DE10353907A1 - Vibration insulating device, especially for earthquake protection of buildings, has first insulating component acting predominantly in vertical direction combined with second insulating component acting in horizontal direction - Google Patents

Abstract

The vibration insulating device (10), especially for the earthquake protection of buildings (1), has a first insulating component acting predominantly in the vertical direction, and a combination of an elastic and damping insulating packet assembly with a metal spring arrangement. The first insulating component is combined with a second insulating component acting at least predominantly in the horizontal direction and constructed as a kinematic insulating component.

Description

The The invention relates to a vibration isolation device especially for the seismic protection of buildings with a first insulating part, at least predominantly in the vertical direction is effective and a combination of an elastic and damping Having Isolierpaketanordnung with a metal spring assembly.

Such a vibration isolation device is not previously published DE 102 33 804 A1 and similarly in the DE 102 33 023 A1 specified. In this case, elastomeric bodies are arranged as insulating packages on a base unit and laterally supported on surrounding supporting bodies with oblique, upwardly diverging support surfaces. In addition, the Isolierelementanordnung may have steel springs. By means of such a vibration isolation device can preferably in the vertical direction loads against vibrations, which are transmitted, for example, from the ground, the loads by the combination of the elastomeric Isolierpakete with the steel springs or in particular at low frequencies, for example, 5 Hz up to Frequencies of eg 0.5 Hz are effectively isolated. The insulating packages have a high elasticity and damping effect, while the steel springs are elastic in all spatial directions, but only have a low material damping. Due to the oblique support of the Isolierpakete a relatively effective isolation of horizontal vibrations is achieved in this structure also compared to a merely horizontally directed support of the insulating package, but which is not sufficient for example for a reliable earthquake protection of buildings.

earthquake effect in buildings Loads spatial Nature, in horizontal directions stronger than in the vertical direction pronounced are. Seismic protection guidelines usually only consider the horizontal earthquake excitations in cuboid skyscrapers. At the Proof of the stability of buildings, however, are also the vertical, i.e. overall the spatial To consider the effects of earthquakes. The frequency content and the amplitude distribution of the earthquakes are Moreover, regionally different, so for a reliable and especially economic seismic protection also the regional ones Properties of the earthquake are to be considered.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a vibration isolation device of the type mentioned above to provide, with by spatial excitement caused vibrations, as they occur in earthquake excitations, preferably be isolated effectively.

These The object is achieved with the features of claim 1. in this connection is provided that the first insulating part with an at least predominantly combined in the horizontal direction effective second isolation part is, which is designed as a kinematic isolation part.

By the combination of the first, especially in the vertical direction effective Isolation parts with the said structure and especially in horizontal Direction effective kinematic isolation part becomes an effective Isolation of spatial vibrations achieved, in particular, larger horizontal vibration amplitudes be isolated with frequency content, as they occur in earthquakes. The structure allows also a relatively simple design for earthquakes in different regions.

The operability the vibration isolation device is thereby favored that the Isolierpaketanordnung comprises at least one elastomeric body and laterally from a rigid support device at least largely is enclosed.

Of the first insulation part possesses besides an effective vertical insulating capacity already an advantageous horizontal insulation ability, if it is provided that the supporting device to the or the elastomeric body adjacent sloping or curved Having support surfaces, which diverge upwards. An optimization can thereby by Design of the steepness of the support surfaces made become.

One for one stable construction and safe function advantageous training is further that at least partially the Isolierpaketanordnung and the metal spring assembly between a horizontal base and a spaced above it Holding plate are added.

The Mode of action for building insulation is also through the measures support that the base and the holding plate by means of at least one, the Vibration amplitude in the vertical direction limiting tensioning means are held together.

is provided that the first insulation part has outer insulation packages, which are adjacent to vertical inner sides of surrounding outer supports, the stability the arrangement and the vibration isolation supported.

For an advantageous functionality in a compact design, the measures contribute that the metal spring assembly as at least one with its axis vertically directed helical spring or min At least one leaf spring is formed, which is convexly curved, for example, down or up. Several leaf springs can be arranged, for example, crossed and supported by a rigid or elastic core.

The horizontal vibration components are effectively isolated by that the second insulating part is two horizontally relative to each other movable rigid body and at least one intermediate roll body or sliding body having. A damping will be there in the attenuation made of elastomers achieved by the friction of the rolling body or slider. The damping affects a system globally.

The operability of the kinematic isolation part is thereby favored that at least one of the body on his other body facing side provided with a dome-shaped monotony is and that of the rolling body spherical is trained and at rest centrally in the or the one-time payments are arranged. The natural frequency can be determined by the radius of curvature the dome-shaped Imputation (s) are affected.

One stable, compact construction is obtained by the two body plate-shaped are formed as a base plate and a top plate, wherein the base plate firmly connected to the first insulating part and the top plate to connect to the building or at a reverse arrangement - with formed a background.

The stability and a horizontal limitation of the deflection thereby achieved or favored, that the two bodies by means of articulated coupling links to each other are coupled.

The Invention will now be described with reference to exemplary embodiments with reference closer to the drawings explained. Show it:

1 a building set up on several vibration isolators,

2 a first embodiment of a vibration isolator in cross section and

3 a further embodiment of a vibration isolator in cross section.

As 1 shows, becomes a building 1 , eg a one-storey or multi-storey house, on several vibration isolators 10 placed on a stable surface or foundation 2 are anchored.

How out 2 can be seen, there is the vibration isolator 10 of two main parts, namely an effective at least predominantly in the vertical direction first insulating part 20 and a horizontally effective kinematic second isolation part 40 , The first isolation part 20 points between a plate-like base 21 by means of anchoring elements 21.1 can be anchored in the ground, and a holding plate spaced above it in parallel 30 an insulating arrangement of an inner insulating package 27 and surrounding further insulating pieces 25 made of elastomeric material and a steel spring assembly with in this case a central, with its axis vertically oriented coil spring. The elastomeric interior insulating package 27 is on its outside by means of an internal support 26 with the insulating package 27 adjacent oblique, upwardly diverging support surfaces 26.1 supported, in turn, based on 21 are stored. The at least partially circumferential inner support 26 forms a kind of inner tub, which is formed in plan view, for example, square, rectangular or round. Outside the inner tub are the base 21 and the holding plate 30 between which the interior insulation package 27 and the coil spring 28 are clamped over Verspannmittel 24 For example, in the form of rods with interlocking rings coupled together so that the vertical vibration is limited by the rings. The upper edge of the inner support 26 is from the bottom of the retaining plate 30 spaced, so that the required deflection in the vertical direction is not hindered. The other, vertically arranged insulating pieces 25 outside the inner tub support the retaining plate 30 also elastic and are on their outside by further vertically arranged outer insulation packages 23 also surrounded by elastomeric material, the vertical inner surfaces of a surrounding, an outer tub forming outer support 22 adjoin. The outer support 22 is eg by means of screws with the base 21 connected and provided with oblique support elements on its outside. The insulating pieces of the outer insulation package 23 surround the holding plate 30 as well as side sections 32 one on the retaining plate 30 arranged base plate 31 of the second insulating part 40 so that the retaining plate 30 and the base plate 31 are also elastically supported in the horizontal direction. The outer tub is also formed in plan view, for example, round, square or rectangular.

The second isolation part 40 has one above the base plate 31 spaced from this arranged top plate 41 with side parts 42 on. Between the headstock 41 and the retaining plate 30 is a rolling body 50 arranged in the form of a sphere. Laterally are the holding plate 30 and the headstock 41 in the area of the side sections 32 and side panels 42 by means of coupling links 51 in the form of articulated rods coupled together. The bars are in the side sections 32 and side panels 42 each mounted rotatably with balls. The mutually facing sides of the base plate 31 and the top plate 41 are with dome-shaped monologues 31.1 respectively. 41.1 provided, wherein the rolling body 50 at rest centrally between the formed hollow surfaces 31.1 and 41.1 is included. In horizontal vibrations, the top plate can 41 relative to the base plate 31 move, being the rolling body 50 on the facing hollow surfaces 31.1 . 41.1 unwinds and by the friction also a damping is effected. The natural frequency of the kinematic insulation part thus formed 40 can by the radius of curvature of the dome-shaped hollow surfaces 31.1 . 41.1 be determined, the present case is the same for both congruent superimposed hollow surfaces. In plan view is also the second isolation part 40 round, square or rectangular.

At the in 3 shown further embodiment is compared to the previous embodiment, the coil spring 28 by a downwardly convex leaf spring arrangement 28 ' replaced, which may be formed of several intersecting leaf springs and in the center on the base 21 by means of a core element 29 is supported. In the leaf spring assembly, the insulation assembly is not sandwiched between the base 21 and the retaining plate 30 biased.

The second main part or insulation part 40 with the between the base plate 31 and the top plate 41 stored rolling elements 50 in the form of a sphere and with the example four overload bars in the form of the coupling links 51 has increasing resistance as the horizontal displacement increases. The overload protection can be achieved instead of the rods by eg four steel chains, for example, 30% longer than the distance between the base plate 31 and the top plate 41 at the zero position of the ball 50 are. In doing so, the rods are attached to the base plate 31 and the top plate 41 are spherical stored, replaced by hydraulic damper or friction damper. The dimensions, especially the diameter of the ball 50 and the radii of curvature of the hollow surfaces 31.1 . 41.1 are adjusted to the regional earthquake properties. Through this kinematically acting isolation part 40 the dangerous horizontal earthquake effects are reduced.

By means of the first insulating part 20 seismic actions are isolated and dampened, especially in the vertical direction, with the steel springs 28 respectively. 28 ' and the highly elastic and highly damped insulating packages of the elastomeric material with or without steel reinforcement are effective in combination with each other. Through the first insulation part 20 But also horizontal vibrations are reduced, as they occur, for example, the excitement of road traffic, rail vehicles or the operation of machinery and weak earthquakes. The over the bracing 24 in the form of rods with rings interconnected and optionally biased base 21 and holding plate 30 are spaced apart so that the intermeshing rings of the respective clamping means 24 are free under a static load, so that a dynamic amplitude can be recorded, which corresponds at most to the radius of a ring. At the present static load, the maximum static deflection is as large as the radius of a ring. With the isolation part 20 It is possible to realize a relatively low tuning of the natural frequency and a high degree of damping at low contact surfaces, the building 1 is placed on the elastic and damping bearings to reduce floor vibrations. This type of vibration reduction is called receiver isolation.

Because steel springs, especially the coil springs 28 are elastic in all spatial directions, they can be used with advantage for vibration isolation at low excitations. The longitudinal and transverse stiffness of a coil spring can be determined relatively easily with the material properties and their dimensions. They are suitable for vibration isolation with a relatively low natural frequency of, for example, between 0.5 Hz to 8 Hz. However, steel springs have a low material damping, which is achieved by the damping of Isolierpakete from the elastomeric material. Also, by the constructed in the manner described first insulating part 20 dangerous tilting movements of the building 1 avoided, which can arise in itself by the use of steel springs, since the steel springs, in particular coil springs, have very low horizontal natural frequencies, which are stimulated resonance by earthquakes. Also, by the construction of the first insulating part 20 a blockage occurring in steel springs, which occurs in steel springs during strong earthquakes, because the relative movements between the building 1 and the background are greater than the permissible relative to steel springs relative movements.

Apart from the horizontal instabilities in steel springs, a building can 1 be mounted elastically on steel springs in the vertical direction up to a natural frequency of 1.5 Hz and in the horizontal direction up to 0.5 Hz, which is not possible with elastomer layers. A disadvantage over elastomer layers is the lower material damping of, for example, 0.2%. Another disadvantage of steel springs or coil springs is that they require a horizontal amplitude of about 1000 mm to produce a ho to achieve a natural frequency of 0.5 Hz. With such a large amplitude, the turns of a coil spring are extended. Thus, a building stored on such elements is not stable. These disadvantages are lationsteil in the present structure by the elastomeric Isolierpakete and in the horizontal direction through the second Iso 40 avoided. Even if the steel springs break, the building remains 1 on the vibration isolators 10 stand.

The use of elastomers per se also results in vibration-isolated storage of buildings, but the attainable vertical storage natural frequency is generally greater than 10 Hz. By Isolierpakete, which are formed by stratification of elastomers, a vertical natural frequency of 5 Hz can be achieved, whereby the elastic support of a load, such as a building is significantly improved. However, such soft elastomers can only be stressed with relatively low loads (up to, for example, 0.5 N / mm ² ). As a result, large bearing surfaces would be required to accommodate large static loads. Furthermore, with desired high damping of the elastomers, which can be up to 40%, for example, the creep properties are disadvantageous. In combination with the steel springs according to the above-described construction of the first insulating part 20 Such disadvantages are avoided and achieved an increase in the load capacity of the vibration isolator and low vertical natural frequencies, which are essential for a seismic protection. With the first insulation part 20 For example, a deep vertical natural frequency of, for example, 1.5 to 3 Hz can be achieved with a relatively high attenuation of, for example, up to 30% in the case of storage for buildings. It can accommodate large loads with small contact surfaces.

When using the leaf springs 28 ' is considered a core element 29 a steel block on the base plate 21 firmly attached, on which the crossed leaf springs 28 ' are supported. In the free spaces below and above the leaf springs 28 ' are placed highly damped elastic elastomers.

Through the sloping support surfaces 26.1 in conjunction with the adjacent elastomeric insulating packages 27 can have similar natural frequencies in the vertical and horizontal directions of the first insulating part 20 can be achieved, with the inclination angle, the natural frequencies in the vertical and horizontal directions can be adjusted as required. The one with the first insulation part 20 achievable relatively low vertical natural frequencies of eg 1.5 Hz to 4 Hz provide effective seismic protection. The thereby still lower required horizontal natural frequencies are by means of the second insulating part 40 guaranteed, with horizontal displacements, for example, a maximum of 250 mm. The earthquake protection remains stable.

Of the Seismic protection in the form of vibration isolation device is Advantageously designed to be in any horizontal direction has the same dynamic properties. Also will be occurring Tension and tilting moments added and vertical and horizontal Restoring forces through Ensures the elastic and rolling elements. The damping and suspension properties remain the same even with the cyclical loads. The steel springs or leaf springs also result in a demanding fine resistance. Also becomes a high resistance against environmental influences achieved, including the metal parts advantageous stainless steel manufactured or clad.

measurements The inventors have shown that with the vibration isolation device according to the described Construction of a considerable earthquake protection with different regional earthquake excitations can achieve.

Claims (11)

Vibration isolation device, in particular for seismic protection of buildings with a first insulation part ( 20 ), which is effective at least predominantly in the vertical direction, and a combination of an elastic and damping Isolierpaketanordnung ( 27 ) with a metal spring arrangement ( 28 . 28 ' ), characterized in that the first insulation part ( 20 ) with an at least predominantly in the horizontal direction effective second insulating part ( 40 ) is combined, which is designed as a kinematic isolation part. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the Isolierpaketanordnung ( 27 ) has at least one elastomeric body and laterally from a rigid support device ( 26 . 22 ) is at least largely contained. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the supporting device ( 26 . 22 ) to the elastomer body or bodies ( 27 ) adjacent sloping or curved support surfaces ( 26.1 ), which diverge upwards. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least partially the Isolierpaketanordnung ( 27 ) and the metal spring arrangement ( 28 . 28 ' ) between a horizontal base ( 21 ) and a spaced above it holding plate ( 30 ) are included. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized ge indicates that the base ( 21 ) and the retaining plate ( 30 ) by means of at least one, the oscillation amplitude in the vertical direction limiting clamping means ( 24 ) is held together. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first insulating part ( 20 ) outer insulation packages ( 23 ) on vertical inner sides of surrounding outer supports ( 22 ). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal spring arrangement as at least one with its axis vertically directed coil spring ( 28 ) or at least one leaf spring ( 28 ' ) is trained. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second insulating part ( 40 ) two horizontally relative to each other movable rigid body ( 31 . 41 ) and at least one intermediate rolling body ( 50 ) or sliding body. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one of the bodies ( 31 . 41 ) on his other body ( 41 . 31 ) facing side with a dome-shaped monotony ( 31.1 . 41.1 ) and that the rolling body ( 50 ) is spherical in shape and at rest centrally in the one or more ( 31.1 . 41.1 ) are arranged. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the two bodies are plate-shaped as a base plate ( 31 ) and as a head plate ( 41 ) are formed, wherein the base plate ( 31 ) with the first insulation part ( 20 ) and the top plate ( 41 ) to connect to the building ( 1 ) or - in a reverse arrangement - are formed with a substrate. Device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the two bodies ( 31 . 41 ) by means of articulated coupling members ( 51 ) are coupled together.