DE3031158A1 - Fuel mixt. for car engines, etc., contg. water and ethanol - in addn. to usual hydrocarbon, improves economy and performance - Google Patents

Abstract

A fuel mixt. comprises: (A) gasoline, gas oil, naphtha or fuel oil; and (B) a mixt. of (i) 70-85 vol.% of water, (ii) 0.1-1% of one of the gp. camphor, bicyclic, monoterpene hydrocarbons or aldehydes, and monoterpene ketones, and (iii) the remainder, commercial-grade ethanol. (A) is 80-96% of the total. (A) and (B) are mixed at the time of use. The mixt. replaces the normal fuels in spark-ignition engines, diesel engines and oil- or coal-fired boilers. For petrol and diesel engines, the total fuel consumption is reduced, and the power increased. The acceleration of cars with small petrol engines is increased. Octane number is increased, and exhaust NO concn. is reduced. The fuel consumption of burners in heating systems is reduced.

Description

Description:

The present invention relates to a fuel mixture, which in particular ondere is suitable for motor vehicles, namely bar engines with Ottofakren, But also with diesel engines, with armchairs, e.g. boilers, even if with sole fed, advantageous application.

It is well known that there are certain substances in the combustion of fuel Problems that are mainly related to the complete utilization of the fuel = they are, both for economic reasons and because the im Exhaust gas contains1 unburned substances highly environmentally unfriendly and harmful to health are.

The problem is particularly acute with internal combustion engines. There were multiple solutions have already been proposed, but only in recent years have they been proposed as a result of the sharp rise in the price of oil, the problem of a reduction in the Fuel consumption was recorded in all its seriousness, and it was seriously and thoroughly researched for an effective solution.

At the moment it seems highly unlikely that petroleum derivatives will be used through other products or E to be able to replace energy sources, and due to the huge capital investment required for this and the production costs.

Ethyl alcohol is known to be an excellent ingredient in motor vehicles solid is. So far, however, it has not been possible to use sufficient ethyl alcohol To produce quantities. There are ongoing efforts to increase production of ethyl alcohol, e.g. by adding microorganisms to convert cellulose can be used in sucrose and consequently in alcohol, but these attempts are even if very promising, it is still far from an industrial one To have achieved level.

The production of gasoline by coal is on an industrial scale Base already known, but only accessible to coal-rich countries. In this case but it is only a question of a growing raw material, such as Erdbl, But to go to another raw material that is also exhausting, such as coal. The same applies to the production of gasoline from natural gas using methyl alcohol.

The electric motor drive is also still far from being practical Application removed as the photovoltaic solar cells are very expensive and are not very profitable. The use of fuel cells is also not yet on an industrial scale Basis possible, while the realization of long-life batteries is fundamental is still in the experimental stage; in addition, these batteries are also very expensive.

The solution to such problems seems to be only one solution at the moment by adding additives to the gasoline that make gasoline replace and / or improve its performance.

Another solution is the coexistence of electric and combustion engines, the former at low speeds, the latter at higher speeds is switched on and at the same time also the battery that drives the electric motor = rien charges.

In recent years there have been an urgent need Such so-called mixed solutions are often used to achieve effective fuel saving suggested, even if these solutions are anything but novel and in some Traps are just as old as the internal combustion engine.

Strictly speaking, gasoline was generally only used at the time both for economic and practical reasons of supply as a force material introduced, instead of others u.

U. equivalent, but at the time more expensive and less interesting Fuels.

For example, it has been known for a number of years that some organic Compounds like Äthylalko-II hol and Athylather the starting of combustion mo gates find favorable and advantageous application, if a considerable one Increase in performance is to be achieved.

It is also known that an appropriate addition of water enables a more perfect combustion of gasoline, naphtha or fuel oil.

Numerous gasoline-water-alcohol mixtures have been proposed, where ethyl alcohol was preferably used, which for the life of the Engine is much less harmful than methyl alcohol.

However, the results were anything but satisfactory. In the ZeitschriSt Hydrocarbon Processing "of February 1980, pages 72-75 the results of some with ethyl alcohol as well as with benzine, alcohol and gasoline Water-alcohol mixtures indicated experiments carried out.

In long-distance tests, ethyl alcohol was consumed between approx. 11 and approx. 16 km / liter, with no indication of speed.

In comparative tests carried out with a four-cylinder = the Pontiac there was no significant difference in consumption between a mixture made from 20% alcohol - 80% gasoline, and pure gasoline. At one from BASF A.G. and the German Federal Ministry for Research and Technology Attempts were made with a Volkswagen Scirocco machine, 1500 cc, compression ratio 12: 1 put back about 70,000 cm.

It was true that alcohols could be used in practice (in this case methyl alcohol = hol) confirmed, but at 100 km / h there were 8 liters of gasoline with a low octane number and 1 liter of alcohol-water mixture (90 + 10%) required, to cover 100 km, while at 150 km / h around 7 liters of petrol and 7 liters Water-alcohol mixture, for the same distance were necessary.

From the efforts made so far, however, it follows that despite the existing great interest, the problem of reducing consumption of oil derivatives, especially in the case of motor vehicles, is far from being solved.

The use of the well-known gasoline, alcohol and gasoline This is because the savings that can be achieved with alcohol mixtures are not essential, although some ge data indicate a 10% reduction in gasoline consumption. It should be noted, that this fuel saving is offset by the amount of alcohol consumed.

The invention is based on the object of proposing a new mixture, which is suitable for only partially replacing fuels obtained from earth and thereby an effective reduction in the total consumption of fuels enable.

The mixture according to the invention consists of two films, wherein the former is selected from the group gasoline, gas bl, naphtha, fuel oil and the latter from a water-alcohol mixture and from at least one compound from the group tamper, double = ring-shaped, monoterpene hydrocarbons (e.g. camphene, Phenzen) or aldehydes and mono = terpene ketones (e.g. Phenzion).

For the sake of simplicity, the first liquid will be below referred to as "gasoline" and the third component of the second liquid as "camphor"; For the sake of simplicity, the following description always refers to the use of the mixture according to the invention in gasoline engines. According to the description below However, could also with gas oil naphtha, burns boiler burners and diesel engines can be applied.

When using the mixture according to the invention, both basic components are used only mixed in the intake port of the engine, with the mixture upstream of the throttle valve of the carburetor and is completed in the intake manifold of the engine.

The mixture to be selected in this way for the cylinders consists of 80 . 96 gasoline, the difference being 70 + 85% water, 0.1 t 1% camphor and the rest consists of 93% commercially available ethyl alcohol.

Using such a mixture, a FIAT 500 R 20,000 km and with a FIAT PANDA 30 10,000 km covered. During test drives were mixed with two people, 60 kg of luggage and with a full tank on departure Routes traveled. The driving style was quite normal, i.e. not too slow, still too sporty. The results achieved with the FIAT 500 R and FIAT PANDA 30 = The table below shows the results. At the FIAT 500 R data are given in tm / liter using the Gasoline mixture were achieved. In the case of the FIAT PAMDA 30, however, there are comparative data stated between those of a well-known Italian automobile magazine and those obtained using the mixture of the present invention the last column shows percent data relating to the use of the invention Mixed kilometers gained.

Storey. CONSUMPTION: KM / L km / h with inventive mixture normal consumption BIAT 500 PANDA 30 FIAT PANDA 30 50 26.0 23.3 60 26.3 23.0 23.20 -0.0086 70 26.7 25.0 21.1 18.48 80 26.0 23.9 19.3 23.83 90 24.3 21.5 16.9 27, 21 100 23.1 20.5 15.2 34.86 110 22.4 20.0 13.2 51.51 This table shows that Verven = tion of the mixture according to the invention, the consumption of the FIAT 500 R is very low and that the consumption of FIAT PANDA 30 compared to that in the earlier mentioned Italian magazine, with the exception of the speed of 60 km / h, is much cheaper. It should be noted that to determine from official data the test drives by a single person without luggage and only with one liter of petrol in the tank when leaving at the same speed can be carried out on flat stretches. In most cases there are also such data below the actually achievable values during normal driving.

The consumption of the second liquid (as mentioned earlier, consisting of from water, alcohol and camphor) is very low and lies between 2 1 3 liters with 20 liters of gasoline; In consideration of the gasoline consumption, the consumption is the second liquid = in other words between approx. 5 and approx. 7.5 cm³ / km.

The object on which the invention is based is thus fulfilled the liquid added to the gasoline increases the properties of the gasoline completely especially at high speeds, and its performance is significantly increased, the consumption of the additional liquid being very low. So it will not like in the known Cases, gasoline by another fuel he = sets, but it results in an effective and actual saving Plastic, since the second liquid contains no more than 30d of alcohol.

At the same time, the engine does not suffer in any way from this additive, neither in cold start nor in performance and in acceleration, whereby the latter, however, increase extraordinarily. In motor vehicles with a small displacement is known to be the acceleration, starting from a speed of 60 - 70 r / h very slowly, so that when overtaking you often have to switch back to the To increase the number of tours. But thanks to the mixture according to the invention at this speed and also at 90 km / h one immediately. appealing Acceleration so that no switching is required.

II Similar experiments were carried out with diesel engines; included there have been significant improvements in both fuel consumption and engine performance established.

Tests were also carried out with gas burners for heating systems; depending on the burner and boiler type, there was a reduction of 20 to 35% in consumption established.

The invention thus relates to a fuel mixture, in particular for Motor vehicles, consisting of a basic material such as guest, diesel fuel, Gasoline, heater, mixed with water, ethyl alcohol and additives such as e.g. Fighter.

Such a mixture enables better combustion of the raw material it and a substantial reduction in its consumption. When using this Fuel mixture in motor vehicles also results at the same time Increase in engine output and, with equivalent output, a further decrease of consumption, as well as a reduction in the pollutants contained in the exhaust gases Nitrogen mono xi de.

The fuel mixture according to the invention has a high octane number so that it is also possible to use the lead-containing ones otherwise contained in gasoline To forego anti-knock agents or to reduce them at least significantly, to thereby reduce further pollution of the environment.

Claims (2)

Fuel mixture Patent claims% 1. Fuel mixture, thereby characterized in that it is made up of two mixed at the time of use Liquids, the former from the group of gasoline, gas oil, naphtha and heating oil is chosen and the latter from 70 - 85% vol. water, 0.1 - 1% of a substance from the Camphor group, double ring-shaped, monoterpenic hydrocarbons (e.g. camphene, Phenzen), or aldehydes and monoterpenic ketones (e.g. Phenzion) and from one The remainder consists of commercially available ethyl alcohol. 2. Fuel mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the first liquid makes up 80-96% of the mixture.