DE1080265B - Process for the production of orally used pharmaceutical preparations with a protracted effect from active ingredients and protective substances - Google Patents
Process for the production of orally used pharmaceutical preparations with a protracted effect from active ingredients and protective substancesInfo
- Publication number
- DE1080265B DE1080265B DEF26694A DEF0026694A DE1080265B DE 1080265 B DE1080265 B DE 1080265B DE F26694 A DEF26694 A DE F26694A DE F0026694 A DEF0026694 A DE F0026694A DE 1080265 B DE1080265 B DE 1080265B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- active ingredients
- production
- pharmaceutical preparations
- substances
- protracted effect
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
- A61K9/1623—Sugars or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose; Derivatives thereof; Homeopathic globules
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von oral anzuwendenden Arzneimittelzubereitungen mit protrahierter Wirkung aus Wirkstoffen und Schutzstoffen Zur Herstellung von Arzneimitteln mit protrahierter Wirkung sind bisher eine große Anzahl von Überzugstoffen verwendet worden. Vor allem sind für die' sen Zweck hochmolekulare Stoffe der verschiedensten Art verwendet worden, wie z. B. Cellulosederivate und Polyvinylverbindungen (vgl. USA.-Patentschrift 2805977). Process for the production of pharmaceutical preparations for oral use with protracted effect from active ingredients and protective substances for the production of Medicinal products with a protracted effect have hitherto been a large number of coating substances been used. Above all, high-molecular substances are of the most varied for this purpose Kind been used, such as. B. cellulose derivatives and polyvinyl compounds (cf. U.S. Patent 2805977).
Da die Arzneimittelzubereitungen mit protrahierter Wirkung meist dadurch hergestellt werden, daß zunächst eine Lösung des Kunststoffes in einem organischen Lösungsmittel bereitet wird, in der das Arzneimittel dann suspendiert wird oder die auf das Arzneimittel aufgesprüht wird, so ist bei diesen Stoffen die Löslichkeit in organischen Lösungsmitteln Voraussetzung. Since the drug preparations with a protracted effect mostly be prepared in that first a solution of the plastic in an organic Solvent is prepared in which the drug is then suspended or which is sprayed onto the drug, so is the solubility of these substances in organic solvents is a prerequisite.
Weitere Voraussetzungen sind folgende: Die in Frage kommenden Stoffe müssen absolut ungiftig und gut verträglich sein. Sie müssen ferner entweder im Magen oder im Darm aufgespalten werden, damit das Arzneimittel auch resorbiert werden kann. Schließlich muß der Umhüllungsstoff eine hartwachsartige Kosistenz besitzen, um gegen mechanische Beanspruchungen genügend widerstandsfähig zu sein, so daß flüssige und spröde kristalline Stoffe ungeeignet sind. Further requirements are the following: The substances in question must be absolutely non-toxic and well tolerated. You must also either be in the The stomach or intestines are split open so that the medicine is also absorbed can. Finally, the wrapping material must have a hard waxy consistency, to be sufficiently resistant to mechanical stress, so that liquid and brittle crystalline substances are unsuitable.
Der Umhüllungsstoff muß chemisch beständig sein und darf nicht mit dem Arzneimittel reagieren.The wrapping material must be chemically resistant and must not be with react to the drug.
Es wurde nun überraschenderweise festgestellt, daß die Fettsäureester der Zucker diese Eigenschaften eines Umhüllungsstoffes besitzen, und es wurde gefunden, daß man oral anzuwendende Arzneimittelzubereitungen mit protrahierter Wirkung aus Wirkstoffen und Schutzstoffen dadurch herstellen kann, daß man Wirkstoffe mit wasserschwerlöslichen FettsäureesternvonDi- und Trisacchariden überzieht und die umhüllten Stoffe zu Tabletten verpreßt oder zu Suspensionen weiterverarbeitet. It has now surprisingly been found that the fatty acid esters the sugar have these properties of a coating material, and it has been found that you can use orally administered pharmaceutical preparations with a protracted effect Active ingredients and protective substances can be produced by using active ingredients with sparingly soluble substances Fatty acid esters of di- and trisaccharides coats and the coated substances form tablets pressed or processed into suspensions.
Die Resorption der Arzneimittel kann dadurch verändert werden, daß den Fettsäureestern der Di- und Trisaccharide Fettsäuren, Glycerinester von Fettsäuren, niedrigschmelzende Wachse, wie z. B. Paraffinwachs oder Bienenwachs, sowie Lipoide, wie z. B. The absorption of the drug can be changed by the fact that the fatty acid esters of the di- and trisaccharides fatty acids, glycerol esters of fatty acids, low melting waxes, such as. B. paraffin wax or beeswax, as well as lipoids, such as B.
Lecithin und Cholesterin, oder wasserlösliche bzw. wasserdispergierbare Fettsäureester von Di- und Trisacchariden zugesetzt werden.Lecithin and cholesterol, or water-soluble or water-dispersible Fatty acid esters of di- and trisaccharides are added.
Bei der Herstellung der umhüllten Wirkstoffe kann es zweckmäßig sein, daß man den geschmolzenen Umhüllungsstoffen zusätzlich noch Netzmittel zusetzt, um dadurch eine bessere Benetzung des Wirkstoffs herbeizuführen. Als Netzmittel können vorzugsweise nichtionogene Emulgatoren verwendet werden. In the production of the coated active ingredients, it can be useful that wetting agents are additionally added to the molten coating materials, in order to bring about a better wetting of the active ingredient. As a wetting agent preferably non-ionic emulsifiers can be used.
Die vorgenannten wasserschwerlöslichen, wasserlöslichen und leicht dispergierbaren Fettsäureester von Di- und Trisacchariden sind bekannt, und zwar aus: L. Osip-ow, D. Marra und W. C. York, Soap and Chem. Special, 1956, S. 1, L. Osipow, Parfums, Cosmetiques, Savons, 131, 5. 17 (1957), L. Osipow, F. D. Snell und W. C. York, Ind. The aforementioned water-sparingly soluble, water-soluble and easily dispersible fatty acid esters of di- and trisaccharides are known, namely from: L. Osip-ow, D. Marra and W. C. York, Soap and Chem. Special, 1956, p. 1, L. Osipow, Parfums, Cosmetiques, Savons, 131, 5.17 (1957), L. Osipow, F.D. Snell and W. C. York, Ind.
Eng. Chem., 48, S. 1459 (1956), L. Osipow, F. D. Snell und A. Finchler, J.Am.OilChem.Closely. Chem., 48, p. 1459 (1956), L. Osipow, F. D. Snell and A. Finchler, J.Am.OilChem.
Soc., 33, S. 424 (1956), 34, S. 185 (1957), 35, S.65 und 127 (1958).Soc., 33, p. 424 (1956), 34, p. 185 (1957), 35, p. 65 and 127 (1958).
Daß die Fettsäureester der Zucker für den beanspruchten Zweck geeignet sein würden, war durchaus überraschend, da eine große Anzahl anderer Fettsäureester als Umhüllungsstoff völlig ungeeignet ist, wie z. B. Isopropylpalmitat, die Fettöle, die Fette selbst usw. That the fatty acid ester of the sugar is suitable for the claimed purpose was quite surprising as a large number of other fatty acid esters would be is completely unsuitable as a wrapping material, such as. B. Isopropyl palmitate, the fatty oils, the fats themselves, etc.
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Zuckerester besitzen auch gerade die gewünschte Aufspaltbarkeit durch Enzyme. Sie ist überraschend gering, und nur ein kleiner Teil der Verbindung wird unter physiologischen Bedingungen tatsächlich aufgespalten. Diese teilweise Spaltbarkeit genügt jedoch, um die Resorption des Arzneimittels im Organismus zu gewährleisten. Eine zu schnelle Spaltbarkeit würde dagegen einen nachteiligen Einfluß auf die protrahierte Wirkung ausüben. The sugar esters used according to the invention also have straight the desired splittability by enzymes. It is surprisingly small, and only a small part of the compound actually becomes under physiological conditions split up. However, this partial cleavage is sufficient to ensure the resorption of the To ensure the drug in the organism. Too fast a cleavage would on the other hand, exert a detrimental influence on the protracted effect.
Ein sehr wesentlicher Vorteil der beanspruchten Zuckerester ist auch die Tatsache, daß bei ihrer Spaltung physiologische B ruchstücke entstehen. Durch diese zwar nicht unerwartete, aber sehr vorteilhafte Eigenschaft zeichnen sich die Zuckerester vor allen anderen Umhüllungsstoffen aus. A very significant advantage of the claimed sugar esters is also the fact that when they split up, physiological fragments are created. By this property, although not unexpected, is very advantageous Sugar esters from all other wrapping materials.
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Überzugstoffe erlauben es, eine Umhüllung von Wirkstoffen auch ohne vorhergehendes Lösen in organischen Lösungsmitteln herzustellen, so daß bei Verwendung dieser Stoffe wirtschaftlicher gearbeit werden kann. The coating materials used according to the invention allow a covering of active ingredients even without prior dissolving in organic solvents to manufacture so that you can work more economically when using these substances.
Die Herstellung der Überzüge kann dadurch vorgenommen werden, daß man das Arzneimittel in dem geschmolzenen Überzugsmaterial dispergiert und anschließend bei hoher Temperatur in einem Zerstäubungstrockner zerstäubt, oder dadurch, daß das Arzneimittel bei hoher Temperatur mittels einer Mischvorrichtung (Schnecke) mit dem Umhüllungsstoff vermischt wird. In diesem Falle muß das erhaltene Produkt nach dem Erkalten in einer Mühle zu einem Pulver vermahlen werden. The coatings can be produced in that the drug is dispersed in the molten coating material and then atomized at high temperature in an atomization dryer, or by the fact that the drug at high temperature by means of a mixing device (screw) is mixed with the wrapping material. In this case the product obtained must be ground to a powder in a grinder after cooling.
Die nach den verschiedenen Verfahren erhaltenen Pulver können entweder als solche verwendet oder anschließend granuliert oder zu Tabletten verpreßt oder in Wasser unter Verwendung von Suspensionshilfsstoffen zu einer Suspension weiterverarbeitet werden. The powders obtained by the various processes can either used as such or subsequently granulated or compressed into tablets or processed into a suspension in water using suspension auxiliaries will.
Gegenüber den reinen Arzneistoffen besitzen die so hergesfellten Produkte, wie Tierversuche ergaben, eine gute protrahierte Wirkung. Compared to the pure medicinal substances, those produced in this way have Products, as shown by animal testing, have a good protracted effect.
Beispiel 120 g Saccharosepentastearat werden durch Erhitzen auf 1000 C geschmolzen. In diese Schmelze werden 100 g 2- [41-Aminobenzolsulfonamidoj -4-methylpyrimidin dispergiert. Die Suspension wird anschließend bei 1000 C durch Zerstäubung in einem Zerstäubungstrockner in ein trockenes Pulver übergeführt. Example 120 g of sucrose pentastearate are made by heating to 1000 C melted. 100 g of 2- [41-aminobenzenesulfonamidoj -4-methylpyrimidine are added to this melt dispersed. The suspension is then at 1000 C by atomization in a Atomization dryers converted into a dry powder.
PATENTANSPROCHE: 1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von oral anzuwendenden Arzneimittelzubereitungen mit protrahierter Wirkung aus Wirkstoffen und Schutzstoffen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Wirkstoffe mit v.asserschwerlöslichen Fettsäureestern von Di- und Trisacchariden überzieht und die umhüllten Stoffe zu Tabletten verpreßt oder zu Suspensionen weiterverarbeitet. PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Process for the preparation of orally administered Medicinal preparations with a protracted effect from active ingredients and protective substances, characterized in that active ingredients with partially water-sparingly soluble fatty acid esters coated with di- and trisaccharides and pressed the coated substances into tablets or processed into suspensions.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEF26694A DE1080265B (en) | 1958-09-30 | 1958-09-30 | Process for the production of orally used pharmaceutical preparations with a protracted effect from active ingredients and protective substances |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEF26694A DE1080265B (en) | 1958-09-30 | 1958-09-30 | Process for the production of orally used pharmaceutical preparations with a protracted effect from active ingredients and protective substances |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1080265B true DE1080265B (en) | 1960-04-21 |
Family
ID=7092120
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEF26694A Pending DE1080265B (en) | 1958-09-30 | 1958-09-30 | Process for the production of orally used pharmaceutical preparations with a protracted effect from active ingredients and protective substances |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE1080265B (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4380534A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1983-04-19 | Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Solid drug preparations |
EP0195476A2 (en) * | 1985-03-21 | 1986-09-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Therapeutic particles |
EP0230332A1 (en) * | 1986-01-13 | 1987-07-29 | N.V. Sanico | A pharmaceutical composition with sustained release of the active component and a process for the preparation thereof |
US4960595A (en) * | 1984-11-06 | 1990-10-02 | Daiichi Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Lipid membrane structures |
WO1996003978A1 (en) * | 1994-08-04 | 1996-02-15 | Quadrant Holdings Cambridge Limited | Solid delivery systems for controlled release of molecules incorporated therein and methods of making same |
US6290991B1 (en) | 1994-12-02 | 2001-09-18 | Quandrant Holdings Cambridge Limited | Solid dose delivery vehicle and methods of making same |
US6586006B2 (en) | 1994-08-04 | 2003-07-01 | Elan Drug Delivery Limited | Solid delivery systems for controlled release of molecules incorporated therein and methods of making same |
US8168223B1 (en) | 1997-09-29 | 2012-05-01 | Novartis Pharma Ag | Engineered particles and methods of use |
US8404217B2 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2013-03-26 | Novartis Ag | Formulation for pulmonary administration of antifungal agents, and associated methods of manufacture and use |
US8709484B2 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2014-04-29 | Novartis Ag | Phospholipid-based powders for drug delivery |
US8715623B2 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2014-05-06 | Novartis Ag | Pulmonary delivery of aminoglycoside |
US8877162B2 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2014-11-04 | Novartis Ag | Stable metal ion-lipid powdered pharmaceutical compositions for drug delivery |
US9554993B2 (en) | 1997-09-29 | 2017-01-31 | Novartis Ag | Pulmonary delivery particles comprising an active agent |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2698822A (en) * | 1951-04-28 | 1955-01-04 | Fougera & Co Inc E | Cardiac glycoside buccal composition |
DE939283C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1956-02-16 | August Luhn & Co G M B H | Manufacture of ointments and skin lotions |
US2805977A (en) * | 1955-01-04 | 1957-09-10 | Smith Kline French Lab | Sustained release pharmaceutical preparation |
-
1958
- 1958-09-30 DE DEF26694A patent/DE1080265B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE939283C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1956-02-16 | August Luhn & Co G M B H | Manufacture of ointments and skin lotions |
US2698822A (en) * | 1951-04-28 | 1955-01-04 | Fougera & Co Inc E | Cardiac glycoside buccal composition |
US2805977A (en) * | 1955-01-04 | 1957-09-10 | Smith Kline French Lab | Sustained release pharmaceutical preparation |
Cited By (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4380534A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1983-04-19 | Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Solid drug preparations |
US4960595A (en) * | 1984-11-06 | 1990-10-02 | Daiichi Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Lipid membrane structures |
EP0195476A2 (en) * | 1985-03-21 | 1986-09-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Therapeutic particles |
EP0195476A3 (en) * | 1985-03-21 | 1987-05-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Therapeutic particles |
EP0230332A1 (en) * | 1986-01-13 | 1987-07-29 | N.V. Sanico | A pharmaceutical composition with sustained release of the active component and a process for the preparation thereof |
EP1138337A3 (en) * | 1994-08-04 | 2003-03-26 | Elan Drug Delivery Limited | Solid delivery systems for controlled release of molecules incorporated therein and methods of making same |
WO1996003978A1 (en) * | 1994-08-04 | 1996-02-15 | Quadrant Holdings Cambridge Limited | Solid delivery systems for controlled release of molecules incorporated therein and methods of making same |
EP1138337A2 (en) * | 1994-08-04 | 2001-10-04 | Quadrant Holdings Cambridge Limited | Solid delivery systems for controlled release of molecules incorporated therein and methods of making same |
EP1138319A2 (en) * | 1994-08-04 | 2001-10-04 | Quadrant Holdings Cambridge Limited | Solid delivery systems for controlled release of molecules incorporated therein and methods of making same |
US6586006B2 (en) | 1994-08-04 | 2003-07-01 | Elan Drug Delivery Limited | Solid delivery systems for controlled release of molecules incorporated therein and methods of making same |
EP1138319A3 (en) * | 1994-08-04 | 2003-03-19 | Elan Drug Delivery Limited | Solid delivery systems for controlled release of molecules incorporated therein and methods of making same |
US6811792B2 (en) | 1994-12-02 | 2004-11-02 | Quadrant Drug Delivery Ltd. | Solid dose delivery vehicle and methods of making same |
US6565871B2 (en) | 1994-12-02 | 2003-05-20 | Elan Drug Delivery Ltd. | Solid dose delivery vehicle and methods of making same |
US6331310B1 (en) | 1994-12-02 | 2001-12-18 | Quadrant Holdings Cambridge Limited | Solid dose delivery vehicle and methods of making same |
US6290991B1 (en) | 1994-12-02 | 2001-09-18 | Quandrant Holdings Cambridge Limited | Solid dose delivery vehicle and methods of making same |
US6893657B2 (en) | 1994-12-02 | 2005-05-17 | Quadrant Drug Delivery Ltd. | Solid dose delivery vehicle and methods of making same |
US7056495B2 (en) | 1994-12-02 | 2006-06-06 | Quadrant Drug Delivery Ltd. | Solid dose delivery vehicle and methods of making same |
US7744925B2 (en) | 1994-12-02 | 2010-06-29 | Quadrant Drug Delivery Limited | Solid dose delivery vehicle and methods of making same |
US7780991B2 (en) | 1994-12-02 | 2010-08-24 | Quadrant Drug Delivery Limited | Solid dose delivery vehicle and methods of making same |
US7785631B2 (en) | 1994-12-02 | 2010-08-31 | Quadrant Drug Delivery Limited | Solid dose delivery vehicle and methods of making same |
US8168223B1 (en) | 1997-09-29 | 2012-05-01 | Novartis Pharma Ag | Engineered particles and methods of use |
US9554993B2 (en) | 1997-09-29 | 2017-01-31 | Novartis Ag | Pulmonary delivery particles comprising an active agent |
US8404217B2 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2013-03-26 | Novartis Ag | Formulation for pulmonary administration of antifungal agents, and associated methods of manufacture and use |
US8709484B2 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2014-04-29 | Novartis Ag | Phospholipid-based powders for drug delivery |
US8877162B2 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2014-11-04 | Novartis Ag | Stable metal ion-lipid powdered pharmaceutical compositions for drug delivery |
US9439862B2 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2016-09-13 | Novartis Ag | Phospholipid-based powders for drug delivery |
US8715623B2 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2014-05-06 | Novartis Ag | Pulmonary delivery of aminoglycoside |
US9421166B2 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2016-08-23 | Novartis Ag | Pulmonary delivery of aminoglycoside |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE69915798T2 (en) | IMPROVING COMPOSITION BASED ON JOJOBA ESTER | |
DE1106454B (en) | Coating agents for drugs | |
DE3826946C1 (en) | ||
DE1080265B (en) | Process for the production of orally used pharmaceutical preparations with a protracted effect from active ingredients and protective substances | |
DE1130556B (en) | Process for the manufacture of antimalarial preparations | |
DE68907335T2 (en) | Microgranules loaded with an active ingredient consisting essentially of triglycerides of saturated fatty acids and their external therapeutic use. | |
EP0250648A2 (en) | Pharmaceutical preparation for the sustained release of ibuprofen | |
DE69627880T2 (en) | DILTIAZIC MICROGRANULATES WITH DELAYED DELIVERY OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES | |
DE60214207T2 (en) | NAIL POLISH CONTAINING TAZAROTES AND USE THEREOF FOR THE TREATMENT AND / OR THE PREVENTION OF PSORIASIS | |
EP0011718B1 (en) | Stable valepotriate compositions and methods of preparing the same | |
DE4038385C2 (en) | Sitosterol and its glycosides with improved bioavailability | |
DE3878978T2 (en) | GALENIC FORM OF A DRY EXTRACT OF PLANTS. | |
DE2615336B2 (en) | Process for obtaining easily absorbable sterling glycoside | |
DE69003960T2 (en) | The use of deacetylated chitin in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. | |
DE69005059T2 (en) | Vasodilator. | |
DE19729143C2 (en) | Herbal care ointment | |
DE68906513T2 (en) | PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS FOR DICLOFENAC. | |
AT211480B (en) | Process for the production of orally administered pharmaceutical preparations with a protracted effect | |
DE2049935A1 (en) | Process for coating tablets with sugar | |
DE1617309C3 (en) | Process for the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations containing vitamins | |
EP0310757A1 (en) | Manufacturing process of a propolis-ethanol extract | |
CH156609A (en) | Method of making a dry, homeopathic remedy. | |
DE3637992A1 (en) | Hair tonic | |
DE1417326A1 (en) | Process for the production of orally administered pharmaceutical preparations with a protracted effect | |
DD200347A5 (en) | PROCESS FOR PREPARING A CONTAINED ACETYL SALICYL ACID PREPARATION |