DE112007003728T5 - Process for the preparation of microbiological complex fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for producing microbiological complex fertilizer, including combining the microbiological component with a biocompatible natural carrier,
characterized,
that the inoculation material of the fungi of the arbuscular mycorrhiza (the AM fungi) is used as a component of the microbiological component,
that as a biocompatible natural carrier, sludge is used, which acts as a filter and rinse residue in the production of sugar from sugar beet,
that the combination of these components in a rhizosphere of the mycorrhizierenden plants in the cultivation of these plants in the Scheidetschlamm takes place;
wherein the inoculation material of AM fungi is produced,
that the mycorrhizal agricultural crops are grown in sheath mud by transplanting seeds into containers containing the sheath sludge and supplementing them with a pure culture or a culture mixture of the AM fungi in the form of a soil-root mixture of the mycorrhizal plants,
that the rate of occurrence of the mycorrhizal roots is at least 60%, which is equivalent to 3-5 g of said soil-root mixture per seed,
that the breeding of the transplanted plants in ...

Description

The The invention relates to a process for the production of microbiological Compound fertilizer according to the preamble of the claim 1.

The Invention is in agriculture and waste recycling in used in the food industry. The invention particularly relates the production of a microbiological complex fertilizer for the better nutrition of the crop plants, for the protection of the Plant against phytopathogenic species and to reduce losses with the agricultural products during their storage. The invention also relates to waste utilization in sugar production. It relates to a process for the production of microbiological Fertilizers.

to Time are numerous microbiological agents with different purposes known for agriculture, z. B. a growth-stimulating as well as those that have a development of phytopathogenic bacteria and Suppress mushrooms.

Heft 10, 1987) ist ein Verfahren zur Saatgutbehandlung bekannt. Das genannte Verfahren offenbart die Saatgutbehandlung mit einem Mittel, welches sich aus Mikroorganismen, einem Träger, z. B. Kleie, und einem Kleber, z. B. Gatti-Harz, zusammensetzt.From the GB Application No. 2170987 (Priority of 14.02.1985, IPC 4 A 01 C 1/06, published in ISM

Issue 10, 1987), a method of seed treatment is known. Said method discloses seed treatment with an agent consisting of microorganisms, a carrier, e.g. B. bran, and an adhesive, for. B. Gatti resin composed.

there were most favorable results in a wheat seed treatment achieved. The microorganisms can stimulate their growth (Azospirillum), Nitrogen binding (Rhizobium), prevent plant diseases (Pseudomonas or Bacillus) or insects (Streptomyces).

One Method of protecting cabbage against bacterial diseases from the patent no. 1793878 with priority from 10.12.1990 (published on 07.02.1993 according to the Info sheet on inventions, RF, Issue 5) known.

According to this known method for the protection of cabbage against bacterioses, the cabbage seed is subjected to a water-heat treatment with a suspension of a bacterial strain "Pseudomonas sp. VKPM (General Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms) subjected V-3481 "at a concentration of 10 ⁶ -10 ⁹ cells / ml to 20 ml per 1 kilo of seed. The application of the bacterial suspension "Pseudomonas sp. VKPM V-3481 "reduces the development of vascular and mucous bacterioses and increases the carbon yield.

IK Vasyuchenka, AN Perebityuk, VS Pigulevsky, MN Beryozko and VN Puchko describe a process for the production of substrate for plant breeding (see patent RU No. 1829892 with priority from 20.04.1990). This invention relates to a process for the preparation of substrates for seedling and vegetable culture using a bacterial biomass Pseudomonas which acts as a suppressor of phytopathogens. Following this procedure, the substrate is prepared by adding lime fertilizer, mineral fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer to the peat and mixing all ingredients subsequently. As bacterial fertilizer while the biomass from the bacterial strain Pseudomonas putida fluorescens ZMPM (Central Museum of Commercial Microorganisms) V-3481 is used.

IT Raimanov, FK Alimova, GU Ozhiganova, RE Khabibullina, NI Krylova, AN Fattakhova describe a process for the production of biofertilizers (see patent RU No. 2130005 with priority from 06.04.1996). This method consists in that a strain or a bioconosis of microorganisms is cultivated on a sterile culture medium until a bacterial mass titre of 10 ⁸ -10 ⁹ cells / ml is reached. The produced biomass is separated from the nutrient medium and concentrated. The concentrated biomass is placed on a dried granulated chicken manure. The thus bound biomass is dried. This method ensures increased microorganism survival and enhanced soil bioactivity.

From the patent RU No. 2140138 with priority of 13.11.1998 (VK Chebotar, NV Bykova, OV Temnova, NA Orlova and AV Khotyanovich) a group of inventions is known which describes a process for seed pretreatment for vegetable crops and a process for the production of seed treatment agent for vegetable crops. The said methods are carried out using a bioantibungalen specimen. The said preparation contains the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis ɥ-13 (deposited under registration number VNIISHM [Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences] Microbiology] D-606, group of epiphytic microorganisms). The process for the production of the bioantibitious preparation provides for a mixing of the culture fluid with a PVA suspension, a water diluent and sterile chalk or dolomite in a certain ratio. The culture fluid contains the strain B. s. ɥ-13, which was previously cultured in a liquid sterile medium. The invention makes it possible to substantially improve the effectiveness of the protection of vegetable crops against phytopathogenic fungi by means of a seed pretreatment.

From the patent RU No. 2241692 with priority from 11.10.2002 (VK Chebotar, AE Kosakov, SV Yerofeev) is known a method for the production of bio fertilizer. The method describes a combination of a granulated mineral fertilizer with a microbial biomass in the form of a bacterial preparation based on a strain Bacillus subtilis ɥ-13 with antagonistic properties to phytopathogens and with a growth-stimulating effect. To achieve the combination, the bacterial preparation is applied to the surface of the granules of mineral fertilizer. The bacterial preparation has the form of a dry powder (powdering) or a liquid finely dispersed fraction (spraying) or a liquid fraction as part of the moisture-proof composite mineral fertilizer. The said method has an increased activity in crop protection against infectious diseases that penetrate together with mineral fertilizer.

Out the application no. 99100664 with priority from 21.01.1999 (E. Ya. Vinogradov, A. E. Vinogradov) are a bacteria fertilizer NIKA and a process for producing the bacterial fertilizer known (prototype). The granulated bacteria fertilizer contains a culture of the bacterial strain Bacillus mucilaginosus (VKMB 1451D), a sorbent and residues of a culture fluid with metabolites at a certain ratio of Ingredients. It can be used as sorbent a crushed plant matter, peat or vermiculite. In individual cases, breeding can using a watery extract of bird manure a molasses addition as a nutrient substrate.

The Process for the preparation of a bacterial fertilizer from Base of Bacillus mucilaginosus includes the breeding of the said strain on liquid nutrient media, namely hydrolyzates from industrial and agricultural waste. Thereafter, the product prepared is mixed with the sorbent and granulated.

These Microbiological agents have been known for more than 100 years. However, their effectiveness often proved insufficient or unstable. That's why they were able to increase productivity do not contribute significantly in agricultural production.

In front Recently, the integration of genetic systems of microorganisms and plants discovered in their interaction. It has been possible, Demonstrate that both the bacteria and the plants have rates have symbiotic genes, which in the absence of one do not show suitable partner ("silent"). Once the respective partners with the particular genotypes are available, creates a symbiosis. Here is the process of creation of the symbiotic Interrelationships an ecological process that takes place in the Floor is playing. With the help of microorganisms, the plant covers their need for nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus etc.). The microorganisms can oppose the plant Protect phytopathogens, even against the most dangerous Soil infections, which are currently not combating well enough can be. Such a system monitors the Generation of over-organism features or adaptability, via which neither the bacteria nor the plants before the interaction have ordered. This area of microbial and plant interaction is currently being actively researched.

It Object of the invention, the efficiency in the protection of agricultural Plants (crop plants) to increase against phytopathogenic species and to increase profitability.

The Asked object is solved by the features of claim 1.

The Process for the production of microbiological fertilizer includes an association of microbiological components with one biocompatible nature carrier. As an ingredient the microbiological components become an inoculation material (inoculated material) of fungi of an arbuscular mycorrhiza (the AM mushrooms) used. As biocompatible nature carrier Scheidschlamm is used. The sludge is a filter and rinse residue, which in the production sugar is produced from sugar beet. The Union These components occur in the rhizosphere of the mycorrhizal Plants in the breeding of these plants on the Scheidammamm. Thereafter, the produced substrate with the remaining components complemented by the microbiological components and that through on the liquid nutrient broth pre-cultivated nodule bacteria and rhizobacteria.

It is known that the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is the mutually beneficial symbiotic plant fungus system ( LA Labutova, NA Provorov, ON Tikhodeev, IA Tikhonovich and on genetics of plant development. St. Petersburg, Nauka 2000, pp. 344-384 ). It is also known that AM fungi can develop only in a symbiosis with plants. The controlling genetic factors of plants are universal to the symbiotic fungi and bacteria. They are present in most crops (mycorrhizierenden plants). Symbiotic genes or part of them ensure the ability to participate in the mycorrhizal symbiosis that provides for the mineral supply, including phosphorus supply, of the plants. 80 to 90% of all plants have the ability to form mycorrhiza at the roots.

It is further known from the specialist literature that the following plants are particularly effective in obtaining the inoculation material of the fungi of the arbuscular mycorrhiza: sorghum, sorghum-sudangra hybrid, sudangras and millet (for example LA Labutova, NA Provorov, ON Tikhodeev, IA Tikhonovich and on genetics of plant development. St. Petersburg. Nauka, 2000, pp. 344-384 ). For this reason, one of the abovementioned plants (sorghum, sorghum-sudangra hybrid, sudangras or millet) is used to produce inoculation material.

In order to achieve a symbiosis for AM formation, the pure culture or the culture mixture of AM fungi in the form of a soil rooting of the mycorrhizal plants when planting the seeds of the mycorrhizal plants in the substrate (soil), in which a subsequent breeding done is set ( IV Karatygin Coevolution of Mushrooms and Plants // Collected Works of the Institute of Botany of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1993, Issue 9, pp. 1-118 ).

It has been found experimentally that good results in terms of AM formation when using sludge (ie, the filter and rinse residue resulting from sugar beet in sugar production) are obtained as a substrate (soil) for the growth of the mycorrhizal plants. The sludge is a waste of sugar beet sugar. It contains lime and is formed during beet juice cleaning. The yield of the sludge amounts to 8-12% of the mass of the processed beets. The fresh separating mud contains approx. 40% water. The slush dried to the pourable state (moisture 25-30%) contains: 60-75% calcium carbonate (with addition of quicklime), 10-15% organic matter, 0.2-0.7% nitrogen, 0.2-0 , 9% phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), 0.5-1% potassium (K ₂ O), some magnesium, sulfur and microelements. The separating mud is a good lime fertilizer. It is used for the lime fertilization of lawn podsoligen and gray forest soils, with podsoligen soils affected and leached black earth mainly in beet growing regions (Great Soviet Encyclopedia).

The means, the Scheidammamm is not just the waste of Sugar production from sugar beets, but also a good one Soil conditioner. He improves the ability to aggregate of the soil and its structure (porosity, Gare), stabilized the acidity (PH) and increases the exchange capacity during moisture absorption through the soil (water absorption capacity).

About that In addition, the application of separating mud in the process allows for the production of microbiological fertilizer, the sugar production waste to recycle.

there the inoculation material of fungi becomes the arbuscular Mycorrhiza produced in the following manner.

The mycorrhizierenden agricultural plants, z. B. sorghum, Sudan grass, sorghum sudangras hybrids, millet are grown by the bottom of the separating sludge (ie the filter and rinse residue the sugar production from sugar beets) is used. Therefore is the seed of sorghum or other mycorrhizal Plants in containers, boxes or other containers planted with separating mud. This is the Scheidschlamm with the pure culture or the culture mixture of AM mushrooms, z. B. Glomus intraradices (i.e., with the soil-root mixture of the mycorrhizal plants), whereby the occurrence rate of the mycorrhizal roots (usually length-related) at least 60%, converted as 3-5 g of the above Soil rooting per one seed.

It it was tentatively determined that the use of a soil-root mixture None at the incidence rate of mycorrhizal roots below 60% sufficient amount in the recovery of AM in the inoculation material ensures.

It has also been experimentally determined that an optimum soil / root mixture ratio per one seed (plant) is 3-5 g. A smaller amount causes a decrease the required effect, and larger quantities on the other hand require no effect increase.

The transplanted plants (sorghum or others) will be used during grown during the growing season 90-120 days. While At this time the plants form a well developed mycorrhiza out. Usually the percentage of mycorrhization is (Colonization with mushrooms) of the plants (eg Sorghum) at the end of this Time 90-100%.

After that the overground part of the plants is cut off and removed. The leftover roots become together with the substrate (the separating sludge) at a temperature of t ° (30-50 ° C) dried to a moisture content of 10-12% and until to a particle size of 0.05-0.2 mm crushed.

From the powdered inoculum material of the AM fungi, a coating mixture for subsequent treatment of the seed of the mycorrhizal plants is prepared by mixing the inoculation material with an adhesive in the following ratio:
80-90% - inoculation material of AM fungi;
Remainder - adhesive.

It was found experimentally that the optimal result in above ratio of ingredients is achieved.

The Adhesive (adhesive) serves to adhere the inoculation material the AM mushrooms to the plant seeds. As an adhesive Any adhesive that is suitable for the microorganisms and the seed to be treated is non-toxic, e.g. Gatti resin.

After that will sow the seeds of sorghum (or other mycorrhizal plants) with the produced sugaring mixture converted as 10-15 g of the mixture treated per 100 g of the seed and at a temperature from 30-50 ° C to a humidity of 10-12% dried.

The seed treated in such a way is transplanted into the vaginal mud. The separating sludge is the filter and rinse residue, produced from sugar beets during sugar production. For transplanting special containers, Greenhouses or deposits for separating mud after filtration used (eg filtering fields), which is located next to the sugar-making plants. The breeding takes place according to the Cultivation methods recommended for the respective crop.

At the end of the growing season, ie after 90-120 days, the overfloor part of sorghum (or other mycorrhizal plants) is cut off (mowed) and removed. The upper 20 cm high layer of the soil - the Scheidschlamms - is struck together with the plant roots and with the pre-cultivated on liquid nutrient media nodule bacteria in the form of aqueous suspension with a titer 10-10 ⁹ CFU / ml in the amount of 0.5-5% and with rhizobacteria in the form of aqueous suspension with a titer 10 ⁶ -10 ⁸ CFU / ml in an amount of 0.5-5% of the soil weight.

• 1) Genetik der symbiotischen Stickstoff-Fixierung und Selektionsgrundlagen. Herausgegeben von I. A. Tikhonovich, N. A. Provorov. St. Petersburg, Nauka, 1998 ;
• 2) I. N. Novikova. Moderne Vorstellungen über die Phylogenie und Systematik der Knöllchenbakterien. Mikrobiologie, 1996, Band 65, Heft 4, S 437–450 .

The nodule bacteria are well known, e.g. B .:

• 1) Genetics of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and selection basics. Published by IA Tikhonovich, NA Provorov. St. Petersburg, Nauka, 1998 ;
• 2) IN Novikova. Modern ideas about the phylogeny and systematics of nodule bacteria. Microbiology, 1996, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 437-450 ,

The Nodule bacteria promote the fixation of the molecular Nitrogen from the outside air and its transmission into the host plant. This increases the supply of the plant with nitrogen and leads to an increase in yield. About that In addition, part of the nitrogen remains in the roots and soil and improves its agrotechnical condition.

It has been found experimentally that the optimal result is obtained in the application of an aqueous suspension of nodule bacteria with a titer of 10 ⁷ -10 ⁹ CFU / ml in an amount of 0.5-5%. Because a lower concentration (titer) and amount (%) causes a decrease in the effect, while a higher concentration and higher amounts do not cause an increase in effect.

The nodule bacteria are bred for 48-72 hours at a temperature t ° of 28 ° C and a pH of 6.8 in a liquid mannitol-yeast medium with the following composition (g / l): 0.5 - K ₂ HPO ₄ ; 0.2 - MgSO ₄ .7H ₂ O; 0.1 - NaCl; 10.0 - mannitol, 0.5 - yeast extract; 15.0 - agar-agar until a titer of 10 ⁷ -10 ⁹ CFU / ml is achieved.

The associative rhizobacteria are also well known (eg. SB Kameneva, EM Muronets. Genetic control of the interaction processes of the bacteria with plants in associations. Genetics, 1999, Volume 35, Issue 11, pp. 1480-1494 ).

• – eine assoziative Stickstoff-Fixierung im Umfang von bis zu 50 kg Stickstoff pro Hektar und pro Jahr;
• – eine Erzeugung von Pflanzenhormonen, die es ermöglichen, das Wachstum des Wurzelsystems zu beschleunigen und somit eine erfolgreiche Versorgung der Pflanze mit Nährstoffen sicherzustellen, sowie die Entwicklung der Pflanze selbst zu regeln;
• – eine Optimierung der Verwertung von phosphorhaltigen, schwer zugänglichen Verbindungen;
• – eine Induktion der Systemreaktion im Zusammenhang mit einem Schutz gegen Phytopathogene;
• – eine Einschränkung (biologische Kontrolle) des Phytopathogene-Wachstums an den Pflanzenwurzeln anhand solcher Maßnahmen wie Aussonderung von antibiotischen Verbindungen, Auflösung von Hyphe-pathogenen Pilzen, Kampf um den Besiedlungsraum an den Wurzeln und Wegnahme der Nährstoffe, die für die Entwicklung von Phytopathogenen erforderlich sind usw.

In the case of an association symbiosis on the plant roots no new visible structures are created. However, colonies of the rhizosphere bacteria are formed on the root surface at strictly defined locations. These bacteria are capable of ensuring several beneficial functions for the plant, namely:

• - an associative nitrogen fixation up to 50 kg nitrogen per hectare per year;
• - a production of plant hormones, which make it possible to accelerate the growth of the root system and thus ensure a successful supply of nutrients to the plant, as well as to regulate the development of the plant itself;
• - an optimization of the utilization of phosphorus-containing, difficult to access compounds;
• An induction of the system reaction in connection with protection against phytopathogens;
• - a limitation (biological control) of phytopathogenic growth on the plant roots by such measures as removal of antibiotic compounds, dissolution of hyphae pathogenic fungi, struggle for colonization space at the roots and removal of the nutrients required for the development of phytopathogens etc.

It has been found experimentally that an optimal result is obtained in the application of aqueous suspension of rhizobacteria with a titer of 10 ⁶ -10 ⁸ cfu / ml in an amount of 0.5-5%. For a lower concentration (titer) and a smaller amount (%) cause a decrease in the effect, while a higher concentration and a higher amount do not cause an increase in effect.

The rhizobacteria are 48 to 72 hours at a temperature of t ° 28 ° C and a pH of 6.8 in the standardized liquid medium TSB (Tryptic soy broth, manufacturer Fa. SIGMA) pre-bred, to a titer of 10 ⁶ -10 ⁸ cfu / ml is reached.

The Substrate made with mycorrhizal material from the vaginal mud Plant roots become with the Aufschwemmung of the nodule bacteria and the Aufschwem tion of rhizobacteria mixed and for the production of powdered or granulated microbiological complex fertilizer (MMD) used.

For the production of the powdered microbiological fertilizer (MMD) is made by the method described above Mixture of the substrate from the mud with the plant roots after mixing with the flooding of nodule bacteria and rhizobacteria at a temperature of t ° (30-50 ° C) dried to a moisture content of 10-12% and until to a fraction size of 0.05-0.2 mm grind and then packed.

there become the inoculation material, that with the coating mixture treated seeds and the microbiological complex fertilizer produced dried by any method at such a temperature, which has no damaging effect on plant seeds, which Arbuscular mycorrhiza on the remaining plant roots in the fertilizer and on the bacteria. This means, the temperature may be max. 55 ° C. It also has to the inherent moisture inherent in seeds, AM and bacteria be ensured, d. H. at least 10%.

It was found to be an optimal result in the drying of inoculation material, seed and microbiological Compound fertilizer at a temperature of t ° (30-50 ° C) up to a humidity of 10-12% and at the following Crushing, z. B. in the mill Nossen 825 (VEB machines Anlagenbau Nossen), up to a particle size of 0.05-0.2 mm is achieved.

Around the granulated microbiological complex fertilizer (MMD), this is done according to the method described above prepared mixture of the divide mud with the plant roots after mixing with the flooding of nodule bacteria and rhizobacteria in the granulating machine (eg OGM (OΓM) -0.8 or OGB (OΓƂ) -1.5). Depending on the required Form are the granules with a size of 1 manufactured to 10 mm, which are finally packed.

According to the first individual case of the execution of the notified process for the production of microbiological complex fertilizer (MMD) are in the preparation of the sugaring mixture for the Seed treatment of mycorrhizierenden plants (sorghum or other plants) not only used in the first phase of the notified process inoculation material of AM fungi but also used on the liquid medium pre-cultivated nodule bacteria.

For this, the nodule bacteria are bred for 48-72 hours at t ° = 28 ° C and pH = 6.8 in a liquid mannitol-yeast medium with the following composition (g / l): 0.5 - K ₂ HPO ₄ ; 0.2 - MgSO ₄ .7H ₂ O; 0.1 - NaCl; 10.0 - mannitol, 0.5 - yeast extract; 15.0 - agar-agar until the optimal titer of 10 ⁷ -10 ⁹ CFU / ml is achieved.

Thus, the planting mixture for seed treatment of the mycorrhizal plants (sorghum or other plants) based on inoculation material of the AM fungi (prepared according to the above-described 1st step of the notified process) is prepared with the following composition (in% of the mixture weight):
70-75% - inoculation material of AM fungi;
10-15% - aqueous suspension of pre-cultivated nodule bacteria on the liquid medium with a titer 10 ⁷ -10 ⁹ cfu / ml;
Remainder - adhesive.

After that be the seeds of sorghum or other mycorrhizal Treated plants with the produced sugar-coating mixture and dried. From this seed, the plants are in the Scheidammamm until the end of the growing season according to the above Description bred. Subsequently, the over-floor part removed from these plants. The upper 20 cm high soil layer - the Scheidschlamm - is stripped off along with the plant roots and for the production of the powdered or granulated Microbiological Compound Fertilizer (MMD) used. At this time, this MMD becomes as described above with the pre-grown on a liquid medium Nodule bacteria and rhizobacteria.

there was found to be that, as long as the plant grows from a seed and while the growing season of the plant, the concentration (titer) of the nodule bacteria at the roots of sorghum or other mycorrhizal plants Plants against their titer in the sugaring mixture acutely decreases. That's why in the last step of the process for the production of MMD not only on the liquid Soils pre-cultivated rhizobacteria but also the nodule bacteria into the vaginal mud with the plant roots added to ensure their optimal titer in the MMD.

The Application of the (first) individual case of the execution of the method produced MMDs is for mycorrhizal Pod culture plants particularly effective.

The Nodule bacteria promote the fixation of the molecular Nitrogen from the atmosphere during the symbiosis with plants, especially with leguminous plants, namely in the symbiosis-specific Organs nodules. They also promote the transmission from this nitrogen to the host plant. This improves the nitrogen supply the plant and leads to an increase in yield. About that In addition, part of the nitrogen remains in the roots and soil and thus improves its agrotechnical properties.

To the second individual case of the design of the notified Process for the production of microbiological complex fertilizer (MMD) are used in the preparation of the sugaring mixture for the seed treatment of mycorrhizal plants (sorghum or other plants) not only in step 1 of the notified prepared inoculation material of AM fungi but also the pre-cultured on a liquid medium Rhizobacteria used.

For this purpose, the rhizobacteria 48 - 72 hours at t ° = 28 ° C and pH = 6.8 in the standardized liquid medium TSB (Tryptic soy broth, manufacturer the company. SIGMA) pre-bred, to an optimum titer of 10 ⁶ - 10 ⁸ cfu / ml is achieved.

Thus, the seed coat-treating plant of the mycorrhizal plants (sorghum or other plants) based on inoculant material of the AM fungi prepared according to the above-described 1st step of the notified process is prepared with the following composition (in% of the mixture weight):
70-75% - inoculation material of AM fungi;
10-15% - aqueous suspension of rhizobacteria with a titer 10 ⁶ -10 ⁸ cfu / ml;
Residual adhesive.

After that be the seeds of sorghum or other mycorrhizal Treated plants with the produced sugar-coating mixture and dried. Thereafter, the cultivation of the respective plants in the sludge according to the above description until the end of the growing season. Subsequently, the over-floor part removed from these plants. The upper 20 cm high soil layer - the Scheidschlamm - is stripped off along with the plant roots and for the production of the powdered or granulated microbiological multi-nutrient fertilizer (MMD) used. At this time, this MMD becomes as described above pre-cultured on liquid nutrient media Nodule bacteria and rhizobacteria.

there Experience has shown that during plant growth and during the growing season the concentration (the titer) of rhizobacteria at the roots sorghum or other plants of the mycorrhizal plants Acute against their titer in the sugaring mixture decreases. That is why in the last step of the manufacturing process of microbiological complex fertilizer in the separating mud with the plant roots not only those on the liquid Soils pre-cultivated nodule bacteria but also the rhizobacteria added to their optimal Ensure titers in the MMD. The colonies of rhizosphere bacteria give the plants many useful functions, including associative ones Nitrogen fixation, accelerating the development of the root system, Improvement of the utilization of phosphorus compounds and protection against the phytopathogens etc.

When The application of the MMD proved to be particularly effective after this (second) individual case of the execution of the notified procedure as a fertilizer for mycorrhizierenden non-hull plants.

According to the third individual case of the application of the notified for the production of microbiological complex fertilizer be used in the preparation of the sugaring mixture for the seed treatment of mycorrhizal plants (sorghum or other plants) not only in step 1 of the notified prepared inoculation material of AM fungi but also the on liquid medium under the conditions described above Conditions of pre-cultivated nodule bacteria and rhizobacteria.

Thus, the seed coat-treating plant of the mycorrhizal plants (sorghum or other plants) based on inoculant material of the AM fungi prepared according to the above-described 1st step of the notified process is prepared with the following composition (in% of the mixture weight):
60-65% - inoculation material of AM fungi;
10-12.5% - aqueous suspension of nodule bacteria with a titer of 10 ⁷ -10 ⁹ cfu / ml;
10-12.5% - aqueous suspension of rhizobacteria with a titer of 10 ⁶ -10 ⁸ cfu / ml;
Remainder - adhesive.

After that is the seed of sorghum or other mycorrhizal Treated plants with the produced sugar-coating mixture and dried. From this seed, the respective plants in the Scheidschlamm according to the above description until bred at the end of the growing season. Subsequently the oversoil part of these plants is removed. The upper 20 cm high soil layer - the Scheidschlamm - is along with the plant roots scraped off and for the production of the powdered or granulated multi-nutrient microbiological fertilizer (MMD) used. In this case, this MMD according to the above description by on liquid nutrient media pre-cultivated nodule bacteria and rhizobacteria added.

The Nodule bacteria promote the fixation of the molecular Nitrogen from the atmosphere and its transmission into the host plant. This improves the nitrogen supply of the Plant and leads to an increase in yield. About that In addition, part of the nitrogen remains in the roots and soil and thus improves its agrotechnical properties.

The Rhizosphere bacteria lend the plants many useful ones Functions, eg Eg associative nitrogen fixation, acceleration the development of the root system, improving the recovery of Phosphorus compounds and protection against the phytopathogens.

Experience has shown that during plant growth and during the growing season, the concentration (the titer) of the nodule bacteria and the rhizobacteria at the roots of sorghum or other plants of the mycorrhizal plants decreases acutely compared to their titre in the sugaring mixture. Therefore, in the last step of the process for the production of MMD, the pre-cultivated on liquid nutrient media nodule bacteria and rhizobacteria in the substrate from the Sheath mud introduced with the plant roots to ensure their optimal titer in the MMD.

According to one An individual case of the embodiment of the invention can be used as an adhesive a 15% water solution of a polyvinyl acetate emulsion (PVA) are used. The PVA adhesive is cheaper as the Gatti resin.

Of the microbiological prepared by the method described above Compound fertilizer (MMD) allows it, at the same time the nitrogen and phosphorus supply of the plants to improve plant protection against biotic and abiotic To increase phytopathogens and also the task of recovery of sugar production waste.

Industrial Applicability

Example 1.

First becomes the inoculation material of the fungi of the arbuscular Mycorrhiza produced. For this, the seed of sorghum in containers (10 to 15 seeds per container) transplanted with vaginal mud. The containers are 25 cm deep and have a content of 4 liters. This is the Scheidammamm by a soil-root mixture of the mycorrhizal plants with the incidence rate of mycorrhizal roots (in length) of at least 60% converted as 5 g of said soil-root mixture supplemented per seed. The transplanted sorghum plants are bred within 90-120 days. After that the overground part of the plants is cut off and removed. The leftover roots are mixed with the screeching mud at t ° (30-50) C up to a humidity of 10-12% dried and in the mill Nossen 825 (VEB Maschinen Anlagenbau Nossen) grind until a grain size of 0.1-0.15 mm is achieved.

After that the coating mixture is prepared. For that will be 85% of the produced inoculant material of AM mushrooms with 15% of a PVA adhesive mixed.

Subsequently is the seed of sorghum with this prepared sugar-coating Mixture calculated as (10-15) g of the mixture per 100 g Seed treated and at a temperature of (30-50) ° C dried to moisture of 10-12%.

The thus treated seed is transplanted into the hothouse in the crusted sludge with a layer thickness of 20-25 cm. The plants are bred according to the usual sorghum cultivation method. At the end of the growing season, ie after 90-120 days, the oversoil part of the plants (sorghum) is cut off and removed. The formed substrate of separating mud and sorghum roots is poured out of the boxes and used in the preparation of MMD. For this purpose, the MMD 5% of an aqueous suspension of the pre-cultivated nodular bacteria in the liquid mannitol yeast medium with a titer of 10 ⁷ -10 ⁹ cfu / ml and 5% of the aqueous suspension of TSB in the standardized liquid medium (Tryptic soya Broth) precultured rhizobacteria at a titer of 10 ⁶ -10 ⁸ cfu / ml.

Of the MMD is prepared in powder form. For the MMD is at a temperature of 30-50 ° C up to a humidity from 10-12% dried, in the mill Nossen 825 grind to the grain size of 0.05-0.1 mm and then filled into 0.5 kg paper bags. The MMD produced by this method can last up to 2 years be stored.

Example 2.

First becomes the inoculation material of the fungi of the arbuscular Mycorrhiza, as described in Example 1, prepared.

Afterwards, the coating is prepared. 65% of the prepared AM fungi inoculation material, 12% of the aqueous suspension of nodular bacteria (titers of 10 ⁷ -10 ⁹ CFU / ml), 12% of the aqueous suspension of rhizobacteria (titers of 10 ⁶ -10 ⁸ CFU / ml) and 11% of the PVA adhesive are mixed.

Then, the sorghum seed is treated with this produced coating compound as 10-15 g of the mixture per 100 g of seed and at a temperature of 30-50 ° C until a Moisture of 10-12% dried.

The seed treated in such a way is transplanted into the vaginal mud. The Scheidschlamm thereby provides the filter and flushing residue the sugar production from sugar beet. The transplantation So it takes place in the sludge storage sites after filtering arise (filtering fields). These bearings are usually located next to the sugar-making plants. The plants are after the for the respective culture (sorghum) usual cultivation method bred.

90 to 120 days later, at the end of the growing season, the oversoil part of the plants sorghum is mown and removed. The top 20 cm layer of soil - the separating mud - is cut off along with the sorghum roots and used for the production of MMD, namely: The MMD is treated with 2% of an aqueous suspension of nodular bacteria pre-cultivated in the liquid mannitol-yeast medium with a titer of 10 ⁷ -10 ⁹ CFU / ml and with 2% of the aqueous suspension of the rhizobacteria pre-cultivated in the standardized liquid medium TSB (Tryptic Soy Broth) with a titer of 10 ⁶ -10 ⁸ CFU / ml supplemented.

Of the MMD is produced in granulated form. For this is the MMD in the granulator OGB-1,5 (OΓƂ-1,5) introduced and produced 1.5 mm large granules. The Finally, the product is packed in plastic bags (PE) á 2 kg filled.

The Durability of the thus produced MMD is 2 years.

The proofs of the efficacy of the application of the microbiological complex fertilizer (MMD) prepared by the notified process are given in the tables below. In order to be able to compare the effectiveness of MMD, the microbiological fertilizer extrasol was used as a comparative sample, which according to the aforementioned patent RU No. 2140138 will be produced. Table 1. Economically estimable properties of the microbiological complex fertilizer embodiment Germination spring wheat variety IRGINA Outgrowth Corn Biscuit Moldavsky 421 (% for reference) Growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi, mm Fusarium ulmorum Fusarium oxysporum Rhizoctonia solani Phytophthora infestans Reference (water) 82.3 - 0 0 0 0 Microbiological fertilizer Extrasol (reference sample) 88.4 14.2 32.3 ± 2.2 20.4 ± 1.8 18.1 + 1.3 27.1 ± 2.3 Microbiological multi-nutrient fertilizer MMD (according to the filed method, claim 1) 91.5 24.1 36.1 ± 2.8 31.5 ± 2.7 20.8 ± 1.7 30.4 + 2.9

It can be seen from Table 1 that the multi-nutrient microbiological fertilizer (MMD) of claim 1 of the pending process has a number of economically valuable properties such as stimulation of plant growth and inhibition of growth of phytopathogenic fungi. The activity of MMD is higher than that of Extrasol, which is used as a comparison sample. Table 2. Influence of seed pretreatment of the pumpkin variety "Stofuntovaya" with the microbiological complex fertilizer on the pumpkin yield (St. Petersburg) embodiment Yield, quintals / ha Middleweight, 1 pumpkin, kg Average number of fruits per plant, pcs. reference 109.3 2.31 0.66 Extrasol (comparison sample) 274.9 3.85 1.00 MMD acc. Claim 1 of the notified method 366.3 4.40 1.16

From Table 2 it follows that the seed pretreatment of the pumpkin variety "Stofuntovaya" with the microbiological complex fertilizer according to claim 1 of the filed method increases the pumpkin yield by 3.35 times compared to the reference. Thereafter, MMD proved more effective against Extrasol, which was used as a comparison sample. Table 3. Influence of seed pretreatment of peas variety "Tatiana" with the microbiological complex fertilizer on the economically valuable properties of plants (Oryol oblast)

It is apparent from Table 3 that in the seed pretreatment of peas of the variety "Tatiana" both half (50% NPK) and full (100% NPK) of the microbiological complex fertilizer according to claim 2 of the notified process is also a considerably positive Influence on the pea plants has been found. Thus, the plant mass increased by 31.5-43.0% and the seed weight of each individual plant increased by 21.4-37.8%. According to all characteristics, MMD proved to be more effective than the Extrasol, which was used as reference sample. Table 4. Influence of seed treatment of spring wheat of the variety «Krestyanka» with the microbiological complex fertilizer on the economically estimable properties of plants (Oryol Oblast)

It follows from Table 4 that in seed pretreatment of spring wheat of the variety «Krestyanka» with both half (50% NPK) and full application (100% NPK) of the microbiological complex fertilizer according to claim 3 of the notified method has a considerable positive influence the economically valuable properties of the plants have been established. Thus, when the fertilizer was applied, the plant mass increased by 81.6% and the number of seeds on a plant increased by 91%. The stocking energy has increased 1.7 times. According to all characteristics, MMD proved to be more effective than the Extrasol, which was used as reference sample. Table 5. Influence of seed pretreatment of potato tubers of the variety «Elisaveta» with the microbiological fertilizer on the yield and the sales quality of the potatoes (St. Petersburg) Embodiment of the experiment Yield tubers, quintals / ha Knollenfäulebefall Sales quality of potatoes,% of fractions Healthy tubers,% Infested tubers,% I. + II. Fraction (tuber weight 70-200 g) III. Fraction (tuber weight 30-70 g) IV. Fraction (tuber weight less than 30 g) reference 115.5 79.0 21.0 46.8 47.8 5.3 MMD according to claim 4 of the notified method 151.0 90.0 10.0 65.3 31.9 2.9

From Table 5 it can be seen that in the seed pretreatment of potato tubers of the variety «Elisaveta» with the microbiological complex fertilizer according to claim 4 of the notified method also a significant positive influence on the yield and the sales quality of the potatoes was found. For example, the use of the MMD fertilizer mentioned above led to an increase in potato yield tubers by 35.5 quintals / ha, an increase of 30.7%. The number of healthy tubers increased by 11% and the number of commodity fractions of potatoes (I + II) by 18.5% compared to the reference.

SUMMARY

The The invention relates to a process for the production of microbiological Compound fertilizers, including the Association of the microbiological component with a biocompatible Nature carrier. As a nature bearer is at the Sugar production from sugar beet resulting Scheidschlamm used. The microbiological component is the inoculation material the fungus of the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM fungi) used. Nodule bacteria and / or rhizobacteria are used as ingredients used in the method of treating seed. With the Method according to the invention is the efficiency in the protection of agricultural plants (crops) against phytopathogenic Species increased and increased productivity.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - GB 2170987 [0004]
• - RU 1829892 [0008]
• - RU 2130005 [0009]
• - RU 2140138 [0010, 0083]
• - RU 2241692 [0011]

Cited non-patent literature

• - LA Labutova, NA Provorov, ON Tikhodeev, IA Tikhonovich and on genetics of plant development. St. Petersburg, Nauka 2000, pp. 344-384 [0019]
• - LA Labutova, NA Provorov, ON Tikhodeev, IA Tikhonovich and on genetics of plant development. St. Petersburg. Nauka, 2000, pp. 344-384 [0020]
• - IV Karatygin Coevolution of Mushrooms and Plants // Collected Works of the Institute of Botany of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1993, No. 9, pp. 1-118 [0021]
• - IA Tikhonovich, NA Provorov. St. Petersburg, Nauka, 1998 [0037]
• - IN Novikova. Modern ideas about the phylogeny and systematics of nodule bacteria. Microbiology, 1996, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 437-450 [0037]
• - SB Kameneva, EM Muronets. Genetic control of the interaction processes of the bacteria with plants in associations. Genetics, 1999, Volume 35, Issue 11, pp. 1480-1494 [0041]

Claims (5)

A method for producing microbiological complex fertilizer, including combining the microbiological component with a biocompatible natural carrier, characterized in that as a component of the microbiological component of the inoculation material of the fungi of the arbuscular mycorrhiza (the AM fungi) is used that uses as a biocompatible natural carrier Scheidschlamm which, as a filter and rinse residue in sugar beet sugar production, is that the association of these components occurs in a rhizosphere of the mycorrhizal plants in the cultivation of these plants in the sludge; wherein the inoculation material of the AM fungi is prepared to grow the mycorrhizal agricultural plants in the sheath slurry by transplanting seeds into containers with the sheath sludge and supplementing them with a pure culture or a culture mixture of the AM fungi in the form of a soil-root mixture of the mycorrhizal plants that the occurrence rate of the mycorrhizal roots is at least 60%, which equates to 3-5 g of said soil-root mix per seed, meaning that the propagation of the transplanted plants takes place within 90-120 days until the end of the growing season, thereafter the oversoil part of the plants is cut and removed, the leftover roots, including the separating mud, are dried at 10-30 ° C at 10-30 ° C to 10-12% moisture and ground to a particle size of 0,05-0,2 mm be prepared, then a dragierende mixture is prepared by the hergeste The inoculation material of the AM fungi is mixed with an adhesive in the following ratio (wt): 80-90% inoculation material of the AM fungi and residual adhesive, then seed from sorghum or from another mycorrhizating plant with the produced sugaring mixture (converted dried as 10-15 g of the mixture per 100 g of seed) at a temperature of 30-50 ° C to a humidity of 10-12% and is transplanted into the vaginal mud that the cultivation of the plants for 90-120 days until is carried out at the end of the growing season, after which the oversoil part of the plants is cut off and removed, then the upper 20 cm layer of separating mud and the plant roots is scraped off and finally the produced substrate is supplemented by the remaining components of the microbiological component, including pre-cultivated nodule bacteria on liquid nutrient media in the form of an aqueous suspension pension with a titer of 10-10 ⁹ cfu / ml in an amount of 0.5-5% and rhizobacteria in the form of an aqueous suspension with a titer of 10 ⁶ -10 ⁸ cfu / ml in an amount of 0.5-5 count% of substrate weight. Process for the preparation of microbiological complex nutrient fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the sugaring mixture for the seed treatment of the mycorrhizal plants based on inoculation material of the AM fungi with the following composition (in wt .-% of the total weight) is prepared: 70-75 % - inoculation material of AM fungi; 10-15% aqueous suspension of nodule bacteria with a titer of 10 ⁷ -10 ⁹ CFU / ml and residual adhesive. Process for the preparation of microbiological complex nutrient fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the sugaring mixture for the seed treatment of the mycorrhizal plants based on inoculation material of the AM fungi with the following composition (in wt .-% of the total weight) is prepared: 70-75 % - inoculation material of AM fungi; 10-15% aqueous suspension of rhizobacteria with a titer of 10 ⁶ -10 ⁸ CFU / ml and residual adhesive. A process for the preparation of microbiological complex fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the drageeing mixture for the seed treatment of mycorrhizierenden plants on the basis of Inokulationsmaterial of the AM mushrooms with the following composition (in Gew. -% of the total weight) to cook 60-65% - inoculation material of the AM fungi; 10-12.5% - aqueous suspension of nodule bacteria with a titer of 10-10 ⁹ cfu / ml; 10-12.5% aqueous suspension of rhizobacteria with a titer of 10 ⁶ -10 ⁸ CFU / ml and residual adhesive. Process for the preparation of microbiological complex fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that as an adhesive for the preparation of the coating a PVA adhesive is used.