DE10261422B4 - Laser welding and soldering method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

Laser welding and soldering process, whereby a laser beam (L) is divided into at least two separately focusable partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) by means of a variable optical arrangement with a lens system, the division of an intensity and the definition of working points (A1, A2) of the Partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) are set on components to be processed by the variable optical arrangement, and the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) generated by means of beam splitting devices (5) by adjusting the beam splitting devices (5) with regard to their power distribution, with regard to their focus position rotation and / or with regard to their operating point distance (X).

Description

The invention relates to laser welding and soldering methods as well as laser welding and soldering apparatus according to the preamble of claims 1 and 19.

In the automotive industry laser beams are increasingly used for material processing, in particular for welding, with high quality requirements in terms of tightness, strength and appearance of the body panels to be joined are made. The z. B. Zinc coating of sheets requires a laser beam design of the individual parts and suitable equipment (machining head, device, etc.) to prevent zinc degassing through the molten bath therethrough. The evaporating zinc otherwise expands explosively and ejects the melt out of the joining zone. If no zinc degassing capabilities can be created, defects such as weld spatter, pores, and craters will result. In the laser welding of coated or coated sheets, in particular sheets coated with zinc, laser welding seams having pores and craters have hitherto been produced in practice on the basis of, above all, zinc degassing. These lead to a risk of corrosion and a poor visual appearance.

Laser soldering seams are subject to increasing demands in terms of optics and strength. Suture dandruff and in some cases connection defects and pores are the most common defects and also lead to a risk of corrosion and a poor visual appearance.

From the DE 199 61 918 C2 is a method for beam splitting a laser beam in at least two Laserstrahlfoki with a variable optical arrangement, in particular a lens system, known, which images the Laserstrahlfoki on a workpiece to be machined. In this case, the use of refractive elements in the variable arrangement produces a double focus from a single focus of a laser beam, wherein the distance and intensity between the foci are freely selectable. Furthermore, the refractive elements are formed in the variable arrangement by two mutually displaceable cylindrical lenses, which are introduced into the laser beam. With this method and a corresponding system for processing workpieces, in particular for laser welding, two laser beams are created whose respective focal position and intensity are mutually variable. Specifically, this is achieved in the prior art used here by a "variable optical wedge", which deflects the laser beam to be imaged onto the workpiece variable and thus generates a variable focus geometry. The variable optical wedge is formed by two cylindrical lenses.

Even if, with such an arrangement, in principle, a laser beam can be directed to two spaced locations variably and with adjustable intensity distribution between the two locations, the adjustment options for adapting to production needs are still very limited and require the concrete arrangement of very complex adjustment devices.

Other techniques for the production of two partial laser beams and their use for material processing are in the WO 98/51442 A1 . DE 196 19 339 A1 . WO 95/11101 A1 . DE 197 51 195 C1 and DE 43 16 829 A1 disclosed.

Furthermore, from the WO 02/087816 A2 to take a laser welding method in which a laser beam is split by means of a beam splitting device into two partial laser beams. In this case, the partial laser beams are adjusted by means of the beam splitting device with regard to their power distribution and their focus position distance. In addition, the two partial laser beams are focused together by means of a lens system, so that the focus points lie in a common plane.

In the JP 04-182087 A a laser processing method is described in which by means of a beam splitting device, a laser beam is split into sub-beams of adjustable power distribution and adjustable operating point distance.

Further laser processing methods, in which a laser beam is split into partial laser beams that can be set with respect to power distribution and operating distance by means of a beam splitting device, are disclosed in US Pat DE 42 02 606 A1 . DE 199 61 918 C2 and JP 2002 160 083 A (abstract) specified.

From the JP 2000 210 785 A (Abstract) A laser welding method is known in which a laser beam having a variable optical arrangement is set into two separately focusable partial laser beams.

All these techniques have in common that they only allow limited adaptation to the requirements of a material processing process and are quite complex on the whole.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a laser welding and soldering method as well as a laser welding and soldering apparatus, with which an improvement in the quality of the laser welds, in particular with regard to optics, strength and corrosion, is achieved.

This object is achieved by a laser welding and soldering according to the claim 1 and a laser welding and soldering apparatus according to claim 19.

The invention thus provides a laser welding and soldering method, wherein a laser beam is split by means of a variable optical arrangement with a lens system in at least two separately focusable partial laser beams, and wherein the division of the intensity and the determination of the impact of the partial laser beams on components to be machined is adjusted by the variable optical arrangement. In this case, the partial laser beams generated by means of beam splitting devices are set by adjusting the beam splitting devices with regard to their power distribution, with respect to their focal position rotation and / or with respect to their operating point spacing.

Thus, according to the present invention, in laser beam soldering and welding seams, variable adjustment of laser beam power and position (x, y, and z directions) to two separate operating points is made. With this method according to the invention, welds without pores, without spatter and without tying defects and generally with improved quality are obtained.

The invention thus generally achieves an improvement in the welding result, in particular on tempered steel sheets, in particular on coated steel sheets and, above all, on zinc-coated steel sheets. The improvement in the quality of laser welding and laser soldering seams is based in particular on the influence of the joining process by means of focus variation in the laser beam, in particular with regard to power and position. The method and apparatus of the present invention employ a variable setting of laser beam power and position (in the x, y, and z directions) to two separate operating points using a corresponding laser processing head and its function in a skilful manner. The laser optics preferably has a movable wedge for the spot variation. In this case serve a lateral displacement of the wedge for the power distribution, a height adjustment of the wedge for the operating point distance and a rotation of the wedge for the focal position twist. Thus, the method and device according to the invention makes it possible to improve the quality of laser beam soldering and welding seams by variably setting the laser beam power and position (x, y and z direction) to two separate operating points.

Preferably, a prism of the beam splitting devices is adjusted transversely to the laser beam in order to adjust the power distribution of the partial laser beams.

According to another preferred embodiment, a prism of the beam splitting devices is rotated about an axis parallel to the laser beam to adjust the focus position rotation of the partial laser beams.

Another preferred variant of the invention is that a prism of the beam splitting devices is adjusted parallel to the laser beam to adjust the operating point distance of the partial laser beams.

It is also advantageous if the prism used is a three-sided prism, of which two sides are facing the incident laser beam and the partial laser beams exit from the third side. Preferably, the two sides of the three-sided prism facing the incident laser beam are equal amounts but inclined in opposite directions to the incident laser beam. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the prism is arranged such that a prism edge faces the incident laser beam and extends transversely thereto.

In the case of the laser welding and soldering method according to the invention, it is also preferred if the focal position height of the operating point of this partial laser beam is adjusted by means of prefocusing devices in the beam path of a partial laser beam. In this case, a converging lens of Prefokussiereinrichtungen can be adjusted parallel to the partial laser beam to adjust the focal position height of the operating point of this partial laser beam.

In a further development of the invention it can be provided that components to be welded are moved at least approximately in the direction of the distance between the two operating points of the two partial laser beams, while the partial laser beams act on the components. A preferred variant of this embodiment is that the components to be welded are moved continuously under the two operating points of the two partial laser beams.

The laser welding and soldering method according to the invention is particularly advantageous when components to be welded are provided at locations to be welded prior to welding at least partially with a coating that have a lower melting point than the components otherwise. It is particularly advantageous if the coating contains or consists of zinc. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the components to be welded are provided with the coating on both sides, at least in the region of the points to be welded. In these versions of the laser welding and soldering method according to the invention, it is also advantageous if the Power distribution, the focus position rotation, the operating point separation and / or possibly the focal position height of the operating points of the partial laser beams is adjusted taking into account treatment requirements of the coating.

Preferably, in the laser welding and soldering method according to the invention it is further provided that the two components are welded along their edges at the edges, or that a fillet weld is formed during welding.

The present invention further provides a laser welding and soldering apparatus having a variable optical arrangement with a lens system designed to divide a laser beam into at least two separately focusable partial laser beams, and distributing the intensity and defining the laser beam Set the impact of the partial laser beams on components to be machined. It is further provided that for generating the partial laser beams beam splitting devices are provided which are adjustable so that the generated partial laser beams are adjusted in terms of their power distribution, with respect to their focal position twist and / or in terms of their operating point distance.

With such laser welding and soldering devices, the same advantages as with the previously described laser welding and soldering method according to the invention are achieved.

An advantageous development of such a laser welding and soldering device is that the beam splitting devices include a prism which is adjustable transversely to the laser beam to adjust the power distribution of the partial laser beams.

According to another preferred embodiment of the laser welding and soldering apparatus according to the invention, it is provided that the beam splitting devices include a prism which is rotatable about an axis parallel to the laser beam in order to adjust the focal position rotation of the partial laser beams.

Furthermore, in the case of the laser welding and soldering device according to the invention, it can be provided with preference that the beam splitting devices contain a prism which is adjusted parallel to the laser beam in order to set the operating point distance of the partial laser beams.

It is preferred in the version with a prism when the prism is a three-sided prism, two sides of which face the incident laser beam and the partial laser beams exit from the third side. Preferably, the two sides of the three-sided prism facing the incident laser beam are inclined by equal amounts, but in opposite directions to the incident laser beam. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the prism is arranged such that a prism edge faces the incident laser beam and extends transversely thereto.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention in the form of the laser welding and soldering apparatus is that in the beam path of a partial laser beam Prefokussiereinrichtungen are provided by means of which the focal position height of the operating point of this partial laser beam is adjustable. This can be further developed by virtue of the fact that the prefocusing devices contain a converging lens which is adjustable parallel to the partial laser beam in order to set the focal position height of the operating point of this partial laser beam.

In the case of the laser welding and soldering apparatus according to the invention, it is further provided with preference that transport means are provided in order to move components to be welded at least approximately in the direction of the distance between the two operating points of the two partial laser beams, while the partial laser beams act on the components. It is further preferred if the transport devices are designed to move the components to be welded continuously under the two operating points of the two partial laser beams.

It is furthermore advantageous if the laser welding and soldering device according to the invention further provides that the power distribution, the focal plane rotation, the operating point separation and / or the focal position height of the operating points of the partial laser beams is at least equal to the treatment requirements of a coating of components to be welded Work locations of the partial laser beams are set.

Other preferred embodiments of the laser welding and soldering device are that two components are welded along their edges at the edges, or that during welding a fillet weld is formed.

Further preferred and / or advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the entire available documents and in particular the respective dependent claims and their combinations.

The invention is based on exemplary embodiments below Referring to the drawing explained in more detail. In the drawing show:

1 a schematic diagram of an essential part of a laser welding and soldering device for the design of partial laser beams and with explanation of the corresponding laser welding and soldering,

2 a schematic schematic diagram of various possibilities in the laser welding and soldering after the 1 and for explaining the corresponding laser welding and soldering method,

3 a bottom view example of a fillet weld with the laser welding and soldering after the 1 and using the appropriate laser welding and soldering method,

4 a plan view example of the fillet weld from the 3 with the laser welding and soldering apparatus according to the 1 and using the appropriate laser welding and soldering method,

5 a plan view example of a laser beam soldering with the laser welding and soldering after the 1 and using the appropriate laser welding and soldering method,

6 a sectional view example of the laser beam soldering from the 5 with the laser welding and soldering apparatus according to the 1 and using the appropriate laser welding and soldering method,

7 a further plan view example of the laser beam soldering from the 5 with the laser welding and soldering apparatus according to the 1 and using the appropriate laser welding and soldering method,

8th a plan view sample recording on a fillet weld according to the prior art with pores,

9 a plan view sample recording on a fillet weld according to the prior art with poor laser weld geometry, and

10 a plan view sample recording on a fillet weld according to the prior art with welding spatter.

The 1 shows an essential component of a laser welding and soldering apparatus 1 in the form of a laser device 2 , In addition, belong to the laser welding and soldering device 1 still transport, adjustment and holding devices for to be welded or soldered components. These transport, adjustment and holding devices do not relate to the gist of the present invention and can be readily selected or assembled by a person skilled in the art from the existing technology, without it being necessary for him to be inventive in the sense of the present invention. In this respect, these components of the laser welding and soldering device 1 not further discussed here.

The laser device 2 contains a suitable laser for performing welding or soldering processes 3 with which a laser beam L is generated. Collimation devices then initially follow in the beam path of the laser beam L. 4 in which a parallel guidance of the laser beam L, or in other words the shaping of the laser beam L into a parallel beam bundle, is accomplished. This parallel beam of laser beam L then encounters beam splitting devices 5 in the present embodiment in a prism 6 consist.

This prism 6 is arranged so that it can be adjusted in directions transverse to the laser beam L, as by the double arrow 7 clarifies what is the setting of the power distribution between two out of the prism 6 emerging partial laser beams TL1 and TL2 is used. Furthermore, the prism is 6 the beam splitting devices 5 in the propagation direction of the laser beam L adjustable, as by the double arrow 8th is clarified, what the setting of the operating distance X (compare 2 ) of the two partial laser beams TL1 and TL2 is used. Besides, the prism is 6 about a lying in the laser beam L in the direction of propagation axis rotatable, as by the double arrow 9 symbolized, which serves to set a focal position rotation of the partial laser beams TL1 and TL2. Individual examples of these adjustment options will be described later with reference to FIGS 2 explained.

To the beam widening devices 5 ie, in the present embodiment, the prism 6 , is a spot variation lens 10 , which exemplarily stands for generally prefocusing, coupled so that they are the adjustments of the prism 6 participates. The spot variation lens 10 is so dimensioned and arranged that only a partial laser beam, in which in the 1 shown embodiment of the partial laser beam TL2, passes through them, the other partial laser beam, in the embodiment of 1 the partial laser beam TL1, but from the spot variation lens 10 unaffected passes this. To adjust the focal position height of an operating point of the partial laser beam TL2 is the spot variation lens 10 in the propagation direction of the Partial laser beam TL2 also compared to the beam splitting devices 5 , ie in the case under consideration, the prism 6 , adjustable.

As the next component in the direction of the beam propagation direction from the laser 3 off contains the laser device 2 a focusing lens 11 which is common to both partial laser beams TL1 and TL2. For the exit of the two partial laser beams TL1 and TL2 from the laser device 2 is still a protective glass 12 provided, the impairment of the optical arrangement 13 containing the collimation devices 4 , the beam splitting devices 5 in the form of the prism 6 , the spot variation lens 10 and the focusing lens 11 includes, to avoid.

When in the 1 shown embodiment with the selected settings of the components of the optical arrangement 13 it is achieved that the partial laser beam TL1 is focused on a working plane E, so that its focal point or spot S1 lies exactly in the point of incidence A1 of the partial laser beam TL1 on the working plane E. By contrast, the partial laser beam TL2 is focused in such a way that its focus lies above the working plane E and an expanded spot S2 is formed at the point of incidence A2 of the partial laser beam TL2.

Without limitation, in the embodiment according to the 1 as beam splitting devices 5 a prism used and specified. However, other beam splitting devices, in particular generally wedges, can be used, although the prism 6 a particularly effective and simple solution for the beam splitting devices 5 represents.

The individual adjustment options of the components of the optical arrangement 13 , ie the adjustment possibilities of the prism 6 and the spot variation lens 10 are realized by suitable mechanisms, which are preferably electrically operated and more preferably electronically controlled. The realization of such drives and controls does not belong to the core of the present invention and can be readily selected and implemented by a person skilled in the art from the existing possibilities without having to be inventive in their own right. An appropriate response to these mechanisms, drives and controls is therefore unnecessary here.

In the 2 are exemplarily two different focus settings, namely on the left in the figure, the focus setting 1 and on the right in the picture the focus setting 2 shown to the operation of the optical arrangement 13 , for the representative only the focusing lens 11 is illustrated and which is generally referred to in the figure as "optics" to clarify.

As already from the 1 becomes clear, is also in the adjustment variants according to the 2 to realize that the laser device 2 and more precisely their optical arrangement or processing optics 13 two spots S1 and S2 projected at the respective points of incidence A1 and A2 in the working plane E on workpieces to be welded or soldered. According to the features of the laser welding and soldering apparatus according to the invention 1 The focus positions and the power distribution as well as the operating point position (or location of the impact locations) and the operating distance can be adjusted.

For example, be with the two in the 2 Adjustment variants shown, the power distribution between the two spots S1 and S2 set so that in the spot S1 65% of the total power and in spot S2 35% of the total power of the laser 3 reaches the respective place of impact or operating point A1 or A2. By twisting the prism 6 (please refer 1 ) according to the double arrow 9 is a rotational adjustment of the two spots S1 and S2 adjustable with respect to a machining direction, such as in the way that the Sport S2 travels offset by 15 °.

Furthermore, the focal position of the partial laser beam TL2 can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the spot variation lens 10 in height (Z direction), as compared to the two settings for focus adjustment 1 and focus adjustment 2 in the picture of 2 becomes clear on the left or right. When focusing 2 is the focus of the partial laser beam TL2 higher, so that the spot S2 has a larger diameter d2 compared to the diameter d1 of the spot S2 in the focus adjustment 1 Has. The energy of the partial laser beam TL2 thus becomes at the focus adjustment 2 opposite to the focus setting 1 delivered to a larger area and is therefore less per unit area.

Finally, as has already been stated above, the working-point spacing, that is to say the distance of the locations A1 and A2 of the partial laser beams TL1 and TL2 or, in other words, the spacing of the spots S1 and S2 can be adjusted by adjusting the prism 6 be adjusted in the propagation direction of the laser beam L. The measure for this is in the 1 designated for clarity only with the distance X.

Not absolutely necessary, but with advantage is provided that, as in the embodiment in the 1 and 2 , the prism 6 the beam splitting devices 5 is a three-sided prism, of which two sides are facing the incident laser beam L and the partial laser beams TL1 and TL2 exit from the third side. Furthermore, not limiting, but it is preferred if the prism with respect to the propagation direction of the Laser beam L is axisymmetric, that is, when the two sides of the three-sided prism facing the incident laser beam L are inclined by equal amounts, but in opposite directions to the incident laser beam L. Also preferred but not mandatory is the prism 6 arranged so that a prism edge facing the incident laser beam L and extends transversely to this.

The spot variation lens 10 may generally be part of Prefokussiereinrichtungen, for which therefore also the reference numeral 10 is used. The prefocusing facilities 10 can as Spotvariationslinse a single convergent lens, parallel to the partial laser beam TL2 according to the in the 1 and 2 shown embodiment can be adjusted to adjust the focal position height of the partial laser beam TL2.

Although it is stated above that transport, adjustment and holding devices including respective controls do not belong to the core of the present invention and therefore are not described separately, but it is advantageous if in particular the transport devices with regard to their operation and control on the function of laser device 2 are coordinated. Depending on the operation of the laser 3 In particular, a continuous movement of components to be welded under the two operating points or points of impact A1 and A2 of the partial laser beams TL1 and TL2 is provided.

With the laser welding and soldering device according to the invention 1 can be produced any welding and soldering seams, in particular fillet welds, joint seams and flanged seams, without intending a restrictive enumeration.

From the entire foregoing description of the embodiment according to the 1 and 2 It can be seen that respective device features lead to corresponding method steps and method steps explained in the same way are carried out on the basis of suitable device features. As such, both the laser welding and soldering method, as well as the laser welding and soldering apparatus are disclosed in terms of any configurations and features as well as feature combinations by taking into account the mutual transmissions of process and device features.

In the 3 and 4 are experimental results of a laser beam welding with the laser welding device according to the invention 1 shown. It was a fillet weld 14 for joining two zinc coated sheet metal parts 15 and 16 generated. In this fillet weld (ie, 0 gap), no pores, spatter, and tying failures have occurred.

Another test result, this time of a laser beam soldering with the Laserstrahllötvorrichtung invention 1 is in the 5 . 6 and 7 clarified. Here are two sheet metal parts 15 and 16 with a soldered seam 17 connected. As can be seen from the top view of 5 results in smooth surfaces of the solder seam 17 received, so that the highest quality standards are met. The sectional view in the 6 clarifies that it is also in the upper sheet, ie the sheet metal part 15 , to a clean solder cover 18 the soldered seam 17 comes. Thus, an optimization of the strength is achieved because such Lötnahtgeometrie increases the strength of the produced joint seam. The presentation in the 7 finally clarifies that the here visible solder seam 17 in the form of a flanged seam there are no flakes or tying defects and thus their tightness is ensured.

In the 8th to 10 Problems with conventional laser welding processes are illustrated by tests. So the picture shows in the 8th Effects of Zinc Degradation Problem in Conventional Laser Welding of Zinc Coated Sheet Metal Parts 15 and 16 , wherein it can be seen that the weld has a surface due to the zinc degassing by the melt with pores 19 aufweißt. In the 9 Problems with the laser weld geometry have occurred and shown. A connection of the lower plate in the form of the sheet metal part 16 through the weld 14 is not given (see at the top of the arrow to the reference number 14 ). Furthermore, in the in the 10 test shown welding spatter 20 occurred, which would disturb the further production process and therefore cause a reworking requirement of the surfaces.

In summary, the present invention provides methods and apparatus for laser welding and laser soldering, whereby an improvement in the welding result, in particular on tempered steel sheets, especially zinc-coated steel sheets is achieved. By the present invention, the method and apparatus are given the appropriate means to obtain superior welding and soldering results.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Laser welding and soldering device

2

laser device

3

laser

4

collimators

5

Beam splitting devices

6

prism

7

double arrow

8th

double arrow

9

double arrow

10

Prefocusing equipment, spot variation lens

11

focusing lens

12

protective glass

13

optical arrangement

14

fillet

15

sheet metal part

16

sheet metal part

17

soldered seam

18

braze coverage

19

pore

20

spatter

21

desquamation

A1

working

A2

working

B

machining direction

e

working level

d1

Spot diameter

d2

Spot diameter

L

laser beam

S1

commercial

S2

commercial

TL1

divisional laser

TL2

divisional laser

X

Spot distance in the machining direction

Z

Height direction over the workpieces

Claims (31)

Laser welding and soldering, wherein a laser beam (L) by means of a variable optical arrangement with a lens system in at least two separately focusable partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) is divided, the division of an intensity and the definition of operating points (A1, A2) of Partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) on components to be machined by the variable optical arrangement is set, and wherein the means of beam splitting devices ( 5 ) partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) by adjusting the beam splitting devices ( 5 ) with regard to their power distribution, with respect to their focal position twist and / or in terms of their operating point distance (X) can be adjusted. Laser welding and soldering method according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam splitting devices ( 5 ) a prism ( 6 ) contain. Laser welding and soldering method according to claim 2, characterized in that the prism ( 6 ) the beam splitting devices ( 5 ) is adjusted transversely to the laser beam (L) to adjust the power distribution of the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2). Laser welding and soldering method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the prism ( 6 ) the beam splitting devices ( 5 ) is rotated about an axis parallel to the laser beam (L) to adjust the focus position rotation of the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2). Laser welding and soldering method according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the prism ( 6 ) the beam splitting devices ( 5 ) is adjusted parallel to the laser beam (L) to adjust the operating distance (X) of the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2). Laser welding and soldering method according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that as a prism ( 6 ) a three-sided prism ( 6 ) is used, of which two sides facing the incident laser beam (L) and the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) emerge from a third side. Laser welding and soldering method according to claim 6, characterized in that the two sides facing the incident laser beam (L) of the three-sided prism ( 6 ) are inclined by equal amounts but in opposite directions to the incident laser beam (L). Laser welding and soldering method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the prism ( 6 ) is arranged so that a prism edge of the incident laser beam (L) faces and extends transversely to this. Laser welding and soldering method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by means of prefocusing devices ( 10 ) in the beam path of one of the partial laser beams (TL2), a focal position height of the operating point (A2) of this partial laser beam (TL2) is set. Laser welding and soldering method according to claim 9, characterized in that a converging lens ( 10 ) of the Prefokussiereinrichtungen parallel to the partial laser beam (TL2) is adjusted to adjust the focal position height of the operating point (A2) of this partial laser beam (TL2). Laser welding and soldering method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the laser beam (L) is divided into two partial laser beams (TL1, TL2), and that the components to be welded at least approximately in the direction of the distance (X) of the two operating points ( A1, A2) of the two partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) are moved, while the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) act on the components. Laser welding and soldering method according to claim 11, characterized in that the components to be welded continuously under the both operating points (A1, A2) of the two partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) are moved. Laser welding and soldering method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components to be welded are provided at locations to be welded before welding at least partially with a coating having a lower melting point than the components otherwise. Laser welding and soldering method according to claim 13, characterized in that the coating contains or consists of zinc. Laser welding and soldering method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the components to be welded are provided at least in the region of the points to be welded on both sides flat with the coating. Laser welding and soldering method according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the power distribution, the focal plane rotation, the operating point spacing (X) and / or the focal position height of the operating points (A1, A2) of the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) taking into account Treatment requirements of the coating can be adjusted. Laser welding and soldering method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two components are welded along their edges at the edges. Laser welding and soldering method according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that a fillet weld is formed during welding. Laser welding and soldering apparatus having a variable optical arrangement with a lens system, which is designed to divide a laser beam (L) into at least two separately focusable partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) and the division of an intensity and the determination of operating points (A1, A2 ) of the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) to be machined components, wherein for generating the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) beam splitting devices ( 5 ) are provided, which are adjustable so that the generated partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) are adjusted in terms of their power distribution, with respect to their focal position twist and / or in terms of their operating point spacing (X). Laser welding and soldering apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the beam splitting devices ( 5 ) a prism ( 6 ) contain. Laser welding and soldering apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the prism ( 6 ) the beam splitting devices ( 5 ) is adjustable transversely to the laser beam (L) to adjust the power distribution of the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2). Laser welding and soldering apparatus according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the prism ( 6 ) the beam splitting devices ( 5 ) about an axis parallel to the laser beam (L) is rotatable to adjust the focal position rotation of the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2). Laser welding and soldering apparatus according to any one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the prism ( 6 ) the beam splitting devices ( 5 ) is adjusted parallel to the laser beam (L) to adjust the operating distance (X) of the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2). Laser welding and -lötvorrichtung according to any one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that the prism ( 6 ) a three-sided prism ( 6 ), two sides of which face the incident laser beam (L) and the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) exit from the third side. Laser welding and soldering apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that the two sides facing the incident laser beam (L) of the three-sided prism ( 6 ) are inclined by equal amounts but in opposite directions to the incident laser beam (L). Laser welding and soldering apparatus according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the prism ( 6 ) is arranged so that a prism edge of the incident laser beam (L) faces and extends transversely to this. Laser welding and soldering apparatus according to one of claims 19 to 26, characterized in that in the beam path of one of the partial laser beams (TL2) prefocusing devices ( 10 ) are provided, by means of which the focal position height of the operating point (A2) of this partial laser beam (TL2) is adjustable. Laser welding and soldering apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that the prefocusing means comprise a converging lens ( 10 ), which is adjustable parallel to the partial laser beam (TL2) to adjust the focal position height of the operating point (A2) of this partial laser beam (TL2). Laser welding and soldering apparatus according to any one of claims 19 to 28, characterized in that the laser beam (L) is divided into two partial laser beams (TL1, TL2), and that Transport devices are provided to move the components to be welded at least approximately in the direction of the distance (X) of the two operating points (A1, A2) of the two partial laser beams (TL1, TL2), while the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) act on the components. Laser welding and soldering apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that the transport means are designed to move the components to be welded continuously under the two operating points (A1, A2) of the two partial laser beams (TL1, TL2). Laser welding and soldering device according to one of claims 19 to 30, characterized in that the power distribution, the focus position rotation, the operating point distance (X) and / or the focal position height of the operating points (A1, A2) of the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) taking into account Treatment requirements of a coating of components to be welded at least at the operating points (A1, A2) of the partial laser beams (TL1, TL2) are set.

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