DE1456411A1 - Drum device - Google Patents

Description

DIPL.-ΙΝβ. M.SC. HÖGER - LEGAL RIGHTS - GRIESSBACH - HAECKER PATENT LAWYERS IN STUTTGART

A 35 215 H.
h - ta
12.7 · 66

Brit, appln.Ho.32148/65

Robert Loudon Aitfcen, St. Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex, England

Drum device

The invention relates to cranes, excavators and the like, and in particular to a device for preventing twisting of a bucket or the like of load hanging from a boom while working, which also prevents twisting of the ropes when the load is hanging on a multi-strand rope that is duroh walk through a block and bear the load

- 2 ~ 909813/0283

A 55 215 h

h - ta

7/12/66 - 2 -

It is already known to remedy this disadvantage in that a spring-loaded rope is connected to the rear end of such a load so as to protect the force couple to counteract the twisting of the hoisting ropes. It is also known to use a spring-driven To use Irommel, which is a stationary tubular Has housing in which a central, rotatable shaft is arranged, which is in drive connection with a cable drum, on which the rope is wound. Bas stationary housing is connected to the boom or to any other part of the device. Between the shaft and the housing is a long coil spring arranged, one end of which with the shaft and the other end with the stationary housing connected is. With the help of this device, tension is exerted on the rope wound on the rope drum, when this is connected with its free end to the load hanging from the boom. The rope is from the drum is withdrawn against the increasing resistance of the helical spring when the load is released and is then opened again ~ wraps and is held under tension by the spring when the load is lifted. Usually with such Devices provided means to automatically disconnect one end of the spring so as to damage the spring Excessive unwinding, due to a broken rope or too tight

- 3 ~ 909813/0283

A 35 215 h

h - ta

7/12/66 - 3 -

To prevent winding, several devices are known to bind to exert this protective effect.

Instead, now _r §ine helical spring to be used is sometimes used a coil spring in the manner of a IJhrenfeder for tensioning the Seilea, wherein the coil spring is generally positioned inside the rope drum.

It should be obvious that the tension exerted by the leather on the so-called pull rope (lag line) when winding the rope does not need to be as great as when it is Transact. The function of the pull ropes is to prevent the load su from twisting, and ea results in ao, daaa any movement of the leat in the twisting direction a movement dea lefeatlgunfepftnktea dea Zugaella at the Laat In gives a direction away from the lugaeiltroaael.

It is enough for the device to function properly but ouch, if the spring eo strong int, daaa dae Sugeell sucked in and wound up on the TrosaMl without that the rope breathes under a great deal of tension, noble But now there is an appropriate spin but prevention of twisting in the manner of an auxiliary braking load on the Tugait1troMa.il we do not give up if the Trotmel only in your approach « direction is rotated. The task now lies with the fulfillment

909813/0283

A 35 215 h

h - ta

12.7 * 66 - 4 -

to support j seeks to provide a device 'üie effect of Peder in an advantageous manner. In the case of spring-driven drum devices for a rope attached to a hanging load, serving to prevent twisting, with a rotatable drum which is connected to a stationary part via a clock spring which has one end in operative connection with the drum and the other end with the stationary Partly connected ₉ this object is achieved according to the invention _P that a friction brake exerting a braking force on the drum is provided and the arrangement is made _{9 so} that when the drum is rotated while increasing the tension of the clock spring - hereinafter referred to as the forward direction - the braking power is higher as if the drum rotates in the opposite direction in the reverse direction ο A preferred construction to achieve this “is to use a permanently coupled brake”, one of which is drive-connected to the drum via an overrunning clutch in such a way that the resistance of the brake is resisted against rotation only takes effect when the overrunning clutch couples the brake to the drum »A pawl and ratchet device is a well-known and simple embodiment of an overrunning clutch, but there are many other usable constructions of such clutches and the specific design depends mostly on the space available in which the parts must be installed «

909813/0283 .. ₅ _

A 35 215 h

h - ta

7/12/66 - 5 -

In a further embodiment, a brake is "better known" Type provided whose braking links are so constructed that (a) when rotating the drum in one direction the frictional contact with the brake pads has a servo effect with an increased Braking torque and that (b) when the drum rotates in the opposite direction, the servo effect is ineffective and little or no braking occurs "

Since commercial overrunning clutches for the transmission of large torques are relatively expensive, it can be advantageous be a different arrangement for very large spring-driven ones To hit drums. In almost all brakes, the force exerted to control the brake is around the brake shoes or to keep a brake band in contact with a brake drum, only a small part of the actual, of braking force generated by the brake. In a modified design, an overrunning clutch is used to control a brake control lever or the like. To be operated when the drum is in the drainage direction is driven so that the brake applies a braking force to the drum.

According to a further feature of the invention, an engages Spring washer or spring member the shaft of the spring drum in such a way that it rotates with it, but at the same time can rotate relative to the shaft if sufficient force

909813/0283

A 35 215 h

h - ta

7/12/66 - 6 -

attacks. The spring washer has a projection which is held between a pair of projections on a stationary member, one of which is a pure stop and the other is a brake switch, so that when the shaft is rotated in the direction of rotation, the projection on the spring member depresses the limit switch ψ , so as to initiate the excitation of an electromagnetic brake acting on the roller, which is automatically released when the direction of rotation of the drum shaft is reversed and the brake switch is released.

Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description in connection with the drawing, which contains exemplary embodiments of the invention * In the drawing demonstrate:

1 shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of a drum device according to the invention ₉

fig. 2 a partial longitudinal section through a second embodiment of the invention,

3 shows a partial longitudinal section through a braking load adjuster for use in the constructions according to Fig. 1 and 2, '

g4
and 5 partial views to show a device for

alternating actuation and releasing of a magnetic brake according to the direction of rotation of the drum shaft, 909813/0283 _ ₇ .

A 35 215 h

h - ta

12.7 * 66 - 7 -

6 shows a partial longitudinal section to show a brake, in which the shoes remain in constant contact with the brake drum and a significantly increased braking torque exercise when the drum shaft is in a certain direction is rotated,

7 shows a partial section along line 7-7 of FIG. _{6 9}

8 shows a partial longitudinal view of a device for actuating a brake control member upon rotation the drum shaft in a certain direction,

Figure 9 is a partial section according to line 8-8 of Figure 8 _o "

10 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of the invention using a coil spring.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the cable drum 1 is on a hub 2 which is connected by a pin 3 to a drum shaft 4, which in turn is connected by a pin 5 is attached to a hollow shaft 6 carrying a spring. The hollow shaft 6 is rotatable within a stationary main housing 7 arranged in which on the hollow shaft 6 a large torsion screw thread 8 is arranged, which with its one find the bottom shaft 6 and its other end is attached to the main housing 7. The connection between the torsion coil spring 8 and the hollow shaft 6 is done with the help of a screw bolt ^ which engages in a ring 10, which at the end

909 8 1 3 / 0.2-8 3 · '/ ■

A 35 215 Il

h - ta

12o7.66 - 8 -

the hollow shaft 6 is fastened, the screw bolt 9 being secured in its position by a grub screw 11 _o The RingiO forms a bearing ring for the hollow shaft 6 and is mounted on a short shaft 12 which is fastened in the end wall of the main housing 7. At the opposite end, the torsion screw spring 8 is anchored to a ring 14, which has a spiral-shaped circumference, so that there is a stop that presses against the end face of a pin 15 which is arranged in the wall of the main housing 7 with a force fit so that the torsion coil spring 8 is automatically released from the main housing when the rope drum 1 rotates extremely quickly, namely when the pulling line 1a breaks

A carrier 16 is fixedly connected to one end of the main housing 7 and has a bearing bush 17 for the drum shaft 4. A braking device 18, which can be a commercially available, standardized structural unit and has a stationary face plate and a brake drum 20, is arranged between the carrier 16 and the cable drum 1. The braking device is shown in detail only in Fig. 3 and has brake shoes which are pressed outwards against the brake drum with a constant pressure, the value of which depends on the longitudinal tension exerted on a control rod 22. The setting of the brake pressure, which is applied by the brake shoes 21 to the brake

909813/028 3

A 35 215 h

h - ta

7/12/66 \ - 9 -

Drum 20 is exercised, can according to the requirements be changed according to Fig.3. The control rod 22 is pivotable connected to a lever 23 which has a stop end 24 for abutment against a stop 25 of the (embossing device 16. The The force exerted on the control rod 22 is provided by a tension spring 26 exercised, which is housed in an additional housing 27 attached to the main housing 7. The tension spring 26 is about a Connecting rod 28 connected to the lever 23 and attached to a Adjusting rod 29 anchored by adjusting nuts 30 and possibly a locking nut not visible from the outside 31 adjustable on an end wall 32 of the additional housing 27 is attached.

Brake drum 20 is firmly connected to a hub 33 which is rotatably arranged on drum shaft 4 and is provided with a bearing bush 34 «. The hub 33 is fixedly connected to a äusse- rj & n coupling member 35 of a freewheeling clutch whose inner coupling member 36 is fixedly connected to the Trominelwelle. 4 The overrunning clutch is only indicated schematically, since its precise construction is not essential for the invention. A seal is required to protect the overrunning clutch '

ι - _w .

37 attached.

The usual and known overrunning clutch with the coupling members 35t 36 acts as a freewheeling device and rotates the Brake drum 20 only when the cable drum 1 in the direction

909 81 3/02 δ 3 - 10 -

A 35 215 h

h - ta

7/12/66 - 10 -

is rotated to pull the cable off the cable drum, the rotation in this direction being accompanied by an increase in the tension of the torsion helical spring 8. When the torsion coil spring 8 drives the cable drum to pull in the pulling line 1a and wind it on the cable drum 1 ₉ , the brake drum 20 is decoupled from the shaft 4 *

In the second embodiment according to Pig.2 is also an overrunning clutch is used between the cable drum 1 and the brake drum 20 * Apart from this, the spring-driven one is used Cable drum essentially the same as in Fig. 1c.

In the type nacii Fig.2 a ratchet disk 42 is on the Brake drum 20 and / or on a modified brake drum hub 43 attached, which is equipped with a bearing bush 44. The pawl disk 42 cooperates with a pawl 45, which is held by the outer cable of a normal rubber torsion bushing 46, which cannot be rotated on a cable drum 1 attached pin 47 is arranged. The rubber torsion bushing serves to resiliently engage the pawl 45 with the pawl socket 42 and to dampen shocks that occur when the rotation of the cable drum is reversed from the pull-in direction arise in the withdrawal direction. The latch can against the

S.

A 35 215 h h - ta 12.7.66

The latch plate can also be pressed on by a standard spring.

As an alternative embodiment, the pawl plate with the cable drum 1 and the pawl with the braking device be connected.

The particular advantage of the present invention is that the pull rope can exert a greater leverage force on the excavator or a similar load with a certain spring size. Optionally, the diameter of the rope drum 1 can significantly be 8 increased compared to prior art designs without increasing the size of the Torsionssohraubenfeder _f the forward assisted hitherto only that the spring tension exerts sufficient train on the pull cable to an excavator bucket or other load from twisting on the pulling rope of the crane or a similar device.

While in the devices described above, the cable drum is wound up by a single spring that is released when the device is pulled off of the rope is tensioned by the drum, it is also possible to use two or more parallel coil springs, each housed in its own housing and with a

909813/020: 3

A 35 215 h Jfi,

h - ta
7/12/66

own shaft are connected. All single waves can can then be coupled to the drum shaft by drive chains or a gearbox. In this case the brake can be applied be attached to the drum shaft, or brakes can also be provided on the individual spring shafts. In all In some cases, a part, preferably the drum, is connected to the associated shaft via an overrunning clutch. Preferably however, the brake is attached to the drum shaft There are a number of other possible variants, but in each case the essential feature is that the brake or brakes only come into effect when the rope is pulled from the rope drum, and that the

The brakes or brakes become ineffective when the rope is under the action of the spring or springs under tension is drawn in "

In the arrangement according to FIGS. 4 and 5, the brake drum 20 is the drum of a magnetic brake that is normally released. In this case, the brake drum 20 is fixed to the cable drum 1 and is either attached directly to the cable drum or wedged onto the drum shaft 4 * The stationary face plate 19 of the brake carries a

909813/0283

Λ3 U56411

A 35 215 h - ta 7/12/66

movement of the magnetic brake controlling microswitch 50 of known construction, and also a stop 51. In one Hat 55 of the hat 35 is a spring steel band 52 arranged, its ends together, for example by means of a small tension spring 54 or possibly by means of a small screw are connected so that the spring steel band 52 is easily clamped on the hub 33, but can slide on it when its upwardly bent ends 55 corresponding to the direction of rotation

the cable drum can be stopped by the microswitch 50 or the stop 51.

It can also be seen that the position of microswitch 50, when the limit switch has normally closed contacts and the stop 51 reversed so that an upwardly directed end 55 in contact with the Switch to de-energize the brake comes when the drum starts to pull in the pull rope, but this is one less questioning construction.

In the arrangement according to FIGS. 6 and 7, similar parts have the the same reference numerals as in the construction according to FIG. Here the braking is effected by the interaction of a brake disk 60 pinned to the cable drum 1 and a

909813/0283

A 35 215 h
h - ta
12.7.66

A plurality of friction elements 61 caused, which are arranged on the wedge-shaped sliding member 62, which on sohrägen, in one Cage arranged rollers 63 can slide. If the cable drum 1 rotates in the direction of movement (see arrow A of Pig. 7) ^ so rise the sliding members 62 of the inclined or inclined rollers 63 under the servo action of the friction elements 61, whereby the Brake disc 60 is detected. Light compression springs 64 maintain contact between the friction elements 61 and the brake disc 60 upright. When the disc 60 rotates in the opposite direction, the frictional contact moves between the disc 60 and the friction elements 61 the sliding members 62 downwards along the inclination of the rollers 63 »and there is no sensible braking effect »

In the construction according to Pig. 8 the brake drum is 20 rigidly attached to the hub 2 of the cable drum, which also carries a sprocket 68, which is connected via a chain 69 with a sprocket 70 is connected, which is arranged on a freewheel 71, which in turn is arranged on a sleeve 72 rotatably provided on a shaft 73. The sleeve 72 carries a Clutch disc which cooperates with a friction lining 74 and a clutch disc 75 which are attached to one another by a spring 76 be pressed. The clutch disc 75 can move freely

909813/0283

A 55 215 η Αζ

h - ta ■ "*

7/12/66

the shaft 75 rotate and has an approach shown in Fig.9, the movement of which is controlled by two stops 80 ,. 81 on the carrier 16 is limited.

When the drum 1 is in the drainage direction according to the Arrow B of Figure 9 rotates, the freewheel 71 connects the Sprocket 70 rigidly with the sleeve 72 and takes over Friction lining 74 with the clutch disc 75 until it. strikes against one of the stops of the carrier 16. This The stop is arranged so that the brake cable 77 attached to the clutch disc 75 covers the desired path has to move the lever 25 to apply the brake * Further rotation of the cable drum results in clutch slip between the clutch surfaces of the clutch disks 72, 74 and 75. The two ends of a tube 78, in which the brake cable 77 slides, are anchored on the carrier 16 ^ If When the cable drum 1 rotates in the opposite direction to arrow B, the freewheel 71 releases the drive connection to the Sleeve 72, and the pull exerted on the brake cable 77 ceases, whereupon the brake returns to its "OFF" position.

Another construction of the spring-driven cable drum according to the invention is shown in FIG. Here are the Parts of the brake and the associated parts are designed in this way -

90 9 813/0283

A 35 215 η fa - ta 7/12/66

As in Pig. 3, with the same or similar ropes with the the same reference numbers are designated in Pig.10 as in Fig.3.

Here the cable drum 1 is connected to a hub 90 which has a bushing 91 so that it turns around a stationary one Drum shaft 92 can rotate, which is attached to a flange 93, which in turn is attached to a suitable part of a crane feat is appropriate.

The cable drum 1 is connected by a flat spiral spring 94 with a ring 95 which is connected to the drum shaft by a Pin 96 is pinned. Between the hub 90 and a sleeve 98 there is an overrunning clutch or a freewheel 97 arranged on which the brake drum is attached. A bearing 99 is provided between the sleeve 98 and the hub 92 «,

-Vf-

909813/0283

Claims (9)

11-24 July 13, 1966 Claims 1 · Spring driven drum assembly for one on one hanging laat, used to prevent twisting rope with a rotatable drum, the is connected to a stationary part via a clock spring, one end of which is in operative connection with the drum and the other end of which is connected to the stationary part, characterized in that a braking force on öie drum (1) exerting friction brake (18) is provided and the arrangement is made such that when the Drum (1) increasing the tension of the clock spring (8) in the hereinafter referred to as the forward direction - the braking power ho & r is as when the drum (1) rotates in the opposite direction in the reverse direction (Fig. 1). 2. Drum device according to claim 1, characterized in that {if) that the friction brake is ineffective during reverse rotation is (Pig. 1). 3. Drum device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a coupling member (36) of the overrunning clutch (35, 36) attached at least indirectly to the drum (1) and the other coupling member (35) to the friction brake (18), is arranged (Fig. 1). 4 drum device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the overrunning clutch (42, 45) a ratchet wheel (42) and a pawl (45) (Fig. 2). 90 9 813/0283 A 35 215 h July 13, 1966 5. Drum device according to one of the preceding claims » characterized in that the friction brake (18) is arranged on a shaft (4) carrying the drum (1) and an overrunning clutch (35 · 36) having two coupling members is provided» which the drum (1 ) with the friction brake (18) coupled in terms of drive when the drum (1) rotates in the forward direction (Fig. 1). 6. drum device according to one of the preceding claims »characterized» that the overrunning clutch (18) between the drum (1) and the stationary part (7) is arranged and a device which can be actuated by the overrunning clutch (18) (77 * 23) is provided, which operates the friction brake (18) during the rotation of the drum (1) in the forward direction (Figures 8, 9). 7. drum device according to one of the preceding claims » (h (T _t bl _f bV characterized in that the Reibungsbr one e ^ built of the type is that the frictional interaction of the brake lining (61) takes place with the other coupling member (62, 63) in one direction of rotation in the manner of a servo effect (Fig. 6, 7). 8. drum device according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the friction brake is a magnetic brake (18) is and rotatably on the shaft (4) a shaft (4) slightly encompassing belt (52) is arranged, at least one of which Projection (55) arranged between a stationary stop (51) and a stationary limit switch (50) which idt the 909813/0 283 A 35 215 h July 13, 1966 Magnetic brake (18) controls and activates the shaft (4) in a rotational direction (Pig. 4, 5). 9. drum device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rotatable shaft (4) is arranged in a stationary housing (7) which extends over the housing (7) protrudes with one end »on which the drum (1) is attached, and that the clock spring, in particular as a helical spring (8), is arranged in the housing (7), one of which End with the shaft (4) and the other end with the housing (7) is connected. 909813/0283