DE1119044B - Diesel fuel - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

E20310IVc / 46a ⁶

REGISTRATION DATE: DECEMBER 14, 1960

NOTICE THE REGISTRATION ANDOUTPUTE EDITORIAL: DECEMBER 7, 1961

The present invention relates to diesel fuels which are substantial at the highest work rate contain less smoke and harmful gases in their exhaust gases than common diesel fuels,

Exhaust gases from diesel engines in particular can in cities or residential areas and when using the diesel engine underground in mining or be extremely annoying when building a tunnel. Machines that run on diesel fuel are often converted And increasingly used in factories and warehouses. Under such conditions the appearance of smoke and noxious gases is often a serious problem; they are also on the streets Exhaust gases are undesirable and even dangerous, not permitted when operating in enclosed spaces or underground.

If diesel fuel is burned completely, the exhaust gases should be in addition to an excess of air consist of carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur oxides, nitrogen and nitrogen oxides. At idle the fuel is almost completely burned up; however, if the machine is running under load, then so The exhaust gases can still contain carbon monoxide and aldehydes and also carbon particles contained in the unburned fuel. This is particularly the case when the engine is accelerating.

With a diesel internal combustion engine, more power is obtained when more fuel is in the engine is injected. However, if the amount of fuel injected is a certain critical If it exceeds the value, there will be incomplete combustion and it will almost always be plentiful thick and black smoke developed. The power increase of the engine is therefore also not with increasing fuel consumption proportionally.

Diesel fuels are generally paraffinic oils which boil from 180 to about 330 ° C or even up to 360 ⁰ C, the 50 ° / o value between 200 and 300 ⁰ C and sulfur content of 0.35 to 0.80% by weight.

It has already been proposed that the diesel engines operated in enclosed spaces with a Operate lower boiling light oil or petroleum fuel, which is more volatile than conventional diesel fuel is and under great loads a more complete combustion and consequently less Smoke results. A relatively low-boiling diesel fuel is, for example, in the German Auslegeschrift V 7937 IVc / 23b (published on March 1, 1956). The oil, partially freed from η-paraffins by urea treatment, boils between 200 and 312 ° C and has a sulfur content of 0.001%.

Diesel fuel

Applicant:

Esso Research and Engineering Company,
Elizabeth, NJ (V. St. A.)

Representative: Dr. rer. nat. JD Frhr. v. Uexkull,
ίο Patent attorney, Hamburg-Hochkamp, Königgrätzstr. 8th

Claimed priority:
Great Britain of December 23, 1959 (No. 43 678/59)

Richard Fleming Sundstrom, Stockholm,

and Nils Ake Jonson, Näsby Park (Sweden),

have been named as inventors

Attempts to operate diesel engines with such low-boiling fuels have failed, however, as the petroleum or light oil does not adequately lubricate the cams and tappets the fuel pump results. Apart from this, petroleum or light oil absorbs a larger amount of water than the usual diesel fuels, and the use of such fuels contributes to one considerable wear and tear within the machine.

In practical experiments with diesel fuel,

which has a boiling range of 160 to 280 ° C and a 50% value of about 210 ° C, was found that the visible exhaust gases almost completely disappeared and the carbon monoxide content dropped by about 60 to 80%, while the total aldehyde content was not decreased; odor and irritation were nowhere near as pronounced as when burning normal fuels. Theoretically, the use of such a volatile fuel should be 3 to 4% Cause increases in consumption, but it did not. It was not possible, any measurable Increase in consumption to be noted, which can be attributed to the more complete combustion can.

However, the use of these light oil or petroleum-like fuels only caused after one short service life, severe signs of corrosion on the injection device. After review numerous different types of corrosion inhibitors

109 748/259

However, it has now been established that a diesel must have at least 0.5 percent by volume, but of this

A suitable fuel composition should not be present more than 2.0 percent by volume. For

if you have a light oil or best results will be even a narrower group of people

proposed petroleum-like fuel with a boiling range genbereich. The preferred mix

from 160 to 310 ° C and with a sulfur content of 5 genes contain between 0.8 and 1.2 percent by volume

less than 0.07% with an extremely critical amount of lubricating oil in petroleum. The percentages are

a mineral oil lubricating oil and a very low one, in any case, apply to the overall

but also critical amount of certain corrosion.

sion preventing agent mixes. The corrosion preventive agent should be used in quantities The invention therefore relates to a diesel fuel from 0.00075 to 0.003 percent by weight of the total for Combustion engines, which may be present from a mixture. The preferred area The main part of a light oil or petroleum-like propellant is 0.001 to 0.002 percent by weight of the substance with a boiling range from 160 to 310 ° C including a mixture. As an anti-corrosive agent with a sulfur content of 0.07% with additives, polyethylene glycol monooleate is preferred, which of 15 has a molecular weight on the order of 580

a) 0.5 to 2 percent by volume of a known mine can have. However, other corrosive lubricating oils are also preventive agents such as metal dithiophosphates or

b) 0.00075 to 0.003 percent by weight of a be -dithiocarbamate to be used.

known corrosion-preventing agent and it should also be an oil-soluble alkali or alkaline earth

c) 0.005 and 0.05 percent by weight of a salt of a sulfonic acid or a naphthenic acid, such as Oil-soluble component of diesel fuels - a synthetic sulfonate or petroleum sulfonate borrowed alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of a sulfone be present. For the present purpose it will be acid or naphthenic acid, calcium and / or barium sulfonates are preferred. That

where all percentages on the total molecular weight of such sulfonates can be from 300

fuel related. 25 to 500 range, and they can range in amounts between

Additions of anti-corrosive agents and 0.005 and 0.05 percent by weight, based on the

Oil-soluble alkali or alkaline earth salts of total sulfone mixture are present.

or naphthenic acids to diesel fuels are to The diesel fuel mixture can also still known. So for example in the German small amounts one is used as a diesel fuel component Patent specification 885 500 to prevent corrosion is a known carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid mixture from about 5 to 10 percent by weight of an ester. In the German exposition Polyalcohol fatty acid esters, preferably glycerol 1008 958, are e.g. additives of esters or Fatty acid esters, 5 to 10 percent by weight of an ester mixture of phenol, alkylphenols or alk-esters aliphatic alcohols with lower aliphatic oxyphenols and fatty acids, aromatic or see acids, especially acetic acid esters, about 0.5 35 hydroaromatic carboxylic acids or naphthenebis 1 percent by weight of an oil-soluble alkaline earth acid or from aliphatic alcohols, oxyalko-phenyl fatty acid salt, preferably alkaline earth phenyls or alkoxy alcohols and fatty acids, oxystearate, and a petroleum raffinate to the diesel fatty acids or alkoxy fatty acids proposed, too fuel added in amounts of 2 to 10%. After connecting with free fatty acids with more than French patent 1117 551 has one 40 12 carbon atoms. However, it is also in the range of 177 to 454 ° C boiling fuel here around diesel fuels in the normal boiling range, to reduce the formation of deposits an oil - not around fuels with boiling limits of 160 and soluble calcium sulfonate-lead naphthenate mixture at-310 ° C.

given. The known additives are the low-boiling ones disclosed in the invention

However, some other additives and other 45 diesel fuels may be useful a little

Amount ratios, but in all cases by additions amount of a C ₁₀ - to C ₁₈ carboxylic acid or a

to diesel fuels that are not by a comparable ester of such an acid, such as isopropyl oleate or

bar low boiling range are excellent. Lauric acid esters.

For the production of a diesel fuel according to the example
Accurate mixing is extremely important to the invention

tig. It is necessary that the additives are mixed with the A diesel fuel mixture from the

Diesel fuel base are well mixed, made in one of the following ingredients:
Circulation tank advantageously with stirring over

1 hour and preferably more. Water-white petroleum from an Aruba

Preferably the sulfur content is below 55 crude oil with a boiling range of 160

0.05%. The pour point and the cloud point up to 280 ° C, a mean value of 210 ° C

should preferably be below -40 ° C. In particular and a sulfur content below 0.04%

However, the latter becomes both a pour point and a (percent by volume) 99

Cloud Point below - 50 ⁰ C preferred. The light lubricating oil (an extracted naphthenic

oil or petroleum should preferably have a boiling oil with a viscosity index of 60)

range from about 160 to about 180 ° C, especially (volume percent) 1

special from 160 to 260 ° C. The mean boiling point anti-corrosion agent: polyethylene glycol

should preferably be around 210 ° C. monooleate (molecular weight 580) (Ge

The mineral lubricating oil can be paraffinic or weight percent) 0.0015

naphthenic and should be a Conradson carbon 65 calcium petroleum sulfonate (weight number preferably below 0.1; the percent) 0.024

Viscosity should be quite high. The amount of barium petroleum sulfonate (weight lubricant in which petroleum is essential; it percent) 0.012

The mixture was mixed in a tumbler for about 4 hours. This fuel was then 12,000 miles in a diesel bus using about 91 fuel checked. No smoke was visible during operation and after the test the engine was dismantled and examined. There was no sign of excessive use to recognize. Injection pump and system were in normal condition. During the test drive the fuel consumption was no greater than with a conventional heavier fuel.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Diesel fuel for internal combustion engines based on low-boiling petroleum or Light oil fractions, consisting of a fuel base with a boiling range from 160 to ao 310 ° C and a sulfur content below 0.07% with additions of a) 0.5 to 2 percent by volume of a highly viscous mineral lubricating oil with a coking number (Conradsen) below 0.1, b) 0.00075 to 0.003 percent by weight of a known anti-corrosion agent and c) 0.005 and 0.05 percent by weight of a known component of diesel fuels oil-soluble alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of a sulfonic acid or naphthenic acid, where the quantities are based on the total fuel. 2. Diesel fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional amount of the Lubricating oil is between 0.8 and 1.2 percent by volume. 3. Diesel fuel according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that the added amount of the anti-corrosion agent is 0.001 to 0.002 percent by weight. Considered publications: German Patent No. 885,500; German Auslegeschriften No. 1008 958; V 7937 IVc / 23b (published March 1, 1956); Patent No. 9600 of the Office for Invention and Patents in the Soviet Zone of Occupation Germany; French patent specification No. 1117 551. © 109 748/259 11.61