DE1467699B2 - DETERGENTS AND DETERGENTS AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION - Google Patents

Description

3 4

see detergent gives, without the disadvantages occurring, A preferred detergent approach according to the

the presence of too much or too little finding comprises 10 to 20 percent by weight of a syn-

Soap is given in the composition and without any thetic sulfate or sulfonate anionic detergent,

that an uneconomical amount of the expensive nonio- 35 to 45 weight percent of an alkali polyphosphate

never used in the detergent formulation. 5 and 2 to 14 percent by weight of a foam suppressing agent

An important object of the invention is to create a mixture.

a foam-suppressing mixture for incorporation. A for use according to the present invention

a detergent based on an anionic suitable hydrocarbon can contain a straight

synthetic detergent with coarse washing chain or branched alkane, an alkene, an alky-

like to obtain such a heavy duty detergent, io lated benzene, a condensed aromatic compound

which is particularly suitable for use in manure, their alkylated derivatives, or an alicyclic

Drum washing machines or similar washing hydrocarbon, z. B. paraffins with a

machines with strong and fast movement, boiling point over 100 ⁰ C, octene, decene, undecene,

since the foam formation is so reduced that dodecene, tetradecene, hexadecene, octadecene, n-Pro-

no risk of foaming over in these detergents 15 pylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, decylbenzene,

machine types is to be feared. Undecylbenzene, n-dodecylbenzene, tetrapropylene benzene

Another object of the invention is to provide zol, tetradecylbenzene, naphthalene and its methyl

such a poorly foaming coarse detergent, derivatives, its hydrogenated derivatives, for example

which at least the good washing power of the tetrahydro- and decahydronaphthalene, anthracene

Lent detergent possesses, however, without a foam 20 and its methyl derivatives. As an example of an alicycli-

ability to show that can lead to the "pillow effect" see connection Cyclohexane and cycloheptane

would. are mentioned, whereas as monocyclic terpene

Another aim of the invention is the stability of menthane and, as a bicyclic terpene, pinane, pinene,

to reduce the foam formed in such a way that no sibans and thujas are to be mentioned; also camphane

The risk of an accumulation of already formed 25 is "suitable for this purpose".

Foam with newly created foam as a result of the fatty acids and / or their alkali soaps, which Rotation of the cylindrical boiler of the drum together with a hydrocarbon as a stock washing machine exists, which would lead to such a proportion of the foam-pressing mixture in accordance with the increase in the foam layer that finally can be used, are in general but it would cause foaming. 30 mean commercial fatty acids and / or soaps,

The invention is based on the observation that a mixture of a hydrocarbon and a mixture of preferably hydrogenated natural oils is derived. Mixtures which derive a pronounced inhibitory titer of at least 33 ° C from fatty acids or a mixture of fatty acids and / preferably hydrogenated natural oils with one or their alkali soaps are also suitable,
Effect on the foaming capacity of an anionic detergent The mixture according to the invention consists preferably of synthetic detergents, without this combination of fatty acids and / or their soaps being disadvantageous for the coarse washing capacity of the detergent which has a chain length of about 60 to 80%. It has been observed that the grains of 16 to 18 carbon atoms and about 20 to about 40% combination of a hydrocarbon and a fatty acid or its alkali soap having a chain length of less than 16 carbon atoms have a much more pronounced 40.

shows a foam-suppressing effect than the use of mixtures of fatty acids, which have such a

have any of these compounds alone as an additional division of the chain length of the acyl radical,

to detergent. Furthermore, the hydrocarbons can act through saponification of mixtures of vegetable

Substance - or a mixture of hydrocarbons - borrowed and / or animal fats are produced,

and the fatty acids and / or their alkali soaps in 45 such as tallow, palm kernel oil, palm oil and / or

Containing peanut oil synergistically in terms of suppression. The mixes can too

the foaming of synthetic anionic detergents by simply mixing the individual fatty acids

tien, without their cleaning power adversely to beelif- are obtained in a certain ratio,

pregnant. If, for example, fatty acids and / or soaps,

The invention thus relates to a washing and 50, the above-mentioned distribution of the acyl radicals cleanup medium with high Grobwasch- and sit vermin- with hydrocarbon material with a Siededertem foaming containing determinants point above 90 ⁰ C, such as paraffin oil and / Gentien based on organic anionic sulfates or paraffin wax, dodecylbenzene or turpentine oil and / or sulfonates, alkali polyphosphates and foam-mixed, and this foam-suppressing mixture of pressing components, which is characterized by incorporating a detergent which is essentially characterized by the fact that the foam-pressing mixture consists of a contains synthetic anionic sulphate or Sulfonateinem synergistically acting mixture of a detergent and an alkali metal polyphosphate such hydrocarbon having a boiling point above 90 ⁰ C is obtained, a detergent with low foam and a fatty acid having about 12 to about 31 carbon assets.
Substance atoms and / or their alkali soaps. 60 Fatty acids and / or soaps are preferred

The foam added to the detergent formulation, which is the subsequent distribution of the oppressive mixture, is used to maintain a chain length of the acyl radicals: 15 to 30% of the detergent according to the invention, about 0.6 to 20 G of the acyl radicals have a chain length of less percent by weight of the total detergent approach than 18 carbon atoms, 30 to 60% ^he d Acylwelcher also substantially about 5 to 30 overall 65 radicals have a chain length of 18 carbon wight percent of a synthetic anionic sulfate atoms, 15 to 30 ° / ₀ of the acyl radicals have one or Sulfonate detergent and from 5 to 60 weight chain length of more than 18 carbon atoms. Contains as a percentage of an alkali metal phosphate. In this case, the finally obtained washing

medium an optimally low foaming power in particular at higher temperatures, even up to the boiling point of the washing liquor. Mixtures of fatty acids, which have the latter distribution are obtained by saponification of hydrogenated Marine oils, for example herring oil, menhaden oil and whale oil or hydrogenated rapeseed oil.

By incorporating a foam-suppressing agent consisting of a mixture of a hydrocarbon and the last-mentioned fatty acids and / or their soaps in a detergent formulation according to the invention, a detergent can be obtained which shows a marked reduction in foaming capacity, in particular due to the height of the foam layer, which remains essentially constant over a wide temperature range, proved wild. This temperature range is influenced by the choice of hydrocarbon or fatty acids and / or soaps. The wide range of temperatures, which temperatures comprises from about 20 to above about 8O ⁰ C, is one of the most important properties of the detergent according to the invention, makes them particularly suitable for use in drum washing machines, which is set to various specific temperatures depending on the material to be washed within this range can be.

The ratio between hydrocarbon and fatty acid and / or soap in the foam suppressing Mixture is preferably about 1: 1, but can vary between about 1: 2 and 3: 1, as the case may be properties desired by the end product.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the foam-suppressing mixture can also contain a nonionic synthetic detergent, which is broadly defined as a compound which consists of alkylene oxide groups and a hydrophobic organic part. as nonionic substance can be used, for example, higher alcohols and alkylphenols, which are condensed with 8 to 50 ethylene oxide groups, for example lauryl alcohol or tallow alcohol, which are condensed with about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, or compounds that are soft Implementation of a polyoxydropylene with ethylene oxide are made.

The amount of the ternary foam-suppressing mixture according to the invention (a hydrocarbon, a fatty acid and a nonionic) can be between 0 "," 6 and 30 percent by weight of the total detergent formulation, this amount is preferably in the range from 6 to 20 percent by weight based on the total product. The ratio of the amount of Hydrocarbon to the total amount of the fatty acid radical-containing component and nonionic Substances is preferably 1: 1.

Examples of the synthetic anionic sulfonate detergents to be used in the detergent according to the invention are used are branched or unbranched alkylarylsulfonates, especially those alkylbenzenesulfonates, which have an alkyl group of at least 6 carbon atoms, such as e.g. B. dodecylbenzenesulfonate or alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate.

Examples of synthetic anionic sulfate detergents ind sulfates, which are different from higher fatty alcohols with at least 12 carbon atoms, such as Lauryl alcohol, tallow alcohol, coconut oil alcohol. The sulfates can also be derived from alkylene oxide condensation products derive these higher alcohols or alkylphenols.

The detergent according to the invention can further contain: builders, fillers and normal auxiliaries, such as dirt-suspending agents, R'ec'istoffe or fluorescent dyes.

Examples of such ingredients are silicates, sodium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and nitrium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid. The synergistic effect observed with solutions of the detergents according to the invention can, which in addition to a synthetic sulfate or sulfonate detergent and an alkali polyphosphate a foam suppressing mixture of a hydrocarbon and a fatty acid and / or their soaps and preferably contain a nonionic, can in terms of their foam-suppressing effect in the following way to be shown. A standard solution is prepared which contains an anionic synthetic detergent and contains a condensed polyphosphate in a constant ratio and the foaming behavior of this solution will be under standard conditions according to the inter-'national recognized method by Ross-Miles ("Oil and Soap", 18, 1941, pp. 99 to 102). To The mixture consisting of the fatty acids hardened fish oil and paraffin oil was used with this method or tested without polyoxypropylene ethylene oxide condensate, with a standard solution containing 1 g / l dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 2 g / L tripolyphosphate was used. The foam behavior was then determined; the results are given in Table I. reproduced.

Table I.
Foam height tests (Ross-Miles) at 20 ⁰ C, in hard water (15 ⁰ DH) *)

(g / l used in experiment no.)
I 4 I 5 I 6 I 7 I.

Dodecylbenzenesulfonate

Tripolyphosphate

Sodium soap made from hydrogenated fish oil fatty acids

Polyoxypropylene ethylene oxide

(Molecular weight about 2000)

Paraffin oil

Foam height (cm)

a) immediately

b) after 5 minutes

*) (DH - I ⁰ DH is 1 g CaO per 100 liters of water).

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 0.2 - - 0.1 0.1 - 0.1 0.05 0.05 - - 0.2 - 0.1 - 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 - - - 0.2 - 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.1 20.5 12.5 16.5 15th 10 7th 18th 6th 10 12th 20.5 11th 14th 14th 7th 5 16 4.5 8.5 9.5

The above values show that the foam-suppressing mixture, from the ingredients fatty acids and / or Soaps, a hydrocarbon and preferably nonionics, have a much more pronounced effect on the people The detergent has a lower foaming power than either of these ingredients alone. According to Table I, an optimal reduction in foaming power is obtained when the ratio of Soap is 1: 1 with respect to the total amount of hydrocarbon and nonionic (see Experiment 8). This test also shows that the foam formed has a lower resistance than a foam-pressing one Mixture according to the invention is present in the detergent.

In Table II the synergistic effect is shown which. is achieved when a foam pressing Mixture according to Table I, in which, however, the paraffin is replaced by dodecylbenzene or turpentine oil is used. Except for polyoxypropylene-ethylene oxide adduct as a non-ionic component the foam-suppressing mixture also became the

ίο Influence of nonylphenol / 10 E.O. and lauryl alcohol / 10 E. O. examined on the foaming power of the detergent.

Tables
Foam height tests (R os s-Miles) at 8O ⁰ C in hard water (14 ⁰ DH)

Dodecylbenzenesulfonate ^

Tripolyphosphate ^T ;: .. "..;

Soap pre-hardened fish oil fatty acids ............... ": ...,

Oil of turpentine ., .'.'.-., .. ■ -. ·,

Polyoxypropylene ethylene oxide (molecular weight about 2000)

Nonylphenol / 10 EO:. .. '■ V. V.'. '. V .. ..V ..'. ';., .....

Lauryl alcohol / 10 E. O ....... ",

Foam height (cm) ■ '■''■

immediately ,

after 5 minutes

Time after which the foam height is zero (min) -.;. '.

.1 Concentration in g / l in experiment no. 2 3 V ₂ 1 5 6th 1 7th 1 1 '2 1 1 , 2 1 . 2 2 - 2 2 0.1 2 0.1 0.1 - 0.2 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - 0.1 0.1 -. - .— - " - ■ . - ■■ - - * -. - "- - - - ^: ο, Γ .0.1 -. * - ■ , - - : - ^; - 0.1 2o;.:. - ¹ - \ - 16.5 ,. 16.4; 1.5 ίο: '. " 0 13.5 ' 0 0 '- 0 0 1 0 2V ₂ 2V ₂ 2 1

- - 0.05

Table II continued

Dodecylbenzenesulfonate

Tripolyphosphate

Soap made from hydrogenated fish oil fatty acids ...........

Dodecylbenzene; ^: ..... "....-.-_ .. '.

Turpentine oil

Polyoxypropylene ethylene oxide (molecular weight about 2000)

Nonylphenyl / 10 E. O.: 'J ■ ....'.

Foam height (cm)

immediately; ... ■ y-. ',

after 5 minutes

Time after which the foam height is zero (min)

concentration

l-io I il I

in.g / l. when trying. No. 12 [. 13 1 14

2:

.9Λ! -

0.05

0.05

¹ U

. ι

Ο .. ¹ .
0.05

0.05

10
0

¹ U

ο, ι

0.05
0.05

11th
0

V ₂

1 γ 1 1 .": ■ il · ¹ 2 2 2 ·! _ ■:, 'ü'.l ■ i_u 0.2 ' 0.05 0.05 .— 0.2 0.05 ■ - .. AP ⁵ • ~ ;. 13th 13th 20th 20th 0 0 1 1 1 IV ₂ - -

According to Table II, the incorporation of turpentine oil alone in the dodecylbenzenesulfonate tripolyphosphate mixtures results an immediate foam height of 20 (experiment 15), which drops to 1 after 5 minutes, whereas the incorporation of soap alone under comparable conditions causes an immediate foam height of 18.5 (experiment 2), which drops to zero after 5 minutes. Compared to these values a pronounced synergistic effect is observed when the combination of a particular Soap, the hydrocarbon and optionally a nonionic in the dodecylbenzenesulfonate and Tripolyphosphate-containing mixtures is incorporated, namely in Experiment 8 a maximum Reduction of the foam height, namely to 4, is determined. In addition, the above experiments show

309522/450

that the resistance of the foam through the use of the various foam-suppressing mixtures is so greatly reduced according to the invention that the foam height within 1 minute drops to zero. This is an important property of the detergents according to the invention, since they are used a detergent which gives a reduced foam height, however, a stable foam delivers in a drum washing machine or a similar washing machine with more powerful and faster Movement - in spite of the reduced foaming power per se - an over-foaming will occur when Result of layering the newly formed foam on top of the existing foam, if this has not yet collapsed.

Detergents according to the present invention are generally made by blending synthetic anionic sulphate or sulphonate detergent, alkali polyphosphate, hydrocarbon, the fatty acid (s) and / or one or more soaps and the other additives with water in each any order to a pulp, after which this pulp is homogenized to a high degree. For this Slurry becomes the final solid detergent by heat drying processes such as spray drying or drum drying. Meanwhile, the hydrocarbon becomes advantageous separately incorporated into the pulp of the remaining constituents of the detergent in such a way that a homogeneous Dispersion is obtained. This can be achieved, for example, by stirring in particularly quickly of the hydrocarbon into the slurry. This is advantageously carried out by adding the hydrocarbon containing slurry in a homogenizing apparatus, for example a colloid mill or a similar facility. The most preferable and easiest way to Incorporation of the hydrocarbon into the slurry is a pre-emulsification of the hydrocarbon with the synthetic anionic detergent ingredient, or a part thereof, and subsequent incorporation this emulsion into the pulp while stirring vigorously.

Becomes a detergent in which a hydrocarbon is incorporated by the method described above is dissolved in water, a metastable emulsion is obtained which has a cloudy appearance. He follows Incorporating the hydrocarbon in a different way does not result in a homogeneous dispersion of the Hydrocarbon and accordingly no metastable emulsion, if that's from this pulp manufactured detergent is dissolved in water; in this case the hydrocarbon becomes immediate separate from the aqueous solution as a separate layer, which is disadvantageous for the washing success is. Also, if a liquid hydrocarbon is not well dispersed in the slurry is, the finally obtained dry powdery product exudes the hydrocarbon. the The following examples serve to illustrate the invention.

example 1

A hydrocarbon material made up of liquid paraffin and paraffin wax in a ratio of 1: 1 (which, if desired, can be done at a slightly elevated temperature can) with a part or with the total amount of the dodecylbenzenesulfonate, which in the finished Detergent should be included, emulsified. The emulsion was mixed with an aqueous slurry, containing the other ingredients desired in the end product, mixed. A comparison of the approaches is shown in Table III. The slurry thus obtained was then subjected to spray drying. The powder detergents produced in this way showed excellent foam-suppressing properties.

Table III

¹ S dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Sodium carboxymethyl

cellulose

Sodium tripolyphoid

phat

Sodium silicate

sodium

Sodium sulfate

(anhydrous)

Fluorescent dye ...

Fragrance -.

Sodium perborate

Sodium soaps hardened from fatty acids

Fish oil

Sodium soaps from

Coconut fatty acids ....
Nonylphenol / 10 EO
Polypoxypropylene /

Ethylene oxide (MoI weight about 2000) ..

Paraffin wax

Paraffin oil

humidity

Weight no
1 percent in A
2 14th 13th 1.4 1.2 40
6th
6th 40
6th
5 6th
0.14
0.15
15th 5
0.14
0.15
15th 1 1 - 3 1
1
1
to 100 1
1
1
to 100

1.2

40 6 5

0.14 0.15 15

4 3

1 1 1 to 100

Foam height test (R ο ss - M i 1 es) at 2O ⁰ C in hard water (15 ° DH)

Foam height (cm)

Concentration 5 g / l

Approach No. 112 13

10.0

10.5

Using a drum type washing machine, practical washing tests were carried out with water of 15 ° DH. The washing liquor contained 5.0 g of detergent per liter. In the drawings AF i g. 1, 2 and 3 the graphs of foam height and temperature are shown. In these figures, the ordinate represents the foam height in cm, the abscissa the temperature of the foam in ⁰ C, while the items to be washed are added to the arrows. The curved line represents the height at which foaming occurred. As can be seen from this illustration maintains the foam-suppressing effect over a wide temperature range, namely from about 20 to about 80 ⁰ C to.

Example 2

There were two series of practical washing tests with the following detergent approaches, the one described in Example 1

11th 12th

Process had been prepared, carried out with the washing liquor 5.0 and 6.5 g of detergent, respectively contained per liter. The results of these tests for washing liquors containing 5 g per liter are shown in the curves 1 to 5 of drawing B reproduced, the tests for washing liquor, which is 6.5 g per liter contains, are shown in curves 2 to 8 of drawing C, while curve 1 due to excessive foaming is not determined. The meaning of the coordinate system, the curved line and the Arrow are the same as in example 1. Each curve number corresponds to the same approach number.

Table IV

Dodecylbenzenesulfonate

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose

Tripolyphosphate

Polyphosphate

Sodium silicate

sodium

Fluorescent dye

Sodium sulfate

Sodium perborate

Sodium soaps from fatty acids hardened fish oil

Polyoxypropylene ethylene oxide
(Molecular weight about 2000)

Paraffin oil

Paraffin wax

humidity

in the 2 Work trial used detergent approaches 4th 5 6th 7th 13.2 Weight percent in batch no. 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 1 1.2 3. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 13.2 32.1 13.2 30.1 30.1 30.1 30.1 1.2 13.2 1.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 32.1 6.2 32.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 13.2 - 13.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.2 0.14 6.2 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 - 8.0 - 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 0.14 12.0 0.14 12.0 -12.0 12.0 12.0 8.0 4th 8.0 4th 2 2 1 12.0 12.0 2 1 - - 2 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.7 - 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.7 - zuOO 1 to 100 to 100 to 100 zuOO - 1 to 100 zuOO

10.2 6.2 5.0 0.14 8.0

to

Claims (10)

1 2 Total amounts of the patent claims containing fatty acid radicals: ingredient and synthetic nonionic detergent 1: 1. 1. Detergents and cleaning agents with high 11. Process for the production of a detergent, coarse washing and reduced foaming power 5 according to one or more of the preceding with a content of detergents based on claims by heat drying an aqueous organic anionic sulfates and / or sulfo slurry or of a pulp of detergents, alkali polyphosphates and foam-suppressing ingredients, characterized in that the ingredients, characterized, hydrocarbon first with a part of the that the foam-suppressing mixture of an anionic sulfate or sulfonate detergent emulsynergistically acting mixture of a cohesive and then this emulsion the slurry lenwasserstoff incorporated with a boiling point above 9O ⁰ C. and a fatty acid with about 12 to about 31 carbon lenstoffatomen and / or their alkali soaps. 15 The invention relates to detergents and in particular 2. Detergent according to claim 1, characterized by those which have good coarse washing power indicates that the content of the foaming presses show a conspicuously pressed foaming, as well as one the mixture between 0.6 and 20 weight per process for the manufacture of these detergents. percent of the total detergent formulation. Usual heavy duty detergents, which when using 3. Detergent according to any one of claims 1 20 in paddle wheel washing machines no reason to and 2, characterized in that the coal lawsuit cause difficulties with hydrogen constituent the foam-pressing mi- twist in drum washing machines or such schung from the group consisting of straight-chain washing machines, which these in relation to the strong genes, or branched chain alkanes or alkenes, are similar to movement. The dealkylated in excess Benzene, naphthalene and anthracene 25 swaddling foam not only tends to overflow, and alkylated derivatives and alicyclic carbon but also prevents the movement of textiles Hydrogen is selected. to such an extent that the movement to the egg 4. Detergent according to claim 3, characterized in that effective cleaning is insufficient indicates that the hydrocarbon (so-called "pillow effect"). Part of saturated straight-chain or branched-30 Accordingly, as a result of the introduction of the chain high molecular weight alkanes with a drum washing machine in increasing fashion the Boiling point over 100 ° C. Demand for detergents, which at least 5. Detergent according to one of claims 1, the good coarse washing capacity of the usual washing bis 4, characterized in that the fatty acid agents have, but not the disadvantages of the strong ones constituent of the foam-pressing mixture have fat- 35 foam development. acids and / or their alkali soaps, from As there is one in the soap and detergent industry which is about 60 to about 80% acyl radical with the well known fact that soap, alone or in 16 to 18 carbon atoms and about 20 to about a mixture with free fatty acids, the foaming power 40% acyl radicals with less than 16 carbon- a detergent of the sulfonate or sulfate type, own atoms. 40 especially in hard water, 6. Detergent according to any one of claims 1 should be a solution to the problem to control to 4, characterized in that the fatty acid foaming effect of such a detergent in component of the foam-suppressing mixture fat- incorporating a certain amount of soap into one acids and / or their alkali soaps, be of strong foaming coarse detergent so as to which about 15 to about 30% acyl radicals can be achieved with a low-foaming heavy duty detergent than 18 carbon atoms, about 30 to about men. 60% acyl radicals with 18 carbon atoms and In this direction various attempts have been made about 15 to about 30% acyl radicals with few F undertaken. However, if the addition is too small contain than 18 carbon atoms. a soap or a soap-fatty acid mixture of 7. Detergent according to one of claims 1 50, the foam-reducing effect of the mixture is too low, to 6, characterized in that the ratio against when using too large an amount the amount of hydrocarbon to the amount of such a mixture it is the same after fatty acid or the fatty acids and / or their parts, as experienced with soap powders, Soaps in the foam-pressing mixture, for example, lead to an incrustation of the substances that lead to a 1: 1 is. 55 yellow discolouration of the washed items on 8. detergent according to one of claims 1 leads preservation, foam formation, etc. to 6, characterized in that the foaming There are already attempts to overpressure from the literature Mixture also known a nonionic twist of these difficulties. It was contains synthetic detergent. for example, a combination of 9. Detergent according to claim 8, characterized in that the nonionic synthetic detergents should be used, which is not a very detergent, a Polyoxyäthylenkondensationspro- because it is an uneconomical effort dukt an ethylene oxide with higher alcohols the nonionics in such compositions requires or alkylphenols or with a propylene oxide.
Is propylene glycol condensation product. 65 It has now been found that there is a satisfactory 10. Detergent according to claim 8 or 9, that is a simple and economically attractive process characterized in that the ratio of the amount used to regulate the foaming power of a wash of hydrocarbon in terms of the means based on a synthetic anionic