DE1162247B - Testing device for a cigarette machine, in which groups (composite cigarettes) composed of two cigarette parts and a double-length mouthpiece in between are checked for the completeness of each group - Google Patents

Description

Test device for a cigarette machine, in which two cigarette parts and a double-long mouthpiece in between (Compound cigarettes) the completeness of each group is checked The invention relates to a test device for a cigarette machine, in which two cigarette parts and a double-long mouthpiece in between (Compound cigarettes) must be checked for completeness of each group.

In cigarette machines of this type, the cigarette parts are either cut from a continuous strand or fed from a funnel.

With the first type of machine, the proper Entering work if the cigarette rod breaks, d. H. if he is incomplete is closed, furthermore, the supply of the mouthpiece parts can fail or their Continuation be blocked, d. i.e., the facility through which the lined up Parts sent for further treatment may for any reason get stuck.

With the second type of machine, an error can occur when the feed of cigarette parts or parts of the mouthpiece or the further conveyance ceases.

It is readily apparent that if according to the type of machine one of the constituents of a group does not get into the position in which the groups be connected to each other, the resulting strand is faulty or a Strand cannot be formed at all because a part is missing or a cigarette part is faulty. Loose pieces of material can easily cause the device to work properly disturb through which the group passes, and faulty cigarettes are not allowed arrive unnoticed after the end of delivery of the machine, rather it is necessary then shut down the machine so that the worker can eliminate the error and the Determine the cause of the failure.

It is also already known in the promotion of several blanks Arrange photocells one behind the other, which influence each other. This facility however, it is not applicable to the manufacture of cigarettes because it is not here What matters is the incorrectly spaced cigarettes stopping to get them a proper distance from each other, but the Cigarettes are promoted in groups consisting of cigarettes and mouthpiece parts, that are loosely attached to each other. An incorrect distance only arises if one of the both parts, e.g. B. the mouthpiece part, accidentally missing. So while the known device the task is with parts that are on a belt in a should be funded at a certain distance from each other, if the distance is incorrect To correct this, the object of the invention is when advancing groups of objects composed of several parts, which in a certain Distance from each other are to be advanced to prevent an advance occurs if a group is incomplete, d. H. part of the group concerned has failed.

For this purpose, the photocells are spaced apart from one another on, with the exit of the rear end of a group from the area of the first Photocell at the same time the entry of the front end of the following group takes place in the area of the second photocell, the first photocell after exiting of the rear end of a group exposed and thereby a machine drive switching Relay is energized, which has contacts that are in the energization of the relay and close the control circuit for the motor drive of the machine in which they are located and open this to stop the motor when the second photocell is energized of the relay prevented by the first photocell: Preferably, according to the invention a signal pulse generated by the exposure of the first photocell via a biased Diode to control the line an amplifier and the amplified signal fed to the relay, and a coupling is provided between the two photocells, through which the power of the first cell is supplied to the second cell, with the a load resistor is connected in series, with the lead after the diode connected to the junction between cell and resistor so that if the second cell is exposed and its impedance drops that fed to the diode Tension is not enough to overcome their existing bias, and the Signal pulse the diode can not pass while if the second cell fails is exposed, its impedance remains high and the voltage applied to the diode the overcomes existing bias and the pulse passes through the amplifier, to energize the relay and close its contacts, and a capacitor is provided is that the power supply to the relay during the interval between the pulses, d. H. the time it takes a group to go completely through the device, sustains, and which is connected with a resistance, over which it is briefly discharges after the mentioned time, unless another pulse occurs.

The drawing shows an embodiment of the invention as an example, namely represents: F i g. 1 is a front view of part of a cigarette machine, at the two strand parts with a double long mouthpiece between them to one Composite cigarette are combined, it shows the test device in the working position, F i g. 2 is a side view according to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 A, 3 B and 3 C show together the circuits and other electrical details of the device, the figures but are drawn separately for the purpose of easier understanding; in the end show the F i g. 4A, 4 B and 4 C schematically illustrate the operation of the device below three different conditions.

In the device now to be described, one of the following is intended Errors are found: a) Failure of the cigarette feed, usually as a result Breaking of the cigarette rod takes place, b) failure of the mouthpiece feed, c) blocking of the transfer devices.

When one of these errors occurs, the drive motor of the machine is turned off shut down.

According to FIG. 1 the test device consists of two photodetector heads 1 and 2 each with a photoelectric cell. These photocells are activated by a exposed by a lamp 3 emitted light beam, which through prisms 4 transversely to the path of the cigarette components is reflected, the cigarette parts 5 and mouthpiece parts 6 are. The photocell of the detector head 2 is shown in FIG. 2 to see where they put that Reference numeral 16 carries.

The cigarette components or the components of a group are located already on a moving belt 7, on which they are axially aligned and against each other were unlocked. In the exemplary embodiment, the cigarette parts were from a continuous strand cut in the usual manner on a known Device to the right of FIG. 1 was made, and after cutting the The mouthpiece parts were stranded from a mouthpiece funnel into the spaces in between brought with devices for feeding the mouthpieces onto the conveyor belt and further devices is provided to unlock the individual components.

Of course, the parts of the tape can also be known in any other Way to be fed. Alignment on the belt is carried out by a endless, band-like device, which consists of two coil springs 8 (F i g. 2).

Head 1 is the "detector head". Each time it generates a signal pulse, if the rear end of the part of a cigarette rod (in the future "cigarette" for short) called) at the end of a group passes him and the photocell of this head exposed to the beam of light. The second head 2, which will henceforth be referred to as the "locking head" is to be used enables the pulse emanating from the detector head 1 to be used only under normal working conditions.

According to FIG. 3 A, 3 B and 3 C, each detector pulse causes the excitation a relay 10 (FIG. 3 C), the contacts 11 of which remain closed, as will be done later is to be explained, and as long as this state exists, the contacts 11 hold the circuit after the starter of the drive motor for the machine upright, the Detector pulses can only excite the relay as long as the work of the Machine is in order.

Prevented if one of the above-mentioned errors a) or b) occurs the locking head an action of the detector pulse on the relay, its contacts 11 can then be opened, so that the electricity, feed to the drive motor of the machine interrupted and the machine is stopped.

If the conveyance is blocked, there is no detector pulse present, as a result, the relay 10 is triggered and its contacts 11 open itself, the circuit after the drive motor is interrupted.

The description and the mode of operation of the device according to FIG. 3 A, 3 B and 3 C can, roughly speaking, be divided into four parts, namely 1. Pulse generation circuit and blocking, 2nd pulse shaper and amplifier, 3rd power, 4. Power supply.

The main circuit for Part 1 is shown in FIG. 3 A shown. The photoelectric cell 12 of the detector head 1 is a cadmium selenide photo cell. When the cell is darkened, it has a high impedance (several megohms) and very little current flows through it. When exposed to light, the cell's impedance drops to a few hundred ohms. The resulting current in the primary coil 13 of a transformer 14 swells, generating a pulse on the blocking network, which consists of a resistor 15, the photoelectric cell 16 of the blocking head and the blocking diode (a germanium diode) 17, which, as will be explained later, is biased.

When the blocking cell 16 is exposed, this pulse becomes (negative) by the relative impedances of the resistor 15, which is quite high, and the Lock cell, which is very low, strongly weakened. That of the blocking diode 17 applied bias is sufficient to prevent the pulse from reaching the high Impedance of the diode overcomes, and he is opposite to the amplifier, the in F i g. 3 B is blocked.

Now, when the barrier cell 16 is darkened, its impedance is high higher (due to the time constant inherent in this type of cell they do not reach their final value of up to 5 megohms within the available time, however its impedance is at least several 1000 ohms), and in this way one becomes sufficient strong pulse at the blocking cell developed to the negative voltage of the diode cathode to increase compared to the diode anode, d. H. the blocking bias on the To overcome diode and include it in the conductive area. It can then a current will flow through the diode 17 and along the line 0 after the amplifier.

F i g. 3 B shows the essential components of the pulse shaper and Amplifier. This amplifier circuit is a monostable switch that operates at the supply of the required trigger pulse so-called square-wave pulses from constant amplitude and duration. The circuit uses two transistors 18 and 19. A resistor 9 connects the emitters of these transistors to the positive one Supply line. The current in this resistor develops a at the transistor emitters Voltage that sets the base voltage to emitter bias.

Usually the high negative bias applied to the base of the transistor 18 (pnp junction transistor) is fed through a resistor 20, sufficient, to generate a base current that is strong enough to power the collector saturate, d. H. around the collector voltage as a result of the strong collector current induced voltage drop across the resistor 21 to bring it to its lowest level. The voltage drop across resistors 22 and 23 causes the base of the transistor 19 is held positive to the emitter as the current in transistor 18 and in the common emitter resistor flows, wherein the transistor 19 is turned off.

The voltage is also used to reverse the negative bias for the diode 17 to create. When the trigger pulse is supplied, appears on the Collector of transistor 19, since it becomes conductive, a positive pulse that the Base of transistor 18 is fed through a capacitance 24, whereby the transistor 18 is brought into the restricted area. The collector current drops and causes a The voltage across the resistors 22 and 23 increases, and eventually the becomes unstable State reached, the base current of the transistor 19 through the resistor 22 sufficient to saturate transistor 19. The transistor 18 is due to the charge held off in the capacity 24. However, this charge escapes through the Resistor 20 and another resistor, labeled 25, based on an exponential law, and after some time, depending on the size of the charge, the size of the relative stresses of the emitter and the voltage leads together with the values of the resistance 20, which depends on the capacitance 24 and the resistor 25, becomes the base of the transistor 18 negative after its emitter, and the transistor begins to conduct, the Voltages across resistors 22 E and 23 drop and make the base of the transistor 19 positive after its emitter, whereby this transistor is switched off and the Collector voltages rise negatively and a negative saturation pulse over the Send capacitance 24 to the base of transistor 18.

The unit then remains in this state until a> further impulse arrives from the detector head. The current output from the amplifier is taken from the Collector of transistor 18 taken over by a line labeled 0 '.

The initial stage is shown in FIG. 3 C drawn on the left. In order to achieve some integration of the outgoing pulses, the output current of F i g. 3 B along the line 0 ′ via a diode 26 (a germanium diode) to a storage capacitor 27. This capacitor charges quickly through the resistor 21 when the transistor 18 is switched off, but retains its charge when the transistor 18 is switched on, unless it discharges through the resistors 29 and 30 and the base of a transistor 31. Although, as said earlier, the relay coil is energized with each Detek torimpuls and under other circumstances this would mean that the relay contacts would open at the end of a pulse, they actually remain closed because the accumulated charge in the capacitor 27 causes the Transistor 31 feeds the relay coil in the period between the pulses. If no pulse occurs, the capacitor discharges and the motor control circuit is interrupted.

The supply impedance of the transistor is in the conductive area 31 a few hundred ohms, so that the resistor 30 has a negligible attenuation exercises and only serves to create a base-emitter circuit with low impedance, when the i capacity 27 is discharged.

The base current that flows when the capacitance 27 is charged is sufficient, to saturate the transistor 31 and thereby the relay 10 the full DC voltage to feed. In the event that no pulse # arrives at transistor 19, the Charge on the capacitance 27 rapidly and reduces the collector current of the transistor 31, and the relay 10 is triggered and thereby switches the drive motor of the Machine off.

The power delivery device is shown in FIG. 3C shown on the right. It is a transformer 32 with two secondary coils, one 33 for feeding of lamps 3 and the other, 34, which is in series with the first, for generation a voltage that, after bridge rectification by an ordinary selenium rectifier 35, which is smoothed by a capacitance 36, results in approximately 18 V direct current. This value is only given as an example.

Power is supplied to the detector cell from the 18 V source by a voltage divider consisting of resistors 37, 38 with a smoothing capacitor 39 (see Fig. 3 A).

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the detectors along a rail 40, but can be adjusted separately from one another on round rods 41.

The distance between the rear ends of two groups, i.e. h., the Distance X in FIG. 1 is set at 209 mm regardless of the length of the cigarettes and stopper. So if Y is the distance between the inner surfaces of the prisms of the two Detectors is, as in FIG. 4 A, 4 B and 4 C are given, then Y = 209 mm minus the length of a group plus 5 mm. In the specially described Machine are the three brought together components to manufacture the compound cigarette brought to devices in which a cork mouthpiece is rolled around them, to the To connect plug parts with the adjacent ends of the cigarettes. How already noted earlier, the stoppers are fed from a funnel and the cigarette pieces cut from a continuous strand. When starting such a machine it is necessary to first make a satisfactory, uninterrupted strand and then start the stopper feeder and cork mouthpiece assembly. As a result, in the time before the plug feeder is turned on when starting The machine appears to have a fault, similar to the absence of a plug or breaking the strand and the machine would shut down. To this To avoid this, a microswitch 42 is used, which constantly energizes the relay 10 holds until the cork mouthpiece feeder is turned on and normal working conditions available.

It is also common in cigarette making machines to pass a a lever operated clutch in the main drive so that the drive motor usually started and then the clutch can be engaged to the engine to set in motion. This arrangement is used on the machine in question, and therefore another microswitch, not shown, is in the main starter mechanism turned on, which closes the motor drive circuit, so that after the photoelectric Detector has shut down the drive motor, this motor has not started again before the clutch is disengaged. For full understanding the invention is used in conjunction with FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C, the table below, which indicates what can happen in practice under the various conditions.

F i g. 4 A represents the conditions required for normally running Machine apply. The basic idea is that the lock is "closed", when the light beam hits the cell, and "open" when the light beam passes through the cigarette rod is darkened. The signal pulse is generated in that the strand in the detector cell is exposed to the light beam when a cigarette passes in front of him. Under ordinary conditions, the darkened at that time next cigarette the lock cell and thereby opens the lock, so that the pulse can be fed to the amplifier to keep the relay energized.

In Fig. 4 B it is assumed that the plug feed is at the right Group suspends. This way the distance between the rear end of the last cigarette of the first group and the front end of the first cigarette the following group is enlarged, and the lock cell is not yet darkened, so that the lock is closed and the supply of the pulse to the amplifier is prevented. The relay is opened under these circumstances and the machine drive switched off.

In Fig. 4 C the supply of cigarettes has stopped, e.g. Are a Break in the strand occurs. Here, too, the distance has increased so that the Consequences are the same as in FIG. 4 B.

These and other results resulting from errors are now shown in table form. Conditions affect the detectors and relays Detector I lock I relay 1. Normal work generates impulse openly excited 2. Stopper failure generates closed pulse triggered, provided that two or more consecutive cigarette th are without a plug 3. Cigarette failure will produce the stoppers shut off an impulse 4. Transfer lock no pulse closed switched off (both cells are constantly dig exposed) (Both cells are constantly switched off - no pulse open dig darkened) 5. Other blocking states no pulse open (but no pulse switched off (both cells evaporate from the detector) kelt) f It should be noted that the detector only generates a correct pulse when the rear end of the last cigarette in a group moves past it. The lock is open when not exposed and closed when exposed.

For certain purposes, the lock and the lock network can be omitted the detector pulse then goes to the amplifier without obstruction as soon as he is created. If z. B. just a continuous succession of spaced apart If the cigarettes are to be checked, it is possible to work in this way. The devices shown in FIG. 3A, 3B and 3C are also shown without a locking device suitable for exams.

Claims (3)

Claims: 1. Test device for a cigarette machine, at the one made from two cigarette parts and one intermediate double long mouthpiece compound groups (compound cigarettes) for completeness of each group should be checked, applying in the direction of movement of the groups photocells arranged one behind the other, which are influenced by the groups passing by, characterized in that the photocells are spaced apart, in the case of the exit of the rear end of a group from the area of the first Photocell (12) at the same time the entry of the front end of the following group takes place in the area of the second photocell (16), whereby the first photocell (12) exposed after the exit of the rear end of a group and thereby a machine drive Switching relay is energized, which has contacts that are activated when the Relay themselves and the control circuit for the motor drive of the machine in which they are lie, close and open them to stop the motor when the second photocell prevents the relay (10) from being energized by the first photocell. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized by a switch (42) which, in the closed state, connects the relay (10) directly to a power source (32 to 35) in order to render the test device ineffective during start-up of the machine. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a signal pulse generated by the exposure of the first photocell (12) via a biased diode (17) for controlling the line to an amplifier (18, 19) and the amplified signal to the relay (10) is fed and a coupling (14) is provided between the two photocells, through which the power of the first photocell (12) is fed to the second photocell (16) to which a load resistor (15) is connected in series, the line after the diode (17) is connected to the junction between the second photocell (16) and resistor (15) so that when the second photocell (16) is exposed and its impedance drops, the voltage supplied to the diode (17) is insufficient in order to overcome their existing bias, and the signal pulse cannot pass the diode (17), while if the second photocell (16) is not exposed, its impedance remains high and the voltage applied to the diode (17) ung overcomes the existing bias and the pulse after the amplifier (18,19) passes to energize the relay (10) and close its contacts (11), and a capacitor (27) is provided that the power supply to the relay (10) during the interval between the pulses, ie the time it takes a group to pass completely through the device, and which is connected to a resistor (29, 30) through which it is shortly after the expiry of the mentioned Time discharges unless another pulse occurs. Documents considered: German Patent No. 705 290.