DE1225799B - Liquid or paste-like, soap-containing washing active substance concentrates - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

, PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. α .:

ClId

German class: 23 e - 2

Number: 1225 799

File number: H 51322IV a / 23 e

Filing date: January 10, 1964

Opening day: September 29, 1966

Liquid washing active substance concentrates are used in the production of treatment baths for a wide variety of Types of solid materials, but also for the production of liquid washing, cleaning and detergents are used. These treatment baths can be used in the household, for. B. for washing of whites and delicates, for washing dishes, for cleaning polished or lacquered Surfaces, for cleaning tiles, wall coverings, etc. But it can also be commercial Companies, e.g. B. laundries, industries, etc., such liquid concentrates for cleaning or for other types of treatment of the surfaces of solid materials. These liquid concentrates can, in addition to the soap and any accompanying substances from its manufacture contain other common additives.

The viscosity of such liquid or pasty detergent active substance concentrates is determined by the soap content increases in an undesirable manner, but the incorporation of accompanying substances often increases can. This makes the handling of the concentrates, e.g. B. rapid measuring and diluting same with water, difficult. But also in the industrial production of solid, in particular The viscosity of the pastes proves to be the case with pourable detergents, cleaning agents and dishwashing agents Promote the same as undesirable, especially if they, possibly after incorporating the usual Additives to be converted into pourable products in a manner known per se. ■ It has now been found that soaps and possibly Solutions or pastes containing synthetic detergent substances with a viscosity of at least 50 cP by incorporating the salts of α-sulfofatty acids with 10 to 12 carbon atoms in the Let the sulfofatty acid residue liquefy. The incorporation of the disalts can be done in any way; the reduced viscosity of the disalt-containing preparations compared to the disalt-free is of the type and manner of incorporation and, above all, regardless of the order in which the individual Components are put together in the preparation of the solutions or pastes.

The reduction in viscosity according to the invention by adding the sulfofatty acids defined above is observed in a wide viscosity range. The solutions to be liquefied according to the invention or pastes can have a viscosity of at least about 10 cP, however, the invention contemplates Particularly important in the liquefaction of higher viscosity pastes, z. B. at those with a viscosity of 50

Liquid or paste-like, soap-based
Active detergent concentrates

Applicant:

Henkel & Cie. G. m. B. H.,

Düsseldorf-Holthausen, Henkelstr. 67

Named as inventor:

Dipl.-Chem. Dr. Werner Stein,

Erkrath-Unterbach;

Dipl.-Chem. Dr. Herbert Weiß, Cologne-Deutz;

Dipl.-Chem. Dr. Peter Neuhausen,

Krefeld-Fischeln

to 20,000, preferably from 100 to 10,000 cP. The viscosity can, however, go up beyond the specified value Extend the range so far that no perfect measurements can be made with the aid of a rotary viscometer more are possible. For this reason, the demonstration is what is achieved according to the invention Technical effect by reducing the viscosity measured in the rotary viscometer is only selected because it can be carried out relatively easily in the laboratory. The viscosity is here, above all in the higher and at most measurable areas, as a measure of technical interesting theological properties, such as consistency, flow behavior, the pumpability, etc., to view.

In US Pat. No. 2,303,212, soap preparations are described which contain certain amounts of capillary-active Contain esters of higher sulfo fatty acids. About the nature of these soap preparations nothing more can be found in the description; acts according to the information given in the examples they are bars of soap. The esters can be derived from sulfo fatty acids of various chain lengths. In addition, there is no mention of sulfofatty acids or their salts, so that from this Patent specification says nothing about the viscosity-reducing effect of the 10 to 12 carbon atoms in the molecule containing sulfo fatty acids salts can be found in liquid to pasty soap-containing preparations was. The technical teaching according to the invention is also applicable to liquid or paste-like soap preparations applicable with a content of sulfo fatty acid esters,

609 668/408

3 4

since the viscosity-lowering effect is also evident in the case of vegetable fats or of land or water-like mixtures. animal fats. Above all, there are such

In the following, for the sake of simplicity, the fatty acids are suitable, such as the usually already sulfo fatty acids or their salts (mono- and / or for the production of bar soaps, powdered bees or disalts) as "disalts", the sulfofatty acid ester products or for the production of soft soaps has not used as "ester salts" and any others; z. B. the soaps made of coconut oil and palm oil, palm oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, and washing active substances are referred to as "WHAT". Under tallow, tears, fish oils and their fractions and the expression "total WHAT" is the sum of or or hydrogenation products and / or soaps, disalts and any mixtures that may be present.
To understand ester salts or WHAT. This salty WHAT including the soaps

The proportions of soap and ester salts are preferably water-soluble salts, e.g. B. as can fluctuate within wide limits and contain salts of alkalis, in particular of potassium or tet is based on the planned area of application of sodium or triethanolamine. For the manufacturer according to the invention Preparations. If you only want a 15 lung combination of washing active substances that better dispersion of any lime that may have formed - contains practically no undissolved constituents, reach soaps, amounts of 2 to 15 are sufficient, it can be advantageous to ensure that the same preferred 3 to 10 percent by weight ester sulfonate, at times several cations are present, based on the example Sodium and potassium salts can be added to the mixture of soap and ester sulfo. But should the washing and cleaning action 20 use each other or potassium and triethanol Preparations to a greater extent based on the ester sulfoamine salts or sodium and potassium and triethanates based, it is advisable to use these in quantities of nolamine salts.

from 15 to 80, preferably 30 to 70 percent by weight. The disalts to be used according to the invention with

cent to use, based on the mixture of soap 10 to 12 carbon atoms in the molecule can im

and ester salt. 25 Mixture with higher and possibly also with lower

The viscosity-lowering effect of the disalts ren homologs are present, provided the properties

in soaps made of straight or branched chain - this mixture is essentially made up of the C _{10 -}

The amount of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and / or the C ₁₂ content can be determined. That is

different carbon numbers noticeable, with a content of C ₁₀ - and / or C _{12 disalts}

■ However, the chain length and the constitution of the 30 from 50 to 65 percent by weight (based on the

Fatty acid esters are not without influence. In the generally present disalts) then the case if

mine are pastes of unsaturated and / or the remaining amount of disalt on at least two and

branched-chain fatty acids less viscous than preferably at least three with respect to the chain

solohe from fatty acids with straight and / or length amd or or the structure of the sulfofatty acid

saturated carbon chain. But also distributed within the 35 esters different individuals. Is the business

A differentiation of carbon chains is noticeable at C ₁₀ - and betw. Or C ₁₂ disalts greater than

bar: Soaps made from fatty acids with 10 to 14 carbon- 65 percent by weight (based on the total

• Atoms or from fatty acid mixtures, the preferred disalts), then the properties

consist of such fatty acids only become essential with this mixture

higher concentrations in viscous pastes than the 40 part determined by the C ₁₀ or C ₁₂ portion, if

For example, in the case of soaps made from fatty acids with little - the remainder is accounted for by just one individual,

At least 16 carbon atoms per fatty acid residue of the disalts of such compositions are obtained

Case is, or with soaps from fatty acid mixtures, which are preferably from the hydrogenated fatty acids of the

preferably contain such fatty acids. Coconut or palm kernel fat or from the C ₁₂ bis

For the production of soap-containing washing 45 C ₁₈ fractions of such fats. But there are also di- and cleaning agents have fatty acid mixtures with salts of fatty acids of synthetic origin - 10 to 31, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms bar; these can also be branched,
per fatty acid residue and a content of unsaturated The viscosity-lowering effect of the disalts fatty acids of at most 50 percent by weight, especially at low contents, is of particular interest, for example; preferably their 50 4 percent by weight can be recognized and is at size-iodine number below 40 and especially below 30. Such ren contents of z. B. 7 weight percent clearer. Depending on the planned application area, fatty acid mixtures can, however, be present with different chain length distributors, e.g. B. up to 60, preferably hang; for example, the C ₁₀ to C ₁₄ content can be 10 to 30 percent by weight.

and preferably the C ₁₂ fraction be greater than 55. These percentages by weight relate to the Ge-50%; however, the C ₁₆ to C ₁₈ content can also be largely composed of disalts, soap and optionally greater than 65%. For low foaming detergents ester salt. The viscosity-lowering agents have been proposed, especially in combination with the reminder, even in the presence of other washing active substances, soaps made from fatty acids than the washing active substances mentioned so far, which essentially, that is to say, their amount should not be greater than that which consists of more than 50% saturated fatty acids with 16 soap, the soap content of the mixture consisting of a few to 18 carbon atoms and at least 25 and preferably at least 50% by weight of about 5 to 60% saturated fatty acids of the total WHAT . At Anmit 20 to 31, preferably 20 to 24 carbon entities of other WAS and / or ester salts contain atoms. 65 the disalt should preferably be at least 3 weight

For the production of such soaps the natiu> make up percent of the total WHAT,

borrowed fats or the fatty acids obtained from them The quantities given for disalts relate to

of special interest. These fatty acids can have the C ₁₀ to C ₁₂ component thereof; are lower

or higher disal homologues are available, these will be billed as WHAT.

Those described in U.S. Patent 2,303,121 Capillary-active ester salts of sulfo fatty acids can also be used in the preparations according to the invention to be present. These are preferably the esters of sulfo fatty acids with 10 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and monovalent aliphatic ones containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms Alcohols. The chain length distribution of the sulfofatty acid residues can match the intended use adapted to the preparations. Ester salts with preferably 10 to 14 carbon atoms in the Sulfofatty acid residues show good solubility and foaming properties even at room temperature, while those with preferably 16 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid residue only at higher temperatures are easily soluble, but then develop excellent detergency. The chain length range the fatty acids in the soaps and the sulfo fatty acids in the ester salts can be the same or different be. So you can, for example, soaps from higher, i. H. mainly from fatty acids with 16 to Mix 31, preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms per fatty acid residue with lower ester salts, d. H. with those whose fatty acid residues preferably have 10 to 14 carbon atoms. One can see the chain length distribution but also choose the other way around.

The essentially saturated hydrophobic residues of the sulfo fatty acids contained in the ester salts can be straight or branched chain. The sulfo fatty acid group is in contrast to by sulfonating unsaturated and / or hydroxyl-containing fatty acids or their derivatives, which are sulfuric acid half esters acts, in the α-position.

To the other washing active substances mentioned above, except for soap, ester salts and disalts may be present, also include the known nonionic capillary active substances, in particular the addition products of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols, alkyl alcohols and higher molecular weight polypropylene glycols. These products are mainly used together with synthetic anionic capillary active substances of the sulfate or sulfonate type and soaps are used in low-foaming capillary active substance combinations.

The total WAS concentration of the pastes or solutions according to the invention can be in the range of 5 to 55, preferably 10 to 30 percent by weight, based on the weight of the total solution or paste. Apart from the solvent used as water, no other components need be present to be.

Since the sulfofatty acid salts are very sparingly soluble, their ability to reduce the viscosity of soap pastes must be or solutions to be seen as very surprising. Except for the ester salts and the disalts, however, other components dissolved in the paste also have an influence their viscosity. These include in particular inorganic salts. The decrease in viscosity of the Soap pastes or solutions with the addition of disalts are also available for products containing salt. ·

The washing active substance combinations according to the invention are depending on their concentration and the substances dissolved in it as opaque pastes, as more or less cloudy or as clear solution. Sometimes (opacities only develop after long periods of storage. This is a fact for the use of pastes or solutions irrelevant because they, for. B. when used as a liquid detergent, contain other substances that cause turbidity in dissolved or suspended form can.

The active washing substance combinations according to the invention can also solubilizers known per se contain. Water-soluble organic solvents, such as, for example, are mainly used as such monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, ethers made from polyhydric alcohols of the same or different types or the partial ethers made from polyhydric and monohydric alcohols. These include, for example, the aliphatic monohydric alcohols containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, glycols with 2 to 5 carbon atoms, Di- or triethylene glycol, glycerine, polyglycerine and partial ethers of all of these polyvalent ones Alcohols with aliphatic monohydric alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the molecule.

Because of their reduced viscosity, the washing active substance combinations according to the invention are suitable especially for incorporating other substances, such as those used in washing and cleaning and rinsing is also used. These include the carbonates, orthophosphates and anhydrous phosphates (Pyrophosphates, polyphosphates and polymetaphosphates) and the silicates of alkalis and others usual washing alkalis. The known organic chelating agents can also be incorporated into the inventive Preparations are incorporated. Finally, organic or inorganic colloidal substances can be added to them, add water-soluble high-molecular substances, etc., such as those used in the washing process serve as dirt carriers. In this context, reference is made to water-soluble salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, water-soluble derivatives of cellulose or starch such as carboxymethyl cellulose and ethers of cellulose and oxyalkylsulfonic acids as well as the cellulose sulfates are referred to.

Liquid washing, cleaning and rinsing agents based on the washing active substance concentrates according to the invention with a content of non-capillary-active accompanying substances can have the following composition to have:

5 to 25, preferably 7 to 20 percent by weight of detergent active substance concentrate,

5 to 45, preferably 10 to 30 percent by weight of non-capillary-active accompanying substances, such as B.

0 to 45, preferably 5 to 30 percent by weight anhydrous phosphates or organic chelating agents, preferably pyrophosphates
or polyphosphates,

0 to 6, preferably 2 to 5 percent by weight alkali silicates,

0 to 5, preferably 0.5 to 2 percent by weight of foam stabilizers, ζ. B. fatty acid amides or fatty acid alkylolamides,

0 to 10, preferably 2 to 4 percent by weight of solubilizer,

0 to 10 percent by weight of neutrally reacting, in particular inorganic salts, such as Na ₂ SO ₄ and / or NaCl and / or NaNO ₃ ,

Rest water.

By varying the recipe within the specified limits or by choosing suitable cations or a combination of cations, liquid detergents, cleaning agents and dishwashing agents can be produced, which contain all ingredients dissolved or suspended in a sedimentation-stable manner.

Examples

For the production of the liquid or paste-like washing active substance concentrates described in the examples the individual components were either in the form of their technical raw products as aqueous pastes or as dry products in the specified percentage composition (Percent by weight) combined, adjusted to the desired concentration with water and heated completely resolved. The clear solutions were filled into closed vessels and usually around 3 to Stored for 4 weeks. The concentrates obtained in this way show intrinsic viscosity; the viscosity changes changes during storage, with the change lessening over time, to after 3 to 4 weeks Storage can be neglected. The change in viscosity sometimes goes with the formation of opacities, excretions, inhomogeneities, etc. in parallel, also after 3 to 4 weeks have practically come to a standstill. These phenomena (change in viscosity and formation of inhomogeneities) are both in disalt-containing preparations and disalt-free comparable products to observe; the liquefaction according to the invention is immediately after production of the Preparations available as well as after prolonged storage.

As far as these cloudiness, excretions or inhomogeneities had settled, they became listed before viscosity measurement.

The absolute values of the viscosities of the washing active substance concentrates are more or less dependent on "the structure and the composition depends on the raw materials used for their production; such is the salt content, for example the technical washing active substances of influence. Because of this, exact comparisons of Viscosities are only possible for products made from identical starting materials (i.e. for example from the same batch of soap, synthetic detergent, etc.) and in the same Way were treated. In the following tables, such a comparison is only available for products with the same example number possible. The fluctuations to be observed due to these circumstances In the absolute values of the viscosities of products of the same composition, however, the ratio is small to the reduction in viscosity achieved according to the invention.

Unless expressly stated otherwise in the following tables, the anionic capillary active substances mentioned there are sodium salts, in the case of the sulfo-fatty acid salts they are disodium salts. Ester salts and disalts are characterized by the chain length or the origin of the fatty acids and an additive. In the case of the disalts, the addition is "/ Di"; in the case of the ester salts, the addition is a number that indicates the chain length of the alcohol residue. Accordingly, “C ₁₂ / Di” means the disalt of sulfolauric acid, while “HPK / 1” symbolizes the sulfonate made from hydrogenated fatty acid methyl ester.

All "HPK" products described here were made from a fatty acid fraction with the following composition

Lauric acid 58 percent by weight

Myristic acid 20 percent by weight

Palmitic acid 9 percent by weight

Stearic acid 13 weight percent

or made from an ester of this fatty acid mixture. This fatty acid composition corresponds approximately to the C ₁₂ to C ₁₈ fraction of the hydrogenated coconut or palm kernel fatty acid or mixtures of these fractions.

Various batches of fatty acid mixtures of the following properties were used to make the soap:

Name of the soap S. B. nature L. Iodine number the fatty acid 25th 4th 7th Weight percent fat acid of chain length about 40 about 30 C ₈ to C ₁₄ , about 81 about 27 about 21 therein C ₁₂ about 48 about 58 around 19 C ₁₆ to C ₁₈ around 19 about 2 about 51 C ₂₀ to C ₂₄ , - - about 42 therein C ₂₂ - ·

"Soap O" was made from technical oleic acid (JZ approx. 91, content of unsaturated C _lg fatty acids approx. 85 percent by weight).

The viscosity of the 'described in the following examples Concentrates were in a rotary viscometer (manufacturer: Aktengesellschaft Chemisches Institute Dr. A. G. Epprecht, Zurich). The number of the measuring prism used is in the tables specified; For comparison purposes, the table also shows the viscosities of soap pastes without additives of disalts.

The viscosities of the preparations according to Examples 1 to 5 were measured after storage for 4 weeks.

example WHAT-KombiB
substance ation
Weight
percent viscosity
Measuring
body measurement
cP / 20 ° C l, a Soap S 20th 4th 10600. b Soap S
HPK / 1 20th
5 } ♦ 4800 C. Soap S
C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ ZDi 20th
2.9
2.1 1 30 2000 d Soap S
HPK / 1
CVDi
C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ ZDi 20th
2.5
1.45
1.05 I 30 1400 · '. "" - e Soap S 25th 4th 20000

WHAT combination Weight Viscosity measurement cP / 20 ° C example percent Measuring 190 substance 5 body 75 2, a Soap S 5 20th b Soap S 5 1 20 HPK / 1 5 J 8th C. Soap S 2.9 ) C ₁₂ / Tue 2.1 C _u -C ₁₈ / Di 5 J m d Soap S 2.5 XU HPK / 1 1.45 I 1 C ₁₂ / Tue 1.05 / 1 C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ ZDi 5 e Soap S 20th 4th HPK / 1 1.45 C ₁₂ / Tue 1.05 ■ 12A C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ ZDi 2 Na ₂ SO ₄ 5 f Soap S 30th 22nd HPK / 1 2.15 C ₁₂ / Tue 1.55 • 12A C ₁₄ -CWDi 3 Na ₂ SO ₄ 5 G Soap S 35 120 HPK / 1 2.15 C ₁₂ / Tue 1.55 20th C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ ZDi 3 Na ₂ SO ₄ 5 H Soap S 40 290 HPK / 1 2.15 C ₁ JDi 1.55 20th C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ ZDi 3 600 Na ₂ SO ₄ 10 3100 i Soap S 5
5 30th 3, a Soap S
NaNO ₃ 5 [30 56 b Soap S 5 NaNO ₃ 5 > 20 HPK / 1 5 C. Soap S 5 7th NaNO, 2.9 C ₁ JDi " 2.1 > 1 C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ ZDi 5 d Soap S 5 6th NaNO ₃ 2.5 HPKZl 1.45 > 1 C ₁ JDi 1.05 C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ ZDi 10 4500 e Soap S 5 NaNO ₃ ■ 4

WHAT combination Weight Viscosity measurement 12 A I. cPZ20 ° C example percent Measuring J 4 substance 5 body I " 150 4, a Soap S 1 1 on Nonionic * 5 j 20 ■ 12A 7th b Soap S 1 1 Nonionic * 5 > 12A 4th HPKZl 5 J C. Soap S 1 2 Nonionic * 2.9 C ₁ JDi 2.1 '12 A > 4 C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ TDi 5 d Soap S 1 3 Nonionic * 2.5 HPK / 1 1.45 C ₁ JDi 1.05 C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ ZDi 5 12A e Soap S 1 Nonionic * 20th 5 HPKZl 1.45 C ₁ JDi 1.05 C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ ZDi 2 Na ₂ SO ₄ 5 f Soap S 1 Nonionic * 30th 33 HPK / 1 2.15 C ₁ JDi 1.55 C ₁₄ -CyDi 3 Na ₂ SO ₄ 10 2550 G Soap S 1 Nonionic * 20th 5, a Soap S 5 Nonionic * 20th b Soap S 5 4150 Nonionic * 2.9 C ₁ JDi 2.1 C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ ZDi 20th C. Soap S 5 5250 Nonionic * 2.5 HPKZl 1.45 C ₁ JDi 1.05 C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ ZDi

The viscosities of the preparations according to Examples 6 to 8 were measured after storage for four days.

example WHAT-Kombü
substance lation
Weight
percent viscosity
Measuring
body measurement
cP / 20 ° C 6, a Soap S
Soap S 5
5
5 20th
} 20 280
140 C. Soap S 5
5 1 20 92 d Soap S 10 4th 1750

* Addition product of 10 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of a technical oleyl alcohol (JZ = 50).

** Stiff paste that cannot be measured in the viscometer used.

609 668/408

example WHAT combin
substance ation
Weight
percent viscosity
Measuring
body measurement
cP / 20 ° C 7, a Soap L 30th 4th 4650 b
C. Soap L
HPK / Tue
Soap L 30 '
5
35 } 20 162 8, a Soap B 5 4th 4000 b
C. Soap B
C ₁₂ / Tue
Soap B
C ₁₀ / Tue 2.5
2.5
5
5 J 30
} * 590
1250

example WHAT combin
substance ation
Weight
percent viscosity
Measuring
body measurement
cP / 20 ° C 9, a Soap O 10 12 A 15th b Soap O
C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ ZDi 10
2.9
2.1 [12A 5.5 10, a Soap O 15th 30th 1100 b
C. Soap O
C ₁₂ / Tue
C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ / Tue
Soap O 15th
2.9
2.1
20th I 12A
2600 9
4th

IO

The viscosities of the preparations according to Examples 9 and 10 were measured after standing overnight.

* Stiff paste that cannot be measured in the viscometer used.

Claims (9)

Patent claims: 1. Soaps and optionally capillary-active salts of esters from sulfo fatty acids (= ester salts) containing liquid or pasty washing active substance concentrates with a content of total washing active substance in the range of 5 to 55 percent by weight, characterized by a content of salts of α-sulfo fatty acids with 10 to 12 carbon atoms in the fatty acid residue (= disalts) in amounts of 4 to 6 percent by weight, based on 'the mixture of soap, disalts and optionally ester salts, in the case of the presence of other disalts, id. H. those with a number of carbon atoms per fatty acid _{residue other than 10 or 12, the proportion of C 10} and / or C ₁₂ disalts is more than 50% of the weight of the total disalts and the other salts according to the above definition, provided that their proportion is 35 up to 50% of the weight of the total disalts, are present as a mixture of at least two individuals which are different from one another with regard to the sulfofatty acid residue. 2. Concentrates according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of C ₁₀ - to C ₁₂ disalts is 7 to 60 percent by weight and preferably 10 to 30 percent by weight, based on the mixture of soap, C ₁₀ - to C ₁₂ disalt and optionally ester salt. 3. Concentrates according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the amount of disalt at Presence of ester salt and / or other WAS at least 5 percent by weight disalt matters, based on the total WHAT. 4. Concentrates according to Claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the soaps are made from fatty acids with 10 to 31, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the fatty acid residue. 5. Concentrates according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that those present in the soaps More than 50 percent by weight of fatty acid residues are saturated in nature and preferably fatty acids correspond to an iodine number of not more than 40, in particular not more than 30. 6. Concentrates according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that those present in the soaps More than 50% of fatty acid residues are those with 10 to 14 carbon atoms per fatty acid residue exist. 7. Concentrates according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that those present in the soaps More than 50% of fatty acid residues are those with 16 to 31 carbon atoms and preferably consist of those with 16 to 18 carbon atoms per fatty acid residue. 8. Concentrates according to claim 1 to 5 and 7, characterized in that in the soaps 5 to 60 percent by weight of fatty acid residues present from those with 20 to 31, preferably There are 20 to 24 carbon atoms per fatty acid residue. 9. Concentrates according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the present in the soaps More than 50 percent by weight of fatty acid residues are unsaturated in nature and are preferably Fatty acids have an iodine number of at least 50. 609 668/408 9.66 © Bandesdruckerei Berlin