DE1245208B - Self-igniting, air-compressing reciprocating piston injection internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

Self-igniting, lift-compression reciprocating piston injection internal combustion engine The invention relates to a self-igniting, air-compressing reciprocating piston injection internal combustion engine with a rotational body-shaped combustion chamber, around the longitudinal axis of which the combustion air executes a strong rotating movement and on the wall of the fuel in the direction the rotating air is sprayed on. A well-known injection and mixture formation process assumed in which the fuel from one in the cylinder head arranged injection nozzle as a thin film on the wall of the combustion chamber and at the same time the inflowing air is given such a rotary motion that it thereby the fuel is gradually detached in vapor form from the combustion chamber wall, with the Air is mixed and burned.

The invention has for its object to improve the cold start of the prerequisite here the internal combustion engine, and also to support the self-ignition to speed as well as the combustion process and the emission of harmful exhaust gas content materials as low as possible.

To solve these problems, it is proposed according to the invention that in In a manner known per se, an essentially annular, radial one in the combustion chamber Insert body having arms is arranged and that the insert body is parallel is suspended to the wall of the combustion chamber and that the axis of symmetry of the insert body coincides with the axis of rotation of the air vortex and a subset of the fuel is sprayed onto the annular part of the insert body.

It is known that the temperature, gas pressure and gas velocity conditions which are repeated periodically during the starting process mean that the insert body is heated up relatively quickly after a few revolutions when the machine is started. If the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber shortly before piston top dead center is reached, the heat potential stored in the insert causes a spontaneous initial ignition and thus the desired acceleration of the starting process even at low combustion chamber wall and outside temperatures while largely avoiding exhaust gas opacity. Since the temperature of the insert and thus its heat radiation increase in the partial load and full load range of the machine, the course of the reactions is significantly accelerated during the actual combustion process, which is of particular importance and therefore a particular advantage in the high-speed internal combustion engines used today. In addition, an insert body shaped and arranged in this way does not have any significant aerodynamic influence on the air and gas flows occurring during the work process. As is known, the fuel jet expands conically at the beginning of the fuel injection; it strikes the inner surface of the insert body with a jet edge part that can be determined in advance, this fuel portion being guided along the inner surface of the insert body under the effect of the directed air flow. These fuel droplets or the fuel mist are thus partially subject to a pre-reaction; they then come to ignition after an ignition delay shortened in this way, whereupon the ignition, the remaining wall-mounted fuel component, i.e. H. of the fuel portion evaporated from the combustion chamber wall is introduced.

A high-temperature steel with a temperature resistance of between 700 and 9000 C is suitable as the material for this insert body. This ensures operational safety while at the same time permitting the possibility of elastic deformation.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is also proposed that one or more catalysts known per se, preferably in strip form, be applied to the insert body. This makes it possible to always keep a temperature field that is optimal for the effectiveness of a suitable catalyst and also to utilize a certain self-cleaning effect. In addition, the exhaust gas can quality by such catalysts, namely the presence of occurring in traces, adverse health compounds such as perylene or Benzypren be improved.

As for the prior art in terms of use as far as an insert body is concerned, it has been proposed in an antechamber diesel machine, at the transition between the cubic capacity and the combustion chamber a sieve-like, perforated, strip-shaped To attach insert. However, this mission is an outspoken one Heating insert so that the heavy fuel used here, such as coal tar oil, can be ignited more easily. In addition, in contrast to the subject of the application an impact of fuel particles on the insert can be avoided because otherwise, according to the inventor of the German patent, the insert is constantly cooled and decomposition phenomena of the fuel occur, which are harmful Lead to deposits. Any suggestions on transferring one or the other Measures on the subject of the application are therefore in the known publication not included.

Furthermore, an internal combustion engine has become known, in the combustion chamber of which is located in the cylinder head an annular insert body equipped with radial arms is housed. However, the position of this insert body in relation to the injection nozzle is chosen so that the angle of impact of the fuel on the surfaces of the ring is approximately 901 ° C. throughout. When the fuel deflected by a central part of the insert body hits the ring-shaped part, the fuel is intended to be partly finely atomized and partly evaporated. This is intended to achieve complete mixing of fuel and air.

Finally, there is a self-igniting, air-compressing internal combustion engine became known with fuel injection into a combustion chamber arranged in the piston, in which one is adapted to the shape of the fuel jet and warms up during operation Insert body is attached, the fuel at least partially for evaporation brings. It is true that the known insert body as well as the subject of the application should the ignition delay is shortened and favorable cold start values are achieved; however exist in terms of the structure and arrangement of this insert body compared to the Registration subject significant differences. The insert body is located here across the squeeze air flow; it therefore offers resistance to the flow of air and is therefore disadvantageous from an aerodynamic point of view. They also form on top of the air flow remote side of the insert body air vortex. In both cases this will result the mixture formation and the combustion process unfavorably influenced. All the more so as in the known engine, direct fuel-air mixing is provided which is then distributed irregularly over the combustion chamber volume and a bad one Combustion results. In addition, the known internal combustion engine lacks the Thought as well as the possibility for the injection of the insert body in prospect taken fuel fraction by a corresponding specification and arrangement of the Specify insert body beforehand.

The invention is shown schematically in the drawing using the example of an injection internal combustion engine with a rotational body-shaped combustion chamber arranged in the piston. It shows F i g. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the center of a piston combustion chamber, FIG . 2 shows a cross section through the middle of the combustion chamber and the middle of the insert body according to section II-II of FIG. 1, and F i g. 3 the planar development of a ring sector element located between two brackets with a curve representation of the temperature profile.

In Fig. 1 and 2, 1 denotes the piston and 2 denotes the injection nozzle, from the nozzle mouth 3 of which the conical fuel jet 4 with axis 5 is directed onto the wall 6 of the combustion chamber 7, which is spherical in this case.

An annular insert body 8 is suspended coaxially in this combustion chamber 7 by means of brackets 9, 10-, 711 and 12, this annular body being kept narrow in cross section and having, for example, a raised outer surface 13 and a flat inner surface 14. The height of this insert body 8 is designated with 15 and its greatest wall thickness with 16 . The constricted neck of the combustion chamber is denoted by 17 , while a pyramidal elevation 18 is provided on the bottom of the combustion chamber 7 for deflecting air.

As can be seen from the representations according to FIG. 1 and 2, the fuel jet 4 expands in a known manner in a conical shape after leaving the injection bore 3. Here, a segment of the jet cone with an essentially circular cross section is peeled off from the suspended insert ring body. There are in this case the fuel particles, the order of magnitude of about 5 make up to 10% of the quantity of fuel injected on the Innenfläche14 of Einsatzkörpers8, in a a gradient of experience has shown that 1-7 to 1: passed 10 having helical path. In the illustrated embodiment of the insert body, a fuel particle would move about once over the inner circumference of the ring and pass through zones of higher and lower temperatures four times due to the four brackets 9, 10, 11 and 12, which dissipate heat and thus act as temperature sinks.

FIG. 1 serves to illustrate these temperature zones. 3. So far it has been explained how the temperature of the annular insert body 8 is raised during the start-up of the machine. This temperature increase takes place when the engine is running, i. H. under part load and full load, to an increased extent. The temperature profile of the temperature spectrum, which is shown in the illustration of FIG. 3 is still drawn in, plays an important role.

In Fig. 3 , the piston is again indicated at 1 , while 10 and 11 designate two adjacent holders, between which the middle part of a sector element of the annular insert body 8 , which is developed in one plane, can be seen. With 6 the wall of the combustion chamber 7 is shown . The different temperatures at the different load conditions are illustrated by curves, namely curve a shows the temperature profile during the starting process, curve b the temperature conditions at idle and curve c the temperature at full load.

It can be seen that higher temperatures are set in the middle between two holders of the insert body, while lower temperatures are set in each of these holders. Like the average temperatures of the insert body, the temperature differences are also load-dependent and can be determined, for example, by the number, the type of material and the dimensions of the brackets 9 to 12 and also by the circumference and the cross section of the annular insert body 8 .

As with the starting process, the fuel jet now emerges from the injection nozzle and a certain part of the resulting fuel mist becomes in the here Embodiment shown peeled off the ring, in a screw path over the Inner surface of the ring, where even the fuel droplets are part of a Subject to pre-reaction, possibly activated by the applied contact compound and finally after an ignition delay shortened in this way come. Then the ignition of the rest of the fuel is initiated.

Because of the adaptability inherent in the insert body, it is possible the ignition and subsequent combustion of macromolecular hydrocarbons by controlling the pre-reactions as well as highly knock-resistant fuels high aromatic and benzene content and / or TEL content, (which latter refers to the as Admixture of tetraethyl lead to hydrocarbons for the purpose of Increase of the knock resistance decreases), by activation by means of suitable contact masses to influence in a positive sense. Likewise, it becomes so possible through that the required high compression ratios and the advantages resulting therefrom, e.g. B. better air utilization, the lighter construction, among other things. m. to attain.

Claims (2)

Claims: 1. Self-igniting, air-compressing reciprocating-piston injection internal combustion engine with a combustion chamber in the form of a rotational body, about the longitudinal axis of which the combustion air executes a strong rotary motion and on the wall of which the fuel is sprayed in the direction of the rotating air, characterized in that in a manner known per se in the combustion chamber ( 7) a substantially annular, radial arms (9, 10, 11, 12) having insert body (8) is arranged and that the insert body is suspended parallel to the wall (6) of the combustion chamber (7) and that the axis of symmetry of the insert body with the matches the rotation axis of the air vortex and a portion of the fuel on the annular portion of the insert body (8) is injected aufgeg b. 2. Injection internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more catalysts known per se, preferably in strip form, are applied to the annular insert body (8). Considered publications: German Patent Nos. 703 079, 865 683, 964 365; German interpretation document M234731a / 46a2 (published August 30, 1956); Swiss Patent No. 297 140; USA. Pat. No. 1,150,084.