DE1023631B - Process for increasing compression in internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

DEUTSGHES

In the course of the modern development of the traffic system are in cooperation with the engine industry In the last two decades fuels have been developed that meet the increased engine requirements to meet. Has the task of improving fuels resulting from the motorization attempts are made to solve this through improved refining processes, through syntheses of fuels or fuel fractions with special engine suitability, which are used as a "mixture participant", as well as thereby, that additives (counterdamping agents) have been found to improve the knocking properties. While the Mixture participant z. B. di-isopropyl alcohol, acetone, Methyl ethyl ketonu. a. only above 5 to 10 percent by weight become effective, the counter-knocking agents increase the knock resistance to a high degree even with additives in amounts from 0.01 to 0.1 percent by weight.

The addition of organometallic and inorganic compounds as anti-knock agents is known. To call are organic lead, tellurium and bismuth compounds, as well as metal carbonyls. Tetraethyl lead and iron pentacarbonyl have gained special technical importance. It is also known that metal mist also has an anti-pot effect exercise.

It has now been found that by adding certain salts of aromatic acids to the fuels the compression is increased and regulated in a surprising manner. This reduces the consumption of fuel, and the engine power increases, which at the same time protects the engine. According to the invention lead salts get into the engine compartment with the fuel in connection with copper and / or zinc and optionally tin salts of the aromatic acid concerned. The introduction of the salts into the fuel happens either in the form that the aromatic acid is added to the fuel and then in the fuel dissolved, brought into contact with lead and one or more of the above-mentioned metals, or by direct addition of the salts of the metals mentioned and the aromatic acids. The amount of to apply aromatic acid is below 0.1%, preferably between 0.001 and 0.02 percent by volume, based on the Fuel.

In addition to the salts mentioned, the fuel also has an addition of a polynuclear aromatic Hydrocarbon, for example an addition of naphthalene, in 2 to 500 times the amount, preferably 25 times the amount of animal acids.

Fuel mixtures are already known which contain benzoic acid on the one hand and naphthalene on the other ; the mentioned mixture proportions make up a substantial part of the total fuel mixture, for the mixture of naphthalene and benzoic acid is at the well-known proposal itself as "fuel"

Method for increasing compression in internal combustion engines

Applicant:

Dr. Ernst Drouven,
Torri del Benaco, Verona (Italy)

Representative: Dr. L. Terres-Trip, patent attorney,
Karlsruhe, Karl-Wffiielm-Str. 1 b

Dr. Ernst Drouven, Torri del Benaco, Verona (Italy), has been named as the inventor

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draws. The interaction of this mixture with heavy metals is not intended.

The addition of other organometallic compounds has also become known, and that was the case here the metals are selected according to their catalytic effect on the combustion of fuels. For example, metal compounds of / S-diacetone and its homologues are mentioned, with as metals those of the most diverse groups of the periodic table can be used. Also alkali and Alkaline earth metals are mentioned in this context. The simultaneous use of several metals is also possible known. The following groups of substances have been recommended: Propionyl acetonate from nickel, cobalt, cerium in addition to the Acetylacetonate of thorium and zirconium, furthermore a mixture in which in addition to the above-mentioned compounds uranium and chromium acetylacetonate are also to be used. Applicable to another Mixture is also applied the copper propionyl acetonate.

The use of mixtures of metal salts according to the present invention is outside of the range Within the framework of previous proposals.

The implementation of the process according to the invention is most expediently done in such a way that in a Glass bottle first made a solution of the acid and, for example, naphthalene in normal fuel will. This solution is added to the fuel in such an amount that the above-mentioned concentrations can be achieved.

The mixture can, for example, take place in a container in the form of wires, foils, chips contains the above metals or their alloys. The mixture of the fuel according to the invention can

709 877/135

can also be produced in the tank of the vehicle or the engine itself. where the tank is lined with a lead-tin alloy, the fuel supply line is made of copper, the fuel pump and / or the dirt cup consist of injection molding, on the special presence of chips or Wires of the corresponding metals in the tank can be dispensed with.

The interaction of the metals with the additives to be used according to the invention can also be achieved thereby can be achieved that one leads the gasoline from the tank in the combustion chamber via a filter vessel, which Contains heavy metals of the type mentioned.

The method according to the invention can be used for any type of internal combustion engine. The effect of the process proves itself in the increase in performance of the engine and in the reduction of the Fuel consumption.

As mentioned, a very particularly outstanding advantage results from the effect of the method according to the invention on the compression. It is well known that when a motor is used for a long time, the compression drops. If, however, the mixture according to the invention is still to be observed in compliance with the requirements according to the invention When conditions are applied, the compression is not only rebuilt, but even increased. on the other hand this increase is limited, so that overstressing of the engine is excluded. Thus, the new fuel simultaneously maintaining and increasing the compression pressure and restoring it, when it sank.

The increased efficiency of the fuel corresponds to a reduced fuel consumption, and this is z. B. when applying the present invention to carburetor engines, account is taken of the fact that in per se known Way, the ratio of fuel to air is reduced will. This is done by using smaller nozzles and / or by using larger air funnels. The ignition process is adapted to the reduced fuel to air ratio in a manner known per se, for example with the carburetor engine by setting the ignition point and the corresponding heat value the spark plugs.

The fuel used in the method according to the invention is characterized by its interaction the heavy metals mentioned also due to its extraordinarily good, almost complete combustion. The valve seats remain untouched and the engine is protected in every way. It is also noticeable that despite the increased efficiency of the cooling water consumption is lower than usual.

example 1

The driving test described below was carried out by the Institute for Automotive Engineering at the Technical University of Aachen with a Fiat 500 A passenger car (normal consumption according to Windecker 6.31 per 100 km, according to Fiat 14 km per liter, compression ratio 1: 6.5) 93000 km had run. Of these, 55,000 km had been driven under the conditions according to the invention. The cylinders and pistons had not been overhauled for the last 60,000 km. The procedure for the experiment was as follows: 2 g of benzoic acid and 50 g of naphthalene were dissolved in 1000 cm ^{3 of} gasoline. At a petrol station, 101 normal gasoline was then filled into a mixture can made of zinc and 60 cbm of the solution described was added, pumped through and immediately poured into the tank of the Fiat 500 A equipped with a lead-tin alloy.

After opening the brass petrol tap, the petrol reached the normal Fiat Weber carburettor through the copper feed line and the dirt cup made of inferior zinc injection molding.
In the experiment described, a mixture of lead, copper and zinc benzoates and also small amounts of tin benzoate got into the engine.

The air funnel of the carburetor remained unchanged during the driving test, while the normal main jet (0.95) was replaced by a 0.85 nozzle. The normal candles

(175) were replaced by Marelli 240 candles and the corresponding pre-ignition was set at the same time.

In order to eliminate all randomnesses, the attempt was made alternately with headwind and in the direction of the wind carried out on the same route. The car ran at varying speeds and accordingly changing fuel consumption. In particular, the experiment is in terms of speed and consumption shown in the following table. The results in the headwind are with A, those in the direction of the wind marked with B.

A. speed consumption B. consumption km per hour 1 per 100 km Speed [ 1 per 100 km 64.3 4.36 km per hour 3.84 71.4 3.89 63.4 3.76 69.6 4.76 63.5 4.20 69.3 4.45 69.5 4.13 52.6 4.25 68.5 4.53 53.5 3.94 4.40 44.4 4.16 3.53 43.7 3.98 3.35 35.2 3.91 75.5 3.57 34.4 4.03 74.1 3.46 34.3 4.17 53.8 3.60 ■■ 33.6 3.99 52.4 3.33 28.3 3.91 45.6 3.35 26.2 3.93 3.35 : ^; : 26.6 3.98 3.75 ^: 26.5 3.90 44.7 3.46 36.0 3.42 35.9 3.42 35.6 4.64 34.4 4.17 27.0 26.4 27.3 26.0 75.0 74.2

The compression had increased in the individual cylinders as follows:

Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder 4 Before trying. ...
After trying .. 9.0
9.3 8.2
8.9 8.8
9.1 6.3
7.9

25th

30th

In summary, this results in a standard consumption of 3.75 1 instead of 6.31 for a brand new engine.

In addition, it should be noted that on the same occasion during driving tests in free travel on different Terrain with a fully occupied car, speeds over 85 km with an average fuel consumption also of 3.751 were reached.

In the experiments with this car, the cooling water temperature was • 55 to 6O ⁰ C.

Example 2

The test bench test described below was also carried out by the Technical University of Aachen a used Ford Taunus engine with 1.1721 displacement and a compression ratio of 1: 6.5 executed. The test conditions for fuel, fuel additives and fuel pretreatment were the same as in Example 1. On the normal Solex carburetor (VFJ 26) with idle nozzle 045 and an air correction nozzle 190 different nozzles were tried out and finally the main nozzle 125 against one Main nozzle 120 and the air funnel 21.5 exchanged for an air funnel 22.5. In addition, the Spark plugs Beru 175 replaced by such Marelli 240.

During the break-in period, the engine output increased at intervals of a few hours, as shown in the table below can be seen, and the fuel consumption sank with the same power from 356 g / PSh to 276 g / PSh with simultaneous Increase in compression.

As can be seen from the table, there is a reduction in the ratio corresponding to the new fuel Fuel to air of greatest impact on performance; with the same number of revolutions, 209 g / PSh resulted in a Power of 25.5 HP with nozzle 105 and air funnel 21.5, while with nozzle 120 and air funnel 22.5 an output of 27.8 PS with 205 g / PSh was achieved.

A test carried out as a cross-check on the same Ford-Taunus engine showed that the application a lower dose of the additives according to the invention immediately results in reduced compression and less Horsepower figure made noticeable. The power sank by 1 HP and the compression by 0.2 atm.

In the drawing, the group of curves I corresponds to the described test with the additives according to the invention, the group of curves II corresponds to a counter-test that was carried out using normal vehicle fuel without any additives. On the curve sheet, the ordinate is the effective piston pressure {Pe [kg / cm ² ]), the abscissa is the number of revolutions (

55 applied. The individual curves represent the effective piston pressures as a function of the number of revolutions for different effective machine outputs, and at the same time each curve is characterized by the fuel consumption in g per horsepower hour. The families of curves are divided into individual areas by the effective power of the machine, namely into the areas of voniVe = 30 HP to Ne = 25 HP, from Ne = 25 HP to Ne = 20 HP, from Ne = 20 HP to Ne = 15 HP and from Ne = 15 HP to Ne = 10 HP. The fuel consumption in g per horsepower hour increases in both test series with decreasing engine power.

In the tests without additives, the fuel consumption increases from 245/244 g / PSh at Ne = 30 PS to 440 g / PSh at Ne = 10 PS and even more if the effective power drops below 10 PS.

The comparative figures with addition according to the invention are, for example, 215 g / PSh with Ne = 30 PS and only increasing to 290 g / PSh with Ne = 10 PS.

In terms of magnitude, this results in an additional consumption of 14% with Ne = 30 HP to 50% with Ne = 10 HP.

It should also be noted that the small but characteristic residue on the piston heads after carrying out of the experiments was analyzed. Microanalysis showed that the residue only contained traces of carbon, otherwise it consisted entirely of ash (metal oxides).

In these bench tests, the oil consumption was normal; the cooling water requirement for maintaining a constant temperature of 8O ⁰ C was significantly lower than when using gasoline without the inventive additives.

Example 3

The following experiment was carried out on a diesel engine, namely with the Mercedes passenger car with the designation 170 Da, year of construction 1951, compression ratio 1: 19.

A solution of benzoic acid and naphthalene in gasoline was prepared according to Example 1. From this Solution containing 2 g natural benzoic acid and 50 g naphthalene per liter of gasoline solution was 480 ecm in given the fuel tank of the diesel car and then poured 401 diesel fuel (gas oil) into it. In the tank Sheets of copper, lead, zinc and solder (65 parts of lead, 35 parts of tin) and also a Brass foil. In order to enlarge the metal surface, there was also a bag with filings of the same Metals hung in the tank.

Around
rotations
»I / min Pe
kg / cm ² No
PS Q cm ³
fuel
lot For example 2 jet air
funnel i
1 compression
η four cylinders
2 ³ | ^4th 7.2 7.4 date 2050 2.7 7.21 86.3 t
Fuel-
continuous
seconds Fuel-
\'he needs
in
g / PSh 120 21.5 8.0 7.6 May 19, 53 1980 2.92 7.53 86.3 86.9 356 115 21.5 May 20, 53 2000 2.69 7.00 86.3 88.1 336 110 21.5 May 20, 53 2000 2.69 7.00 86.3 105.7 301 105 21.5 May 21, 53 3500 5.6 25.5 86.3 115.8 276 105 21.5 7.9 8.5 May 20, 53 41.9 209 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.0 May 22, 53 3500 6.1 27.8 154.3 120 22.5 8.4 8.3 May 28, 53 68.9 205

Before the attempt with the fuel described was the compression of the car with a self-writing Motometer device has been measured. Then km with the above-mentioned inventive Fuel mixture extended, resulting in an increase in compression. Below are the before and compared with the values measured on the four cylinders after the test:

Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder 4 Before trying
After trying ... 16 at
21 at 17 at
19 at 18 at
24 at 19 at
22 at

All compression measurements were carried out at a cooling water temperature of 4O ⁰ C.

Claims (6)

PATENTED KITCHEN: 1. Process for increasing the compression in internal combustion engines when using fuels, which contain salts of organic acids, characterized in that fuels with low, below 0.1 percent by volume, preferably between 0.001 and 0.02 percent by volume, of content in the fuel dissolved aromatic acid, those with lead in connection with copper and / or zinc and optionally Tin can be used. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that fuels with a content of soluble Lead salts of aromatic acids in connection with copper and / or zinc and possibly tin salts be used. 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the fuel used is a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably naphthalene, in 2 to 500 times, preferably Contains 25 times the amount of acid. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of fuel used and aromatic acid in a container that holds lead with one or more of the above Metals in the form of wires, foils or chips have been brought into contact. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the metals in the form of their alloys Find application. 6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that that fuels are used, which lead, copper and zinc in the form of their benzoates in the Contains dissolved fuel. Considered publications:
French Patent Nos. 823 791, 552 236;
French additional patent specification No. 50 276, 1 sheet of drawings 709 877/135 1.