DE1452230B2 - Lubrication when extruding metals and alloys - Google Patents

Description

3 4

While it was previously of the opinion that one had to arrange chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium borate, sodium phosdene lubricant supply in large quantities, if possible phate, soda water glasses, lithium carbonate, close to the calibrating part of the die, homely window glass, special glasses or mixtures, according to the invention, basically proceed as follows individual or all of these substances,
that before the start of extrusion the entire 5 The selected lubricant is placed in the appropriate lubricant supply laterally in a limited, intermediate amount on the outer surface of the press block, onto the sensor, the press block and the measure. After the pressing block has been introduced into the space provided for the trizeneingang. The lubricant, which then becomes liquid, becomes the receiver. This space is to be designed in such a way that the press block is held back during the middle at the contact line between the die and the press under the effect of the press pressure.

forced lubricant inevitably a thin addition you can between the press disk and

Forms film between the extrusion and the die. the rear face of the press block lubricant in

The invention relates to lubrication in the form of a disk or the like. During the Extruding metals and alloys at high pressures, this melts and merges with the Temperature through a die with a toric 15 concave between the press block and the inner wall of the transducer Die entrance, being before the start of the closed lubricant.

Extrusion of the press block by appropriate The further description takes on the schematic

Shaping between the transducer, the press block, see drawings for reference.

and the die entrance a preferably glass-like Fig. 1 is a known extrusion assembly

Includes lubricant that is at working temperature during pressing.

door forms a liquid or viscous amount, from Fig. 2 shows an arrangement according to the invention

when pressing a thin film with the metal strand before pressing begins.

is squeezed out, characterized in that between Fig. 3 and 4 show details before jind during

see the inner wall of the transducer and the pressing of the pressing with an arrangement according to FIG. 2.
block jacket a closed off by the press disk 25 To explain the invention, the known lubricant-filled clearance of 3 to 8% of the mode of operation is used for comparison. Fig. 1 shows billet diameter comprised of all of a known arrangement for hot extrusion of lubricant, the transition zone from having glass lubrication during pressing. On the forehead of the press block in its jacket toric holder 1 one sees the warm, already partially convex shape and the generatrix of the overpressed press block 2. The play between the press block transition zone, the generatrix of the die entrance and receptacle goes up to 4% of their greed. '/ · Knives. On the press block 2 is by means of

On the basis of the experimentally obtained value of the press disk 3 and the value connected to the main piston the optimal, for the appropriate implementation of which press ram 4 exerted pressure. The die 5 The amount of lubricant required for extrusion molding is in the matrix medium held by the counter disk 7 If the content of the room is set, it is placed in the central support 6. The one connected with the press the lubricant becomes trapped. To during abutment of the counter disc 7 is not shown, the extrusion an exactly constant flow of the between the die 5 and the end face of the press lubricant To ensure that the blocks 2 are also located the vitreous lubricant outline of the press block and the die set. 40 mass 8, which is originally solid and when touched These are, among other things, from the one to be pressed with the press block that melts on the surface, Metal, from the lubricant, from the dimensions then by the removal of lubricant of the press block and of those of the extruded strand and the surface of the pressed strand 9 addicted. coated with a thin layer of lubricant 10.

Due to the toric-convex transition zone from the 45, a thin layer of lubricant 11 front of the press block in its jacket is provided between press block 2 and transducer 1, with a toric-concave die entrance from the outset which reduces the friction on the inner wall of the transducer during an adjustment and a transition reduced to a favorable advancement of the press block,
shaped annular gap in which a lubricating wedge is formed In the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 for the

forms. 50 implementation of the invention is the game between

In the case of the lubrication according to the invention, the transducer 1 and the press block 2, or the outflow ratios of the lubricant dominate the difference in diameter, 3 to 8% of the diameter and success no longer depends on the press speed of the press block. The transition zone from the front one speed dependent, but solely on the selection of the end face of the press block 2 to the press block jacket is to-lubricant and from the design of the smear-convex 55. The entry part of the die medium pantry. 5 has the Foim of a shell 14, the surface of which on the

The invention is also applicable to the extrusion of line of contact 16 on the toroidal surface 13 rod-tubes or hollow rods can be used. This is applied in tial. Before the introduction of the press block 2 in the In a known manner, a press block with a bore is placed on the circumference of the press block turns and the bore and / or the mandrel such as 60, the lubricant 17 is applied. Customary after the introduction provided with lubricant. Ren of the press block is the lubricant 17 in the

As a lubricant, salts can be used which, with the space 12 limited by the press disk 3, contain any metals present under the given conditions and exceed this - in which the conditions do not react, and the pressing direction indicated by the arrow - not the ^r working temperature become liquid, but not gasify 65 contact line 16. The extrusion takes place in overexploitation or evaporation, as well as glasses and enamels, licher way by means of the ram 4 and the Preßdie at this temperature in the viscous state disk 3. The working temperature causes before Skip the beginning. Examples are: barium - the actual pressing the melting of the

5 6

The lubricant stored in the shackle 17. The pressure of the press through the press disk was 1000 t

Disk 3 exerted on the rear face of the press.

blocks 2 pressure exerted presses the press block closed- The press block was made of steel (AFNOR Z6CND

together, and the lubricant exceeds 17, from 17.1; Aisi 316; Material no. 440) and had the following

taken along the molding compound, line XVI, where 5 composition: C <0.08; Si <1; Mn <2 \ Ni 11

it the molding compound during its passage through to 14; Cr 16 to 18; Mo 2 to 3; Remainder iron.

Shell 14 and the die 5 with a thin skin. Further process conditions were:

covers. Compression ratio 36

In FIGS. 3 and 4, on an enlarged scale, the deformation resistance is 21.8 kg / mm *

the states before and during the pressing in the axial io pressing temperature 1220 ⁰ C

sections shown. The curve AB is about the sym temperature of the transducer! '. ".30O ⁰ C

Metric longitudinal section of the transition zone between temperature of the interface

the cylindrical part of the press block 2 ^, 2 and its pickup / pressing block about 920 ⁰ C

front face 2 ₂ . The curve CDEF corresponds to the viscosity of barium chloride

a longitudinal section of the inner surface of the die 5. 15 920 ⁰ C 1000 poise

Both curves touch at 16, so that the thickness of the die on the press block

At the end of the transition zone the generating line of the matri- fused barium chloride layer 0.65 mm zenemgangs affected. The pantry for that before

The extrusion-enclosed lubricant 17 Without any difficulty, a strand was made of is the clearance 12, which was pressed on the one hand by the press 20, the disc 3 coated with a 0.1 mm thick film and on the other hand was according to the limit.
^ 4-16-C is complete. Example 2

As soon as the press block 2 in the transducer 1 under the. . _T. .,,. , _{in0 /} ". _{1n0 /} .,

Action of the press disk 3 against the die 5 ^ ^u * ^e _o ^me '^ ^enmg ' · ^β -ίΐ ^ ? ^% ' l · ΐ °

is squeezed, the included * 5 ™ ^d * °% fills. ^Nb 'r ^{rde ei} "7" ^ ° ¹ I ^st ™ gS ^e P ^reßt ' *?

Lubricant 17 the space between the press block 2, ^{the d} ^^ ^e / f ^three , ^S _t ^chenk _P ^{el each 25} , ' ⁶ T ^u _f ^{nd die}

the transducer 1 and the die 5. In the rest of the Schenkeld.cke was 6.4 mm. It was under the following

The line of contact XVI is pressed according to the following conditions:

DEF die entry shifted. During the press pick-up diameter 102 mm

sens migrates a lubricant film 18, from the 3 ° block diameter 98 mm

exerted pressure and pushed from the squeezed block length 153 mm

Strand 19 taken along along the calibrating used force of the extruder 1300 t

Part DF of the die 5 and covers the extrusion deformation ratio 18

th strand 19 uniformly with a coherent punch speed 250 mm / sec.

lowering film 20. 35 run-out speed 4.5 m / sec.

To further explain the invention, the length of 3 m produced follows

examples of management with numerical information. Duration of extrusion 0.6 sec.

Block temperature 183O ° C

^at P ^{iel l sensor temperature} 450 ° C

In a receiver of 122 mm in inner diameter 4 ° C die temperature 300 ⁰

was a press block 300 mm long and 115 mm ". . ... " ₀ ,", -xinnnn · u · oan ° n

Crimped diameter. A die was used ^ _n ??? ¹⁶ " ¹¹ !"? = ⁵⁰ ^ nST T- S "'

det, which in the section EF has a circle diameter of ⁵⁰ % television glass with 1000 poise at 1090 C.

20 mm. As an intermediately stored lubricant, the rear sealing of the transducer was carried out

barium chloride was applied in an amount of 300 g by means of a press disk made of graphite

applies that to the circumference of the press block in front of its 101 mm diameter.

Introduction to the transducer were applied. The pressed product had a good surface.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (1)

1 2 Borrowed shape of this lubricant supply constantly patent claim : changes and this creates changeable and difficult conditions to be controlled. You could Lubrication when extruding metals to achieve industrially beneficial results in practice and alloys at high temperature through a 5 die, however, had to take special precautions with a toric-concave matrix. E.g. you have to use the extrusion inlet, adjust the speed very precisely before starting the extrusion process. Once this too If the press block is shaped accordingly, the lubricant cannot run out the susceptor, the press block and the corresponding amount melt, so that a complete Die entrance a preferably glass-like io protection of the die and the strand does not guarantee lubricant includes that is at work. It then comes to an excessively high temperature a liquid or viscous amount forms, len wear of the die and defects in the from which during pressing a thin film with the strand surface. If the speed is too slow Metal strand is squeezed out, then too much lubricant melts, instead of indicates that between the inner wall 15, the metal with a coherent equal des To cover the transducer and the press block jacket with a moderate amount of skin, penetrate the press block the press disk is more fully lubricated and pressed with it. Here arise Medium-filled margin of 3 to 8% of the press - unusable strands, the cavities, scars and the like. block diameter consists of the entire have on the surface. Lubricant includes, the transition zone 20 It should also be noted that the only at high from the front of the press block in its jacket temperatures pressable metals and alloys toric-convex and the generatrix of a relatively poor thermal conductivity and Transition zone the generating line of the die - a narrow temperature range of the forging passage affects. which, if the temperature is insufficient, 25 turhomogeneity during extrusion a different flow in the central and peripheral part of the press block occurs. The temperature gradient between the central and peripheral part of the press block is created by the fact that the transducer and the die are very much The invention relates to lubrication when the strand must be kept at a lower temperature when pressing of metals and alloys at high through the press block in the vicinity of these parts one Temperature. .>. Suffers cooling. Because of the poor thermal conductivity It is known that during hot extrusion of the high-temperature metals, the temperature or alloys between the press block and temperature compensation in the press block are too slow to introduce a vitreous lubricant into the die Working temperature partially or completely outer opening of the die melts during pressing, but remains viscous and is closed as a thin breakable sheet metal insert and pressed out on film with the metal strand. To this bleach insert a lubricant tablet is placed lubricating the inner wall of the transducer it is going to. The rear end of the susceptor is known by hermetically sealing the press block prior to its insertion into the 40 with a sealing insert. In front of transducer with a thin layer of a vitreous start of the actual pressing, the lubricant-lubricant will be encased. During the extrusion process, the medium tablet melted and the lubricant should be removed from the tubes, a layer of glass was also placed between the mandrel in the annular space between the receiver and the press block and the bore of the press block. climb up so that it is around the press block and so far one worked with a die with a flat or a funnel-shaped or concave input surface distributed completely homogeneously on the die surface, where is. This can only be achieved if the sensor and the cold mass of lubricant, for example in the form of a die, are heated beforehand to the appropriate temperatures on the disk between the warm press block and the cold one, because otherwise the lubricant would have been inserted into the die. Also known is an arrangement, in particular during the ascent path in the annular space, in which those facing each other before the start of the press solidify again and could not be distributed homogeneously over the end faces of the press block and the die both over the entire press block surface. Because of the conical design, however, the cone angle stability of the tools should be a Aufbeim press block smaller than with the die. Here- heating the same at most to about 600 ° to be portable by a radially widening created and during pressing of the high temperature metals upper space for a lubricant stock 55/2 of 1000 ⁰ C would this method does not anwendes prevents the lubricant to leave bar. It is also to be considered that the lubricant flows off. Under these conditions, the lubricant viscosity, adapted to the pressing temperature, protects the die and supplies it under the influence of which must be, that is, at the pressing temperature, the pressed strand is filled with vitreous lubricant - a certain medium, which is not too high and not too low, that in the extent to which the strand must be reached through the viscosity. A lubricant that enters the die must melt. To this extrusion z. B. at 1500 ⁰ C has the required viscosity to carry out the process, a low one is sufficient at 600 ⁰ C will still be in the solid state.
Amount of glass and, in the case of the known lubricant, it is the object of the invention to control the outflow ratio arrangements almost the total amount of the lubricant in and one of the lubricants set on the die. Through the lubrication independent of the pressing speed, the continuous melting and removal of the lubricating die can be achieved and, in addition, sufficient means from the heat insulation of the press block, which is fixed in front of the die, against the supply of lubricant, will ensure the volume and the inner wall of the spacer.