lengths 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 »daduroh gekenn = indicates that the liquid or gaseous substances used as coolants and suction media, such as water, air, steam, are inert Gases, captured in a manner known per se, cooled and countered benenfalla filtered to be reused as such - 5 ■ - 0090If / 140 3 BAD ORfGJNAL 9 · Modification of the method according to claim 1, characterized in that = draws that the flow of coolant is maintained by the action of gravity and the withdrawal of the melt is effected by mechanical pull applied by a known pulling device, e.g. rollers, to the already solidified Sohmelzgut exercises 10 · Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized by a nozzle (4) for the supply of the cooling = means that below the melt outlet (2) of the melt = device (1) is arranged and the flowing melt = strand (3) coaxially surrounds and provided in the guide walls (7) are to lead the coolant flow parallel to the flow direction of the melt, and duroh an annular nozzle (5) for introduction of the suction medium, which coaxially surrounds the coolant nozzle (4) at its end and its direction of action in and parallel or runs almost parallel to the flow direction of the melt and duroh guide walls (8) are secured, and duroh a cooling channel (6), during which the soil, coolant and absorbent are removed together (Hg, 1) 11. The device according to claim 2 and 10, characterized in that that the nozzle (21) for the coolant in plus direction long = is elongated conically shaped, whereby the coolant along the Sohmeltgut with gradually increasing speed flows off (Fig. 3). 12. The apparatus of claim 3, 10 or 11, characterized = it is rewarding that in the wall (15) of the nozzle (16) for the cooling « medium perpendicular or at an acute angle to the discharge direction of the ice cream, evenly distributed over the circumference, radially running nozzles (H) or hanging holes for the introduction a coolant »are specified, or that spray nozzles for a coolant are arranged above the KUhlmitteldüae 009816/1403 13. Device according to claim 4 and one of claims 10 "to 12, daduroh marked" that under several Sohmelze " Just as many drainage openings (32) of the melting device (31) Coolant nozzles (34) are arranged, which open into a further coolant nozzle (35), duroh the entire melt = strands and the entire coolant duroh the effect of a suction means from the suction means arranged at their outlet = » nozzle (5) must be pulled off (Fig. 4) 14. The device naoh claim 4 and one of claims 10 to 12, daduroh marked that among several Sohmelzeabzug « openings (32) of the Sohmelzvorlohtung (31) one for all Melt strands (33) common coolant nozzle (41st or 61) is arranged (Fig. 5 and 6 or, 7) · 15 · device naoh one of claims 10 to Hj gekenn = zelohnet duroh a nozzle (71) for the supply of a gaseous Coolant, the flow of which coaxially surrounds the Sohmel strand, and a liquid coolant that runs along the barrel wall (72) runs in a more or less high level (Fig * θ) 16 »Device according to claim 6 and one of the claims 10 to 15, thereby gekanruseiofaiiit, & aJ3 at the end «of the channel (6) for the cooling of the Sohmelagutes and the drainage together with. the cooling and suction parts over its circumference smoothly; "Distributed or continuously one or more rehabilitated oht to or eohräg g» against the foot direction running or one? ielzafa2 ■ from in or sohräg to the direction of flow (75 baw, 82 or 101) aur IrtÄauag d «r coolant and suction agent from Melting material provided iinl (7ig · Θ, 11, bssw «9 hm * 10} * 17 · Provision according to Anepruoh 16, daduroh that the separation of the coolant and suction medium from the Schiaslaeetrang Duroh β in® a built into the cooling duct in a way that is more than enough Sole ten takes place (flg · 10). 009816/1403 ■ ^ ₅ - BADORlGlNAt 18ο Device according to one of claims 10 to 17, characterized by a conveying device in the manner of an injector for forwarding the melted material separated from the cooling and suction means for further processing, consisting of an inlet nozzle (111) for the material to be melted and one of these Hing nozzle (112) enclosing its end for the introduction of a gaseous or liquid conveying medium to which the line (113) for the molten material connects to it for forwarding (Fig. 11) 19. Device according to one of claims 10 to 17, characterized by an annular inlet nozzle (131) for the drawing in of several strands of melt from its withdrawal and cooling device, consisting of the nozzle jacket (132) and a central core piece (133) which is pointed against the drawing-in direction. ι which is rotatably mounted about its axis and optionally also axially displaceable and is connected to a known type of vibration exciter (134) working, for example, electromagnetisoh and can be set into rapid rotational and axial ohmic vibrations by this, as well as by a Hing nozzle (135) for the introduction of a preferably gaseous conveying medium, for example compressed air, to which a hanging duct (136) is attached, which is delimited by the duct gehaus® (137) and the core element (133) and through filling strips (138) in duct. for the individual Sohmelzestränge, which is divided with the inlet funnel. (14-0) in the ventilation housing (139) to which a cutting device of known design is attached, the knife head (73) of which divides the Schme'lesesträng® supplied to it into pieces of equal length (Fig. 14K 20 · Device for carrying out the procedure according to a one or more of claims 1 to 19 »essentially marked-rewarded by an extraction and cooling device (151) for the Sohaelsgut which can be pivoted about a column (173) or the like and if necessary, mounted so that it can be raised and lowered and can be locked, by means of a cooling channel (153) through a device for separating the melt strands from the coolants and absorbents, duroh one 009816 / U03 _ ₆ _ BADORlGlNAt Collecting vessel (154) for the coolant and suction medium, through a device (155) for taking over and conveying the melt strands for further processing (156), through a level vessel (162) for receiving a liquid coolant, which is connected to the extraction and cooling device ( 151) is in communication and maintains a constant coolant level, by a pump 157 for conveying the coolant via a cooler (160) to the level vessel and by a pump (168) for conveying the suction medium via a filter (170), cooler (171) to the Trigger device (Fig. 15). 009816/1403