DE1244324B - Process for operating a tapping gas generator and gas generator for its implementation - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. CL:

ClOj

German: 24 e-3/04

Number: 1244 324

File number: G 39738 VT b / 24 e

Filing date: January 30, 1964

Opened on: July 13, 1967

The invention relates to the operation of gas generators referred to for short as tapping gas generators Type in which in a shaft a dormant layer of an ash-containing, solid, carbon-containing Fuel, e.g. B. coal or coke, expediently under pressure with the aid of a gasification agent is gasified, which is in the lower part of the fuel filling from a plurality of nozzles around the lower part of the inner wall of the shaft of the gas generator are distributed, is introduced. The gassing is carried out at such a high temperature that the ashes are under the fuel filling collects in liquid form. Fresh fuel is continuously fed to the layer, and the liquid ash is continuously discharged from the lower part of the gas generator. As "continuous" is within the scope of the invention both the uninterrupted and the intermittent feed of fuel or discharge of liquid ash.

The nozzles for introducing the gasification agent can be water-cooled and protrude a short distance from the inner wall of the gas generator into the fuel filling. This wall can be made of refractory material or it can be water-cooled. A mixture of water vapor and / or carbon dioxide with oxygen or oxygen-enriched air can serve as the gasification agent. The speed at which the gasifying agent emerges from the nozzles determines the extent to which it penetrates the fuel charge. It is difficult to set a speed so that the gasifying agent is distributed with sufficient uniformity over the cross-sectional area of the gas generator shaft, since the speed limits are relatively narrow. Furthermore, the variation in the throughput of the gas generator would be undesirably restricted if one were to operate within these limits. If the speed is below these limits, the penetration of the fuel filling is poor and the gasification takes place preferentially in the outer area of the layer next to the inner wall of the shaft (hereinafter referred to as "peripheral gasification"), whereby liquid ash can solidify at the cooled nozzles and obstructs the outflow of the gasifying agent. If the speed is above these limits, the gasification takes place preferentially in the middle area of the layer (hereinafter referred to as "central gasification"). In this case, a cavity or a space insufficiently filled with fuel can be provided in front of one or more of the nozzles
Tapping gas generator and gas generator to its
execution

Applicant:

The Gas Council, London

Representative:

Dr.-Ing. A. v. Kreisler, Dr.-Ing. K. Schönwald,
Dr.-Ing. Th. Meyer and Dr. JF Fues,
Patent attorneys, Cologne 1, Deichmannhaus

Named as inventor:

Dennis Hebden,

John Aldwyn Lacey,

Solihull, Warwickshire (UK)

Claimed priority:

Great Britain January 31, 1963 (4118)

stand in which liquid ash comes into contact with the relatively cool gasification agent, can be cooled and solidified, thereby facilitating the passage and distribution of the Gasification agent is hindered.

The object of the invention is to improve the distribution of the gasification agent over the cross-sectional area of the gas generator shaft and to avoid the disadvantages described above.

The invention relates to a method for operating gas generators of the type described above Way according to which the supply of the gasification agent simultaneously from a TeE of the Nozzles at a rate at which preferential central gasification would occur and through which remaining nozzles is carried out at a rate at which preferential peripheral gasification takes place would, and the rate at which the gasifying agent exits each nozzle, periodically from one of the above speeds is changed to the other so that a predominance the central gasification or the peripheral gasification and an obstruction of the flow of the Gasification agent can be avoided by solidifying the ash near the nozzles and each

709 610/204

3 4

Speed change no change of the total can occur, valves for switching the total Amount of flow rate supplied from all nozzles for each nozzle from one gassing agent causes. Speed on the other and a timer

As the speed of the nozzle alignment device for periodic actuation of the valves

occurring gasification agent directly proportional to the 5 provided at predetermined time intervals. Of the Speed at which the gasification agent gas generator is expedient with feed device

fed through the nozzle, d. H. the pro newspapers, with the help of which it is possible to

unit is supplied, the gasoline can be dispensed from half of the nozzles at the same time

speed by regulating the number of trains per unit of time at a certain speed and from one

led amount of gasifying agent regulated io group passing through the other half of the nozzles

will. is formed at a different rate

So that every periodic change can be let out from one entry, and valves at the same time

speed to the other no fluctuation in the switching of each group from one to the other

total amount of outflow velocity supplied by all nozzles. To this end

Gasifying agent caused, the ratio must be 15, the feed devices from one

the number of nozzles in the one speed main line, two line systems for supply

working speed, to the number of the other amount of gasifying agent from the main line

speed working nozzles before and after practically the same speed to the two

be the same with every change. During the nozzle groups, an additional line system

However, gassing can use the total amount of all 20 to supply additional gasifying agent

Gasification agent supplied to nozzles by supplying from the main line to each nozzle group and

Change in the total amount of valves supplied to the nozzles, which can be operated in such a way that the

of the gasification agent can be changed, however, the additional piping system is alternating with the

it is customary, at least for a certain period of time, to connect one or the other nozzle group

to keep the total amount constant in order to become a steady 25 can consist.

and fluctuation-free discharge from the gas. The term "gasification" denotes in the sense

to ensure producers. the invention any reaction between a solid

A simple and beneficial method of using carbonaceous fuel and a gas (after performing of the speed change consists of standing referred to as gasification means), whereby from therein, one made up of half of the nozzles 30 the carbonaceous material of the fuel Group with the one speed and one of or more gases are formed, d. H. Products, of the other half of the nozzles, the group that exists at normal pressure and normal temperature in the operate at the other speed and be in the gaseous state, e.g. B. carbon dioxide, each group at the same time from one speed - hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane or ethane. as 35 Gasifying agent can, for example, be oxygen switch. The nozzles that make up each group are or air alone or mixed with water vapor which are advantageously selected so that each and / or carbon dioxide can be used. Even Side of each nozzle of the one group a nozzle of hydrogen is suitable.

other group is located. The maximum period of time, the gasification can be carried out under normal pressure during which the two nozzle groups at their 4 °, but overpressure is preferred, respective speeds are operated if the throughput is to be increased,
must not lead to the formation of predominant An embodiment of the process according to central gasification or predominantly peripheral of the invention and a gasification for its implementation or the flow of the suitable gas generator is shown in the figures gassing agent by solidification of ash in FIG.
Close to the nozzles. F i g. 1 shows schematically in vertical section

The maximum time intervals after which the lower part of the gas generator and the switching on from one speed to the associated lines for supplying the gasification to the other must take place in order to avoid a disturbance of the flow means;

tion of the gasification agent by solidification of 50 F i g. FIG. 2 is a cross section taken along line 2-2 of FIG

To avoid ash near the nozzles depends on Fig. 1.

on the speed of ash formation, the The gas generator has an outer jacket 1, the

in turn, is primarily lined with the ash content of the refractory material 2. Of the

carbonaceous fuel and throughput stove 3 is with an outlet 4 for discharging the

of the gas generator depends. The higher the ash content 55 liquid ash provided. Six nozzles, one of which

and the higher the throughput, the shorter the three through the number 5 and the other three through

maximum time intervals and vice versa. In general, the number 6 are marked with the same

mean, these maximum time intervals are arranged at intervals from one another in such a way that they

Range from 15 seconds to 5 minutes. half of the zone in which the liquid ash collects

The invention further comprises a gas generator, fio melt, projecting into the shaft of the gas generator. That which is suitable for carrying out the gasification means described above is the three nozzles 5 of a benen method. This gas generator is supplied with a ring line 7, which is distributed around the outside of the gas generator with a plurality of nozzles that run around the lower part and the nozzles 6 from a similar inner wall of its shaft. The lines 7 and 8 contain guiding devices with the aid of which the gasifying agent 65 exits from a main line 9 and from some of the nozzles of the three branch lines 10, 11 and 12 at the same time. The branch line 12 with a certain speed and from the branch line 10 is connected to the ring line 7 and the remaining nozzles at a different speed with the ring line 8 in connection.

Claims (7)

5 6 manure. The branch line 11 leads to a switchover, the fuel can be carried out by a valve 13, which is in one position, the lock in Fig. 2, which has an inlet at the top is shown, the line 11 is connected to a ring of the shaft, inserted and line 7 leading line 14 connects and one through the melted ash in a similar manner Line 15, which leads to the ring line 8, of which 5 is a lock, which is connected to the outlet opening 4 Line 11 disconnects. If the valve 13 is in a clockwise connection, discharged, is rotated by 90 °, it connects the line 11 to line 15 and separates line 14 from r> · · R the line 11. ⁼ example The amount of gasification agent which is supplied per time in a gas generator of the type shown in the drawing through the lines 10 and 12 to the line, the shaft of which is fed through an inner passage 7 and 8, is practically the same, diameter of 2.30 m, was a coal with and the amount of gasification agent, which is fed from an ash content of 10 percent by weight and a line 11 alternately through the lines 14 grain size of 13 to 25 mm under a pressure or 15 to the ring lines 7 and 8, 15 out of 20 atmospheres with a gasification agent is set so that the quantities that are alternately gasified, which are supplied to the ring lines from a mixture of 1.2 parts by volume, consisted of each water vapor and 1 part of oxygen. The speed change between the required coal was in an amount of 18 t / h. can be changed within the borrowed limits. If, for example, gas generators are introduced and the gasification agent is as required for preferred central gasification through the six nozzles in an amount of the speed three times as high as 12,460 m ³ / hour. blown in. A portion of the gasification required for preferred peripheral gasification was in an amount of 3115 m ^s / h. by speed, one leads one space part line 10 into the ring line 7 and in the same gasification agent per unit of time through the line volume through the line 12 into the ring line 8 own 10 and 12 and two space parts through the 25. The remainder of the gasification agent, ie line 11, so that the amount which is supplied to each ring line 6230m ³ / hour, through line 11 and valve 13 changes from three room parts to one room part alternately through line 14 into ring line 7 and vice versa and the total and through the line 15 introduced into the ring line 8 amount of four parts of space leads to each. In one position of the valve 13 (as in the speed change remains constant. The picture shown), the gasification switching valve 13 is automatically actuated by a time mean to the group of three nozzles 5 in a switching device (not shown). Quantity of 9445 m ³ / hour and to the group of three In each branch line 10, 12 and 11 there is a nozzle nozzle 6 in an amount of 3115 m ^s / hour. Provided in the or a baffle wheel 16, the other position of the valve 13 were the two quantities of gasifying agent, the quantities fed through the line and nozzle groups reversed. The gene 10, 12 and 14 or 15 is fed, fixed exit speed of the gasification agent and caused such a high pressure drop, was 82.3 m ³ / sec. at the nozzles, to which the higher that the flow rate at the periodic amount of the gasification agent was supplied, and pressure changes, which in the ring lines 7 and 8 27.4 m / sec. in the case of the nozzles to which the lesser number of actuation of the valve 13 takes place, the amount of gaseous medium has been supplied. The penetration table remains unchanged. In order to allow a change in the depth of the gasifying agent in the fuel filling ratio of the lines 7 and 8 fed was 112 cm at the higher speed and quantities, at the nozzle and at 51 cm at the lower speed. The valve 13, a device attached to the reservoir edge 16 in the line 11, was switched at intervals of 2 minutes from one position to the other to measure the pressure drop at this reservoir edge 45. The maximum and one controllable valve in the line 11 upper temperature in the fuel layer provided outside the nozzle or the retaining edge 16 was about 1800 ° C. The gas generation was reduced. It is also possible to use each of the nozzles or 28,320m ³ / hour. The gas generated (calculated as the dry storage rim 16 in the lines 10 and 12 with a kengas) had the following composition: device for measuring the pressure drop to 50 percent by volume and a controllable carbon dioxide 30 above the storage rim Provide valve so that the flow rates in TJneesättiate hydrocarbons 02 these lines separately to the same value gg £ J. !! ^ tofi can be adjusted. Hydrogen 27 3 The valve 13 can be controlled automatically in this way 55 methane 8 5 den that it is in certain time intervals with time nitrogen 10 switching devices of known type from one position ' is switched to the other, e.g. B. with two elec- ... trically controlled time switches, which alternate the claims: Valve 13 moves from one position to the other. Process for operating gas generators Because of that, the valve has a very specific time that is on with a shaft in which a dormant layer Switch is set in the last position of an ashy, solid, carbonaceous hold, whereupon the other switch this sequence of fuel by introducing a gasification Brings operations to the process again. means of a variety of all around the The introduction of the fuel into the gas generator 65 lower part of the inner wall of the shaft and the discharge of the molten ash divided nozzles in the lower part of the fuel can take place continuously in a known manner. filling is gasified, the gasification at For example, if the gasification is carried out under pressure of such a high temperature, that the ash collects in liquid form under the fuel filling, fresh fuel continuously fed into the shaft and the liquid ash continuously from the lower end of the gas generator is discharged, characterized in that the gasifying agent can simultaneously emerge from a part of the nozzles at a speed at which is preferred central gasification would take place, and from the remaining nozzles at a rate at which peripheral gasification would preferably take place, and the outflow velocity each nozzle periodically switches from one of the speeds mentioned to the other in such a way that that predominantly central or predominantly peripheral gasification and obstruction of the flow of the gasification agent by solidification of ash near the nozzles are avoided and each speed change does not change the total of all Nozzles per unit of time dispensed amount of gasifying agent caused. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one from half of the nozzles existing group with one of the mentioned speeds and one from the other half the existing group of nozzles operated at the other speed and the two groups of nozzles simultaneously switched from one speed to the other will. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that on each side of a nozzle one group has a nozzle from the other group. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the speed, with which the gasifying agent exits from each nozzle by regulating the nozzle is adjusted per unit of time supplied amount of gasification agent. 5. Gas generator for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized by several nozzles distributed around the lower part of the • inner wall of the generator shaft, Feeding devices, with the help of which one can simultaneously extract the gasification agent from one part the nozzles at a certain speed and from the other nozzles at a certain speed another speed can exit, a valve to change the outflow speed each nozzle from one speed to the other and a timer to periodic actuation of the valve at certain time intervals. 6. Gas generator according to claim 5, characterized in that the groups of nozzles with different discharge velocities contain the same number of nozzles and the valve designed for simultaneous switching from one outflow speed to the other is. 7. Gas generator according to claim 6, characterized in that the devices for supply the gasification agent from a main line (9), two line systems (10, 7 and 12, 8) to Supply of the gasification agent from the main line (9) in practically the same amount to the two nozzle groups (5, 6), an additional line system (14, 15) for supplying additional Gasification means consists of the main line (9) to each nozzle group (5, 6) and a valve (13) which can be operated so that there is the additional line system alternating with the nozzles of one group (5) and connects with the nozzles of the other group (6). 1 sheet of drawings 709 610/204 7.67 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin