DE1525685A1 - Sealing cap for pressure vessel - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, London S.W. 1

concerning:

"Wear declcel for pressure vessel ¹¹

Priorities? .18 November 1965 and 31 October 1966, England

The invention relates to closure dome for pressure vessels, which are lighter due to a novel construction than the currently related lids are.

The design of sealing caps for pressure vessels brings a number of serious problems with oneselfj one is how to make a cap for an opening, that is wide enough to accommodate catalyst beds and baskets. Heat exchanger and. other indoor facilities can be installed and maintained. Closing lid, e.g. in the form of flat plates »whose strength depends on the resistance to bending.

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stresses, are generally related up to now however, suffer from excessive weight.

These disadvantages occur with a closure-lid pressure container according to the invention does not appear, which is characterized by an essentially spherically arched cap, the convex side of which points towards the interior of the container j and through a sealing surface of smaller diameter provided on the container mouth than that of the lid, the lid being elastically deformable into a shape with an elliptical circumference and the small elliptical diameter the introduction of the lid into the Container mouth allowed. The solution of the invention may turn out to be a waste of container volume, but it has been found that the cost of a slightly larger container by far due to the lighter construction of the closure lid, which is proposed according to the invention, outweighed will.

For large access openings, e.g. manholes in chemical The invention provides reactors with a very special advantage represent.

Pressure vessels, e.g. gas bottles and small aerosol spray containers are already made with inwardly curved end faces produced, but these end faces are known not to be removable or detachable.

"Essentially spherical" means the shape of a _{sphere- t} 'ν- 909882/071 1

· ..>':"' ^{: c} " - ■ - ■ ■ - 3 - '■ "■■ ■■ -

section or a ball flattened or elongated at the poles, in which the axial ratio expediently does not deviate by more than 30% from the unit. The spherical section may advantageously be at least θΛ times its total volume, that is, in the undeformed state, the arched closure cover spans in one. Diametral plane · an angle of at least 1M + °. The angle is preferably between 170 and 180 °. The segment of the sphere can, if desired, be more than 0.5 times the volume of the sphere; however, nothing is gained by doing this, unless one relies on the excess metal for post-processing later.

For the elastic deformation of the Versehlußdeekels means are For example, an adjusting spindle or a hoist winch is provided, the diametrically in the concave side of the closure cap is appropriate. The closure cap can be provided with projections for applying these devices, e.g. a questionable one Winch, be provided "

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the diameter of the lid on the circumference approximately equal to the diameter of the container mouth and by one on the container jacket fixable retaining ring fixable.

Advantageously, the spherical section of the spherically arched sleeping ceiling makes up between 11 and k2% of the total volume from ¹ .

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Ie, on a diametrical plane spanned by the closure cover angle is advantageously between Mo and li 0 ^o .P.ie desired thickness of the closure lid 1st for a given ^ elastungsdruck the lower, the greater is the subtended angle is .'- · -. '. ".

In this closure is between the cap and once the container mouth, once the retaining ring, preferably a seal. This will reduce the pressure load two forces are balanced, namely the resistance of the container mouth to radial expansion and the resistance to shear the locking device for the retaining ring.

Advantageously, the sealing caps are shaped in such a way that

so that when pressure is applied this becomes more / of the shape

deform a spherical section.

Since the closure cover according to the invention is lighter than before are proposed closure cap, it is expedient and economical to make these from corrosion-resistant metals and Manufacture alloys. This can take full advantage of the invention; can be achieved, since it then becomes unnecessary to have a to provide extra thick with a view to corrosion. At the Closure cover can be a closure for the Act overall opening, but the closure cap can also be more casual. If desired, common sealing rings can be used will. ;

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Exemplary embodiments of the invention are now intended are explained in more detail using the accompanying drawings » in which' ' '

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention j

Figure 2 shows a detail of Figure! ';

Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention.

In Fig. 1, the closed end of a pressure vessel can be seen in section with the closure cover inserted. The jacket 10 'of the pressure vessel widens outwards at 12 and inwards at lh and thus forms a seat for the closure cover l6. When there is pressure in the container, the lid 16 is pressed into contact with the seat surface (shown in more detail in FIG. 2) "otherwise it is desirable to use" holding clamps "one of which is shown at 1δ". To insert or remove the cover, a winch is placed diametrically over the cover and operated to widen or narrow the cover. Regardless of whether it is a constriction or a widening "the result is always a constriction in one direction" so that the cover can be inserted through the opening.

When the atmospheric overpressure is zero, the cap has zero its true spherical shape} deh. " when pressure is applied

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edge bending moments arise which are taken into account when calculating the maximum principal stresses in the cover have to* '

Fig. 3 shows the representation of a similar embodiment, in which the closed end of a pressure vessel can also be seen with the closure lid inserted. The jacket 20 of the pressure vessel is thickened at 22 and carries securing threaded pins 2k for the retaining ring 26. The closure cover 28 forms a seal at 30 with the retaining ring and with the pressure vessel mouth on the slightly beveled surface 32. If the container is under pressure, the attempted Load to lift the cover 28 and flatten it against the retaining ring 26. The container mouth and retaining ring oppose this tendency to flatten by resisting radial enlargement.

When assembling the closure, the dachshund 28 is loosely brought into place. Before the retaining ring 26 is put on, the lid 28 protrudes slightly over the container mouth. The retaining ring 26 is then put on and fixed by tightening the safety thread pin 2k , whereby the closure cover Γ 28 is pressed into the sealing position shown, edge bending moments occur when the closure cover is under the; The internal pressure is zero.

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The following table shows how big a saving Lid weight through. Use of closure lids according to the invention is achieved, with the lid from a one-percent ~ term chromium molybdenum steel for pressure vessels are made.

Tabel

Flat plate invention invention

Pressure «diam- (Bridgman connection- (Fig.2,1) (Fig. 3) kg / cm ser cm dung) Thickness Weight Thickness

Thickness cm weight kg mm widii

70.3 56 5.7 loH * 6.35 26.8e 6.35 12.2

397 152 3 ^, 5 ^ 990 unsuitable 89 1590

moderate

* Usually the sealing caps are much heavier and weigh e.g. 5 ¹ + 5 kg

- patent claims -

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Claims (3)

Pa t ent a η s ρ r ü c h e: 1. Sealing cap for pressure vessel, marked by an essentially spherically arched cap (l6) s whose convex side points towards the interior of the container j and smaller by a sealing surface provided on the container mouth Diameter as denudes lid »whereby the lid (16) is elastic is deformable into a shape with an elliptical circumference and the small elliptical diameter facilitates the introduction of the lid in the container mouth allowed. 2. Closure cap according to claim 1, characterized in that the curved cover (l6) spans an angle of at least lhk ° _t preferably 170 - '180 ° in a diametrical plane. - - ■ '■■ _ ■ "■ 3. Verschlaßdeekel after one of the preceding ones Claims »characterized in that the diameter of the The circumference of the cover (28) is approximately equal to the diameter of the container mouth and can be fixed by a retaining ring (26) which can be fastened to the container casing (2o). H. : Closure according to claim 3, characterized in that the spherically curved closure cover (28 ·) is the section of a sphere or a spheroid and takes up 11 - h2% of the volume of the sphere or of the spheroid. 909882/07 11 '" ⁹ '" 5 · Closure according to claim 3 or | *, characterized »That a seal (30j32) between the cover (28) and container mouth (22) and retaining ring (26) is formed » PATfNTANWALIE DR.-ING H.FINCKfc DIPL-INa.RBOHR DIPL-ΙΝβ. I. IIAiea 909882/07 1 1