DE10353907B4 - Vibration isolation device, in particular for earthquake protection of buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

Vibration isolation device, in particular for the seismic protection of buildings, comprising two insulating parts (20, 40) combined, of which the first (20) acts at least predominantly in the vertical direction and an elastic and damping between a horizontal base (21) and a spaced one above arranged holding plate (30) received Isolierpaketanordnung (27) having at least one elastomeric body and with a metal spring assembly (28, 28 ') is provided, and the second (40) at least predominantly in the horizontal direction and effective as a kinematic isolation part with two horizontally relative to each other is formed movable rigid bodies (31, 41) and at least one intermediate spherical roller body (50) or sliding body,
characterized,
that the insulating package arrangement (27) is at least largely bordered laterally by a rigid supporting device (26, 22),
the metal spring arrangement (28, 28 ') is likewise accommodated between the horizontal base (21) and the holding plate (30),
in that the two bodies (31, 41) of the second insulating part (40) are plate-shaped as a base plate (31) and as a head plate ...

Description

The The invention relates to a vibration isolation device especially for the seismic protection of buildings according to the preamble of claim 1.

A vibration isolation device of this kind is in the JP 2 002 188 319 A specified. In this known vibration isolation device for earthquake protection of buildings, two insulating parts are coupled together, of which a first or upper, coupled to the foundation of the building insulation part between an upper and a lower plate holding a resilient and damping Isolierpaketanordnung and the second or lower The lower holding plate arranged insulating part has rolling bodies which are supported on a resting on the ground planar base plate. The base plate and the lower holding plate are coupled together by means of a coil spring assembly with a respective central connecting pin. In this vibration isolation device, the vertical movements are effected practically only via the Isolierpaketanordnung of the first insulating part. This makes it difficult to achieve sufficiently low vertical natural frequencies for a seismic protection. Since the rollers move over the flat surface, they have no influence on the horizontal natural frequency. If at larger horizontal amplitudes, the rollers are intercepted by the lateral control strips, additional shocks in the horizontal direction can occur. In the first insulation part, the weight of the building is supported only by the elastomeric bodies, so that they must be designed very large.

In the DE 26 23 387 C2 is shown a dump truck for heavy loads and large tilt angle with a pressure pad used in a pot made of elastic or plastic material. Shear deformations of the substance are prevented by the pot wall, which would result in use for a seismic protection crucial disadvantages. The lowest natural frequency of such a bearing is not sufficient for a seismic protection.

at a further vibration isolation device proposed in WO 95/23 267 are arranged between an upper and lower holding plate rolling body and in a lower, pot-shaped Part preloaded, strong springs added. These feathers have a certain vertical natural frequency and a very low attenuation, whereby the vertical movements in an earthquake high reinforced become. In this case, the Feathers can be blocked or the upper part with the rollers can stand out from the disc springs. Structures on such devices have to be designed very compact, as well as from this document evident.

At one in the US 4,766,708 disclosed another vibration isolation device for earthquake individual parts of a building are stored isolated, wherein stabilizing parts are placed so that they are bordered between a frame and outer surfaces of the housing units. Here, special arrangements of springs and rollers or springs and elastomeric bodies are proposed. Such structures of isolation devices are less suitable for the insulation of an entire building in the foundation area, since the insulation in the different spatial directions is not sufficient.

Also in the DE 102 33 023 B3 shown insulation protection, which is particularly designed for the installation of machinery, is less suitable for a seismic protection for buildings, with relatively large horizontal movements may occur.

The US 4,496,130 shows a vibration isolation device having a first in the vertical direction effective and coupled thereto, mainly acting in the horizontal direction second vibration isolation part, wherein the first vibration isolation part substantially from a spring arrangement with springs held in vertical guides and a vertically aligned piston / cylinder unit is formed. In relatively large horizontal movements, as they already occur in moderate earthquakes arise in connecting rods between the first and second insulating part as well as in the ends of the springs extremely high voltages and in the guides friction, which leads to non-linear properties, wherein the insulator has no natural frequency anymore.

At one in the US 4,517,778 proposed vibration isolation device is also a vibration isolation part with a spring arrangement and a further arranged above insulating part provided with a rolling body. The rolling body is mounted on a flat surface, so that the kinemati cal share thus formed has no natural frequency and can only perform forced oscillations. Also, there is no sufficient damping in this isolator.

One in the JP 2 003 293 611 A disclosed vibration isolation device for earthquake protection of buildings has to reduce horizontal and vertical forces small balls and ring-like disc springs, the latter a vertical To cause natural frequency. Again, the balls move on flat surfaces, so that there is no horizontal natural frequency from the kinematics. Also, no practically relevant attenuation is present. Furthermore, significant stresses can occur in the central core screw with the relatively large horizontal movements.

At one in the US 5,081,806 For the earthquake protection insulation system of buildings shown, a fixed support base with a hardened, three-dimensional curved part is provided which is located between a hardened, curved surface of a base and a hardened, inverted curved shell on the underside of a concrete beam. The three-dimensional, curved part preferably has an elliptical shape and allows a horizontal displacement. In one embodiment, a spring is disposed between two halves of the curved part to permit limited contraction of the part. It is also shown to reduce the transmission of horizontal forces to place the object to be protected on a series of spherical balls, which are stored in concave Einmuldungen. With this system a relatively high vertical natural frequency is obtained over the bending of the beams and the elastic part. The attenuation is very low, so that floor vibrations in the vicinity of the vertical natural frequency can be significantly increased.

Another vibration isolation device is not previously published DE 102 33 804 A1 and similarly in the DE 102 33 023 A1 specified. In this case, elastomeric bodies are arranged as insulating packages on a base unit and laterally supported on surrounding supporting bodies with oblique, upwardly diverging support surfaces. In addition, the Isolierelementanordnung may have steel springs. By means of such a vibration isolation device can preferably in the vertical direction loads against vibrations, which are transmitted, for example, from the ground, the loads by the combination of the elastomeric Isolierpakete with the steel springs or in particular at low frequencies, for example, 5 Hz up to Frequencies of eg 0.5 Hz are effectively isolated. The insulating packages have a high elasticity and damping effect, while the steel springs are elastic in all spatial directions, but only have a low material damping. Due to the oblique support of Isolierpakete relatively effective isolation of horizontal vibrations is achieved in this structure and compared to a merely horizontally directed support of the insulating package, but which is not sufficient for example for a reliable earthquake protection of buildings.

earthquake effect in buildings Loads spatial Nature, in horizontal directions stronger than in the vertical direction pronounced are. Seismic protection guidelines usually only consider the horizontal earthquake excitations in cuboid skyscrapers. At the Proof of the stability of buildings, however, are also the vertical, i.e. overall the spatial To consider the effects of earthquakes. The frequency content and the amplitude distribution of the earthquakes are Moreover, regionally different, so for a reliable and especially economic seismic protection also the regional ones Properties of the earthquake are to be considered.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a vibration isolation device of the type mentioned above, with the spatial Excitement caused vibrations, as in earthquake excitations occur as possible be isolated effectively.

These The object is achieved with the features of claim 1.

By the combination of the first, especially in the vertical direction effective Isolation parts with the said structure and especially in horizontal Direction effective kinematic isolation part becomes an effective Isolation of spatial vibrations achieved, in particular, larger horizontal vibration amplitudes be isolated with frequency content, as they occur in earthquakes. The structure allows also a relatively simple design for earthquakes in different regions.

Of the first insulation part possesses besides an effective vertical insulating capacity already an advantageous horizontal insulation ability, if it is provided that the supporting device to the or the elastomeric body adjacent sloping or curved Having support surfaces, which diverge upwards. An optimization can thereby by Design of the steepness of the support surfaces made become.

The Mode of action for building insulation is also through the measures support that the base and the holding plate by means of at least one, the Vibration amplitude in the vertical direction limiting tensioning means are held together.

If it is provided that the first insulating part has outer insulating packets which adjoin vertical inner sides of surrounding outer supports, the stability of the arrangement and the Vibration isolation supported.

To an advantageous functionality in a compact design, the measures contribute that the metal spring assembly as at least one with its axis vertically directed helical spring or at least one leaf spring is formed, e.g. downward or convexly curved above is. Several leaf springs can while e.g. crossed and arranged by a rigid or elastic Core supports.

The stability and a horizontal limitation of the deflection thereby achieved or favored, that the two bodies by means of articulated coupling links to each other are coupled.

The Invention will now be described with reference to exemplary embodiments with reference closer to the drawings explained. Show it:

1 a building set up on several vibration isolators,

2 a first embodiment of a vibration isolator in cross section and

3 a further embodiment of a vibration isolator in cross section.

As 1 shows, becomes a building 1 , eg a one-storey or multi-storey house, on several vibration isolators 10 placed on a stable surface or foundation 2 are anchored.

How out 2 can be seen, there is the vibration isolator 10 of two main parts, namely an effective at least predominantly in the vertical direction first insulating part 20 and a horizontally effective kinematic second isolation part 40 , The first isolation part 20 points between a plate-like base 21 by means of anchoring elements 21.1 can be anchored in the ground, and a holding plate spaced above it in parallel 30 an insulating arrangement of an inner insulating package 27 and surrounding further insulating pieces 25 made of elastomeric material and a steel spring assembly with in this case a central, with its axis vertically oriented coil spring. The elastomeric interior insulating package 27 is on its outside by means of an internal support 26 with the insulating package 27 adjacent oblique, upwardly diverging support surfaces 26.1 supported, in turn, based on 21 are stored. The at least partially circumferential inner support 26 forms a kind of inner tub, which is formed in plan view, for example, square, rectangular or round. Outside the inner tub are the base 21 and the holding plate 30 between which the interior insulation package 27 and the coil spring 28 are clamped over Verspannmittel 24 For example, in the form of rods with interlocking rings coupled together so that the vertical vibration is limited by the rings. The upper edge of the inner support 26 is from the bottom of the retaining plate 30 spaced, so that the required deflection in the vertical direction is not hindered. The other, vertically arranged insulating pieces 25 outside the inner tub support the retaining plate 30 also elastic and are on their outside by further vertically arranged outer insulation packages 23 also surrounded by elastomeric material, the vertical inner surfaces of a surrounding, an outer tub forming outer support 22 adjoin. The outer support 22 is eg by means of screws with the base 21 connected and provided with oblique support elements on its outside. The insulating pieces of the outer insulation package 23 surround the holding plate 30 as well as side sections 32 one on the retaining plate 30 arranged base plate 31 of the second insulating part 40 so that the retaining plate 30 and the base plate 31 are also elastically supported in the horizontal direction. The outer tub is also formed in plan view, for example, round, square or rectangular.

The second isolation part 40 has one above the base plate 31 spaced from this arranged top plate 41 with side parts 42 on. Between the headstock 41 and the retaining plate 30 is a rolling body 50 arranged in the form of a sphere. Laterally are the holding plate 30 and the headstock 41 in the area of the side sections 32 and side panels 42 by means of coupling links 51 in the form of articulated rods coupled together. The bars are in the side sections 32 and side panels 42 each mounted rotatably with balls. The mutually facing sides of the base plate 31 and the top plate 41 are with dome-shaped monologues 31.1 respectively. 41.1 provided, wherein the rolling body 50 at rest centrally between the formed hollow surfaces 31.1 and 41.1 is included. In horizontal vibrations, the top plate can 41 relative to the base plate 31 move, being the rolling body 50 on the facing hollow surfaces 31.1 . 41.1 unwinds and by the friction also a damping is effected. The natural frequency of the kinematic insulation part thus formed 40 can by the radius of curvature of the dome-shaped hollow surfaces 31.1 . 41.1 be determined, the present case is the same for both congruent superimposed hollow surfaces. In plan view is also the second isolation part 40 round, square or rectangular.

At the in 3 shown further Ausfüh Approx tion is compared to the previous embodiment, the coil spring 28 by a downwardly convex leaf spring arrangement 28 ' replaced, which may be formed of several intersecting leaf springs and in the center on the base 21 by means of a core element 29 is supported. In the leaf spring assembly, the insulation assembly is not sandwiched between the base 21 and the retaining plate 30 biased.

The second main part or insulation part 40 with the between the base plate 31 and the top plate 41 stored rolling elements 50 in the form of a sphere and with the example four overload bars in the form of the coupling links 51 has increasing resistance as the horizontal displacement increases. The overload protection can be achieved instead of the rods by eg four steel chains, for example, 30% longer than the distance between the base plate 31 and the top plate 41 at the zero position of the ball 50 are. In doing so, the rods are attached to the base plate 31 and the top plate 41 are spherical stored, replaced by hydraulic damper or friction damper. The dimensions, especially the diameter of the ball 50 and the radii of curvature of the hollow surfaces 31.1 . 41.1 are adjusted to the regional earthquake properties. Through this kinematically acting isolation part 40 the dangerous horizontal earthquake effects are reduced.

By means of the first insulating part 20 seismic actions are isolated and dampened, especially in the vertical direction, with the steel springs 28 respectively. 28 ' and the highly elastic and highly damped insulating packages of the elastomeric material with or without steel reinforcement are effective in combination with each other. Through the first insulation part 20 But also horizontal vibrations are reduced, as they occur, for example, the excitement of road traffic, rail vehicles or the operation of machinery and weak earthquakes. The over the bracing 24 in the form of rods with rings interconnected and optionally biased base 21 and holding plate 30 are spaced apart so that the intermeshing rings of the respective clamping means 24 are free under a static load, so that a dynamic amplitude can be recorded, which corresponds at most to the radius of a ring. At the present static load, the maximum static deflection is as large as the radius of a ring. With the isolation part 20 It is possible to realize a relatively low tuning of the natural frequency and a high degree of damping at low contact surfaces, the building 1 is placed on the elastic and damping bearings to reduce floor vibrations. This type of vibration reduction is called receiver isolation.

Because steel springs, especially the coil springs 28 are elastic in all spatial directions, they can be used with advantage for vibration isolation at low excitations. The longitudinal and transverse stiffness of a coil spring can be determined relatively easily with the material properties and their dimensions. They are suitable for vibration isolation with a relatively low natural frequency of, for example, between 0.5 Hz to 8 Hz. However, steel springs have a low material damping, which is achieved by the damping of Isolierpakete from the elastomeric material. Also, by the constructed in the manner described first insulating part 20 dangerous tilting movements of the building 1 avoided, which can arise in itself by the use of steel springs, since the steel springs, in particular coil springs, have very low horizontal natural frequencies, which are stimulated resonance by earthquakes. Also, by the construction of the first insulating part 20 a blockage occurring in steel springs, which occurs in steel springs during strong earthquakes, because the relative movements between the building 1 and the background are greater than the permissible relative to steel springs relative movements.

Apart from the horizontal instabilities in steel springs, a building can 1 be mounted elastically on steel springs in the vertical direction up to a natural frequency of 1.5 Hz and in the horizontal direction up to 0.5 Hz, which is not possible with elastomer layers. A disadvantage over elastomer layers is the lower material damping of, for example, 0.2%. Another disadvantage of steel springs or coil springs is that they require a horizontal amplitude of about 1000 mm in order to achieve a horizontal natural frequency of 0.5 Hz. With such a large amplitude, the turns of a coil spring are extended. Thus, a building stored on such elements is not stable. These disadvantages are lationsteil in the present structure by the elastomeric Isolierpakete and in the horizontal direction through the second Iso 40 avoided. Even if the steel springs break, the building remains 1 on the vibration isolators 10 stand.

The use of elastomers per se also results in vibration-isolated storage of buildings, but the attainable vertical storage natural frequency is generally greater than 10 Hz. By Isolierpakete, which are formed by stratification of elastomers, a vertical natural frequency of 5 Hz can be achieved, whereby the elastic support of a load, such as a building is significantly improved. However, such soft elastomers le diglich with relatively low loads (up to a maximum of 0.5 N / mm ^2, for example) are claimed. As a result, large bearing surfaces would be required to accommodate large static loads. Furthermore, with desired high damping of the elastomers, which can be up to 40%, for example, the creep properties are disadvantageous. In combination with the steel springs according to the above-described construction of the first insulating part 20 Such disadvantages are avoided and achieved an increase in the load capacity of the vibration isolator and low vertical natural frequencies, which are essential for a seismic protection. With the first insulation part 20 For example, a deep vertical natural frequency of, for example, 1.5 to 3 Hz can be achieved with a relatively high attenuation of, for example, up to 30% in the case of storage for buildings. It can accommodate large loads with small contact surfaces.

When using the leaf springs 28 ' is considered a core element 29 a steel block on the base plate 21 firmly attached, on which the crossed leaf springs 28 ' are supported. In the free spaces below and above the leaf springs 28 ' are placed highly damped elastic elastomers.

Through the sloping support surfaces 26.1 in conjunction with the adjacent elastomeric insulating packages 27 can have similar natural frequencies in the vertical and horizontal directions of the first insulating part 20 can be achieved, with the inclination angle, the natural frequencies in the vertical and horizontal directions can be adjusted as required. The one with the first insulation part 20 achievable relatively low vertical natural frequencies of eg 1.5 Hz to 4 Hz provide effective seismic protection. The thereby still lower required horizontal natural frequencies are by means of the second insulating part 40 guaranteed, with horizontal displacements, for example, a maximum of 250 mm. The earthquake protection remains stable.

Of the Seismic protection in the form of vibration isolation device is Advantageously designed to be in any horizontal direction has the same dynamic properties. Also will be occurring Tension and tilting moments added and vertical and horizontal Restoring forces through Ensures the elastic and rolling elements. The damping and suspension properties remain the same even with the cyclical loads. The steel springs or leaf springs also result in a demanding fine resistance. Also becomes a high resistance against environmental influences achieved, including the metal parts advantageous stainless steel manufactured or clad.

measurements The inventors have shown that with the vibration isolation device according to the described Construction of a considerable earthquake protection with different regional earthquake excitations can achieve.

Claims (6)

Vibration isolation device, in particular for seismic protection of buildings, with two insulation parts combined together ( 20 . 40 ), of which the first ( 20 ) is effective at least predominantly in the vertical direction and an elastic and damping, between a horizontal base ( 21 ) and a spaced above it holding plate ( 30 ) accommodated Isolierpaketanordnung ( 27 ) having at least one elastomeric body and having a metal spring arrangement ( 28 . 28 ' ) is provided, and the second (40) at least predominantly in the horizontal direction and effective as a kinematic insulation member having two horizontally relative to each other movable rigid bodies ( 31 . 41 ) and at least one interposed spherical roller body ( 50 ) or sliding body is formed, characterized in that the Isolierpaketanordnung ( 27 ) laterally from a rigid support device ( 26 . 22 ) is at least largely contained that the metal spring assembly ( 28 . 28 ' ) also between the horizontal base ( 21 ) and the retaining plate ( 30 ) that the two bodies ( 31 . 41 ) of the second isolation part ( 40 ) plate-shaped as a base plate ( 31 ) and as a head plate ( 41 ) are formed, wherein the base plate ( 31 ) with the first insulation part ( 20 ) and the top plate ( 41 ) to connect to the building ( 1 ) are formed such that at least one of the bodies ( 31 . 41 ) on his other body ( 41 . 31 ) facing side with a dome-shaped monotony ( 31.1 . 41.4 ) and that the rolling body ( 50 ) at rest, centrally in the or the one-time payments ( 31.1 . 41.1 ) are arranged. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting device ( 26 . 22 ) to the elastomer body or bodies ( 27 ) adjacent sloping or curved support surfaces ( 26.1 ), which diverge upwards. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the base ( 21 ) and the retaining plate ( 30 ) by means of at least one, the oscillation amplitude in the vertical direction limiting clamping means ( 24 ) are held together. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first insulating part ( 20 ) outer insulation packages ( 23 ) having, the vertical insides of surrounding outer supports ( 22 ). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal spring arrangement as at least one with its axis vertically directed coil spring ( 28 ) or at least one leaf spring ( 28 ' ) is trained. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two bodies ( 31 . 41 ) by means of articulated coupling members ( 51 ) are coupled together.