DE10311199B4 - Infinitely lockable locking device - Google Patents

Abstract

infinitely variable Lockable locking device, consisting of a fluid-filled housing and a Wave, which is the case penetrates on one side, characterized in that in the casing (2) a thrust bearing (7) is arranged, which with the shaft (5) connected is that in the housing (2) a device (9) for generating a pressing force available is, which presses the thrust bearing (7) against a surface (3, 16) of the housing (2) and that on the one with the case (2) to be brought into contact area (8, 15) of the track bearing (7) at least two pockets (10) are.

Description

object The invention is a continuously lockable locking device with a fluid-filled casing and a shaft that covers the case penetrates on one side. The locking device is used on pivotally mounted parts, preferably on doors of Motor vehicles.

at such infinitely lockable locking devices it is known, an axially movable piston rod in one with a fluid filled cylinder to arrange. In the piston rod a blocking valve is provided, which allows stepless locking of the piston rod. An additional Safety valve guaranteed the protection of the locking device from damage that occurs when large the locking device acting forces can occur. Over a Picture taken at the protruding from the cylinder end of the piston rod is, the locking device with the to be pivoted Component connected. The piston rod opposite end of the cylinder also has a receptacle with which the locking device is attached to a second component, on which also to be pivoted Component is posted. The locking device is therefore in their axial extent perpendicular to the pivot axis of the to be pivoted Component arranged.

by virtue of the cylinder and the piston rod arranged therein has the Locking device a big one Length. Especially with motor vehicle doors the locking device is located substantially in the interior the motor vehicle door, so that the required by the locking device Space for other facilities is not available. The variety of Components increased In addition, the effort for the locking device in the manufacture and assembly.

Furthermore, from the utility model DE 85 00 855 U1 a hydraulic adjustment with blocking known, which has an axially movable piston rod in a cylinder filled with a fluid. In the piston, a blocking valve is provided, which allows the stepless blocking of the adjusting element, wherein the blocking or the lifting of the blocking is carried out by means of an actuator guided by the hollow piston rod. Again, the adjustment on a large length. Another disadvantage is due to the fact that the actuator must be kept pressed during the movement process constantly from the outside, which is why a komizizierter structure outside the adjustment is necessary to ensure a comfortable use.

Of the The present invention is therefore based on the object, a continuously variable to provide lockable locking device, which has a small Has installation space. The locking device should beyond preferably easy to be in the production, installation and maintenance.

These Task is inventively characterized solved, that in the housing a thrust bearing is arranged, which is connected to a shaft is that in the housing a device for generating a pressing force is present, which is the Spur bearing against a surface of the housing presses and that at the with the housing in touch bringable area of the track bearing at least two pockets are arranged.

While the Device for generating a contact pressure for blocking the locking device is used, the shaft bearing is rotated upon rotation of the shaft. The However, rotation only starts when it is exceeded a limit torque, the in the locked state of the locking device a same size Counteracts adhesion torque. The adhesion torque is due to the stiction between the thrust bearing and the housing side, in contact with the thrust bearing stands. Once the limit torque is reached, the stiction goes in a mixed friction, consisting of liquid and solid friction over. Increases the speed of the shaft, the transition speed of the shaft and thus reached the track warehouse. At this speed goes the Mixed friction in a hydrodynamic liquid friction over. When As a result, the adhesion torque decreases and the shaft can be turn it slightly. The thrust bearing now slides on a liquid film, which is between the case and trains the thrust bearing. The liquid film is created through the pockets in the track warehouse. When the thrust bearing is moved, it gets into the pockets existing fluid due to its inertia in the direction of rotation opposite ends of the pockets. Because of in those areas increasing fluid pressure, the thrust bearing is moved against the contact pressure. The fluid flowing into the gap between the thrust bearing and the housing forms the liquid film, the ultimately smooth-running Moving the locking device ensured.

The most significant advantage of the locking device according to the invention is that in the thrust bearing in conjunction with the shaft, a blocking element was found, which requires a very small space. The locking device is therefore more versatile. Furthermore, the locking device is characterized by a particularly low transition speed, which is achieved almost immediately with the operation of the locking device. As a result, the locking device is smooth. In addition, the locking device has a few components, whereby the production and installation of the locking device is inexpensive. Another resulting advantage is the low weight of the locking device.

To the Actuate the locking device is at the upper end of the shaft and vertical attached to this an actuating element, which with the to be pivoted Part communicates. This allows the arrangement of the shaft in the pivot axis of the part to be pivoted. The locking device must therefore no longer be located inside the part to be pivoted, but can be outside be attached. Especially for motor vehicle doors that has the advantage that in the door space for others Facilities is available because the locking device due to their small size space in the hinge area of the door place. By a suitable choice of the fluid and the design of the track warehouse can be the transition speed, in which the mixed friction passes into the hydrodynamic fluid friction, reduce.

When very cheap have proven to be incompressible fluids, since these fluids almost without delay Build up pressure.

is the thrust bearing in particular integrally formed as a disc whose Bottom with a bottom plate of the housing is in contact and against the bottom of the case acts, so the thrust bearing can be made relatively flat. The locking device needed therefore little space in the axial extension.

In In another embodiment, the thrust bearing consists of at least two radially movable circular arc-shaped segments whose outer radial circumferential lateral surfaces with the circular inner radially circumferential circumferential surface of the housing can be brought into contact. The thrust bearing has continue over a central component to which the shaft is attached. The device for generating the pressing force is between the segments or the segments and the central one Component arranged. This locking device is due to the variations Adaptable in design to a variety of installation locations. So can equal high locking forces with a locking device with small diameter and larger axial Extension as well as smaller axial extent and larger diameter to reach. To limit the mechanical effort for the locking device the number of segments is advantageously between two and four.

A Load on the housing is avoided if the thrust bearing at least two radially movable circular Has segments, the inner circular arc-shaped radially circumferential lateral surfaces each other are facing and with the outer radial circumferential lateral surface of the central component of this umschließ bring into contact.

there can the central component of the track bearing rotatably arranged to the housing and the segments, preferably over in guide grooves protruding driver, be connected to the shaft.

at the design of the track bearing comes the bags and their arrangement special importance. In a one-piece, disc-shaped thrust bearing It has been found to be advantageous, the pockets in the radially outer region to arrange the track warehouse. In this area of the track bearing occurs the largest radial Speed up, due to which the fluid pressure is fast builds.

Around one possible huge To achieve fluid pressure are possible many pockets in the radially outer area arranged. This is achieved by changing the length of the pockets in the direction of rotation as small as possible is held.

With the arrangement of additional Bags in the radially inner region of the track bearing can be further increase the fluid pressure. Due to the higher pressure The thrust bearing can be moved against a larger contact pressure become. Has a greater contact pressure again the advantage that with the locking device reaches high locking forces in the locked state become.

To the fast pressure build-up are in the direction of movement of the track bearing directed ends of the pockets formed as bevels. The slopes lead in the Move the thrust bearing to an increased pressure build-up, the faster leads to a lifting of the track bearing. The slopes can both be formed rectilinear and rounded, so that the pockets a trapezoidal or trough-shaped Have cross-section.

Around To achieve an even faster pressure build-up, the bevels are convex educated. Towards the end of the pocket, the slope of the slope becomes smaller, so that End of the bag resembles a slot. Due to the adhesive forces that fills Fluid the pocket end faster and it tends to build up pressure, which causes the lifting of the track bearing.

For a working in both directions locking device slopes are arranged at both ends of the pockets. In a special favorable configuration, the pockets consist only of the two slopes for each direction. On a central region of the pockets with a constant cross section is omitted. As a result, the length of the pockets in the direction of rotation can be shortened, so that more pockets can be arranged.

One Rapid pressure build-up in the pockets is also provided by a suitable Selection of pocket shape achieved. In a one-piece, disc-shaped thrust bearing arranged radially inward or long in the direction of rotation Pockets is a curved design advantageous, wherein the radius of the pockets the distance of the bag from the center of the track bearing corresponds. The curved design of the Bags supported while the forming of the rotation of the track bearing arcuate flow of Fluid.

The arcuate Training the flow is negligible, if the pockets have a short pocket length or arranged radially outward are. In these cases can also executed in a straight line Bags find use, characterized by a simpler manufacture distinguished.

The Material selection of the housing is due to the functions as a friction partner for the thrust bearing and housing certain materials restricted. The arrangement of an additional Component in the housing as a friction partner for allows the thrust bearing an optimized material selection with regard to friction pairing and wear, while the material for the casing now after the housing functions can be optimized.

To the Generating the contact pressure for the In the simplest case, thrust bearing can be a spring device, in particular at least one screw or plate spring can be used. These Feathers are characterized by their simplicity and robustness, whereby the locking device are carried out inexpensively and space-saving can. Dependent on the design of the track bearing is the spring device as Zug- or compression spring formed.

Under certain boundary conditions, the transition speed of the locking device be so high that she when turning the shaft is not reached. This case then occurs one when the for the blocking of the locking device necessary contact forces very big or the pivoting angle is very small. Nevertheless, the transition speed to reach, the locking device is associated with a transmission.

The Transmission can be both between the thrust bearing and the shaft as well disposed between the shaft and a shaft actuating actuator be.

a reliable Protection against environmental influences learns the gearbox when it is located inside the housing. On the other hand Existing locking devices can be easily with the transmission retrofit, if this outside on the housing is attached. An additional casing protects that Gearbox in this case against external influences.

In the locking device can due to temperature influences the pressure conditions in the case change. With a temperature compensation in the form of a housing above the track bearing gas cushion can be particularly simple way to achieve consistent pressure conditions within the housing, whereby the locking device always has the same behavior. Reactions between the gas cushion and the fluid are easy Avoid when a membrane is placed between the two.

embodiments The invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be explained in more detail below. It demonstrate

1 A first embodiment of the locking device according to the invention,

2 the top view of the bottom of the track bearing after 1 .

3a -E different bag cross-sections on average,

4 A second embodiment of the locking device according to the invention

5 a third embodiment of the locking device according to the invention

6 a cross section along the line AA of the embodiment according to 5 ,

In the 1 Locking device shown in section 1 has a housing 2 which consists of a base plate 3 and a cup-shaped part 4 consists. The cup-shaped part 4 is from a wave 5 penetrated, at the upper end perpendicular to the shaft 5 an actuator 6 for actuating the locking device 1 is arranged. The actuator 6 is connected to a part to be pivoted, which is not shown in detail. At the bottom is the shaft 5 rotatably on a thrust bearing 7 attached.

The thrust bearing 7 is designed as a disc with a low axial height. With its bottom 8th is the thrust bearing 7 the unactuated locking device with the bottom plate 3 of the housing 2 in contact. An Fe formed as a helical spring the device 9 pushes the thrust bearing 7 against the bottom plate 3 , The contact force generated by the coil spring blocks the locking device 1 in the dormant state due to the stiction between the bottom plate 3 and the thrust bearing 7 , The bottom 8th has several pockets 10 on.

The housing 2 is for the most part with a fluid 11 filled. Above the fluid 11 there is a gas volume 12 , preferably air, which serves for temperature compensation.

Will the wave 5 through the actuator 6 Turned, it comes in the pockets 10 due to the rotation of the track bearing 7 to build up pressure through the fluid 11 , causing the thrust bearing 7 against the contact pressure of the coil spring 9 is pushed upwards. With this movement of the track bearing 7 , creates a gap between the bottom plate 3 and the thrust bearing 7 that deals with the fluid 11 fills so that the initial stiction with rotation of the track bearing 7 merges into a hydrodynamic liquid friction, which is a smooth movement of the locking device 1 guaranteed.

The bottom 8th of in 2 illustrated track bearing 7 shows possible arrangements of the bags 10 , The bags 10 can be arranged either on only one pitch t1 or multiple pitch circles t1-3. While the bags 10.1 and 10.3 are rectilinear, show the pockets 10.2 a curved embodiment. The ends of the pockets can be both straight as the pockets 10.3 as well as be bent, according to the bags 10.1 . 10.2 ,

The 3a -E show different bag shapes 10 in a section along the direction of rotation after the section AA in 2 , The in 3a shown cross-section is due to its rectangular shape of the simplest and therefore most cost-producible cross-section. The pocket 10.1 in 2 has the cross section according to 3a on.

The pocket 10 according to 3b corresponds to the bag 10.3 out 2 , It has both in the direction of movement of the track bearing 7 directed ends each have a straight bevel 13 , The two slopes 13 close a rectilinear area 14 one, so the bag 10 has a trapezoidal cross-section. The slopes 13 ensure a faster pressure build-up by the fluid 11 as for example a bag after 3a , It is also conceivable the areas where the slopes 13 with the area 14 To round off meeting, so that there is a trough-shaped cross-section. If the rounding is extended to the entire cross-section, an oval, circular section-shaped or elliptical cross-section results in dependence on the degree of rounding 3c is shown.

In the 3d illustrated bag 10 is an evolution of the bag 3b , This bag 10 does not have a straight line area 14 , The slopes 13 border directly on each other. Due to the absence of a straight line area 14 owns the bag 10 a shorter extension in the direction of rotation, so that more such trained pockets can be arranged on a pitch circle.

In 3e is a bag 10 with two convex ends 14 shown. In this embodiment, adhesion forces promote the penetration of the fluid 11 in the ends 14 , so that a rapid pressure build-up can take place.

A second embodiment of the locking device 1 is in 4 shown. In contrast to the execution according to 1 where the thrust bearing 7 over his bottom 8th with the bottom plate 3 comes into contact, blocking the locking device takes place 1 due to the static friction between the outer radial circumferential surface 15 of the track warehouse 7 and the inner radial circumferential surface 16 of the housing 2 , The thrust bearing 7 is designed in several parts and has two arcuate segments 7.1 that is a central component 7.2 include circular cross-section. At the central component 7.2 are two carriers 17 arranged, each in a guide groove 18 in the segments 7.1 intervention. About the drivers 17 become the segments 7.1 rotated as soon as the central component 7.2 is moved, which with a pin 19 the wave 5 rotatably connected.

The segments 7.1 each have two shots 20 taking the pictures 21 of the other segment 7.1 are opposite. In these shots 20 . 21 is ever a disc spring package as a spring device 9 arranged. With the two-sided arrangement of the spring device 9 in the segments 7.1 these are reliably protected against tilting.

In the illustration shown, the locking device 1 actuated. The segments 7.1 are due to the fluid pressure in the pockets 10 on the lateral surface 15 the segments 7.1 are arranged, against the central component 7.2 shifted, so that between the lateral surfaces 15 . 16 A gap 22 forms, with the fluid 11 is filled.

The 5 and 6 show a modification of the track bearing 7 out 4 , The bags 10 are contrary to 4 at the radially inner circumferential lateral surfaces 23 the segments 7.1 arranged, which is the radially encircling lateral surface 24 of the central component 7.2 enclose. The segments 7.1 be about takers 17 rotating moves in the guide grooves 18 the segments 7.1 intervention. The drivers 17 are on the journal 19 arranged. The central component 7.2 circular cross section is fixedly arranged. It's about the segments 7.1 arranged in such a way, which are the drivers 17 free to the central component 7.2 can turn.

In the pictures 20 . 21 the segments 7.1 is ever acting as a tension spring disc spring package 9 clamped the segments 7.1 against the central component 7.2 Pretension.

Will the wave 5 and with it the pin 19 Turned, it comes in the pockets 10 due to the rotation of the segments 7.1 on the central component 7.2 to build up pressure through the fluid 11 , This will make the segments 7.1 against the tensile force of the plate spring packages 9 pressed radially outward and the segments 7.1 with their inner radially circumferential lateral surfaces 23 from the outer radial circumferential surfaces 24 of the central component 7.2 lifted. The locking device 1 can be moved so easily.

1

Locking device

2

casing

3

baseplate

4

cup-shaped part

5

wave

6

actuator

7

thrust bearing

7.1

segment

7.2

central component

8th

bottom

9

spring device

10

bag

10.1

bag

10.2

bag

10.3

bag

11

fluid

12

gas volume

13

slope

14

Area

15

lateral surface

16

lateral surface

17

takeaway

18

guide

19

spigot

20

admission

21

admission

22

gap

23

lateral surfaces

24

lateral surface

Claims (19)

Continuously lockable locking device consisting of a fluid-filled housing and a shaft which penetrates the housing on one side, characterized in that in the housing ( 2 ) a thrust bearing ( 7 ) is arranged, which with the shaft ( 5 ), that in the housing ( 2 ) a device ( 9 ) is present for generating a pressing force that the thrust bearing ( 7 ) against an area ( 3 . 16 ) of the housing ( 2 ) and that at the with the housing ( 2 ) contactable surface ( 8th . 15 ) of the track bearing ( 7 ) at least two pockets ( 10 ) are arranged. Steplessly lockable locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thrust bearing ( 7 ) is designed as a disc whose underside ( 8th ) with a bottom plate ( 3 ) of the housing ( 2 ) is brought into contact. Steplessly lockable locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thrust bearing ( 7 ) at least two radially movable circular arc-shaped segments ( 7.1 ), whose outer radially circumferential lateral surfaces ( 15 ) with the circular inner radial circumferential surface ( 16 ) of the housing ( 2 ) are brought into contact. Steplessly lockable locking device according to claim 3, characterized in that the thrust bearing ( 7 ) a central component ( 7.2 ), which rotatably, preferably in guide grooves ( 18 ) current drivers ( 17 ), with the segments ( 7.1 ) connected is. Steplessly lockable locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thrust bearing ( 7 ) at least two radially movable circular segments ( 7.1 ), whose inner circular radially circumferential lateral surfaces ( 23 ) are facing each other and with the outer radially encircling lateral surface ( 24 ) of the central component ( 7.2 ) are able to bring this into contact. Steplessly lockable locking device according to claim 5, characterized in that the central component ( 7.2 ) of the track bearing ( 7 ) rotatably to the housing ( 2 ) and that the segments ( 7.1 ), preferably via in guide grooves ( 18 ) projecting carriers ( 17 ), with the wave ( 5 ) are connected. Steplessly lockable locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pockets ( 10 ) on a radial circumferential ring line of the track bearing ( 7 ), are preferably arranged radially on the outside. Stepless lockable locking device according to claim 6, characterized in that the Bags ( 10 ) are arranged on several ring lines. Steplessly lockable locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pockets ( 10 ) in the direction of rotation rectangular ( 10.3 ), oval ( 10.1 ) or bent ( 10.2 ) are. Continuously lockable locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the direction of movement of the track bearing ( 7 ) directed ends ( 13 . 14 ) of the bags ( 10 ) are oblique, concave or convex. Steplessly lockable locking device according to claim 10, characterized in that the ends ( 13 . 14 ) Bags ( 10 ) adjoin one another. Steplessly lockable locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the surface ( 3 . 16 ) of the housing ( 2 ) a friction lining ( 23 ) is arranged against which the thrust bearing ( 7 ) is movable. Steplessly lockable locking device according to claim 12, characterized in that the friction lining ( 23 ) as an additional component on the surface ( 3 . 16 ) of the housing ( 2 ), preferably by means of pressing, mountable or by coating can be applied. Steplessly lockable locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device for generating a contact pressure a spring device ( 9 ), which preferably consists of at least one screw or plate spring. Steplessly lockable locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft ( 5 ) with an in particular radially projecting therefrom actuator ( 6 ) connected is. Steplessly lockable locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the shaft ( 5 ) and the thrust bearing ( 7 ) or between the actuator ( 6 ) and the wave ( 5 ) A transmission is arranged. Steplessly lockable locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft ( 5 ) is arranged in the pivot axis of the part to be pivoted. Steplessly lockable locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the housing ( 2 ) above the track bearing ( 7 ) a gas volume ( 12 ), preferably air, is arranged. Steplessly lockable locking device according to claim 18, characterized in that between the gas volume ( 12 ) and the fluid ( 11 ) is arranged a membrane.