DE1533360B1 - Process for the production of nearly stoechiometric nickel-titanium alloys and their use - Google Patents

Process for the production of nearly stoechiometric nickel-titanium alloys and their use

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Publication number
DE1533360B1
DE1533360B1 DE19661533360 DE1533360A DE1533360B1 DE 1533360 B1 DE1533360 B1 DE 1533360B1 DE 19661533360 DE19661533360 DE 19661533360 DE 1533360 A DE1533360 A DE 1533360A DE 1533360 B1 DE1533360 B1 DE 1533360B1
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Prior art keywords
nickel
titanium
alloy
production
strength
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DE19661533360
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German (de)
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William J Buehler
Alexander G Rozner
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/007—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with a light metal (alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; earth alkali metal Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Ga, Ge, Ti) or B, Si, Zr, Hf, Sc, Y, lanthanides, actinides, as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/006—Resulting in heat recoverable alloys with a memory effect

Description

Die nahezu stöchiometrischen Nickel-Titan-Legierungen und ihre einmaligen Eigenschaften sind eingehend in der USA.-Patentschrift 3 174 851 dargelegt worden. Für manche Anwendungen ist es erwünscht, derartige Nickel-Titan-Legierungen mit höherer 0,2-Grenze zu erhalten. Versuche, die 0,2-Grenze durch konventionelle Maßnahmen, wie Wärmebehandlung, zu erhöhen, haben nur geringen Erfolg gehabt. Dies dürfte wahrscheinlich auf die Tatsache zurückzuführen sein, daß die Legierungen im wesentlichen in einer einzigen Phase vorliegen. Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit und zur Erzeugung eines martensitischen Gefüges solcher Legierungen anzugeben.The almost stoichiometric nickel-titanium alloys and their unique properties are detailed in U.S. Patent 3,174,851 been. For some applications it is desirable to use such nickel-titanium alloys with a higher 0.2 limit to obtain. Attempts to exceed the 0.2 limit by conventional measures such as heat treatment, increases have had little success. This is likely due to the fact be that the alloys are essentially in a single phase. The invention thus lies the object is based on a method for increasing the strength and for generating a martensitic Indicate the structure of such alloys.

Das Erfindungsziel, das zu einer 0,2-Grenze von mindestens 68 kp/mmz, vorzugsweise von 81,7 bis 129 kp/mm2, einer Bruchdehnung, bezogen auf eine Meßlänge von 25,4 mm, von mindestens 7%, vorzugsweise von 7 bis 20%, einer Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 109 kp/mm2, vorzugsweise von 129 bis 177 kp/mm2, einer spezifischen Festigkeit, d.h. einem Zugfestigkeits - Dichte - Verhältnis, von mindestensThe aim of the invention, which leads to a 0.2 limit of at least 68 kp / mm z , preferably from 81.7 to 129 kp / mm 2 , an elongation at break, based on a measuring length of 25.4 mm, of at least 7%, preferably from 7 to 20%, a tensile strength of at least 109 kg / mm 2 , preferably from 129 to 177 kg / mm 2 , a specific strength, ie a tensile strength-density ratio, of at least

kp/mm2
101,6 g/cm 3 , vorzugsweise zwischen 127 undkp / mm 2
101.6 g / cm 3 , preferably between 127 and

203,2 , bei einer Permeabilität von etwa 1 in203.2, with a permeability of about 1 in

einer Nickel-Titan-Legierung aus 53,5 bis 56,5% Nickel, Rest Titan, die nach an sich bekannter Lösungsglühung und Abkühlung kaltverformt wird, führt, wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß die Kaltverformung in Abhängigkeit von der Legierungszusammensetzung unterhalb, vorzugsweise wenigstens um 20 bis 30° C unter den folgenden kritischen Temperaturen, bei denen das Kristallgitter eine martensitische Umwandlung erfährt, erfolgt:a nickel-titanium alloy made from 53.5 to 56.5% nickel, the remainder being titanium, after a known solution heat treatment and cooling is cold-deformed, is achieved according to the invention in that the cold deformation depending on the alloy composition below, preferably at least by 20 to 30 ° C below the following critical temperatures at which the crystal lattice is martensitic Conversion takes place:

Tabelle ITable I.

LegierungszusammensetzungAlloy composition 55 53,553.5 Kritische TemperaturenCritical temperatures (Gewichtsprozent Nickel, Rest Titan)(Weight percent nickel, remainder titanium) 54,054.0 54,554.5 (0Q ·( 0 Q ίο 55,0ίο 55.0 9898 55,555.5 140140 56,056.0 170170 56,556.5 140140 3030th -25-25 -50-50

°c° c Für eine Legierungszusammensetzung
(Gewichtsprozent Nickel, Rest Titan)For an alloy composition
(Weight percent nickel, remainder titanium) 9898 53,553.5 140140 54,054.0 170170 54,554.5 140140 55,055.0 3030th 55,555.5 -25-25 56,056.0 -50-50 56,556.5

Vorteilhafterweise wird die Nickel-Titan-Legierung nach der Wärmebehandlung durch Walzen, Ziehen oder Strangpressen verformt.The nickel-titanium alloy is advantageously made after the heat treatment by rolling, drawing deformed or extrusion.

Bei der Kaltverformung erfährt die Nickel-Titan-Legierung eine martensitische (diffusionslose) Umwandlung. Die Fähigkeit der Legierung, eine martensitische Umwandlung durchzumachen, ist temperaturabhängig. Die höchste Temperatur, bei welcher diese Umwandlung eintreten kann, wird als kritische Temperatur bezeichnet. Diese kritische Temperatur, die eine Funktion der Legierungszusammensetzung ist, kann leicht aus einer Dämpfungsübergangskurve bestimmt werden. In Tabelle I sind die ungefähren kritischen Temperaturen einiger typischer Nickel-Titan-Legierungen angegeben.During cold working, the nickel-titanium alloy undergoes a martensitic (diffusion-free) transformation. The ability of the alloy to undergo a martensitic transformation is temperature dependent. The highest temperature at which this conversion can occur is called the critical temperature designated. This critical temperature, which is a function of the alloy composition, can easily be determined from a damping transition curve. In Table I are the approximate critical temperatures of some typical nickel-titanium alloys are given.

Bislang bestand in der Fachwelt die Ansicht, daßSo far there has been the opinion in the professional world that

Legierungen mit 52 bis 56% Nickel, Rest Titan, vorwiegend aus der einzigen Phase TiNi bestehen und daß ihre Härte durch eine Wärmebehandlung oder durch Veränderung der Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit nur unwesentlich beeinflußt werden können. Vorliegende Erfindung beruht auf der weitergehenden Erkenntnis, daß eine Erhöhung der Festigkeit derartiger Legierungen jedoch erreicht werden kann, wenn diese Legierungen geglüht, abgekühlt und anschließend kaltverformt werden, wobei gleichzeitig ein martensitisches Gefüge entsteht.Alloys with 52 to 56% nickel, the remainder titanium, consist mainly of the single phase TiNi and that their hardness by a heat treatment or by changing the cooling rate can only be influenced insignificantly. The present invention is based on the broader one Realization that an increase in the strength of such alloys can be achieved, when these alloys are annealed, cooled and then cold worked, at the same time a martensitic structure is created.

Auch die Zeit zur Steigerung der Zugfestigkeit ist temperaturabhängig. Je größer der Temperaturunterschied zwischen der Verarbeitungstemperatur und der kritischen Temperatur ist, um so höher wird die Festigkeit. Für die meisten Zwecke wird die Arbeitstemperatur vorzugsweise wenigstens 20 bis 300C unter der kritischen Temperatur gehalten. Um sicherzustellen, daß der geringste gewünschte Temperaturunterschied erhalten wird, muß auch der Temperaturanstieg, der gewöhnlich durch die Reibung bewirkt wird, mit in Rechnung gestellt werden. Solange allerdings die Arbeitstemperatur unter der kritischen Temperatur gehalten wird, können die durch Reibung bewirkten Temperaturänderungen den Vorgang nicht wesentlich beeinflussen.The time to increase the tensile strength also depends on the temperature. The greater the temperature difference between the processing temperature and the critical temperature, the higher the strength. For most purposes, the working temperature is preferably kept at least 20 to 30 ° C. below the critical temperature. In order to ensure that the smallest desired temperature difference is obtained, the temperature increase which is usually caused by the friction must also be taken into account. However, as long as the working temperature is kept below the critical temperature, the temperature changes caused by friction cannot significantly influence the process.

Die Legierungen können in an sich bekannter Weise verarbeitet werden. Beispielsweise können sie im Gesenk geschmiedet, grobgewalzt, gezogen, stranggepreßt, freiformgeschmiedet, gestreckt, feingewalzt, durch Sprengverformung oder in anderer Weise verarbeitet werden, wobei diese Verarbeitungen im wesentlichen Teile der Gesamtverarbeitung sind. Das Maß der durchzuführenden Verarbeitung hängt von der gewünschten Festigkeit und Härte ab, wobei ein höherer Verformungsgrad eine größere Festigkeit ergibt. Der Verarbeitung, welcher die Legierung unterworfen werden kann, ist allerdings eine obere Grenze gesetzt, bei deren überschreiten Einrisse und örtliche Ausbrüche auftreten können. Als Faustregel kann gelten, daß die Verarbeitung nur bis zu einer Querschnittsverminderung von 20 oder 25% bei Rundmaterial bzw. einer Dickenverminderung von 20 bis 25% bei Flachmaterial durchgeführt werden sollte, da übermäßiges Verarbeiten zu einer beachtlichen Abnahme der Duktilität ohne vergleichbare Zunahme der Festigkeit führt.The alloys can be processed in a manner known per se. For example, they can drop-forged, rough-rolled, drawn, extruded, open-die forged, stretched, fine-rolled, processed by explosive deformation or in any other way, these processing operations in are essential parts of the overall processing. The level of processing to be performed depends depends on the desired strength and hardness, with a higher degree of deformation a greater strength results. The processing to which the alloy can be subjected, however, is an upper limit Limit set which, if exceeded, can cause cracks and local breakouts. As a rule of thumb it can apply that the processing is only up to a cross-section reduction of 20 or 25% Round material or a thickness reduction of 20 to 25% for flat material should, since excessive processing leads to a considerable decrease in ductility without comparable Increase in strength.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird eine Nickel-Titan-Legierung mit hoher Festigkeit, großer Härte, hoher Schlagzähigkeit, hoher Dehnung (Duktilität), großer Korrosionsbeständigkeit, niederer Dichte und stabiler Unmagnetigkeit erhalten.By the method according to the invention, a nickel-titanium alloy with high strength, large Hardness, high impact strength, high elongation (ductility), high corrosion resistance, low density and stable non-magnetism.

Die nachfolgenden Beispiele zeigen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung. The following examples show embodiments of the invention.

Beispiel IExample I.

Ein Nickel-Titan-Blech (55,1 Gewichtsprozent Nickel, Rest Titan) von 101,6 χ 25,4 χ 3,30 mm wurde bei 8000C im Vakuum geglüht und zum Ausschalten der Einflüsse der vorangegangenen Verarbeitung ofengekühlt. Anschließend wurde das Blech 20 Minuten lang in flüssigen Stickstoff gegeben, um sicherzustellen, daß die Legierung eine Temperatur annimmt, die unterhalb ihrer kritischen Temperatur liegt, und um ferner sicherzustellen, daß die Legierung unterhalb der kritischen Temperatur während des Walzens bleibt. Anschließend wurde das Blech gewalzt, wobei sich in Abhängigkeit der Dickenverminderung der in der folgenden Tabelle II festgehaltenen Festigkeitswerte ergaben.A nickel-titanium plate (55.1 weight percent nickel, balance titanium) was 101.6 mm by 25.4 χ χ 3.30 annealed at 800 0 C in a vacuum oven and cooled to switch off the influence of the previous processing. The sheet was then placed in liquid nitrogen for 20 minutes to ensure that the alloy reached a temperature below its critical temperature and also to ensure that the alloy remained below the critical temperature during rolling. The sheet metal was then rolled, the strength values recorded in Table II below being obtained as a function of the reduction in thickness.

Tabelle IITable II

2525th

3030th

Neben der hohen Zugfestigkeit und Duktilität wies die Legierung eine magnetische Permeabilität von nahezu 1 sowie hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit und Schlagzähigkeit auf.In addition to the high tensile strength and ductility, the alloy exhibited magnetic permeability of almost 1 as well as high corrosion resistance and impact strength.

Beispiel IIExample II

Ein Nickel-Titan-Draht von 1,5 mm Durchmesser (55,1 Gewichtsprozent Nickel, Rest Titan), wurde geglüht und wie im Beispiel I gekühlt. Die Legierung wurde dann durch konische Ziehsteine gezogen, wobei sich die in Tabelle III angegebenen Werte ergaben.A nickel-titanium wire 1.5 mm in diameter (55.1 percent by weight nickel, remainder titanium) was used annealed and cooled as in example I. The alloy was then drawn through conical drawing dies, whereby the values given in Table III resulted.

Dicken
verminderungThick
reduction 0,2-Grenze
(kp/mm2)0.2 limit
(kp / mm 2 ) Zugfestigkeit
(kp/mm2)tensile strenght
(kp / mm 2 ) Bruchdehnung,
bezogen auf eine
Meßlänge von
25,4 mmElongation at break,
based on a
Measuring length from
25.4 mm O (geglüht)
10
15O (annealed)
10
15th 20,4
75,0
88,520.4
75.0
88.5 88,5
111
13088.5
111
130 22
25
1322nd
25th
13th

Tabelle IIITable III

Querschnitts
verminderung
(%)Cross-sectional
reduction
(%) 0,2-Grenze
(kp/mm2)0.2 limit
(kp / mm 2 ) Zugfestigkeit
(kp/mm2)tensile strenght
(kp / mm 2 ) Bruchdehnung,
bezogen auf eine
Meßlänge von
25,4 mm
(%)Elongation at break,
based on a
Measuring length from
25.4 mm
(%) 0 (geglüht)
13
20
350 (annealed)
13th
20th
35 20,4
79,5
100,0
135,520.4
79.5
100.0
135.5 88,5
131,0
165,0
177,588.5
131.0
165.0
177.5 über 40
20
15
7,5over 40
20th
15th
7.5

Die Legierung wies hohe Schlagzähigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit sowie eine Permeabilität auf, die im wesentlichen 1 war.The alloy had high impact strength and corrosion resistance as well as permeability, which was essentially 1.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren findet mannigfache Anwendung, da es die hocherstrebten Eigenschaften von Festigkeit, Zähigkeit, Duktilität, Korrosionsbeständigkeit und magnetische Permeabilität von etwa 1 bewirkt. Das hohe Festigkeits-Dichte-Verhältnis macht die Legierung insbesondere dort anwendbar, wo hochfeste Werkstoffe geringen Gewichtes benötigt werden, beispielsweise im Raketenbau und in der Raumfahrt. Die hohe Festigkeit und_ die Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Legierung macht sie außerdem für den Schiffsbau verwendbar, und zwar trotz der Tatsache, daß etwas von der Schwingungsdämpfungsfähigkeit für die erhöhte Festigkeit geopfert worden ist. Die Legierung kann auch als Panzermaterial gegen Beschüß Verwendung finden. Im Gegensatz zum konventionellen Härtungsprozeß wird erfindungsgemäß die Duktilität und Zähigkeit nicht nennenswert beeinflußt, und im Gegensatz zum Austenit-Martensit-Ubergang beim Stahl werden die amagnetischen Eigenschaften der Legierung gleichfalls nicht beeinflußt.The process according to the invention is used in many ways, since it has the highly sought-after properties of strength, toughness, ductility, corrosion resistance and magnetic permeability of about 1 causes. The high strength-density ratio makes the alloy especially there applicable where high-strength, light-weight materials are required, for example in rocket construction and in space travel. The high strength and corrosion resistance of the alloy makes they can also be used for shipbuilding, despite the fact that some of the vibration damping ability has been sacrificed for increased strength. The alloy can also be used as armor material against bombardment. In contrast to the conventional hardening process, the ductility and Toughness is not significantly influenced, and in contrast to the austenite-martensite transition in steel the non-magnetic properties of the alloy are also not affected.

Claims (3)

Patentansprüche:Patent claims: 1. Verfahren zur Erzielung einer 0,2-Grenze von mindestens 68 kp/mm2, vorzugsweise von 81,7 bis 129 kp/mm2, einer Bruchdehnung, bezogen auf eine Meßlänge von 25,4 mm, von mindestens 7%, vorzugsweise von 7 bis 20%, einer Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 109 kp/mm2, vorzugsweise von 129 bis 177 kp/mm2, einer spezifischen Festigkeit von mindestens 101,6 >1. Process for achieving a 0.2 limit of at least 68 kp / mm 2 , preferably from 81.7 to 129 kp / mm 2 , an elongation at break, based on a measuring length of 25.4 mm, of at least 7%, preferably from 7 to 20%, a tensile strength of at least 109 kg / mm 2 , preferably from 129 to 177 kg / mm 2 , a specific strength of at least 101.6> vorzugsweise zwischen 127 und 203,2 kP/mm ,preferably between 127 and 203.2 k P / mm , g/cm3 g / cm 3 bei einer Permeabilität von etwa 1 in einer Nickel-Titan-Legierung aus 5,3,5 bis 56,5% Nickel, Rest Titan, die nach an sich bekannter Lösungsglühung und Abkühlung kaltverformt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kaltverformung in Abhängigkeit von der Legierungszusammensetzung unterhalb, vorzugsweise wenigstens um 20 bis 30° C unter den folgenden kritischen Temperaturen erfolgt:at a permeability of about 1 in a nickel-titanium alloy from 5.3.5 to 56.5% nickel, the remainder titanium, after known solution annealing and cooling is cold-worked, characterized in that the cold-working depending on the alloy composition below, preferably at least around 20 to 30 ° C under the following critical temperatures: 4545 5555 6060 6565 Für eine LegierungszusammensetzungFor an alloy composition 0C 0 C (Gewichtsprozent Nickel, Rest Titan(Weight percent nickel, remainder titanium 9898 53,553.5 140140 54,054.0 170170 54,554.5 140140 55,055.0 3030th 55,555.5 -25-25 56,056.0 -50-50 56,556.5
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nickel-Titan-Legierung der Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 nach der Wärmebehandlung durch Walzen, Ziehen oder Strangpressen verformt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nickel-titanium alloy of Composition according to claim 1 after heat treatment by rolling, drawing or Extrusion is deformed. 3. Verwendung der nach dem Anspruch 1 oder 2 behandelten Nickel-Titan-Legierungen aus 53,5 bis 56,5% Nickel, Rest Titan und herstellungsbedingten Verunreinigungen, zur Herstellung unmagnetischer Gegenstände großer Härte und hoher Zugfestigkeit, von Panzerplatten, von Teilen für Raketen und Raumfahrzeugen sowie für den Schiffsbau.3. Use of the treated according to claim 1 or 2 nickel-titanium alloys from 53.5 to 56.5% nickel, the remainder titanium and production-related impurities, for the production of non-magnetic Objects of great hardness and high tensile strength, armor plates, parts for Rockets and spacecraft as well as for shipbuilding.
DE19661533360 1965-08-20 1966-08-08 Process for the production of nearly stoechiometric nickel-titanium alloys and their use Pending DE1533360B1 (en)

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US481436A US3351463A (en) 1965-08-20 1965-08-20 High strength nickel-base alloys

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US (1) US3351463A (en)
AT (1) AT281446B (en)
BE (1) BE685751A (en)
CH (1) CH504538A (en)
DE (1) DE1533360B1 (en)
ES (1) ES330445A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1161225A (en)
NL (1) NL6611720A (en)
NO (1) NO115605B (en)

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NO115605B (en) 1968-10-28
CH504538A (en) 1971-03-15
BE685751A (en) 1967-02-01
GB1161225A (en) 1969-08-13
NL6611720A (en) 1967-02-21
AT281446B (en) 1970-05-25
US3351463A (en) 1967-11-07
ES330445A1 (en) 1967-07-01

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