DE102022203665A1 - Component for producing building parts such as walls and ceilings - Google Patents

Abstract

A component for producing building parts such as walls and ceilings has two outer parts (2, 3) arranged at a distance from one another and at least one inner part (4) arranged between the outer parts (2, 3). The inner part (4) has at least one first part (5) adjoining an outer part (3) and a second part (6) adjoining the other outer part (2), which has at least one oscillatable leg which extends from one of the first parts (5) protrudes from the third part connecting the second part (6), is spaced from the first part (5) by at least one slot (7) and has at least one recess (9) on its side facing away from the first part (5). , which is bridged by the other outer part (2) and is delimited at one end by a projection which has a contact surface (8) on which the other outer part (2) is mounted, so that an overall oscillatable bearing of the one outer part is created, which leads to structure-borne sound decoupling between the two outer parts (2, 3).

Description

The invention relates to a component for producing building parts such as walls and ceilings, with at least two outer parts arranged at a distance from one another and at least one inner part arranged in the space between the outer parts and connected to the outer parts.

Acoustic quality is a general requirement for room-dividing components (e.g. ceilings, walls) of buildings. It primarily affects the transmission of airborne and impact sound between rooms in the building. In the case of multi-shell, room-dividing components, the shells, which usually represent plate-like structures, are rigidly connected to one another by beams and stands to ensure load-bearing capacity and stiffening. This type of connection leads to a barely insulated transmission of vibrations and structure-borne noise between the shells or panels and thus to disruptive sound transmission between rooms in the building.

Known measures to reduce this transmission through decoupling are e.g. B. placed on or under wooden beams in floor ceilings, for example in the form of elements made of elastic material (cf. e.g. Gösele, K. (1993) Wood construction manual - sound insulation in wooden beam ceilings. Ed.: Development Association for Wood Construction DGfH, Munich; DE 10227327 A1 ; Hessinger, J., Rabold, A., Saß, B. & Schramm, M. (2020), Sound insulation in timber construction. In Building Physics Calendar 2020. Ed.: Fouad, NA, Berlin). However, these measures affect the load-bearing capacity and stiffening of the ceiling construction, especially since no mechanical connecting elements can be guided through these elements. Without this impairment, but with the same goal, in some cases the cavities on the sides between the beams or uprights are filled with damping or weighting material. In addition, elastically supported masses such as B. Vibration absorbers (see e.g. Gösele, K., (2002), improvement of the sound insulation of wooden components through vibration absorbers (“acoustic leeches”). In building physics (24, pp. 93-101)) attached to the plate-like components to remove vibration energy from a ceiling or wall construction. Newer variants of vibration absorbers are narrow, elongated formations directly in the wooden beams, which, like a rod clamped on one side, carry out resonance-like natural vibrations and also remove vibration energy from the ceiling construction (cf. e.g. Mälaga-Chuquitaype, C. & Ilkanaev, J. ( 2018), Novel Digitally-manufactured Wooden Beams for Vibration Reduction. In Structures (Vol. 16 pp. 1-9)). However, all of these additional measures, whether between or on the beams and stands, can only insulate or dampen the sound or vibration energy that has already been introduced into the room-dividing component. For this reason, their effect remains limited, especially when it comes to critical airborne and impact noise.

Against this background, the object of the invention is to design the component of the type mentioned in such a way that the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art are avoided without limiting the load-bearing capacity and stiffening.

This object of the invention is achieved by a component which has the features of patent claim 1.

The component according to the invention is particularly characterized by the ability to decouple structure-borne noise, which is essentially brought about by the special shape of the inner part, which, thanks to this shape, has a structurally integrated spring effect. The inner part of the component according to the invention points in a defined axis, e.g. B. in ceilings in the vertical direction, a controlled low dynamic stiffness, whereby acoustic decoupling is achieved in certain frequency ranges, especially at low frequencies.

Advantageous developments of the component according to the invention are the subject of the subclaims.

• 1 ein schematisch dargestellter Ausschnitt aus einem Bauteil zur Herstellung einer Geschossdecke nach dem Stand der Technik;
• 2 ein schematisch dargestellter Ausschnitt aus einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Bauteils zur Herstellung einer Geschossdecke, wobei das in vertikaler Richtung der Geschossdecke „oben“ angeordnete plattenförmige Außenteil gestrichelt dargestellt ist, um die Form des Innenteils besser sichtbar zu machen;
• 3 ein schematisch dargestellter Ausschnitt aus einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Bauteils zur Herstellung einer Geschossdecke, wobei das in vertikaler Richtung der Geschossdecke „oben“ angeordnete plattenförmige Außenteil gestrichelt dargestellt ist, um die Form des Innenteils besser sichtbar zu machen;
• 4 ein schematisch dargestellter Ausschnitt aus einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Bauteils zur Herstellung einer Geschossdecke, wobei das in vertikaler Richtung der Geschossdecke „oben“ angeordnete Außenteil weggelassen ist, um die Form des Innenteils besser sichtbar zu machen; und
• 5 ein schematisch dargestelltes Ausschnitt aus einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Bauteils zur Herstellung einer Geschossdecke, wobei das in vertikaler Richtung der Geschossdecke „untere“ Außenteil sowie das in vertikaler Richtung der Geschossdecke „obere“ Teil wegegelassen sind, um die Form des Innenteils besser sichtbar zu machen.

The invention is explained in more detail using the following description of several exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. Shown in the drawings

• 1 a schematically illustrated section of a component for producing a floor ceiling according to the prior art;
• 2 a schematically illustrated detail from a first exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention for producing a floor ceiling, the plate-shaped outer part arranged “at the top” in the vertical direction of the floor ceiling being shown in dashed lines in order to make the shape of the inner part more visible;
• 3 a schematically illustrated detail from a second exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention for producing a floor ceiling, the plate-shaped outer part arranged “at the top” in the vertical direction of the floor ceiling being shown in dashed lines in order to make the shape of the inner part more visible;
• 4 a schematically illustrated section from a third exemplary embodiment Component according to the invention for producing a floor ceiling, the outer part arranged “at the top” in the vertical direction of the floor ceiling being omitted in order to make the shape of the inner part more visible; and
• 5 a schematically illustrated section of a fourth exemplary embodiment of a component according to the invention for producing a floor ceiling, wherein the “lower” outer part in the vertical direction of the floor ceiling and the “upper” part in the vertical direction of the floor ceiling are omitted in order to make the shape of the inner part better visible .

Meaning of the reference numbers in the drawings:

1

wooden beams

2

other external part

3

an outdoor part

4

inner part

5

first part

6

second part

7

slot

7a

slot

8th

touch surface

9

deepening

10

space

11

slot

12

oscillating element

13

leg

14

third part

15

head Start

16

elastic layer

In the drawings and in the following description, the component according to the invention is shown or described in its application as a component for producing a floor ceiling of a building, i.e. with vertical spring action between a horizontally extending upper plate-shaped outer part 2 and a horizontally extending lower plate-shaped outer part 3 arranged Inner part 4. The component according to the invention can also be used as a component for producing partition walls, i.e. with a horizontal spring effect of the inner part 4 arranged between the two, in this case vertically arranged, plate-shaped outer parts 2, 3.

Just like wooden beams 1 between upper plate 2 and lower plate 3 in double-shell wooden floor ceilings made from conventional components 1 the internal parts 4 can be in the 2 until 5 Components according to the invention shown can be used in the same place, whereby they serve to ensure the load-bearing capacity and stiffening of the ceiling structure. For this purpose, these are directly attached to the plates 2, 3, ie without further intermediate layers or the like, and rigidly, for. B. by gluing, screwing or nailing. As an alternative to the mentioned “rigid” types of connection, according to a further development of the invention, “movable” types of connection, such as. B. an articulated connection that z. B. is created by positive connection of the parts to be connected. Detachable or non-detachable locking connections are also conceivable.

The main difference to the component according to the prior art 1 lies in a component according to the invention according to in 2 illustrated first embodiment in the special shape of the rod or bar-shaped inner part 4, which has a lower part 5 and an upper part 6, which are separated vertically or in the longitudinal direction by a slot 7. This creates two legs 13, which achieve a resilient mounting of the upper plate 2 by additionally forming contact surfaces 8 on the top of the inner part 4 of the component through a recess 9 located in between. Thanks to this special shape of the inner part 4, a structurally integrated spring effect of the inner part 4 is achieved.

The spring effect in the manner of leaf springs results from the upper part 6, which is capable of oscillation, in particular bending vibration, due to the slot 7 and the associated contact surface 8. Since this ability to oscillate is also present for all other upper parts, slots and contact surfaces, an overall oscillatable bearing of the upper plate 2 is created in the longitudinal direction of the inner part 4. This oscillatable bearing in turn leads to structure-borne noise decoupling between the upper plate 2 and lower plate 3 of the component.

Vibration capacity and structure-borne sound decoupling are frequency-dependent, with several influencing parameters having to be coordinated for dimensioning. The starting point is the material used and the properties of the upper plate 2 and lower plate 3, such as: B. their area-related masses and bending stiffnesses. The plates 2, 3 can, as in the prior art, be made of wood or other suitable materials or combinations of materials. In the simplified sense of a multi-mass oscillator, they determine the spring action of the inner part 4 to be adjusted in order to set a specific frequency range.

The spring effect of the inner part 4 is in turn determined in addition to the properties of the material used, such as. B. the density, the flexural rigidity and the modulus of elasticity, essentially determined by the geometry (length and cross section) of the upper part 6, by the length of the underlying slot 7 and the upper contact surface 8. The cross sections of slot 7 and recess 9 must also be taken into account in order to exclude contact between the upper plate 2 and recess 9 as well as between the upper part 2 and lower part 5 of the inner part 4 of the component according to the invention, even with larger vibration amplitudes.

As a rule, several internal parts 4 are required for a multi-shell room-dividing component. The inner parts 4 can be next to each other and connected lengthwise, but can also be distributed in the area between the plates 2, 3.

Im in 2 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the inner part is shaped so that there are two legs 13 extending in opposite directions. As a result, a cross section of the inner part 4 placed in the longitudinal direction of the inner part 4 is double-T-shaped or also H-shaped. An alternative to the double-T-shaped or H-shaped inner part 4, which is not shown but also belongs to the present invention, is an inner part which is U-shaped in cross-section and which obtains this cross-sectional shape when only one leg protrudes from the third part.

If the vibration-related lengths of several upper parts 6 or slots 7 are smaller than the extent of the floor ceiling in the longitudinal direction, further vertical slots 10 (slot-shaped spaces) must be provided, as in 3 can be seen, which shows a schematically illustrated second exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention in detail. In this exemplary embodiment, the vibration-related lengths of the upper parts 6 or slots 7 are significantly less than the expansion of the floor in the longitudinal direction of the inner parts 4 and the upper parts 6 are designed as a non-continuous element.

In cases where the upper zone of the inner part 4 should not be impaired, particularly with regard to static integrity, the vertical slots 10 can also be omitted, as in 4 is shown, which shows a schematically illustrated section of a third embodiment of the component according to the invention. In this exemplary embodiment, the vibration-related lengths of the upper parts 6 or slots 7 are significantly less than the expansion of the floor ceiling in the longitudinal direction of the inner part 4 and the upper parts 6 are designed as a continuous element with contiguous oscillatable legs 13.

In any case with several inner parts 4, it is possible to design them for different frequency ranges or for different load capacities and stiffening with regard to their frequency-dependent spring effect.

The effectiveness of the inner parts 4 is independent of the material and can z. B. can be achieved with wood or other materials and material combinations. The spring effect to be set is determined by the geometry of the upper part 6 and the lower part 5, taking into account the material properties.

In addition to the mass per unit area and flexural rigidity of the upper plate 2 and the lower plate 3, further design variants are determined by the geometry (cross section) of the upper part 6 and the length and design of the slot 7. For example, if greater rigidity of the inner part is required, the width and type of slot 7 can be adjusted. In addition to a linear design of the slot 7, designs that are uniform, stepped or otherwise increasing or decreasing in thickness are also possible, which influences the shape of the upper part 6. This creates a supported leaf spring in the upper part 6.

Furthermore, the lower part 5 of the inner part 4 can be designed in the same way as the upper part 6 or have a combination of the design variants mentioned. This includes making a further slot 11 to obtain an additional oscillating element 12 within the inner part 4, as in 5 can be seen, which shows a schematically illustrated section of a fourth exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention. In this exemplary embodiment, an upper slot 7a and an additional slot 11 are provided below the upper slot 7a in the inner part 4, so that an additional oscillating element 12 is formed between these two slots. This oscillating element 12, in the manner of a rod clamped on one side, behaves like a vibration absorber. Furthermore, there is a structure-borne sound-absorbing insert 13 in the slot 7, which consists of an elastic layer with a high mechanical loss factor. This insert partially fills the slot 7 as in 5 shown, or completely. The insert 13 and the oscillating element 12 can be provided in combination as in 5 shown. Alternatively, instead of a combination of insert 13 and oscillating element 12, only one or more inserts 13 without oscillating element 12, or one or more oscillating elements 12 without an insert 13 can be provided. In any case, the underside of the Lower part 5 of the inner part 4 may not be flat as shown. It can also have another shape, such as: B. the same as the top of the upper part 6.

To produce the inner part 4, either slots can be cut or milled into solid, solid wood or comparable wood composite cross-sections, or several wooden slats can be joined (e.g. glued) together to form a corresponding overall shape.

The inner parts 4 can be used without restrictions with other measures, e.g. B. Damping and weighting elements, combine in the cavities of multi-shell room-dividing components. In the category of horizontal components, such as ceilings, ceiling supports and suspended ceilings, their use also includes stair landings and the like. In vertical components, such as walls, the interior parts 4 can be used, among other things, in interior walls, exterior walls and load-bearing and non-load-bearing vertical room-dividing components.

For vertically or obliquely aligned multi-shell room-dividing components, such as: B. partition walls, attachment structures or roof surfaces, the internal parts 4 and all their advantageous configurations are designed and installed in such a way that their structurally integrated spring effect is effective in the horizontal direction or perpendicular to the component inclination. In these cases, for example, the upper plate 2 is to be understood as the front plate and the lower plate 3 as the rear plate of a wall or the like.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. The foregoing description is therefore not to be viewed as limiting but rather as illustrative. The following claims are to be understood as meaning that a stated feature is present in at least one embodiment of the invention. This does not exclude the presence of other features. If the claims and the above description define “first” and “second” embodiments, this designation serves to distinguish two similar embodiments without establishing a ranking.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10227327 A1 [0003]

Claims (12)

Component for producing building parts such as walls and ceilings, with at least two outer parts (2, 3) arranged at a distance from one another and at least one inner part (4) arranged in the space between the outer parts (2, 3), which is connected to the outer parts (2, 3 ) is firmly connected, characterized in that the inner part (4) has at least one first part (5) adjacent to an outer part (3) and a second part (6) adjacent to the other outer part (2), the second part (6 ) has at least one oscillatable leg (13), which projects from a third part (13) connecting the first part (5) to the second part (6) in one direction, through at least one slot (7) from the first part (5 ) is spaced apart and has at least one recess (9) on its side facing away from the first part (5), which is bridged by the other outer part (2) and is delimited at one end by a projection (15) which has a contact surface (8 ), on which the other outer part (2) is mounted. Component according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the second part (6) has a further oscillatable leg (13) which projects from the third part (14) in the direction opposite to the one direction, through a further slot (7) from the first part ( 5) is spaced apart and has a further projection (13), which also has a contact surface (8) on which the other outer part (2) is also mounted, the recess (9) being between the one projection (13) and the further projection (13), which is located at the other end of the recess (9). Component according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the inner part (4) has a plurality of second parts (6) and a plurality of third parts, each of which connects the first part (5) to a respective second part (6), of each third part at least one oscillatable leg ( 13), which is spaced from the first part (5) by a respective slot (7), each leg (7) has a recess (9) which is bridged by the other outer part (2) and at one end of each a respective projection (15), and each projection (15) has a respective contact surface (8) on which the other outer part (2) is mounted, with two second parts (6) arranged next to one another having two opposite ends, which are spaced apart from one another by a slot-shaped space (10) which opens into two contiguous slots (7) which extend between two third parts (14) of two second parts (6) arranged next to one another. Component according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the inner part (4) has a plurality of second parts (6) and a plurality of third parts (14), each of which connects the first part (5) to a respective second part (6), of every third part (14 ) two oscillatable legs (13) extending in opposite directions protrude, one leg protruding from a respective third part (14) is connected in one piece to an adjacent leg (13) protruding from a respective adjacent third part (14), so that the second parts (6) are a continuous individual part, with a slot (7) extending between two adjacent third parts (14), which is formed by a section of the first part (5) and two legs (13) connected in one piece to one another. is limited, the individual part consisting of several second parts (6) having on its side facing away from the first part (5) several depressions (9), which are bridged by the other outer part (2) and are each located between two adjacent projections ( 15), each of which has a contact surface (8) on which the other outer part (2) is mounted. Component according to one of the Claims 1 until 4 , characterized in that at least one elastic layer (13) is arranged in a respective slot (7). Component according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , characterized in that a plate-shaped oscillating element (12) projects into at least one slot (7), which protrudes from a respective third part (14) and has a free end and which extends the slot (7) into two adjacent slots (7a, 11 ) divided. Component according to one of the Claims 1 until 6 , characterized in that a plurality of inner parts (4) are arranged at a distance from one another between the outer parts (2, 3) and the other outer part (3) is mounted on the contact surfaces (8) of all inner parts (4). Component according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 , characterized in that the outer parts (2, 3) are each plate-shaped and consist of wood or a wood composite material. Component according to one of the Claims 1 until 8th , characterized in that the or each inner part (4) consists of solid wood or solid wood or of a wood composite material. Floor ceiling made of one or more components according to the Claims 1 until 9 , characterized in that the outer parts (2, 3) are plate-shaped and are each aligned horizontally, one outer part (3) forming the underside of the floor ceiling and the other outer part (2) forming the top side of the floor ceiling. Building wall made of one or more components according to the Claims 1 until 9 , characterized in that the outer parts (2, 3) are plate-shaped and are each aligned vertically, with one outer part (3) forming one side of the wall and the other outer part forming the opposite side of the wall. building wall Claim 11 , characterized in that the building wall is used as an interior or exterior wall of a building.

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