DE112006001629T5 - Thin instrument block with anti-reflection coating - Google Patents
Thin instrument block with anti-reflection coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE112006001629T5 DE112006001629T5 DE112006001629T DE112006001629T DE112006001629T5 DE 112006001629 T5 DE112006001629 T5 DE 112006001629T5 DE 112006001629 T DE112006001629 T DE 112006001629T DE 112006001629 T DE112006001629 T DE 112006001629T DE 112006001629 T5 DE112006001629 T5 DE 112006001629T5
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- light
- optical
- light guide
- optical coating
- display according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
- B60K35/60—Instruments characterised by their location or relative disposition in or on vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
- B60Q3/10—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors for dashboards
- B60Q3/14—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors for dashboards lighting through the surface to be illuminated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
- B60Q3/60—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects
- B60Q3/62—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects using light guides
- B60Q3/64—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects using light guides for a single lighting device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D11/00—Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D11/28—Structurally-combined illuminating devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0055—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
- B60K2360/20—Optical features of instruments
- B60K2360/33—Illumination features
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Details Of Measuring Devices (AREA)
- Instrument Panels (AREA)
Abstract
Instrumentenanzeige,
die Folgendes umfasst:
eine Lichtquelle, die selektiv Licht
emittiert,
einen Lichtleiter, der das Licht empfängt, wobei
der Lichtleiter einen ersten Brechungsindex aufweist, und mindestens eine
optische Beschichtung auf dem Lichtleiter, wobei die optische Beschichtung
einen zweiten Brechungsindex aufweist, der größer ist als der erste Brechungsindex
des Lichtleiters, um zu verhindern, dass Licht in einer unerwünschten
Richtung aus dem Lichtleiter austritt.Instrument display, comprising:
a light source that selectively emits light,
a light guide receiving the light, the light guide having a first refractive index, and at least one optical coating on the light guide, wherein the optical coating has a second refractive index greater than the first refractive index of the light guide to prevent light emerges from the light guide in an undesired direction.
Description
QUERVERWEIS AUF VERWANDTE ANMELDUNGENCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED REGISTRATIONS
Diese
Anmeldung ist eine Teilfortführung
der
ALLGEMEINER STAND DER TECHNIKGENERAL PRIOR ART
Diese Erfindung betrifft Instrumentenanzeigen für Fahrzeuge.These The invention relates to instrument displays for vehicles.
Instrumentenblöcke für Fahrzeuge befinden sich in der Regel an einem Fahrzeug-Armaturenbrett und können einen Geschwindigkeitsmesser, einen Drehzahlmesser, einen Motorzustandsanzeiger, einen ABS-Bremsanzeiger und andere Einrichtungen für die Überwachung der Fahrzeugbetriebszustände umfassen. Der Instrumentenblock enthält Anzeigemarkierungen, die eventuell eine Beleuchtung aufweisen, die die einzelnen Markierungen beleuchtet. Die ABS-Bremsmarkierung kann beispielsweise beleuchtet sein, wenn das Fahrzeug eine ABS-Bremsung vornimmt. Für eine solche Beleuchtung sorgen in der Regel einzelne Lampen, die jeden Anzeiger auf dem Armaturenbrett beleuchten. Einzelne Lampen benötigen jedoch relativ viel Platz sowie eine Schaltung mit hoher Spannung, die die einzelnen Lampen mit Strom versorgt. Durch die hohe Spannung ist des Weiteren eine Isolierung erforderlich, die vor Stromschlägen schützt, wodurch sich die Kosten und Maße des Instrumentenblocks vergrößern.Instrument blocks for vehicles are usually located on a vehicle dashboard and can a speedometer, tachometer, engine status indicator, an ABS brake indicator and other monitoring devices of vehicle operating conditions. The instrument cluster contains Indicator marks that may have illumination that the individual marks illuminated. The ABS brake mark can For example, be illuminated when the vehicle performs an ABS braking. For one such lighting usually provide individual lamps, each Illuminate the scoreboard on the dashboard. However, individual lamps need relatively much space as well as a circuit with high voltage that the individual lamps are powered. Due to the high voltage Furthermore, insulation is required that protects against electric shock, thereby the costs and dimensions of the Enlarge instrument blocks.
In letzter Zeit ist es immer üblicher geworden, für das Richten der Beleuchtung auf die einzelnen Anzeigemarkierungen des Instrumentenblocks optische Lichtleiter zu verwenden. Damit die einzelnen Markierungen separat beleuchtet werden können, benötigt jedoch jede Markierung ihren eigenen Lichtleiter und ihre eigene Lichtquelle. Ein typischer Instrumentenblock weist viele separate Anzeiger auf, die auf diese Weise beleuchtet werden müssen. Die zu den jeweiligen Anzeigern gehörigen Lichtleiter werden einzeln nacheinander sorgfältig in den Block eingebaut. Dementsprechend erfordert das Einbauen der einzelnen Lichtleiter in den Instrumentenblock recht viel Zeit und Mühe.In It has always been more common become, for directing the illumination to the individual indicator marks of the instrument cluster to use optical fibers. In order to however, the individual markings can be illuminated separately, but needed each marker has its own light guide and its own light source. A typical instrument cluster has many separate indicators that have to be illuminated in this way. The to the respective Associated with indicators Light guides are carefully installed one after the other in the block. Accordingly, the incorporation of the individual optical fibers requires quite a lot of time and effort into the instrument cluster.
Zusätzlich dazu wird bei bestehenden Lichtleitern für eine Instrumentenanzeige, wie beispielsweise ein Ziffernblatt, eine Ziffernblatt-Zierblende benötigt. Bei der Ziffernblatt-Zierblende handelt es sich um eine Kunststofffolie mit den Markierungen der Instrumentenanzeige, wie beispielsweise den Nummernzeichen und Ziffern für den Tachometer, Fahrzeugkontrollleuchten und anderen Markierungen. Abgesehen von den beleuchteten Abschnitten ist der größte Teil der Ziffernblatt-Zierblende lichtundurchlässig. Ein mit der Ziffernblatt-Zierblende verwendeter Lichtleiter, wie beispielsweise der Lichtleiter für den Tachometer, kann, statt nur die Markierungen zu beleuchten, große Abschnitte der Ziffernblatt-Zierblende beleuchten. Dementsprechend verschwenden bestehende Instrumentenanzeigen Energie für die Beleuchtung.Additionally is used in existing light guides for an instrument display, such as a dial, a dial ornamental panel needed. At the dial ornamental panel it is a plastic film with the marks of Instrument display, such as the number signs and numbers for the Tachometers, vehicle control lights and other markings. apart from the illuminated sections is the largest part of the dial ornamental panel opaque. A light guide used with the dial ornamental panel, such as For example, the light guide for the Speedometer, instead of just illuminating the markers, can have large sections illuminate the dial faceplate. Spend accordingly existing instrument displays energy for lighting.
Somit gibt es Bedarf für einen dünnen Instrumentenblock, mit dem sich die Komplexität, Ineffizienz und Größe bestehender Beleuchtungssysteme vermeiden lässt.Consequently there is a need for a thin one Instrument cluster, with which the complexity, inefficiency and size of existing ones Avoid lighting systems.
KURZDARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGBRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Ein Beispiel für eine Instrumentenanzeige weist eine Lichtquelle auf, die selektiv Licht emittiert, und einen Lichtleiter, der das Licht empfängt. Auf dem Lichtleiter befinden sich eine oder mehrere optische Beschichtungen. Der Lichtleiter weist einen ersten Brechungsindex auf, und die optische(n) Beschichtung(en) weisen einen zweiten Brechungsindex auf, der größer ist als der erste Brechungsindex des Lichtleiters. Durch die optische(n) Beschichtung(en) wird Blendlicht vom Umgebungslicht reduziert und die Lichtübertragungsleistung des Lichtleiters erhöht.One example for An instrument display has a light source that selectively Emits light, and a light guide that receives the light. On the Light guides are one or more optical coatings. The optical fiber has a first refractive index, and the optical (s) Coating (s) have a second refractive index that is larger as the first refractive index of the optical fiber. Through the optical (s) Coating (s) will reduce glare from ambient light and the light transmission power of the light guide increases.
Zu einem Beispiel für das Verfahren gehört das Abscheiden einer oder mehrerer optischer Beschichtungen auf einem Lichtleiter. Der Lichtleiter weist einen ersten Brechungsindex auf, und die optische(n) Beschichtung(en) weisen einen zweiten Brechungsindex auf, der größer ist als der erste Brechungsindex des Lichtleiters.To an example of the procedure belongs to that Depositing one or more optical coatings on one Light guide. The light guide has a first refractive index, and the optical coating (s) have a second refractive index on, which is bigger as the first refractive index of the optical fiber.
Ein weiteres Beispiel für eine Instrumentenanzeige weist eine Lichtquelle auf, die selektiv Licht emittiert, und einen Lichtleiter, der das Licht empfängt. Auf dem Lichtleiter befinden sich mehrere lichtundurchlässige optische Beschichtungen, um Lichtverluste zu vermeiden. Zu den lichtundurchlässigen optischen Beschichtungen gehören beispielsweise ein weißer Lack, ein schwarzer Lack und ein grauer Lack.One another example of An instrument display has a light source that selectively Emits light, and a light guide that receives the light. On The optical fiber has several opaque optical Coatings to avoid light loss. To the opaque optical Coatings include for example, a white one Paint, a black paint and a gray paint.
KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Die verschiedenen Merkmale und Vorteile dieser Erfindung werden für Fachleute aus der nachfolgenden ausführlichen Beschreibung der derzeit bevorzugten Ausführungsform ersichtlich. Die der ausführlichen Beschreibung beiliegenden Zeichnungen lassen sich kurz folgendermaßen beschreiben:The Various features and advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed Description of the presently preferred embodiment. The the detailed Description of the accompanying drawings may be briefly described as follows:
AUSFÜHRLICHE BESCHREIBUNG DER BEVORZUGTEN AUSFÜHRUNGSFORMDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED Embodiment
Eine
Flüssigkristallanzeige
Bei
dem dargestellten Beispiel weisen die Lichtleiter
Der
Lichtleiter
Bei
dem dargestellten Beispiel breitet sich von der Leuchtdiode
Die
Winkel α und β werden auf
bekannte Art und Weise mit Hilfe der folgenden Gleichungen ermittelt:
n1·sinα = 1, wobei
sinβ = (n1/n2)·sinα und n1 und n2 für den Brechungsindex
des Lichtleiters
Bei
dem dargestellten Beispiel reduziert die optische Beschichtung
Bei
einem Beispiel wird die optische Beschichtung
Die
fünf optischen
Beschichtungen
Die
lichtundurchlässigen
optischen Beschichtungen
Es ist zwar eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform dieser Erfindung offenbart worden, Durchschnittsfachleuten wird jedoch klar sein, dass bestimmte Modifikationen in den Schutzumfang dieser Erfindung fallen würden. Aus diesem Grund muss man die nachfolgenden Ansprüche genau durchlesen, um den Schutzumfang und den Inhalt dieser Erfindung ermitteln zu können.It Although a preferred embodiment of this invention will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art However, be clear that certain modifications in the scope of protection of this invention. For that reason you have to exact the following claims to understand the scope and content of this invention to be able to determine.
ZusammenfassungSummary
Eine
Instrumentenanzeige weist eine Lichtquelle (
Claims (20)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US69219105P | 2005-06-20 | 2005-06-20 | |
US60/692,191 | 2005-06-20 | ||
PCT/US2006/023845 WO2007002000A1 (en) | 2005-06-20 | 2006-06-20 | Thin instrument cluster with anti-reflective coating |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE112006001629T5 true DE112006001629T5 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
Family
ID=37110361
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE112006001629T Ceased DE112006001629T5 (en) | 2005-06-20 | 2006-06-20 | Thin instrument block with anti-reflection coating |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2008544464A (en) |
DE (1) | DE112006001629T5 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007002000A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014201885A1 (en) * | 2014-02-03 | 2015-08-06 | Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics Gmbh | Cover for at least one display instrument in a vehicle |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101849601B1 (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2018-04-18 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Light guide module, method of manufacturing thereof and backlight assembly having the same |
FR2990169B1 (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2015-02-06 | Johnson Contr Automotive Elect | GUIDE LIGHT AND COVERING ELEMENT, DASHBOARD AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A DECORATIVE ELEMENT |
FR3004399B1 (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2016-10-14 | Faurecia Bloc Avant | MOTOR VEHICLE BODY COMPONENT COMPRISING A LIGHT SOURCE AND LIGHT GUIDING MEANS |
US20170057356A1 (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-03-02 | James Frederick Krier | Seamless instrument cluster |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3752974A (en) * | 1971-12-13 | 1973-08-14 | Coastal Dynamics Corp | Uniform illumination with edge lighting |
KR960016341B1 (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1996-12-09 | 김광원 | Light display device |
JPH08254963A (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 1996-10-01 | Hayashi Telempu Co Ltd | Display panel for apparatus in vehicle |
JPH09330609A (en) * | 1995-12-05 | 1997-12-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Back-light device and color display device |
JP2000035347A (en) * | 1998-07-16 | 2000-02-02 | Yazaki Corp | Meter structure |
JP3532119B2 (en) * | 1999-06-01 | 2004-05-31 | 富士通化成株式会社 | Light guide plate for front light unit |
US7592972B2 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2009-09-22 | Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. | Thin instrument cluster |
DE10223165A1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-12-18 | Siemens Ag | Optical display device |
-
2006
- 2006-06-20 JP JP2008518284A patent/JP2008544464A/en active Pending
- 2006-06-20 WO PCT/US2006/023845 patent/WO2007002000A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-06-20 DE DE112006001629T patent/DE112006001629T5/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014201885A1 (en) * | 2014-02-03 | 2015-08-06 | Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics Gmbh | Cover for at least one display instrument in a vehicle |
US9827736B2 (en) | 2014-02-03 | 2017-11-28 | Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics Gmbh | Cover panel for at least one display instrument in a vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2007002000A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
JP2008544464A (en) | 2008-12-04 |
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Legal Events
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OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
8125 | Change of the main classification |
Ipc: B60K 35/00 AFI20060620BHDE |
|
R081 | Change of applicant/patentee |
Owner name: CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS, INC. ( N. D. G, US Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SIEMENS VDO AUTOMOTIVE CORP., AUBURN HILLS, US Effective date: 20110811 Owner name: CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS, INC. ( N. D. G, US Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SIEMENS VDO AUTOMOTIVE CORP., AUBURN HILLS, MICH., US Effective date: 20110811 Owner name: CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS US, INC. (N. D., US Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SIEMENS VDO AUTOMOTIVE CORP., AUBURN HILLS, US Effective date: 20110811 |
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Representative=s name: BONN, ROMAN, DIPL.-ING. DR.-ING., DE Effective date: 20110811 |
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R082 | Change of representative |
Representative=s name: BONN, ROMAN, DIPL.-ING. DR.-ING., DE |
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R082 | Change of representative |
Representative=s name: BONN, ROMAN, DIPL.-ING. DR.-ING., DE |
|
R081 | Change of applicant/patentee |
Owner name: CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS, INC. ( N. D. G, US Free format text: FORMER OWNER: CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS US, INC. (N. D. GESETZEN DES STAATES DELAWARE), AUBURN HILLS, US Effective date: 20140317 Owner name: CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS, INC. ( N. D. G, US Free format text: FORMER OWNER: CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS US, INC. (N. D. GESETZEN DES STAATES DELAWARE), AUBURN HILLS, MICH., US Effective date: 20140317 |
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Representative=s name: BONN, ROMAN, DIPL.-ING. DR.-ING., DE Effective date: 20140317 Representative=s name: BONN, ROMAN, DIPL.-ING. DR.-ING., DE Effective date: 20130129 |
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R002 | Refusal decision in examination/registration proceedings | ||
R003 | Refusal decision now final |