DE102022125427A1 - Cereal composite articles, in particular oat composite articles, corresponding uses, method and kit - Google Patents

Abstract

Cereal composite articles, in particular oat composite articles, comprising- polymer materialand- cereal fibers, preferably oat fibers.

Description

The present invention relates to a cereal composite article, in particular an oat composite article, comprising polymer material and cereal fibers, preferably oat fibers. Further details of the cereal composite article according to the invention, in particular an oat composite article, can be found in the appended claims and in the following description. The present invention also relates to the use of an oat composite article for producing an article. The present invention also relates to the use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article. The present invention also relates to the use of a polymer material for producing an oat composite article. The present invention further relates to a method for producing an oat composite article. The present invention also relates to a kit for producing an oat composite article. The details in each case can be found in the appended claims and in the following description.

The present invention lies in the technical field of biocomposites. Biocomposites are already known in the prior art.

document EP 3 176 110 A1 discloses a biomaterial or biocomposite based on sunflower seed shells/husks, wherein sunflower seed shell/husk material is compounded with plastic material.

document EP 0 976 790 A1 discloses a method for producing a composite material in which a material comprising vegetable fibers is subjected to at least one pretreatment step and is then used in at least one thermoplastic process step.

document US$5,663,221 discloses a process for producing medium-density sheets from sunflower seed shells.

document EP 3 720 911 B1 discloses a wood-plastic composite composition comprising: at least one wood component, at least one thermoplastic polymer, waxy hydrocarbons, oxidized hydrocarbons consisting of (modified) hydrocarbons having at least one of hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylate and lactone groups, which consists of the The mixture consisting of waxy hydrocarbons and the oxidized hydrocarbons is a wax composition with a defined dynamic viscosity, a defined content of molecules in which the hydrocarbon chain is linear, a defined solidification point according to ASTM D 938, a defined content of oxidized hydrocarbons, a defined acid number according to ASTM D 1386 and where wax hydrocarbons are a Fischer-Tropsch wax and the oxidized hydrocarbons come from an oxidation of a Fischer-Tropsch wax.

document EP 2 621 979 B1 discloses a biocomposite board comprising at least one natural fiber and at least one thermosetting biopolymer including a furan resin.

The biocomposites known from the prior art have numerous disadvantages and deficiencies, which are regularly perceived as problematic in the field of the present invention.

In the field of the present invention there is a great need for biocomposites with properties and combinations of properties that are perceived as advantageous in the field of the present invention, which are produced as resource-efficiently as possible and with the use of as little energy as possible. There is a need for such biocomposites whose ingredients are made entirely from renewable raw materials and which have properties and/or combinations of properties that are perceived as advantageous in the field of the present invention.

In many cases there is a particularly great need for biocomposites that are biodegradable and compostable according to the criteria of DIN EN 13432:2000-12 are. In many cases, there is a particular need for biocomposites that are industrially compostable, i.e. that meet all TÜV AUSTRIA test criteria for certification with the “OK compost INDUSTRIAL (EN 13432)” label. In many cases, in the field of the present invention, there is also a need for biocomposites that are home compostable, i.e. that meet all TÜV AUSTRIA test criteria for certification with the “OK compost HOME” label. In many cases, biocomposites are also desired in the field of the present invention are biodegradable in aquatic ecosystems. In particular, in the field of the present invention there is a need for compostable biocomposites in which compostability, in particular home compostability, does not occur on either too short or too long a time scale. In many cases, too short degradation times during composting are responsible for items made from biocomposites losing their desired material properties during their intended use; this is generally undesirable in the field of the present invention. Excessively long degradation times during composting are perceived as disadvantageous in many cases in the field of the present invention. In particular, degradation times that are too long under the conditions of industrial composting are generally extremely undesirable in the field of the present invention.

Pollution of the environment with microplastics, i.e. solid, insoluble, particulate and non-biodegradable synthetic polymers in a size range of less than 5 millimeters to 1,000 nanometers, is extremely undesirable. There is a need for biocomposites that do not contribute to microplastic pollution when released into the environment.

The biocomposites known from the prior art each have colors which, in the field of the present invention, are often perceived as aesthetically problematic. There is therefore a particular need for biocomposites with a color that is perceived as aesthetically advantageous, in particular also for biocomposites with an advantageously light color and good printability.

In the field of the present invention, it is desirable that these properties be achieved without the need for complex processing steps and/or without the biocomposites being mixed and/or treated with chemicals that are perceived as ecologically or climatically questionable. In particular, there is a need for biocomposites with an advantageously light color and good printability, which also have one, several or all of the advantages and properties listed above with regard to compostability.

The state of the art also shows a need for biocomposites that can be stored in granulated form for longer periods of time, at least for periods of time and under conditions that are usual in the field of plastics processing. The biocomposite granules known from the state of the art often tend to form mold when stored under the storage conditions that are usual in the field of plastics processing; such mold formation is extremely undesirable in the field of the present invention.

In the field of the present invention, there is a need for biocomposites that do not have an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant. The biocomposites known from the prior art regularly have an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant in the field of the present invention. In particular, there is a need for biocomposites that have an inherent odor that is perceived as pleasant by people or that do not have an inherent odor that is perceptible by people.

• - Schmelze-Massefließrate, bestimmt gemäß ISO 1133-2,
• - Schmelze-Volumenfließrate, bestimmt gemäß ISO 1133-2,
• - Dichte, bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 1183-1 ,
• - Biege-Elastizitätsmodul, bestimmt gemäß Verfahren A DIN EN ISO 178:2019 mit einer Vorkraft von 0,1 MPa und einer Prüfgeschwindigkeit von 2 mm/min,
• - Zugfestigkeit, bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 527-2 ,
• - Zugdehnung, bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 527-2 ,
• - Biegespannung bei konventioneller Durchbiegung, bestimmt gemäß Verfahren Ader DIN EN ISO 178 ,
• - Biegedehnung bei Biegefestigkeit, bestimmt gemäß Verfahren A der DIN EN ISO 178 , sowie
• - Charpy-Schlagzähigkeit, bestimmt am ungekerbten Probekörper, bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 179-1 .

The biocomposites known from the state of the art regularly have unfavorable properties with regard to the following parameters:

• - Melt mass-flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2,
• - Melt volume flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2,
• - Density, determined according to EN ISO 1183-1 ,
• - Flexural modulus of elasticity, determined according to method A EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min,
• - Tensile strength, determined according to EN ISO 527-2 ,
• - Tensile elongation, determined according to EN ISO 527-2 ,
• - Bending stress at conventional deflection, determined according to method Ader EN ISO 178 ,
• - Flexural strain at bending strength, determined according to Method A of EN ISO 178 , as well as
• - Charpy impact strength, determined on the unnotched specimen, determined according to EN ISO 179-1 .

In the case of the biocomposites known from the prior art, in particular the combination of some or all of the above-mentioned parameters is in many cases not sufficiently positive. There is therefore a need for particularly positive expressions of individual, several or all of the above-mentioned parameters in a single biocomposite.

There is also a need for biocomposites that are suitable for packaging and/or processing food and are approved for such use in the European Union. In particular, there is a need for biocomposites that are suitable for packaging and/or processing food and are approved for such use in the European Union and at the same time meet some, preferably all, of the aforementioned needs, in particular with regard to compostability.

In the case of the biocomposites known from the prior art, the manufacturing process for the biogenic fibers used for production is regularly so time-consuming and/or requires so much equipment that this is perceived as a disadvantage in the field of the present invention. There is therefore a need for biocomposites whose fiber content can be made available with little equipment and time expenditure. In particular, there is also a need for biocomposites whose fiber content is made available in an energy-efficient and resource-saving manner. In particular, there is a need for biocomposites whose extraction from natural resources has no adverse effects on food production. In the field of the present invention, the use of biogenic fibers in the production of which land areas are used that are then not simultaneously available for food production is increasingly perceived as problematic.

The biocomposites known from the prior art are often not usable in the usual plastics processing plants because, for example, they are not sufficiently temperature-resistant and/or their flowability at the temperatures usual in plastics processing plants is not within an acceptable range. There is therefore a need in the field of the present invention for biocomposites that can be used in the usual plastics processing plants. In particular, there is a need in the field of the present invention for biocomposites that can be processed in injection molding processes and/or compression molding processes. There is a particular need for biocomposites that are suitable for processing in conventional injection molding plants without the need for equipment modifications. There is also a particular need for biocomposites that are suitable for processing in conventional compression molding presses for plastics without the need for equipment modifications. There is also a particular need for biocomposites that are suitable for processing in conventional processes for deep drawing plastics. There is also a particular need for biocomposites that are suitable for processing into films, particularly films that are suitable as packaging films for food.

In the field of the present invention, there is a need for biocomposites that have particularly positive properties with regard to oxygen permeability and/or water vapor permeability. In particular, there is a need for biocomposites that have particularly positive properties with regard to both oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability. There is a very particular need for biocomposites that have particularly positive properties with regard to oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability and at the same time meet as many of the above-mentioned needs as possible, in particular with regard to compostability.

The state of the art also gives rise to a need for manufacturing processes for biocomposites that meet as many of the above-mentioned requirements as possible without having to add other substances in addition to the fiber component and the polymer component in order to meet the aforementioned requirements. In the field of the present technology, the addition of additives is often associated with an undesirably high level of effort and regularly leads to an undesirably high environmental impact, namely due to the manufacturing process, the packaging involved and the transport of the additives. In the state of the art, additives are also regularly used that reduce the compostability and/or food compatibility of the resulting biocomposites. This is extremely undesirable in the field of the present invention.

Further objects underlying the invention and advantages associated with the invention result from the following description and the attached claims.

The invention is defined in the claims and further explained by the description, which also defines preferred embodiments.

The present invention relates in its categories to a cereal composite article, in particular an oat composite article, a use of an oat composite article, a use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article, a use of a polymer material for producing an oat composite article, a method for producing an oat composite article and a kit for producing an oat composite article.

Embodiments, aspects or properties that are described or described as preferred in connection with one of these categories also apply correspondingly or mutatis mutandis to the other categories, and vice versa.

Unless otherwise indicated, preferred aspects or embodiments of the invention and its various categories may be combined with other aspects or embodiments of the invention and its various categories, particularly with other preferred aspects or embodiments. The combination of preferred aspects or embodiments with one another results in preferred aspects or embodiments of the invention.

• - Polymermaterial, vorzugsweise Biopolymermaterial und
• - Getreidefasern, vorzugsweise Haferfasern.

According to a primary aspect of the present invention, the tasks and problems stated above are solved in whole or in part, comprising a cereal composite article, in particular an oat composite article

• - Polymer material, preferably biopolymer material and
• - Cereal fiber, preferably oat fiber.

In the context of this text, the term “biocomposite” is understood to mean composite materials that contain at least natural fibers as a first material and, connected by material or form fit or a combination of both, polymers as a second material. A biocomposite can also include other materials or substances.

In the context of this text, the term "composite material" is understood to mean, in accordance with the usual understanding of the person skilled in the art, a material made of two or more bonded materials, wherein the two or more bonded materials are connected to one another by means of a material or form fit or a combination of both.

In the context of this text, the term "grain composite" refers to composite materials that contain grain fibers, in particular oat fibers, as a first material and, bonded to them by a material or form fit or a combination of both, polymers as a second material. Grain composite can also include other materials or substances. In the context of this text, the term "grain composite" is covered by the term "biocomposite".

In the context of this text, the term "oat composite" refers to composite materials that contain oat fibers as a first material and polymers as a second material, bonded to them by a material or form fit or a combination of both. Oat composite can also include other materials or substances. In the context of this text, the term "oat composite" is included in the term "biocomposite". In the context of this text, the term "oat composite" is included in the term "grain composite".

In the context of this text, the term “grain composite granules” is understood to mean a large number of grain composite particles, with the individual particles of the grain composite granules having an average diameter in the range of a few millimeters to a few centimeters. A grain composite granulate can be poured. If the “cereal composite granules” are subjected to a drying process after production, the result is “dried grain composite granules”. Dried grain composite granules can also be poured.

In the context of this text, the term “oat composite granules” is understood to mean a large number of particles consisting of oat composite, with the individual particles of the oat composite granules having an average diameter in the range of a few millimeters to a few centimeters sen. Oat composite granules can be poured. If the “oat composite granules” are subjected to a drying process after production, the result is “dried oat composite granules”. Dried oat composite granules can also be poured.

In the context of the present invention, the term “cereal composite article” includes the terms “cereal composite”, “cereal composite granulate”, “dried grain composite granulate” and “cereal composite molded part” as well as in particular the term “oat composite article” and thus the Terms “oat composite”, “oat composite granules”, “dried oat composite granules” and “oat composite molding”.

In the context of the present invention, the “cereal composite article” is particularly preferably an oat composite article.

In the context of the present invention, the term “oat composite article” includes the terms “oat composite”, “oat composite granules”, “dried oat composite granules” and “oat composite molding”.

In the context of the present invention, it is particularly preferred in many cases that, in addition to oat fibers, no fibers from other types of grain are present in an oat composite article.

In the context of the present invention, the term “polymer” is understood, in accordance with the usual understanding of those skilled in the art, to mean a molecule with a high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of molecular units, which conceptually or actually consist of molecules of lower relative mass derive molecular mass. In the context of the present invention, molecules with a high relative molecular mass are understood to mean molecules in which the addition or removal of one of the aforementioned units has no relevant effect on the molecular behavior.

In the context of the present invention, the term “biopolymer” refers to polymers that are made from renewable raw materials.

In the context of the present invention, the term “polymer material” is understood to mean a material which essentially consists of polymer and/or biopolymer.

In the context of the present invention, the term “biopolymer material” is understood to mean a material which essentially consists of biopolymer.

In the context of this text, the term “compounding” is understood to mean joining together, through material or form fit or a combination of both, a polymer material on the one hand and natural fibers on the other. During compounding, other substances may also be present as additives (e.g. fillers and/or additives).

The term “cereals” refers to the mostly annual plants of the grass family (“Poaceae”) and their grains, which are cultivated for their grains; in particular, plants and grains of the hulled cereals einkorn, emmer, kamut, barley, millet, spelt and oats are referred to as cereals in the context of the present invention.

In the context of the present invention, the term “oats” means plants of the plant genus “Avena” from the family of “sweet grasses” (“Poaceae”).

In the context of the present invention, the term "cereal fibers" refers to fibers that are obtained by a comminution process from parts of cereals, in particular the hulled cereals einkorn, emmer, kamut, barley, millet, spelt and/or oats. In the context of the present invention, the term "cereal fibers" includes the terms "cereal hull fibers" and "cereal husk fibers" and in particular the terms "oat husk fibers" and "oat husk fibers".

In the context of the present invention, the term “oat fibers” means fibers that are obtained from parts of the oats through a crushing process. In the context of the present invention, the term “oat fibers” includes the terms “oat husk fibers” and “oat husk fibers”.

In the context of this text, the term “cereal husk fibers” is understood to mean a product that consists predominantly of parts of the lemma (“palea inferior”) of grain, especially oats, and parts of the palea (“palea superior”) of grain, especially oats. consists.

In the context of this text, the term “oat husk fibers” is understood to mean a product that consists predominantly of parts of the lemma (“palea inferior”) of oats and parts of the palea (“palea superior”) of oats.

In the context of this text, the term “cereal husk fibers” is understood to mean a product that consists predominantly of parts of the epidermis, fruit peel, seed shell and aleurone layer of grain, especially oats.

In the context of this text, the term “oat hull fibres” refers to a product that consists predominantly of parts of the epidermis, fruit husk, seed husk and aleurone layer of oats.

In many cases it is preferred if the grain composite article according to the invention, in particular oat composite article, consists exclusively of polymer material and grain fibers, in particular oat fibers. In other cases, it is also preferred if the grain composite article, in particular oat composite article, contains other substances in addition to the components polymer material and grain fibers, in particular oat fibers.

In many cases, oat fibers are used as cereal fibers, with oat husk fibers and/or oat shell fibers being preferred, and oat husk fibers and oat shell fibers being particularly preferred.

The cereal composite article according to the invention, in particular oat composite article, is characterized in particular by the advantageous combination of properties with regard to melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2, flexural elastic modulus, determined according to method A EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min, tensile elongation, determined according to EN ISO 527-2 and Charpy impact strength, determined on the unnotched specimen, determined according to EN ISO 179-1 out of.

The present invention, with its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article is compostable, preferably industrially compostable and/or home compostable.

In the field of the present invention, it is usually particularly preferred that the oat composite article is home compostable.

The fact that the oat composite article is compostable means that it is biodegradable and compostable, according to the criteria of the EN 13432 : 2000-12 .

The fact that the oat composite article is industrially compostable means that a test specimen made from the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm meets all TÜV Austria test criteria for certification with the label “OK compost INDUSTRIAL EN 13432”.

In some cases it is preferred if oat composite articles that are industrially compostable include polylactide (PLA) as the polymer material.

In some cases it is particularly preferred if oat composite articles that are industrially compostable comprise polylactide (PLA) as the only polymer material. The fact that the oat composite item is home compostable means that a test specimen made from the material of the oat composite item with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm meets all of TÜV Austria's test criteria for certification with the “OK compost HOME” label.

In some cases, it is preferred for oat composite articles that are home compostable to comprise polybutylene succinate and/or polybutylene succinate co-adipate and/or polyhydroxyalkanoate as the polymeric material.

In some cases, it is preferred that oat composite articles that are home compostable comprise polybutylene succinate as the only polymeric material.

In some cases, it is preferred for oat composite articles that are home compostable to comprise polybutylene succinate-co-adipate as the sole polymer material.

In some cases, it is preferred that oat composite articles that are home compostable comprise polyhydroxyalkanoate as the only polymeric material.

In many cases, it is also particularly preferred if a test specimen made of the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm is marine compostable, which means that it meets all of TÜV Austria's test criteria for certification with the “OK biodegradable MARINE” label.

In many cases, it is also particularly preferred if a test specimen made from the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm meets all of TÜV Austria's test criteria for certification with the “OK biodegradable SOIL” label.

In many cases, it is also particularly preferred if a test specimen made of the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm meets all of TÜV Austria’s test criteria for certification with the “OK biodegradable WATER” label.

The compostability of the oat composite article according to the invention requires that the oat composite article contains a compostable polymer material in addition to the oat fibers as a polymer material. The person skilled in the art is aware of corresponding compostable polymer materials and independently selects corresponding compostable polymer materials according to the requirements of the individual case from the compostable polymer materials known to him.

Oat composite articles that are compostable, especially oat composite articles that are home compostable, in many cases do not contribute to the environmental contamination with microplastics when intentionally and/or unintentionally released into the environment.

If a test specimen made of the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm is marine compostable, corresponding oat composite articles do not contribute to the environmental contamination with microplastics when intentionally and/or unintentionally released into the environment.

The present invention, with its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article is recyclable, preferably 100% recyclable.

An oat composite article is recyclable if it can be recycled to produce a recyclate that can replace a brand-new product, a brand-new material or a brand-new substance in a production process.

An oat composite article is 100% recyclable if 100% by weight of its components can be used to produce recycled material that can be used to replace a brand-new product, a brand-new material and/or a brand-new substance in a production process.

In many cases, an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) is preferred, wherein the oat composite article is compostable, preferably industrially compostable and/or home compostable
and
wherein the oat composite article is recyclable, preferably 100% recyclable.

• - Polyhydroxyalkanoat,
• - Polybutylensuccinat,
• - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat,
• - natürliche Harze,
• - Stärke,
• - Cellulose mit einem Ligninanteil von weniger als 5 Gew.-%,
• - Polybutylenadipat-terephthalat,
• - Polycaprolacton,
• - Polylactide,
• - Celluloseacetat,
• - Wachse und
• - Mischungen davon;
  • bevorzugt ist das Polymermaterial ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
    • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat,
    • - Polybutylensuccinat,
    • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat und
    • - Mischungen davon;
  • besonders bevorzugt ist das Polymermaterial ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
    • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat,
    • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat und
    • - Mischungen davon;
  • ganz besonders bevorzugt ist das Polymermaterial ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
    • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat und
    • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat.

The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

• - polyhydroxyalkanoate,
• - polybutylene succinate,
• - polybutylene succinate co-adipate,
• - natural resins,
• - Strength,
• - Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight,
• - polybutylene adipate terephthalate,
• - polycaprolactone,
• - polylactides,
• - cellulose acetate,
• - Grow and
• - mixtures thereof;
  • The polymer material is preferably selected from the group consisting of:
    • - polyhydroxyalkanoate,
    • - polybutylene succinate,
    • - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and
    • - mixtures thereof;
  • particularly preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:
    • - polyhydroxyalkanoate,
    • - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and
    • - mixtures thereof;
  • very particularly preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:
    • - Polyhydroxyalkanoate and
    • - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate.

Most preferably, a polyhydroxyalkanoate is selected as the polymer material.

In many cases it is particularly preferred if a biopolymer material is selected as the polymer material.

With the above-mentioned polymer materials, the oat composite articles each have particularly positive properties depending on the needs of the individual case and represent particularly advantageous solutions for the above-mentioned tasks and problems. In the case of individual polymer materials defined above, the person skilled in the art is aware that he to achieve particularly positive properties, it is used as a mixture with one or more other polymer materials defined above.

In many cases it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate or polybutylene succinate co-adipate as polymer material. In many cases it is preferred if the oat composite article according to the invention contains a mixture of polyhydroxyalkanoate and polybutylene succinate or a mixture of polyhydroxyalkanoate and polybutylene succinate co-adipate or a mixture of polybutylene succinate and polybutylene succinate co-adipate. In each case, the person skilled in the art chooses, based on the requirements of the individual case, whether the above-mentioned polymer materials are used individually or in one of the above-mentioned combinations. If the expert decides to use one of the above-mentioned combinations as a polymer material in the oat composite article, he will determine the mixing ratio himself according to the requirements of the individual case constantly fixed. To select the mixing ratios, the person skilled in the art may carry out simple optimization tests, as are common in the field of the present invention.

Oat composite articles with the polymer materials mentioned have particularly positive properties and combinations of properties with regard to compostability, good printability and a perceived advantageous Charpy impact strength determined on the unnotched test specimen in accordance with DIN EN ISO 179-1. In addition, corresponding oat composite articles have a coloring that is perceived as particularly aesthetically advantageous. In particular, corresponding oat composite articles have temperature resistance and flow properties, which make them suitable for processing in conventional plastics processing systems, in particular in injection molding processes and compression molding processes.

• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil an Lignocellulose im Bereich von 60 Gew.-% bis 90 Gew.-% besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 70 Gew.-% bis 88 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 75 Gew.- % bis 87 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 81 Gew.-% bis 86 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil an Lignin im Bereich von 10 Gew.-% bis 30 Gew.-% besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 11 Gew.-% bis 27,5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 12 Gew.-% bis 26 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 22 Gew.-% bis 25 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil an Hemicellulose im Bereich von 20 Gew.-% bis 40 Gew.-% besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 22 Gew.-% bis 38 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 23,5 Gew.-% bis 37,0 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 31,5 Gew.-% bis 36,0 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandene Hemicellulose einen Anteil an Xylose im Bereich von 15 Gew.-% bis 31 Gew.-% besitzt, bevorzugt im Bereich von 17 Gew.-% bis 30 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 22 Gew.-% bis 29,9 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 27,3 Gew.-% bis 28,9 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Hemicellulose, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandene Hemicellulose einen Anteil an Arabinose im Bereich von 2,6 Gew.-% bis 4,0 Gew.-% besitzt, bevorzugt im Bereich von 3,1 Gew.-% bis 3,9 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 3,2 Gew.-% bis 3,8 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Hemicellulose, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei in der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Hemicellulose ein Verhältnis von Arabinose zu Xylose im Bereich von 0,05 bis 0,5 vorliegt, bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,09 bis 0,3 besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,1 bis 0,2, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandene Hemicellulose einen Anteil an Mannose von weniger als 0,03 Gew.-% besitzt, bevorzugt von weniger als 0,02 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 0,01 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Hemicellulose, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil an p-Hydroxybenzaldehyd im Bereich von 50 µg·g^-1 bis 250 µg·g^-1 aufweisen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 60 µg·g^-1 bis 220 µg·g^-1 besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 65 µg·g^-1 bis 216 µg·g^-1 ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 190 µg·g^-1 bis 215 µg·g^-1, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil Ferulasäure im Bereich von 1000 µg·g^-1 bis 3000 µg·g^-1 aufweisen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 1100 µg·g^-1 bis 2800 µg·g^-1 besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 1300 µg·g^-1 bis 2700 µg·g^-1 ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 2300 µg·g^-1 bis 2600 µg·g^-1, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil an Proteinen von weniger als 3 Gew.-% besitzen, bevorzugt weniger als 2 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt einen Anteil an Proteinen im Bereich von 1,2 Gew.-% bis 1,6 Gew.- %, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil an Lipiden von weniger als 2 Gew.-% besitzen, bevorzugt weniger als 1,5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt einen Anteil an Lipiden im Bereich von 0,8 Gew.-% bis 1,0 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern.

The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred),

• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignocellulose content in the range from 60% by weight to 90% by weight, preferably in the range from 70% by weight to 88% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 75% by weight to 87% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 81% by weight to 86% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignin content in the range from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, preferably in the range from 11 wt.% to 27.5 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 12 wt.% to 26 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 25 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of hemicellulose in the range of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, preferably in the range of 22 wt.% to 38 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 23.5 wt.% to 37.0 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range of 31.5 wt.% to 36.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range from 15% by weight to 31% by weight, preferably in the range from 17% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 22% by weight to 29.9% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 27.3% by weight to 28.9% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has an arabinose content in the range from 2.6% by weight to 4.0% by weight, preferably in the range from 3.1% by weight to 3.9% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 3.2% by weight to 3.8% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range from 0.05 to 0.5, preferably in the range from 0.09 to 0.3, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.2, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a mannose content of less than 0.03% by weight, preferably less than 0.02% by weight, particularly preferably less than 0.01% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the range from 50 µg·g ^-1 to 250 µg·g ^-1 , preferably in the range from 60 µg·g ^-1 to 220 µg·g ^-1 , particularly preferably in the range from 65 µg·g ^-1 to 216 µg·g ^-1, very particularly preferably in the range from 190 µg·g ^-1 to 215 µg·g ^-1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article. which contain oat fibres, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of ferulic acid in the range from 1000 µg·g ^-1 to 3000 µg·g ^-1 , preferably in the range from 1100 µg·g ^-1 to 2800 µg·g ^-1, particularly preferably in the range from 1300 µg·g ^-1 to 2700 µg·g ^-1, very particularly preferably in the range from 2300 µg·g ^-1 to 2600 µg·g ^-1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibres present in the oat composite article have a protein content of less than 3% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, particularly preferably a protein content in the range of 1.2% by weight to 1.6% by weight, each based on the dry mass of the oat fibres present in the oat composite article, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lipid content of less than 2 wt.%, preferably less than 1.5 wt.%, particularly preferably a lipid content in the range of 0.8 wt.% to 1.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article.

The text “and/or, preferably “and”” means in the present text that there is either an “and” link or an “or” link, whereby it is preferred in each case that an “and” link is present.

The dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article refers to the total dry mass of all oat fibers present in the respective oat composite article.

In many cases it is preferred that the hemicellulose in the oat fiber used to make the oat composite article contains no mannose at all.

A proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde of 1 µg g ^-1 means that one microgram of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is present per gram of dry matter of the oat fibers used.

In many cases, a proportion of ligocellulose in the range of 81% by weight to 86% by weight is particularly preferred, since the properties, in particular the combinations of properties, of the resulting oat composite article are then perceived to be particularly positive in many cases.

The use of fibers with a lipid content of more than 2 wt.% in the production of biocomposites regularly leads to properties of the biocomposite that are perceived as disadvantageous in the field of the present invention.

• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil an Lignocellulose im Bereich von 81 Gew.-% bis 86 Gew.-% besitzen, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der eingesetzten Haferfasern, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil an Lignin im Bereich von 22 Gew.-% bis 25 Gew.-% besitzen, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der eingesetzten Haferfasern, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil an Hemicellulose im Bereich von 31,5 Gew.-% bis 36,0 Gew.-% besitzt, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der eingesetzten Haferfasern, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandene Hemicellulose einen Anteil an Xylose im Bereich von 27,3 Gew.-% bis 29,9 Gew.-% besitzt, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Hemicellulose, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandene Hemicellulose einen Anteil an Arabinose im Bereich von 3,2 Gew.-% bis 3,8 Gew.-% besitzt, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Hemicellulose, und
• - wobei in der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Hemicellulose ein Verhältnis von Arabinose zu Xylose im Bereich von 0,1 bis 0,2 vorliegt, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandene Hemicellulose einen Anteil an Mannose im Bereich von weniger als 0,01 Gew.-%besitzt, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Hemicellulose, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil an p-Hydroxybenzaldehyd im Bereich von 190 µg·g^-1 bis 215 µg·g^-1 aufweisen, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil Ferulasäure im Bereich von 2300 µg·g^-1 bis 2600 µg·g^-1 aufweisen, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil an Proteinen im Bereich von 1,2 Gew.-% bis 1,6 Gew.-% aufweisen, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil an Lipiden im Bereich von 0,8 Gew.-% bis 1,0 Gew.-% aufweisen, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der eingesetzten Haferfasern.

Particularly preferred is an oat composite article,

• - the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of lignocellulose in the range of 81% by weight to 86% by weight, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and
• - the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of lignin in the range of 22% by weight to 25% by weight, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and
• - Wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range of 31.5% by weight to 36.0% by weight, based on the dry matter of the oat fibers used, and
• - wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a proportion of xylose in the range of 27.3% by weight to 29.9% by weight, based on the dry matter of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and
• - Wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a proportion of arabinose in the range of 3.2% by weight to 3.8% by weight, based on the dry matter of the oat composite article existing hemicellulose, and
• - wherein in the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article there is a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range of 0.1 to 0.2, and
• - wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a mannose content in the range of less than 0.01% by weight, based on the dry matter of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the range of 190 µg g ^-1 to 215 µg g ^-1 , based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of ferulic acid in the range of 2300 µg g ^-1 to 2600 µg g ^-1 , based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a protein content in the range of 1.2% by weight to 1.6% by weight, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and
• - Wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of lipids in the range of 0.8% by weight to 1.0% by weight, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used.

Oat composite articles which contain the substances defined above in the amounts defined above have combinations of properties which are in many cases perceived as particularly advantageous in the field of the present invention.

• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen Anteil an Hemicellulose im Bereich von 31,5 Gew.-% bis 36,0 Gew.-% besitzt, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der eingesetzten Haferfasern, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandene Hemicellulose einen Anteil an Xylose im Bereich von 27,3 Gew.-% bis 29,9 Gew.-% besitzt, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Hemicellulose, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandene Hemicellulose einen Anteil an Arabinose im Bereich von 3,2 Gew.-% bis 3,8 Gew.-% besitzt, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Hemicellulose, und
• - wobei in der im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Hemicellulose ein Verhältnis von Arabinose zu Xylose im Bereich von 0,1 bis 0,2 vorliegt.

In many cases, oat composite articles are preferred,

• - wherein the oat fibres present in the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range of 31.5% by weight to 36.0% by weight, based on the dry mass of the oat fibres used, and
• - wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range of 27.3% to 29.9% by weight, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and
• - wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has an arabinose content in the range of 3.2% to 3.8% by weight, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and
• - wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range of 0.1 to 0.2.

In particular, our own tests on such oat composite articles have shown that they have particularly positive properties with regard to melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 ° C and 5 kg and melt volume flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 ° C and 5 kg in conjunction with a particularly advantageous bending elongation at bending strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min.

Oat composite articles containing lignocellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, p-hydrobenzaldehyde, ferulic acid, proteins and lipids in the ranges indicated above as preferred have particularly good properties when compounded with polymeric materials and lead to one in the field The connection of oat fibers and polymers that is perceived as particularly positive in the present invention.

Oat composite articles containing the above-mentioned substances in the above-mentioned amounts are particularly preferred in many cases, since their presence in the oat composite article achieves many of the above-described effects and advantages of the present invention to a particular degree.

• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern eine anzahlgewichtete durchschnittliche Länge im Bereich von 100 µm bis 300 µm besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 120 µm bis 250 µm, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 150 µm bis 220 µm, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 190 µm bis 200 µm, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern eine anzahlgewichtete durchschnittliche Dicke im Bereich von 30 µm bis 200 µm besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 50 µm bis 150 µm, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 90 µm bis 130 µm, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 105 µm bis 120 µm, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern eine anzahlgewichtete durchschnittliche Konvexität im Bereich von 0,6 bis 0,95 besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,65 bis 0,90, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,7 bis 0,85, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen anzahlgewichteten durchschnittlichen Formfaktor im Bereich von 1,0 bis 1,5 besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 1,03 bis 1,4, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 1,05 bis 1,35, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern ein anzahlgewichtetes durchschnittliches Feretachsenverhältnis im Bereich von 0,3 bis 0,7 besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,4 bis 0,6, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,45 bis 0,58.

The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred),

• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 µm to 300 µm, preferably in the range from 120 µm to 250 µm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 µm to 220 µm, preferably in the range from 190 µm to 200 µm, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 µm to 200 µm, preferably in the range from 50 µm to 150 µm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 µm to 130 µm, preferably in the range from 105 µm to 120 µm, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range from 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range from 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range from 0.7 to 0.85, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range from 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range from 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range from 1.05 to 1.35, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average fiber-axial ratio in the range of 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range of 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range of 0.45 to 0.58.

The term “µm” means micrometer, i.e. one millionth of a meter.

• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern eine anzahlgewichtete durchschnittliche Länge im Bereich von 100 µm bis 300 µm besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 120 µm bis 250 µm, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 150 µm bis 220 µm, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 190 µm bis 200 µm, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern eine anzahlgewichtete durchschnittliche Dicke im Bereich von 30 µm bis 200 µm besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 50 µm bis 150 µm, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 90 µm bis 130 µm, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 105 µm bis 120 µm, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern eine anzahlgewichtete durchschnittliche Konvexität im Bereich von 0,6 bis 0,95 besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,65 bis 0,90, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,7 bis 0,85, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen anzahlgewichteten durchschnittlichen Formfaktor im Bereich von 1,0 bis 1,5 besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 1,03 bis 1,4, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 1,05 bis 1,35 und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern ein anzahlgewichtetes durchschnittliches Feretachsenverhältnis im Bereich von 0,3 bis 0,7 besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,4 bis 0,6, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,45 bis 0,58.

In many cases, oat composite articles are particularly preferred,

• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 µm to 300 µm, preferably in the range from 120 µm to 250 µm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 µm to 220 µm, preferably in the range from 190 µm to 200 µm, and
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 µm to 200 µm, preferably in the range from 50 µm to 150 µm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 µm to 130 µm, preferably in the range from 105 µm to 120 µm, and
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range of 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range of 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range of 0.7 to 0.85, and
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range from 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range from 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range from 1.05 to 1.35 and
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average fiber-axial ratio in the range of 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range of 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range of 0.45 to 0.58.

Our own investigations on oat composite articles, as examples for other cereal composite articles, have shown that oat composite articles in which the oat fibres have a number-weighted average length as defined above and at the same time a number-weighted average thickness as defined above, have particularly positive properties and property combinations with regard to the following parameters: Tensile strength, determined according to EN ISO 527-2 , Bending stress at conventional deflection, determined according to Method A of EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min, as well as bending strain at bending strength, determined according to method Ader EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min.

• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern eine anzahlgewichtete durchschnittliche Länge im Bereich 190 µm bis 200 µm besitzen, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern eine anzahlgewichtete durchschnittliche Dicke im Bereich von 105 µm bis 120 µm besitzen, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern eine anzahlgewichtete durchschnittliche Konvexität im Bereich von 0,7 bis 0,85 besitzen, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern einen anzahlgewichteten durchschnittlichen Formfaktor im Bereich von 1,05 bis 1,35 besitzen, und
• - wobei die im Haferkomposit-Artikel vorhandenen Haferfasern ein anzahlgewichtetes durchschnittliches Feretachsenverhältnis im Bereich von 0,45 bis 0,58 besitzen.

In many cases, such oat composite articles are particularly preferred,

• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range 190 µm to 200 µm, and
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range of 105 µm to 120 µm, and
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range of 0.7 to 0.85, and
• - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average form factor in the range of 1.05 to 1.35, and
• - The oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average ferret axis ratio in the range of 0.45 to 0.58.

Oat composite articles in which the oat fibers contained have the combinations of properties defined above lead to particularly preferred properties and combinations of properties which are perceived as particularly positive, particularly for compostable oat composite articles in the field of the present invention.

• - wobei im Haferkomposit-Artikel der Anteil von Haferfasern im Bereich von 5 Gew.- % bis 45 Gew.-% liegt, bevorzugt im Bereich von 10 Gew.-% bis 42 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 20 Gew.-% bis 40 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 30 Gew.-% bis 35 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des Haferkomposit-Artikels.

The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred),

• - wherein in the oat composite article the proportion of oat fibres is in the range from 5% to 45% by weight, preferably in the range from 10% to 42% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 20% to 40% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 30% to 35% by weight, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article.

Our own studies on oat composite articles, exemplifying other grain composite articles, have shown that oat composite articles that contain a proportion of oat fibers as defined above, in many cases have particularly advantageous combinations of properties. Depending on the requirements of the individual case, the expert is also able to identify proportions of oat fibers in the oat composite article outside the areas defined here, which lead to positive combinations of properties in the individual case under consideration.

The effects and advantages of the oat composite articles according to the invention described above are achieved to a particular extent in many cases with the proportions of oat fibers specified here.

• - Zucker, bevorzugt Glucose, Saccharose und/oder Stärke, besonders bevorzugt Glucose, Saccharose und/oder Stärke in einem Anteil von 3 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des resultierenden Haferkomposit-Artikels
• - Düngemittel, bevorzugt Düngemittel in einem Anteil von 2 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.- % bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des resultierenden Haferkomposit-Artikels, besonders bevorzugt Guano in einem Anteil von 2 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des resultierenden Haferkomposit-Artikels,
• - Hilfsstoffe zur Verbesserung der Fließeigenschaften des geschmolzenen Polymermaterials, vorzugsweise biobasierte und biologisch abbaubare Hilfsstoffe zur Verbesserung der Fließeigenschaften des geschmolzenen Polymermaterials, besonders bevorzugt biobasierte und biologisch abbaubare Hilfsstoffe zur Verbesserung der Fließeigenschaften des geschmolzenen Polymermaterials in einem Anteil von 1 Gew.-% bis 3 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des resultierenden Getreidekomposit-Artikels,
• - Farbstoffe, bevorzugt Lebensmittelfarbstoffe, besonders bevorzugt natürliche Lebensmittelfarbstoffe, ganz besonders bevorzugt natürliche Lebensmittelfarbstoffe ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus: Carotinoide, Beerenfarbstoffe, Beten-Farbstoffe, Karmin, Paprikaextrakt und Curcumin.

The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), additionally comprising one, two, three or more substances, preferably in a combined total proportion of 2 to 5% by weight based on the total mass of the oat composite article, which are preferably selected independently of one another from the group consisting of:

• - Sugar, preferably glucose, sucrose and/or starch, particularly preferably glucose, sucrose and/or starch in a proportion of 3 wt.% to 5 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article
• - Fertilizers, preferably fertilizers in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article, particularly preferably guano in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article,
• - Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, particularly preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material in a proportion of 1 wt.% to 3 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting cereal composite article,
• - Colorants, preferably food colorants, particularly preferably natural food colorants, very particularly preferably natural food colorants selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry colorants, beetroot colorants, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin.

In many cases it is preferred if the oat composite article according to the invention contains one, two, three or more additional substances in addition to the polymer material on the one hand and the oat fibers on the other. In many cases it is preferred if the oat composite article contains the above-mentioned substances as additives.

If the oat composite article contains other sugars in addition to the sugars contained in the oat fibers, the compostability of the oat composite article is improved in many cases. In particular, in many cases such an oat composite article has a faster compostability than an oat composite article which, with an otherwise identical composition, does not contain any sugar molecules in addition to the sugar molecules that are present in the oat fibers.

In many cases it is preferred if the oat composite article contains fertilizers; This is particularly the case, for example, if the oat composite article is compostable and is designed as a planter, since plant shock can be avoided with appropriate planters.

Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material are known to those skilled in the art; For example, he uses erucaric acid amide, as is commercially available under the trade name “LOXIOL® E SPEZIAL” from Emrey Oleochemicals GmbH from Düsseldorf; he additionally or alternatively uses polyol partial esters, such as those commercially available under the trade name “LOXIOL® P 728 BEADS” from Emrey Oleochemicals GmbH from Düsseldorf; additionally or alternatively replaces compositions such as those commercially available under the trade name “CITROFOL Al” from Jungbunzlauer Ladenburg GmbH from Ladenburg; in some cases the person skilled in the art also uses inert polymers, such as those commercially available under the trade name “BIOSTRENGTH® 150” from ARKEMA GmbH from Düsseldorf; At least the latter are not biodegradable and are therefore only used if the requirements for the biodegradability of the oat composite article are correspondingly low. In many cases it is preferred if the auxiliary materials used to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material are selected so that they comply with “Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 16, 2008 on the classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing the Directives 67/548 /EEC and 1999/45/EC and amending Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 ", cannot be classified as dangerous.

In many cases, in the context of the present invention, it is preferred if the oat composite article does not contain any auxiliary substances to improve the flow properties.

In the context of this text, the term dye refers to chemical compounds that have the property of coloring other materials.

In the context of the present invention, the term food colorings refers in particular to food additives which have the property of coloring other materials and which are approved in accordance with the provisions of “Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on food additives".

Particular preference is given to using natural food colorings in the context of the present invention, i.e. food colorings that can be obtained from plants or animals. Examples of natural food colorings used in the oat composite article according to the invention These are: carotenoids (E 160a), berry pigments (anthocyanins, E 163), beetroot pigments (betanin, E 162), carmine (E 120), paprika extract (E 160c) and curcumin (E 100).

Coloring plant or fruit extracts, such as the extracts of beetroot, spinach, elderberry, saffron and goldenseal, are also natural food colorings. Squid ink or sepia is also a natural food coloring.

• - wobei der Haferkomposit-Artikel, vorzugsweise das Haferkomposit-Formteil, eine Schmelze-Massefließrate, bestimmt gemäß ISO 1133-2 unter Verwendung des Verfahrens B und unter Verwendung der Parameter 190 °C und 5 kg, im Bereich von 15 g/10 min bis 25 g/10 min aufweist, bevorzugt im Bereich von 16 g/10 min bis 24 g/10 min, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 16,5 g/10 min bis 23,8 g/10 min und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei der Haferkomposit-Artikel, vorzugsweise das Haferkomposit-Formteil, eine Schmelze-Volumenfließrate, bestimmt gemäß ISO 1133-2 unter Verwendung des Verfahrens B und unter Verwendung der Parameter 190 °C und 5 kg, im Bereich von 10 cm³/10 min bis 105 cm³/10 min aufweist, bevorzugt im Bereich von 12 cm³/10 min bis 104 cm³/10 min, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 13 cm³/10 min bis 102 cm³/10 min und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei der Haferkomposit-Artikel, vorzugsweise das Haferkomposit-Formteil, eine Dichte bestimmt gemäß Verfahren Ader DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019 , im Bereich von 1,2 g ern-³ bis 1,5 g ern-³ aufweist, bevorzugt im Bereich von 1,26 g ern-³ bis 1,4 g·cm^{- 3}, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 1,28 g·cm^-3 bis 1,39 g·cm^-3 und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei der Haferkomposit-Artikel, vorzugsweise das Haferkomposit-Formteil, einen Biege-Elastizitätsmodul bestimmt gemäß Verfahren Ader DIN EN ISO 178:2019 mit einer Vorkraft von 0,1 MPa und einer Prüfgeschwindigkeit von 2 mm/min, im Bereich von 1500 MPa bis 5000 MPa aufweist, bevorzugt im Bereich von 1600 MPa bis 4500 MPa, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 1640 MPa bis 4300 MPa und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei der Haferkomposit-Artikel, vorzugsweise das Haferkomposit-Formteil, eine Zugfestigkeit bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 527-2:2012 , im Bereich von 15 MPa bis 30 MPa aufweist, bevorzugt im Bereich von 18 MPa bis 27 MPa, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 19 MPa bis 26 MPa und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei der Haferkomposit-Artikel, vorzugsweise das Haferkomposit-Formteil, eine Zugdehnung bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 527-2 , im Bereich von 0,7 % bis 3,0 % aufweist, bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,8 % bis 2,8 %, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,81 % bis 2,79 % und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei der Haferkomposit-Artikel, vorzugsweise das Haferkomposit-Formteil, eine Biegespannung bei konventioneller Durchbiegung, bestimmt gemäß Verfahren Ader DIN EN ISO 178 , , mit einer Vorkraft von 0,1 MPa und einer Prüfgeschwindigkeit von 2 mm/min, im Bereich von 30 MPa bis 40 MPa aufweist, bevorzugt im Bereich von 34 MPa bis 39 MPa, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 36 MPa bis 38 MPa und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei der Haferkomposit-Artikel, vorzugsweise das Haferkomposit-Formteil, eine Biegedehnung bei Biegefestigkeit, bestimmt gemäß Verfahren A der DIN EN ISO 178 , , mit einer Vorkraft von 0,1 MPa und einer Prüfgeschwindigkeit von 2 mm/min, im Bereich von 0,5 % bis 6 % aufweist, bevorzugt im Bereich von 1,0 % bis 5,0 %, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 1,4 % bis 4,5 % und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei der Haferkomposit-Artikel, vorzugsweise das Haferkomposit-Formteil, eine Charpy-Schlagzähigkeit des ungekerbten Probekörpers, bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010 nach dem Verfahren ISO 179-1/1eU, im Bereich von 4 kJ·m^-2 bis 20 kJ·m^-2 aufweist, bevorzugt im Bereich von 4,1 kJ·m^-2 bis 12 kJ·m^-2, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 4,2 kJ·m^-2 bis 11,5 kJ·m^-2.

The present invention, with its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), preferably an oat composite molded part,

• - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 ° C and 5 kg, in the range from 15 g / 10 min to 25 g/10 min, preferably in the range from 16 g/10 min to 24 g/10 min, particularly preferably in the range from 16.5 g/10 min to 23.8 g/10 min and/or, preferably “and “
• - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt volume flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 ° C and 5 kg, in the range of 10 cm ³ /10 min to 105 cm ³ /10 min, preferably in the range from 12 cm ³ /10 min to 104 cm ³ /10 min, particularly preferably in the range from 13 cm ³ /10 min to 102 cm ³ /10 min and/or, preferred "and"
• - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a density determined according to the Ader method DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019 , in the range from 1.2 g ern- ³ to 1.5 g ern- ³ , preferably in the range from 1.26 g ern- ³ to 1.4 g cm ^{- 3} , particularly preferably in the range from 1.28 g cm ^-3 to 1.39 g cm ^-3 and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a bending modulus of elasticity determined according to the Ader method DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preliminary force of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min, in the range from 1500 MPa to 5000 MPa, preferably in the range from 1600 MPa to 4500 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 1640 MPa to 4300 MPa and / or , preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a tensile strength determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2:2012 , in the range from 15 MPa to 30 MPa, preferably in the range from 18 MPa to 27 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 19 MPa to 26 MPa and / or, preferably "and"
• - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a tensile elongation determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2 , in the range from 0.7% to 3.0%, preferably in the range from 0.8% to 2.8%, particularly preferably in the range from 0.81% to 2.79% and / or, preferably “and “
• - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a bending stress at conventional deflection, determined according to the method Ader DIN EN ISO 178 , , with a pre-force of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min, in the range from 30 MPa to 40 MPa, preferably in the range from 34 MPa to 39 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 36 MPa to 38 MPa and /or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a bending elongation at bending strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178 , , with a pre-force of 0.1 MPa and a testing speed of 2 mm/min, in the range from 0.5% to 6%, preferably in the range from 1.0% to 5.0%, particularly preferably in the range 1.4% to 4.5% and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a Charpy impact strength of the unnotched test specimen, determined according to DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010 according to the method ISO 179-1/1eU, in the range from 4 kJ m ^-2 to 20 kJ m ^-2 , preferably in the range from 4.1 kJ m ^-2 to 12 kJ m ^-2 , particularly preferred in the range from 4.2 kJ m ^-2 to 11.5 kJ m ^-2 .

The pressure specification MPa means, here and below, “megapascal”, i.e. one million pascals.

The term “kJ m ^-2 ” means kilojoules per square meter.

Depending on the requirements of the individual case, the specialist selects oat composite articles that have one, several or all of the above properties. In some cases it is also preferred to select properties that fall outside the ranges defined above. The specialist recognizes these cases based on the requirements of the specific individual case.

Oat composite articles, in particular oat composite moldings with the properties defined above in the ranges defined above are particularly preferred in many cases, depending on their use or intended use, since their properties are perceived as particularly positive in the field of the present invention. In particular, the properties defined above in the ranges defined above are preferred when the oat composite article, in particular the oat composite molding, contains a biopolymer material as the polymer material.

• - der Haferkomposit-Artikel, vorzugsweise das Haferkomposit-Formteil, einen Eigengeruch nach Röstaromen aufweist.

The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), preferably an oat composite molded part (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein

• - the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite moulded part, has its own roasted odour.

In many cases, biocomposites such as those known from the prior art have an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant, which prevents them from being used commercially or makes them less advantageous.

The addition of fragrances to mask an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant or to create an inherent odor that is perceived as pleasant is generally undesirable in the field of the present invention.

In many cases, it is therefore extremely preferred if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has an inherent smell of roasted aromas. An inherent smell of roasted aromas is perceived as particularly advantageous for commercial use in the field of the present invention. The person skilled in the art identifies these cases based on the requirements of the specific individual case.

The other effects and advantages described above are also achieved to a particular extent here.

It is also particularly preferred if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a light color that is perceived as advantageous and can also be printed using the methods customary in the field of the present invention.

• - der Haferkomposit-Artikel, vorzugsweise das Haferkomposit-Formteil, den Anforderungen der EU-Verordnung Nr. 10/2011 der Kommission vom 14. Januar 2011 über Materialien und Gegenstände aus Kunststoff, die dazu bestimmt sind, mit Lebensmitteln in Berührung zu kommen, entspricht.

The present invention, in its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), preferably an oat composite molding (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein

• - the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, meets the requirements of EU Regulation No. 10/2011 of the Commission of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.

In many cases, biocomposites such as those known from the prior art have an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant, which in particular prevents or makes commercial use that involves contact with food less advantageous. In many cases it is therefore extremely preferred if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has an inherent smell of roasted aromas and at the same time meets the requirements of EU Regulation No. 10/2011 of the Commission of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. This combination is regularly perceived as extremely positive in the field of the present invention.

In many cases it is preferred if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, is suitable for use in the packaging and/or processing of foodstuffs; in particular, in many cases it is preferred if the oat composite article is also approved for this purpose in the European Union. Against this background, the person skilled in the art identifies suitable polymer materials from his or her specialist knowledge that may be present in a food-grade oat composite article.

In many cases, it is particularly preferred if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, is heat-treated and/or free of harmful substances. Preferably, the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, is food-safe, free of harmful substances and heat-treated.

In many cases it is also preferred if the food-grade oat composite article, preferably the food-grade oat composite molding, is compostable, preferably industrially compostable, particularly preferably home compostable.

The other effects and advantages described above are also achieved to a particular extent here.

The present invention, with its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), the oat composite article being at temperatures in the range between 0 ° C and 25 ° C, preferably between 1 ° C and 23°C, particularly preferably between 4°C and 20°C and with a defined air humidity in the range of 0% to 10% relative humidity, preferably in the range of 1% to 9% relative humidity, particularly preferably in the range of 1 % to 8% relative humidity over a period of at least 12 months, preferably at least 18 months, particularly preferably at least 24 months, very particularly preferably at least 36 months without mold formation.

Oat composite articles have a particularly advantageous storage life and have a moisture content in the range from 0% by weight to 10% by weight, preferably in the range from 3% by weight to 9% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 6% by weight .-% to 8 wt .-%. If necessary, the specialist will dry the oat composite items before storage; He independently selects the appropriate drying method from the drying methods known to him based on the requirements of the individual case.

In the field of the present invention, storage of oat composite articles at temperatures and humidity in the specified ranges often occurs. In particular, if the oat composite article is an oat composite granulate or a dried oat composite granulate, intermediate storage regularly occurs before further processing steps such as injection molding or compression molding. Mold formation during storage is generally undesirable in the field of the present invention. Oat composite articles which are storable at the temperatures and humidities indicated above for at least a period of time as defined above are in many cases extremely preferred in the field of the present invention.

Our own investigations have shown that in the field of the present invention, extremely undesirable mold formation regularly occurs when storing biocomposite materials such as those known from the prior art. Such mold formation does not occur when oat composite articles according to the invention are stored professionally under the above-mentioned conditions.

• - Haferkomposit,
• - Haferkomposit-Granulat,
• - getrocknetes Haferkomposit-Granulat und
• - Haferkomposit-Formteil, zur Herstellung eines Artikels, vorzugsweise zur Herstellung eines Artikels ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
• - Gartenartikel, Landwirtschaftsartikel und/oder Forstartikel, bevorzugt insbesondere Pflanztöpfe, Silagefolien, Pflanzen-Befestigungsclips und Wuchshüllen, insbesondere Verbissschutz, Unkrautsperren und Hüllen zum Schutz vor Frost,
• - Beschilderungen, insbesondere Beschilderungen für den nicht auf eine Dauer von mehr als 2 Monaten ausgelegten Einsatz,
• - Einweggeschirr und Einwegbesteck, bevorzugt insbesondere Einwegschalen, Einwegteller, Deckel für Einweg-Kaffeebecher, Einweggefäße, vorzugsweise Einwegbecher, für Kaltgetränke, Einweggefäße, vorzugweise Einwegbecher, für Heißgetränke, Einwegmesser, Einweggabeln, Einwegesslöffel, Einwegkaffeelöffel, Einwegrührstäbchen, Einwegessstäbchen,
• - Einwegstrohhalme,
• - Mehrweggeschirr und Mehrwegbesteck, bevorzugt insbesondere Mehrwegschalen, Mehrwegteller, Deckel für Mehrweg-Kaffeebecher, Mehrweggefäße, vorzugsweise Mehrwegbecher für Kaltgetränke, Mehrweggefäße, vorzugweise Mehrwegbecher, für Heißgetränke, Mehrwegmesser, Mehrweggabeln, Mehrwegesslöffel, Mehrwegkaffeelöffel, Mehrwegrührstäbchen, Mehrwegessstäbchen,
• - Mehrwegstrohhalme,
• - Strandspielzeug
• - Tragetaschen, insbesondere Einkaufstaschen und Abfallbeutel,
• - Flockungsmittel, Feuchttücher, Borsten für Kehrmaschinen, Mähfäden, Mulchfolien, Bindegarne, Folien für Spülmaschinentabs, Blumensteckschaum, Kaugummi, Schmutzradierer, Mikro-Komposit-Partikel für Kosmetik, Fischereiprodukte, Grannulat für Transportzwecke, insbesondere für den Transport von Steinplatten und/oder Betonplatten, Vogelberingung, Anteile von Feuerwerkskörpern, Scheuerfäden, Saatgutbeschichtung und
• - Einwegverpackungen, vorzugsweise Einwegverpackungen für Lebensmittel, insbesondere Kaffeekapseln, Teebeutel und Folien zum Verpacken von Obst.

The present invention also relates to a use of an oat composite article, preferably a compostable oat composite article, particularly preferably an industrially compostable oat composite article, very particularly preferably a home-compostable oat composite article, selected from the group consisting of:

• - Oat composite,
• - Oat composite granules,
• - dried oat composite granules and
• - Oat composite molding, for producing an article, preferably for producing an article selected from the group consisting of:
• - Garden articles, agricultural articles and/or forestry articles, preferably in particular plant pots, silage films, plant fastening clips and growth covers, in particular browsing protection, weed barriers and covers for protection against frost,
• - Signs, in particular signs for use not designed for a period of more than 2 months,
• - Disposable tableware and disposable cutlery, preferably in particular disposable bowls, disposable plates, lids for disposable coffee cups, disposable containers, preferably disposable cups, for cold drinks, disposable containers, preferably disposable cups, for hot drinks, disposable knives, disposable forks, disposable tablespoons, disposable coffee spoons, disposable stirrers, disposable chopsticks,
• - Disposable straws,
• - Reusable tableware and reusable cutlery, preferably in particular reusable bowls, reusable plates, lids for reusable coffee cups, reusable containers, preferably reusable cups for cold drinks, reusable containers, preferably reusable cups, for hot drinks, reusable knives, reusable forks, reusable tablespoons, reusable coffee spoons, reusable stirrers, reusable chopsticks,
• - Reusable straws,
• - Beach toys
• - Carrier bags, especially shopping bags and garbage bags,
• - flocculants, wet wipes, bristles for sweepers, mowing threads, mulching foils, binding twines, foils for dishwasher tablets, floral foam, chewing gum, dirt erasers, micro-composite particles for cosmetics, fishery products, granules for transport purposes, in particular for the transport of stone slabs and/or concrete slabs, bird ringing, parts of fireworks, scouring threads, seed coating and
• - Disposable packaging, preferably disposable packaging for food, in particular coffee capsules, tea bags and films for wrapping fruit.

In particular, the articles specified above are produced using an oat composite article according to the invention in a particularly positive design and with properties or combinations of properties that are perceived as particularly positive in the field of the present invention. In many cases, the respective manufacturing process is carried out particularly efficiently and/or in a resource-saving manner by using an oat composite article according to the invention.

In the field of the present invention, scouring threads are also referred to as “dolly ropes”.

The present invention also relates to a use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred.

In many cases, oat husk fibers and/or oat husk fibers are preferably used to produce an oat composite article, particularly preferably oat husk fibers and oat husk fibers.

The effects and advantages described above in connection with oat composite articles according to the invention are realized when using oat fibers to produce an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred.

• - Polyhydroxyalkanoat,
• - Polybutylensuccinat,
• - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat,
• - natürliche Harze,
• - Stärke,
• - Cellulose mit einem Ligninanteil von weniger als 5 Gew.-%,
• - Polybutylenadipat-terephthalat,
• - Polycaprolacton,
• - Polylactide,
• - Celluloseacetat,
• - Wachse und
• - Mischungen davon; bevorzugt ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
• - Polyhydroxyalkanoat,
• - Polybutylensuccinat,
• - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat und
• - Mischungen davon; besonders bevorzugt ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
• - Polyhydroxyalkanoat,
• - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat, und
• - Mischungen davon; ganz besonders bevorzugt ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
• - Polyhydroxyalkanoat und
• - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat

zur Herstellung eines Haferkomposit-Artikels, bevorzugt wie vorstehend beschrieben, vorzugsweise wie vorstehend als bevorzugt bezeichnet.The present invention also relates to a use of a polymer material selected from the group consisting of:

• - polyhydroxyalkanoate,
• - polybutylene succinate,
• - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate,
• - natural resins,
• - Strength,
• - Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight,
• - Polybutylene adipate terephthalate,
• - Polycaprolactone,
• - Polylactides,
• - Cellulose acetate,
• - Wax and
• - Mixtures thereof; preferably selected from the group consisting of:
• - polyhydroxyalkanoate,
• - polybutylene succinate,
• - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and
• - Mixtures thereof; particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:
• - polyhydroxyalkanoate,
• - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate, and
• - Mixtures thereof; most preferably selected from the group consisting of:
• - Polyhydroxyalkanoate and
• - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate

for producing an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred.

The effects and advantages described above in connection with oat composite articles according to the invention are in many cases particularly positively realized when using the polymer materials specified above, preferably the biopolymer materials specified above, to produce an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred.

• - Haferkomposit
• - Haferkomposit-Granulat
• - getrocknetes Haferkomposit-Granulat und
• - Haferkomposit-Formteil mit folgenden Schritten zur Herstellung des Artikels:
  • - Herstellen oder Bereitstellen
  • - eines Polymermaterials wobei das Polymermaterial ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
    • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat,
    • - Polybutylensuccinat,
    • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat,
    • - natürliche Harze,
    • - Stärke,
    • - Cellulose mit einem Ligninanteil von weniger als 5 Gew.-%,
    • - Polybutylenadipat-terephthalat,
    • - Polycaprolacton,
    • - Polylactide,
    • - Celluloseacetat,
    • - Wachse und
    • - Mischungen davon;
    bevorzugt ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
    • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat,
    • - Polybutylensuccinat,
    • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat und
    • - Mischungen davon;
    besonders bevorzugt ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
    • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat,
    • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat, und
    • - Mischungen davon;
    ganz besonders bevorzugt ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
    • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat und
    • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat; und räumlich davon getrennt
  • - Haferfasern, bevorzugt Haferspelzfasern und/oder Haferschalenfasern, besonders bevorzugt Haferspelzfasern und Haferschalenfasern.
• - Schmelzen des hergestellten oder bereitgestellten Polymermaterials so dass ein geschmolzenes Polymermaterial resultiert,
• - Compoundieren des geschmolzenen Polymermaterials mit zumindest den hergestellten oder bereitgestellten Haferfasern in einem vorgegebenen Mengenverhältnis, so dass das Haferkomposit resultiert.

The present invention also relates to a process for producing an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred, selected from the group consisting of:

• - Oat composite
• - Oat composite granules
• - dried oat composite granules and
• - Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the article:
  • - Manufacture or provide
  • - a polymer material, wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:
    • - polyhydroxyalkanoate,
    • - polybutylene succinate,
    • - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate,
    • - natural resins,
    • - Strength,
    • - Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight,
    • - Polybutylene adipate terephthalate,
    • - Polycaprolactone,
    • - Polylactides,
    • - Cellulose acetate,
    • - Wax and
    • - mixtures thereof;
    is preferably selected from the group consisting of:
    • - polyhydroxyalkanoate,
    • - polybutylene succinate,
    • - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and
    • - mixtures thereof;
    is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:
    • - polyhydroxyalkanoate,
    • - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate, and
    • - mixtures thereof;
    is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:
    • - Polyhydroxyalkanoate and
    • - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate; and spatially separated from
  • - Oat fibres, preferably oat husk fibres and/or oat hull fibres, particularly preferably oat husk fibres and oat hull fibres.
• - melting the produced or provided polymer material so that a molten polymer material results,
• - Compounding the molten polymer material with at least the produced or provided oat fibers in a predetermined ratio to result in the oat composite.

With the method according to the invention, the properties described above in connection with oat composite articles according to the invention are achieved to a particularly positive extent. The effects and advantages described above in connection with the oat composite article according to the invention and uses according to the invention are realized to a particular extent in the method according to the invention.

Methods of melting polymeric material and methods of compounding melted polymeric material are known to those skilled in the art of the present invention. He independently identifies the required parameters according to the needs of the individual case.

• - Haferkomposit-Granulat
• - getrocknetes Haferkomposit-Granulat und
• - Haferkomposit-Formteil mit folgenden Schritten zur Herstellung des Artikels:
• - Herstellen eines Haferkomposits gemäß einem Verfahren wie vorstehend beschrieben, vorzugsweise wie vorstehend als bevorzugt bezeichnet
• - Granulierung des Haferkomposits, so dass Haferkomposit-Granulat resultiert.

The present invention, in its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), selected from the group consisting of:

• - Oat composite granules
• - dried oat composite granules and
• - Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the item:
• - Producing an oat composite according to a method as described above, preferably as described above as preferred
• - Granulation of the oat composite, resulting in oat composite granules.

Methods of granulation are known to the person skilled in the art in the field of the present invention. He or she will independently identify the required parameters according to the needs of the individual case.

• - getrocknetes Haferkomposit-Granulat und
• - Haferkomposit-Formteil

mit folgenden Schritten zur Herstellung des Artikels:

• - Herstellen eines Haferkomposit-Granulats gemäß einem Verfahren wie vorstehend beschrieben, vorzugsweise wie vorstehend als bevorzugt bezeichnet
• - Trocknung des Haferkomposit-Granulats, so dass getrocknetes Haferkomposit-Granulat resultiert, bevorzugt getrocknetes Haferkomposit-Granulat mit einem Feuchtegehalt von weniger als 12 %, besonders bevorzugt getrocknetes Haferkomposit-Granulat mit einem Feuchtegehalt von weniger als 10 %, ganz besonders bevorzugt getrocknetes Haferkomposit-Granulat mit einem Feuchtegehalt von weniger als 9 %.

The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred) selected from the group consisting of:

• - dried oat composite granules and
• - Oat composite moulding

with the following steps to produce the article:

• - producing an oat composite granulate according to a process as described above, preferably as described above as preferred
• - drying the oat composite granules to result in dried oat composite granules, preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 12%, particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 10%, most particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 9%.

Methods of drying granules are known to those skilled in the field of the present invention. He independently identifies the required parameters according to the needs of the individual case. Before drying, the oat composite granules regularly have a moisture content of around 35% if they were produced using a water bath with subsequent strand granulation.

By drying the oat composite granules to produce dried oat composite granules, the shelf life of the granules can be advantageously increased without the formation of mold; the dried oat composite granules have an advantageously longer shelf life without the formation of mold compared to the non-dried oat composite granules.

• - Herstellen eines Haferkomposit-Granulats gemäß einem Verfahren wie vorstehend beschrieben, vorzugsweise wie vorstehend als bevorzugt bezeichnet und/oder Herstellen eines getrockneten Haferkomposit-Granulats gemäß einem Verfahren wie vorstehend beschrieben, vorzugsweise wie vorstehend als bevorzugt bezeichnet, bevorzugt Herstellen eines getrockneten Haferkomposit-Granulats gemäß einem Verfahren wie vorstehend beschrieben, vorzugsweise wie vorstehend als bevorzugt bezeichnet;
• - Schmelzen des Haferkomposit-Granulats und/oder des getrockneten Haferkomposit-Granulats, bevorzugt Schmelzen des getrockneten Haferkomposit-Granulats, so dass geschmolzenes Haferkomposit resultiert;
• - Spritzgießen des geschmolzenen Haferkomposits, so dass ein Haferkomposit Formteil resultiert.

The present invention, with its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred),
with the following steps to produce the item:

• - Producing an oat composite granulate according to a method as described above, preferably as described above as preferred and / or producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a process as described above, preferably as described above as preferred, preferably producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a method as described above, preferably as described above as preferred;
• - Melting the oat composite granules and/or the dried oat composite granules, preferably melting the dried oat composite granules, so that melted oat composite results;
• - Injection molding of the melted oat composite, resulting in an oat composite molding.

Methods of injection molding granulated biocomposite are known to the person skilled in the art in the field of the present invention. He or she will independently identify the required parameters based on the needs of the individual case.

• - Herstellen eines Haferkomposit-Granulats gemäß einem Verfahren wie vorstehend beschrieben, vorzugsweise wie vorstehend als bevorzugt bezeichnet und/oder Herstellen eines getrockneten Haferkomposit-Granulats gemäß einem Verfahren wie vorstehend beschrieben, vorzugsweise wie vorstehend als bevorzugt bezeichnet, bevorzugt Herstellen eines getrockneten Haferkomposit-Granulats gemäß einem Verfahren wie vorstehend beschrieben, vorzugsweise wie vorstehend als bevorzugt bezeichnet
• - Formpressen, des Haferkomposits, so dass ein Haferkomposit Formteil resultiert. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft mit ihren diversen Aspekten insbesondere und bevorzugt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Haferkomposit-Artikels (wie vorstehend beschrieben, vorzugsweise wie vorstehend als bevorzugt bezeichnet), mit folgendem Schritt zur Herstellung des Artikels:
  • - Tiefziehen des Haferkomposits, so dass ein Haferkomposit Formteil resultiert.

The present invention, in its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as above previously referred to as preferred),
with the following steps to produce the item:

• - Producing an oat composite granulate according to a method as described above, preferably as described above as preferred and / or producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a process as described above, preferably as described above as preferred, preferably producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a method as described above, preferably as described above as preferred
• - Compression molding of the oat composite, resulting in an oat composite molded part. The present invention, in its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), with the following step for producing the article:
  • - Deep drawing of the oat composite, resulting in an oat composite molded part.

The technical details of the deep drawing of polymers and composite materials are known to those skilled in the art.

• Extrusion, Gießen, Kalandrieren oder Blasformen, bevorzugt Blasformen und/oder Extrusion, besonders bevorzugt Blasformen des Haferkomposits, so dass ein Haferkomposit-Artikel in Form einer Folie resultiert.

The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein the resulting oat composite article is in the form of a film,
with the following step to produce the article:

• Extrusion, casting, calendering or blow molding, preferably blow molding and/or extrusion, particularly preferably blow molding the oat composite, so that an oat composite article in the form of a film results.

The procedural details of extrusion, casting, calendering and blow molding are known to those skilled in the art.

Methods of compression molding granulated biocomposite are known to the person skilled in the art in the field of the present invention. He or she will independently identify the required parameters based on the needs of the individual case.

• - das Compoundieren in einem Temperaturbereich von 180 °C bis 230 °C erfolgt, bevorzugt in einem Temperaturbereich von 185 °C bis 220 °C, besonders bevorzugt in einem Temperaturbereich von 188 °C bis 215 °C, ganz besonders bevorzugt in einem Temperaturbereich von 190 °C bis 210 °C und/oder, bevorzugt „und
• - wobei das Polymermaterial ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
  • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat,
  • - Polybutylensuccinat,
  • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat,
  • - natürliche Harze,
  • - Stärke,
  • - Cellulose mit einem Ligninanteil von weniger als 5 Gew.-%,
  • - Polybutylenadipat-terephthalat,
  • - Polycaprolacton,
  • - Polylactide,
  • - Celluloseacetat,
  • - Wachse und
  • - Mischungen davon;
  bevorzugt ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
  1. - Polyhydroxyalkanoat,
  2. - Polybutylensuccinat,
  3. - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat und
  4. - Mischungen davon;
  besonders bevorzugt ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
  • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat,
  • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat, und
  • - Mischungen davon;
  ganz besonders bevorzugt ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
  • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat und
  • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat.

The present invention, in its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), preferably for producing an oat composite molding (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred referred to), where

• - the compounding takes place in a temperature range of 180 ° C to 230 ° C, preferably in a temperature range of 185 ° C to 220 ° C, particularly preferably in a temperature range of 188 ° C to 215 ° C, most preferably in a temperature range of 190 ° C to 210 ° C and / or, preferably “and
• - wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:
  • - polyhydroxyalkanoate,
  • - polybutylene succinate,
  • - polybutylene succinate co-adipate,
  • - natural resins,
  • - Strength,
  • - Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight,
  • - polybutylene adipate terephthalate,
  • - polycaprolactone,
  • - polylactides,
  • - cellulose acetate,
  • - Grow and
  • - mixtures thereof;
  is preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  1. - polyhydroxyalkanoate,
  2. - polybutylene succinate,
  3. - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and
  4. - mixtures thereof;
  is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • - polyhydroxyalkanoate,
  • - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate, and
  • - mixtures thereof;
  is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • - Polyhydroxyalkanoate and
  • - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate.

In particular, when industrially compostable oat composite articles are produced using the method according to the invention, it is preferred in some cases to select polylactide as the polymer material. In many cases, polylactide can be obtained particularly easily and inexpensively in terms of ecological and economic aspects.

In particular, when home-compostable oat composite articles are produced using the method according to the invention, it is preferred in many cases to select polybutylene succinate and/or polybutylene succinate-co-adipate as the polymer material. Both polybutylene succinate and polybutylene succinate-co-adipate polylactides are particularly preferred in the method according to the invention in many cases, particularly with regard to their advantageous ecological aspects.

In other cases, particularly when home-compostable oat composite articles are produced using the method according to the invention, polyhydroxyalkanoate is preferably selected as the polymer material. In many cases, polyhydroxyalkanoate is also preferred as the polymer material when marine compostable oat composite articles are produced using the process according to the invention. When using polyhydroxyalkanoate, a particularly high proportion of oat fiber can also be used in the process according to the invention in many cases.

• - das Schmelzen und Verarbeiten beim Spritzgießen bis unmittelbar vor dem Kontakt mit einer Gießform und/oder einem Wasserbad in einem Temperaturbereich von 80 °C bis 230 °C erfolgt, bevorzugt in einem Temperaturbereich von 100 °C bis 220 °C, besonders bevorzugt in einem Temperaturbereich von 110 °C bis 210 °C, ganz besonders bevorzugt in einem Temperaturbereich von 120 °C bis 200 °C und/oder [Beschreibung: Bevorzugt „und“]
• - beim Spritzgießen die Gießform unmittelbar vor dem Kontakt mit dem geschmolzenen Haferkomposit eine Temperatur im Bereich von 15 °C bis 50 °C besitzt, bevorzugt eine Temperatur im Bereich von 20 °C bis 40 °C, besonders bevorzugt eine Temperatur im Bereich von 25 °C bis 38 °C, ganz besonders bevorzugt eine Temperatur im Bereich von 30 °C bis 35 °C.

The present invention, with its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite molding (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein

• - the melting and processing during injection molding takes place until immediately before contact with a mold and/or a water bath in a temperature range of 80 ° C to 230 ° C, preferably in a temperature range of 100 ° C to 220 ° C, particularly preferably in one Temperature range from 110 °C to 210 °C, most preferably in a temperature range from 120 °C to 200 °C and/or [Description: Preferably “and”]
• - During injection molding, the mold immediately before contact with the melted oat composite has a temperature in the range of 15 ° C to 50 ° C, preferably a temperature in the range of 20 ° C to 40 ° C, particularly preferably a temperature in the range of 25 ° C to 38 °C, most preferably a temperature in the range from 30 °C to 35 °C.

With the parameters defined above, oat composite moldings with particularly positive properties and/or combinations of properties are obtained in a particularly efficient manner in the process according to the invention in many cases.

• - Bereitstellen von Haferschalen und/oder Haferspelzen;
• - Reinigen der Haferschalen und/oder Haferspelzen, so dass gereinigte Haferschalen und/oder gereinigte Haferspelzen resultieren;
• - Trocknen der gereinigten Haferschalen und/oder der gereinigten Haferspelzen, so dass getrocknete gereinigte Haferschalen und/oder getrocknete gereinigte Haferspelzen resultieren;
• - Vermahlen der getrockneten gereinigten Haferschalen und/oder der getrockneten gereinigten Haferspelzen, so dass gemahlene Haferschalen und/oder gemahlene Haferspelzen resultieren;
• - Absieben der gemahlenen Haferschalen und/oder der gemahlenen Haferspelzen, so dass Haferfasern und ein Rückstand im Sieb resultieren.

The present invention, with its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), with the following steps:

• - Providing oat husks and/or oat husks;
• - Cleaning the oat hulls and/or oat husks so that cleaned oat hulls and/or cleaned oat husks result;
• - Drying the cleaned oat hulls and/or the cleaned oat husks, so that dried cleaned oat hulls and/or dried cleaned oat husks result;
• - Grinding the dried, cleaned oat hulls and/or the dried, cleaned oat husks to produce ground oat hulls and/or ground oat husks;
• - Sieving the ground oat hulls and/or the ground oat husks so that oat fibers and a residue result in the sieve.

• - Bereitstellen von Haferschalen und Haferspelzen;
• - Reinigen der Haferschalen und Haferspelzen, so dass gereinigte Haferschalen und gereinigte Haferspelzen resultieren;
• - Trocknen der gereinigten Haferschalen und der gereinigten Haferspelzen, so dass getrocknete gereinigte Haferschalen und getrocknete gereinigte Haferspelzen resultieren;
• - Vermahlen der getrockneten gereinigten Haferschalen und der getrockneten gereinigten Haferspelzen, so dass gemahlene Haferschalen und gemahlene Haferspelzen resultieren;
• - Absieben der gemahlenen Haferschalen und der gemahlenen Haferspelzen, so dass Haferfasern und ein Rückstand im Sieb resultieren.

In many cases, a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred) is preferred, comprising the following steps:

• - Providing oat husks and oat husks;
• - Cleaning the oat hulls and oat husks, resulting in cleaned oat hulls and cleaned oat husks;
• - Drying the cleaned oat hulls and the cleaned oat husks so that dried cleaned oat hulls and dried cleaned oat husks result;
• - Grinding the dried purified oat hulls and the dried purified oat husks to produce ground oat hulls and ground oat husks;
• - Sieving the ground oat hulls and ground oat husks so that oat fibers and a residue result in the sieve.

When carrying out a method according to the invention for producing an oat composite article with the steps defined above, oat composite articles with particularly positive properties are obtained. Particularly if the oat composite articles resulting from the process are intended for contact with food, when carrying out the process according to the invention it is generally preferred to carry out the process steps defined above.

• - das Reinigen der Haferschalen und/oder Haferspelzen zumindest teilweise durch Kochen in Wasser bei 100°C und anschließendes Auspressen, vorzugsweise durch Auspressen mit einer Pondorf-Schneckenpresse erfolgt, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - Wobei das Trocknen als indirektes Trocknen durchgeführt wird, vorzugsweise als indirektes Trocknen auf einem Bandtrockner oder in einem Trockenschrank, bevorzugt auf einem Bandtrockner, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - Wobei das Trocknen so durchgeführt wird, dass die resultierenden getrockneten gereinigten Haferschalen und/oder getrockneten gereinigten Haferspelzen einen Wassergehalt von weniger als 7 Gew.-%, bevorzugt weniger als 6 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 5 Gew.-% ganz besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 4 Gew.-% besitzen, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - Wobei die beim Vermahlen eingesetzten getrockneten gereinigten Haferschalen und/oder getrockneten gereinigten Haferspelzen zu Beginn des Vermahlens einen Wassergehalt von weniger als 7 Gew.-%, bevorzugt weniger als 6 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 5 Gew.-% ganz besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 4 Gew.-% besitzen, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei das Vermahlen mit einer Prallscheibenmühle durchgeführt wird, vorzugsweise wird das Vermahlen mit einer Prallscheibenmühle bei einer Temperatur von 75°C durchgeführt, besonders bevorzugt bei einer Temperatur von 75°C und mit einer Verweildauer von 1 Minute, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei beim Absieben der gemahlenen Haferschalen und/oder der gemahlenen Haferspelzen, so dass Haferfasern und ein Rückstand im Sieb resultieren, ein Sieb mit einer Maschenweite von 300 Mikrometer oder weniger, bevorzugt von 200 Mikrometer oder weniger besonders bevorzugt von 160 Mikrometer oder weniger, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 120 Mikrometer eingesetzt wird.

The present invention, in its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein

• - the oat shells and/or oat husks are cleaned at least partially by boiling them in water at 100°C and then pressing them out, preferably by pressing them out with a Pondorf screw press, and/or, preferably “and”
• - Wherein the drying is carried out as indirect drying, preferably as indirect drying on a belt dryer or in a drying cabinet, preferably on a belt dryer, and/or, preferably “and”
• - Wherein the drying is carried out in such a way that the resulting dried, cleaned oat hulls and/or dried, cleaned oat husks have a water content of less than 7% by weight, preferably less than 6% by weight, particularly preferably of less than 5% by weight. very particularly preferably have less than 4% by weight, and/or, preferably “and”
• - Wherein the dried, purified oat shells and/or dried, purified oat husks used during grinding have a water content of less than 7% by weight, preferably less than 6% by weight, particularly preferably less than 5% by weight, at the start of grinding particularly preferably have less than 4% by weight, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the grinding is carried out with an impact plate mill, preferably the grinding is carried out with an impact plate mill at a temperature of 75 ° C, particularly preferably at a temperature of 75 ° C and with a residence time of 1 minute, and / or, preferably "and “
• - whereby when sieving the ground oat husks and/or the ground oat husks, so that oat fibers and a residue result in the sieve, a sieve with a mesh size of 300 micrometers or less, preferably of 200 micrometers or less, particularly preferably of 160 micrometers or less, entirely particularly preferably 120 micrometers is used.

When carrying out the process steps defined above, preferably when carrying out all of the process steps defined above, oat composite articles are obtained which can be stored particularly advantageously for a long time without mold formation. Both by cleaning the oat shells, as described above, and by drying them with the specified drying times and temperatures, the storage life is increased without mold formation. In many cases it is preferred if the oat fibers resulting from sieving the ground oat husks are an organic product within the meaning of the Regulation (EU) 2018/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on organic production and labeling of organic products and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 834/2007 of the council.

In many cases it is preferred if the oat fibers resulting from sieving the ground oat husks are vegan.

In many cases it is preferred when cleaning the oat husks so that cleaned oat husks result after the in document WO 2020/192981 method described, preferably according to that in Example IV of the document WO 2020/192981 procedure described is carried out.

The conditions described above for cleaning the oat husks result in oat husks that are particularly suitable for use in oat composite articles, preferably in oat composite molded parts that meet the requirements of EU Regulation No. 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.

In many cases it is preferred if the drying of the cleaned oat husks to result in dried cleaned oat husks comprises a drying step, wherein the cleaned oat husks are exposed to a temperature of 90°C to 100°C for 20 minutes. In many cases it is preferred that the duration of the drying of the cleaned oat husks to result in dried cleaned oat husks is selected such that the resulting dried cleaned oat husks have a moisture content of 6%. When the drying is carried out in this way, the resulting dried cleaned oat husks have particularly low levels of bacteria and fungi, in particular molds. The conditions described above for drying the cleaned oat husks result in dried cleaned oat husks which are particularly suitable for use in oat composite articles, preferably in oat composite molded parts, which meet the requirements of EU Regulation No. 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.

In many cases, indirect drying is preferred, which avoids contact with smoke and the pollutants that smoke regularly contains. A corresponding indirect drying is particularly selected if a low pollutant load on the resulting dried, cleaned oat shells is desired.

In many cases it is preferred if the pressing is carried out with a Pondorf screw press; In this way, particularly positive results are achieved in many cases.

In many cases, oat fibers are produced using a production process that is particularly economically and ecologically advantageous compared to other natural fibers. In particular, the processing of the respective raw materials for the fibers in mills results in particularly advantageously low abrasion and particularly advantageously low corrosion properties compared to the processing of other raw materials such as wood or sunflower shells.

If the sieving of the ground oat hulls, so that oat fibers and a residue in the sieve result, is carried out with mesh sizes larger than 300 micrometers, the result is usually oat fibers which are more difficult to dose and which lead to less advantageous results when used in a process (as described above, preferably as referred to as preferred above) or when used to produce an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to as preferred above).

In many cases, in the field of the present invention, consumers want processes for producing biocomposites to be carried out as sustainably and as environmentally friendly as possible. A method according to the invention for producing an oat composite article is therefore preferably carried out in such a way that the energy used to generate heat comes from burning biomass. Preferably, a method according to the invention for producing an oat composite article is carried out in such a way that energy used for purposes other than heat generation comes from heat recovery and/or from renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, the burning of biomass and/or wind energy.

• - das Compoundieren ausschließlich zwischen dem Polymermaterial und den Haferfasern erfolgt, ohne dass eine Zugabe weiterer Stoffe erfolgt, so dass das resultierende Haferkomposit ausschließlich aus dem in hergestellten oder bereitgestellten Polymermaterial und den hergestellten oder bereitgestellten Haferfasern besteht; oder
• - dem geschmolzenen Polymermaterial zusätzlich zu den hergestellten oder bereitgestellten Haferfasern weitere Stoffe als Zuschlagstoffe, vorzugsweise in einem kombinierten Gesamtanteil von 2 bis 5 Gew.-% bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse sämtlicher beim Compoundieren eingesetzten Stoffe, zugegeben werden, die auch beim anschließenden Compoundieren anwesend sind, vorzugsweise sind diese weiteren Stoffe als Zuschlagstoff ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
  • - Zucker, bevorzugt Glucose, Saccharose und/oder Stärke, besonders bevorzugt Glucose, Saccharose und/oder Stärke in einem Anteil von 3 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse sämtlicher beim Compoundieren eingesetzten Stoffe,
  • - Düngemittel, bevorzugt Düngemittel in einem Anteil von 2 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.-% bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des resultierenden Haferkomposit-Artikels, besonders bevorzugt Guano in einem Anteil von 2 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse sämtlicher beim Compoundieren eingesetzten Stoffe,
  • - Hilfsstoffe zur Verbesserung der Fließeigenschaften des geschmolzenen Polymermaterials, vorzugsweise biobasierte und biologisch abbaubare Hilfsstoffe zur Verbesserung der Fließeigenschaften des geschmolzenen Polymermaterials, besonders bevorzugt biobasierte und biologisch abbaubare Hilfsstoffe zur Verbesserung der Fließeigenschaften des geschmolzenen Polymermaterials in einem Anteil von 1 Gew.-% bis 3 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des resultierenden Getreidekomposit-Artikels,
  • - Farbstoffe, bevorzugt Lebensmittelfarbstoffe, besonders bevorzugt natürliche Lebensmittelfarbstoffe, ganz besonders bevorzugt natürliche Lebensmittelfarbstoffe ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus: Carotinoide, Beerenfarbstoffe, Beten-Farbstoffe, Karmin, Paprikaextrakt und Curcumin.

The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein:

• - the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibres, without the addition of any other substances, so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the polymer material manufactured or provided and the oat fibres manufactured or provided; or
• - in addition to the oat fibres produced or provided, further substances are added to the molten polymer material as additives, preferably in a combined total proportion of 2 to 5% by weight based on the total mass of all substances used in compounding, which are also present in the subsequent compounding, preferably these further substances are selected as additives from the group consisting of:
  • - sugar, preferably glucose, sucrose and/or starch, particularly preferably glucose, sucrose and/or starch in a proportion of 3% to 5% by weight, based on the total mass of all substances used in compounding,
  • - Fertilizers, preferably fertilizers in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article, particularly preferably guano in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of all substances used in compounding,
  • - Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, particularly preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material in a proportion of 1 wt.% to 3 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting cereal composite article,
  • - Colorants, preferably food colorants, particularly preferably natural food colorants, very particularly preferably natural food colorants selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry colorants, beetroot colorants, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin.

• - Stickstoffdünger, beispielsweise Kalkammonsalpeter, Harnstoff, Piagran pro, Alzon neo-N und Ammoniumnitrat-Harnstoff-Lösung
• - Stickstoffdünger mit Schwefel, beispielsweise Ammonsulfatsalpeter Piamon S, Domogran, Piasan-S, Domamon L 26
• - Stickstoff-Phosphor-Dünger, beispielsweise DAP 18/46 und NP 10/34
• - Phosphordünger, beispielsweise Triple-Superphosphat, P40 und Dolophos und
• - Kalidünger, beispielsweise 60er Kali, Korn-Kali, Polysulfat.

The specialist independently selects suitable fertilizers from the well-known fertilizers for garden and balcony plants according to the needs of the individual case. For example, in cases in which guano should not be used or should not be used alone, the specialist can use the following commercially available fertilizers, but can also select other fertilizers not listed here:

• - Nitrogen fertilizers, for example lime ammonium nitrate, urea, Piagran pro, Alzon neo-N and ammonium nitrate-urea solution
• - Nitrogen fertilizers with sulfur, for example ammonium sulfate saltpeter Piamon S, Domogran, Piasan-S, Domamon L 26
• - Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, for example DAP 18/46 and NP 10/34
• - Phosphorus fertilizers, for example triple superphosphate, P40 and dolophos and
• - Potash fertilizer, for example 60 potash, grain potash, polysulfate.

In many cases it is preferred if no auxiliaries are used to improve the flow properties in the process according to the invention for producing an oat composite article.

• - das Compoundieren ausschließlich zwischen dem Polymermaterial und den Haferfasern erfolgt, ohne dass eine Zugabe weiterer Stoffe erfolgt, so dass das resultierende Haferkomposit ausschließlich aus dem in hergestellten oder bereitgestellten Polymermaterial und den hergestellten oder bereitgestellten Haferfasern besteht; und
• - beim Compoundieren des geschmolzenen Polymermaterials mit den hergestellten oder bereitgestellten Haferfasern in einem vorgegebenen Mengenverhältnis, so dass das Haferkomposit resultiert,
  • - das vorbestimmte Mengenverhältnis so ausgewählt wird, dass es einem Anteil von Haferfasern von 5 Gew.-% bis 45 Gew.-% entspricht, bevorzugt einem Anteil von Haferfasern von 10 Gew.-% bis 42 Gew.-% entspricht, besonders bevorzugt einem Anteil von 20 Gew.-% bis 40 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt einem Anteil von 30 Gew.-% bis 35 Gew.-% entspricht, jeweils bezogen auf die kombinierte Gesamtmasse aus dem beim Compoundieren eingesetzten geschmolzenen Polymermaterial und den beim Compoundieren eingesetzten Haferfasern.

The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein:

• - the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibres, without the addition of any other substances, so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the polymer material produced or provided and the oat fibres produced or provided; and
• - compounding the molten polymer material with the produced or provided oat fibres in a predetermined proportion to produce the oat composite,
  • - the predetermined quantity ratio is selected such that it corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 5 wt.% to 45 wt.%, preferably corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 10 wt.% to 42 wt.%, particularly preferably corresponds to a proportion of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, very particularly preferably corresponds to a proportion of 30 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding and the oat fibers used in the compounding.

This means, with a quantity ratio corresponding to a proportion of oat fibres of 30% by weight based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding and the oat fibres used in the compounding: 70 g of polymer material and 30 g of oat fibres are used per 100 g of combined total mass of polymer material and oat fibres.

• - dem geschmolzenen Polymermaterial zusätzlich zu den hergestellten oder bereitgestellten Haferfasern ein, zwei, drei oder mehr weitere Stoffe als Zuschlagstoff zugegeben werden, die auch beim anschließenden Compoundieren anwesend sind, vorzugsweise sind diese ein, zwei, drei oder mehr weiteren Stoffe als Zuschlagstoff , vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
  • - Zucker, bevorzugt Glucose, Saccharose und/oder Stärke, besonders bevorzugt Glucose, Saccharose und/oder Stärke in einem Anteil von 3 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des resultierenden Haferkomposit-Artikels
  • - Düngemittel, bevorzugt Düngemittel in einem Anteil von 2 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des resultierenden Haferkomposit-Artikels, besonders bevorzugt Guano in einem Anteil von 2 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des resultierenden Haferkomposit-Artikels
  • - Hilfsstoffe zur Verbesserung der Fließeigenschaften des geschmolzenen Polymermaterials, vorzugsweise biobasierte und biologisch abbaubare Hilfsstoffe zur Verbesserung der Fließeigenschaften des geschmolzenen Polymermaterials, besonders bevorzugt biobasierte und biologisch abbaubare Hilfsstoffe zur Verbesserung der Fließeigenschaften des geschmolzenen Polymermaterials in einem Anteil von 1 Gew.-% bis 3 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des resultierenden Getreidekomposit-Artikels,
  • - Farbstoffe, bevorzugt Lebensmittelfarbstoffe, besonders bevorzugt natürliche Lebensmittelfarbstoffe, ganz besonders bevorzugt natürliche Lebensmittelfarbstoffe ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus: Carotinoide, Beerenfarbstoffe, Beten-Farbstoffe, Karmin, Paprikaextrakt und Curcumin;
  und

• - beim Compoundieren des geschmolzenen Polymermaterials mit zumindest den hergestellten oder bereitgestellten Haferfasern in einem vorgegebenen Mengenverhältnis, so dass das Haferkomposit resultiert, das vorbestimmte Mengenverhältnis so ausgewählt wird, dass es einem Anteil von Haferfasern von 5 Gew.-% bis 45 Gew.- % entspricht, bevorzugt einem Anteil von Haferfasern von 10 Gew.-% bis 42 Gew.- % entspricht, besonders bevorzugt einem Anteil von 20 Gew.-% bis 40 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt einem Anteil von 30 Gew.-% bis 35 Gew.-% entspricht, jeweils bezogen auf die kombinierte Gesamtmasse aus dem beim Compoundieren eingesetzten geschmolzenen Polymermaterial und den beim Compoundieren eingesetzten Haferfasern.

The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein:

• - in addition to the oat fibres produced or provided, one, two, three or more further substances are added to the molten polymer material as additives, which are also present during the subsequent compounding, preferably these are one, two, three or more further substances as additives, preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • - Sugar, preferably glucose, sucrose and/or starch, particularly preferably glucose, sucrose and/or starch in a proportion of 3 wt.% to 5 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article
  • - Fertilizers, preferably fertilizers in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article, particularly preferably guano in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article
  • - Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, particularly preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material in a proportion of 1 wt.% to 3 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting cereal composite article,
  • - colorants, preferably food colorants, particularly preferably natural food colorants, very particularly preferably natural food colorants selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry colorants, beetroot colorants, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin;
  and

• - when compounding the molten polymer material with at least the produced or provided oat fibers in a predetermined quantity ratio so that the oat composite results, the predetermined quantity ratio is selected such that it corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 5 wt.% to 45 wt.%, preferably corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 10 wt.% to 42 wt.%, particularly preferably corresponds to a proportion of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, very particularly preferably corresponds to a proportion of 30 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding and the oat fibers used in the compounding.

This means, at a quantitative ratio of a proportion of oat fibers of 30% by weight and a proportion of an additive of 2% by weight, in each case based on the combined total mass of the melted polymer material used in the compounding, the oat fibers used in the compounding and corresponds to the additive used in compounding: per 100 g of combined total mass of polymer material and oat fibers and additive, 68 g of polymer material and 30 g of oat fibers and 2 g of additive are used.

The use of the indicated sugars does not contradict the requirements of EU Regulation No. 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.

• - eine Dichte, bestimmt gemäß Verfahren A der ISO 1183-1, im Bereich von 1 g·cm³ bis 2 g·cm³ aufweist, bevorzugt eine Dichte im Bereich von 1,0 g·cm³ bis 1,6 g·cm³, besonders bevorzugt eine Dichte im Bereich von 1,1 g·cm³ bis 1,3 g·cm³, ganz besonders bevorzugt eine Dichte im Bereich von 1,23 g·cm³ bis 1,26 g·cm³, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - eine Schmelze-Massefließrate bestimmt gemäß ISO 1133-2 unter Verwendung des Verfahrens B und unter Verwendung der Parameter 190 °C und 5 kg, im Bereich von 2 g/10 min bis 50 g/10 min besitzt, bevorzugt im Bereich von 2,5 g/10 min bis 35 g/10 min, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 3,0 g/10 min bis 32 g/10 min, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 3,8 g/10 min bis 30 g/10 min, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - einen Schmelzpunkt, bestimmt gemäß ISO 3146, im Bereich von 70 °C bis 140 °C besitzt, bevorzugt im Bereich von 75 °C bis 120 °C, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 78 °C bis 88 °C, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 83 °C bis 85 °C.

The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the polymer material used to produce an oat composite article

• - has a density, determined according to method A of ISO 1183-1, in the range from 1 g·cm ³ to 2 g·cm ³ , preferably a density in the range from 1.0 g·cm ³ to 1.6 g·cm ³ , particularly preferably a density in the range from 1.1 g·cm ³ to 1.3 g·cm ³ , very particularly preferably a density in the range from 1.23 g·cm ³ to 1.26 g·cm ³ , and/or, preferably “and”
• - has a melt mass flow rate determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, in the range of 2 g/10 min to 50 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 2.5 g/10 min to 35 g/10 min, particularly preferably in the range of 3.0 g/10 min to 32 g/10 min, very particularly preferably in the range of 3.8 g/10 min to 30 g/10 min, and/or, preferably “and”
• - has a melting point, determined according to ISO 3146, in the range of 70 °C to 140 °C, preferably in the range of 75 °C to 120 °C, particularly preferably in the range of 78 °C to 88 °C, most preferably in the range of 83 °C to 85 °C.

The use of polymer materials with the properties specified above in the process according to the invention leads in many cases to particularly positive properties or combinations of properties of the resulting oat composite article.

• - wobei die zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern einen Anteil an Lignocellulose im Bereich von 60 Gew.-% bis 90 Gew.-% besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 70 Gew.-% bis 88 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 75 Gew.-% bis 87 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 81 Gew.-% bis 86 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der eingesetzten Haferfasern, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern einen Anteil an Lignin im Bereich von 10 Gew.-% bis 30 Gew.-% besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 11 Gew.-% bis 27,5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 12 Gew.-% bis 26 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 22 Gew.-% bis 25 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der eingesetzten Haferfasern, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern einen Anteil an Hemicellulose im Bereich von 20 Gew.-% bis 40 Gew.-% besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 22 Gew.-% bis 38 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 23,5 Gew.-% bis 37,0 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 31,5 Gew.-% bis 36,0 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der eingesetzten Haferfasern, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die Hemicellulose in den zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern einen Anteil an Xylose im Bereich von 15 Gew.-% bis 31 Gew.- % besitzt, bevorzugt im Bereich von 17 Gew.-% bis 30 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 22 Gew.-% bis 29,9 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 27,3 Gew.-% bis 28,9 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der in den eingesetzten Haferfasern vorhandenen Hemicellulose, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die Hemicellulose in den zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern einen Anteil an Arabinose im Bereich von 2,6 Gew.-% bis 4,0 Gew.-% besitzt, bevorzugt im Bereich von 3,1 Gew.-% bis 3,9 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 3,2 Gew.-% bis 3,8 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der in den eingesetzten Haferfasern vorhandenen Hemicellulose, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei in der Hemicellulose der zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern einen Verhältnis von Arabinose zu Xylose im Bereich von 0,05 bis 0,5 vorliegt, bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,09 bis 0,3 besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,1 bis 0,2, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die Hemicellulose in den zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern einen Anteil an Mannose von weniger als 0,03 Gew.-% besitzt, bevorzugt von weniger als 0,02 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 0,01 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der in den eingesetzten Haferfasern vorhandenen Hemicellulose, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern einen Anteil an p-Hydroxybenzaldehyd im Bereich von 50 µg·g^-1 bis 250 µg·g^-1 aufweisen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 60 µg·g^-1 bis 220 µg·g^-1 besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 65 µg·g^-1 bis 216 µg·g^-1 ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 190 µg·g^-1 bis 215 µg·g^-1, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der eingesetzten Haferfasern, und/oder [Beschreibung: bevorzugt „und“]
• - wobei die zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern einen Anteil Ferulasäure im Bereich von 1000 µg·g^-1 bis 3000 µg·g^-1 aufweisen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 1100 µg·g^-1 bis 2800 µg·g^-1 besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 1300 µg·g^-1 bis 2700 µg·g^-1 ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 2300 µg·g^-1 bis 2600 µg·g^-1, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der eingesetzten Haferfasern, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern einen Anteil an Proteinen von weniger als 3 Gew.-% besitzen, bevorzugt weniger als 2 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt einen Anteil an Proteinen im Bereich von 1,2 Gew.- % bis 1,6 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der eingesetzten Haferfasern, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern einen Anteil an Lipiden von weniger als 2 Gew.-% besitzen, bevorzugt weniger als 1,5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt einen Anteil an Lipiden im Bereich von 0,8 Gew.- % bis 1,0 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der eingesetzten Haferfasern.

The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred),

• - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lignocellulose content in the range from 60% by weight to 90% by weight, preferably in the range from 70% by weight to 88% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 75% by weight to 87% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 81% by weight to 86% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lignin content in the range from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, preferably in the range from 11 wt.% to 27.5 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 12 wt.% to 26 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 25 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, preferably in the range of 22 wt.% to 38 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 23.5 wt.% to 37.0 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range of 31.5 wt.% to 36.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range from 15% by weight to 31% by weight, preferably in the range from 17% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 22% by weight to 29.9% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 27.3% by weight to 28.9% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a proportion of arabinose in the range from 2.6% by weight to 4.0% by weight, preferably in the range from 3.1% by weight to 3.9% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 3.2% by weight to 3.8% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein in the hemicellulose of the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article there is a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range of 0.05 to 0.5, preferably in the range of 0.09 to 0.3, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.2, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a mannose content of less than 0.03% by weight, preferably less than 0.02% by weight, particularly preferably less than 0.01% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the range from 50 µg·g ^-1 to 250 µg·g ^-1 , preferably in the range from 60 µg·g ^-1 to 220 µg·g ^-1 , particularly preferably in the range from 65 µg·g ^-1 to 216 µg·g ^-1, very particularly preferably in the range from 190 µg·g ^-1 to 215 µg·g ^-1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and/or [description: preferably “and”]
• - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a proportion of ferulic acid in the range from 1000 µg·g ^-1 to 3000 µg·g ^-1 , preferably in the range from 1100 µg·g ^-1 to 2800 µg·g ^-1, particularly preferably in the range from 1300 µg·g ^-1 to 2700 µg·g ^-1, very particularly preferably in the range from 2300 µg·g ^-1 to 2600 µg·g ^-1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a protein content of less than 3% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, particularly preferably a protein content in the range of 1.2% by weight to 1.6% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lipid content of less than 2 wt.%, preferably less than 1.5 wt.%, particularly preferably a lipid content in the range of 0.8 wt.% to 1.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used.

A proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde of 1 µg g ^-1 means that one microgram of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is present per gram of dry matter of the oat fibers used.

In many cases, it is also preferred that the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to make the oat composite article does not contain any mannose at all.

In many cases, a proportion of ligocellulose in the range of 81 to 86 wt.% is particularly preferred, since the properties of the resulting oat composite article are then perceived as particularly positive in many cases.

The use of fibers with a lipid content of more than 2% by weight in the production of biocomposites regularly leads to properties of the biocomposite that are perceived as disadvantageous in the field of the present invention.

The use of oat fibers with the properties specified above in the process according to the invention leads in many cases to particularly positive properties or combinations of properties of the resulting oat composite article.

• - wobei die zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern eine anzahlgewichtete durchschnittliche Länge im Bereich von 100 µm bis 300 µm besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 120 µm bis 250 µm, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 150 µm bis 220 µm, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 190 µm bis 200 µm, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern eine anzahlgewichtete durchschnittliche Dicke im Bereich von 30 µm bis 200 µm besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 50 µm bis 150 µm, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 90 µm bis 130 µm, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 105 µm bis 120 µm, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern eine anzahlgewichtete durchschnittliche Konvexität im Bereich von 0,6 bis 0,95 besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,65 bis 0,90, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,7 bis 0,85, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern einen anzahlgewichteten durchschnittlichen Formfaktor im Bereich von 1,0 bis 1,5 besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 1,03 bis 1,4, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 1,05 bis 1,35, und/oder, bevorzugt „und“
• - wobei die zur Herstellung des Haferkomposit-Artikels eingesetzten Haferfasern ein anzahlgewichtetes durchschnittliches Feretachsenverhältnis im Bereich von 0,3 bis 0,7 besitzen, bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,4 bis 0,6, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,45 bis 0,58.

The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred),

• - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 µm to 300 µm, preferably in the range from 120 µm to 250 µm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 µm to 220 µm, preferably in the range from 190 µm to 200 µm, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 µm to 200 µm, preferably in the range from 50 µm to 150 µm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 µm to 130 µm, preferably in the range from 105 µm to 120 µm, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range from 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range from 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range from 0.7 to 0.85, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range from 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range from 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range from 1.05 to 1.35, and/or, preferably “and”
• - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average fiber-axial ratio in the range from 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range from 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range from 0.45 to 0.58.

• - ein Polymermaterial, vorzugsweise ein Polymermaterial ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
  • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat
  • - Polybutylensuccinat
  • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat
  • - natürliche Harze
  • - Stärke
  • - Cellulose mit einem Ligninanteil von weniger als 5 Gew.-%
  • - Polybutylenadipat-terephthalat
  • - Polycaprolacton
  • - Polylactide
  • - Celluloseacetat
  • - Wachse und
  • - Mischungen davon,
  bevorzugt ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
  • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat
  • - Polybutylensuccinat
  • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat und
  • - Mischungen davon,
  besonders bevorzugt ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
  • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat
  • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat und
  • - Mischungen davon,
  ganz besonders bevorzugt ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
  • - Polyhydroxyalkanoat und
  • - Polybutylensuccinat-Co-Adipat und räumlich davon getrennt
  • - Haferfasern, bevorzugt Haferspelzfasern und/oder Haferschalenfasern, besonders bevorzugt Haferspelzfasern und Haferschalenfasern.

The use of oat fibers with the properties specified above in the method according to the invention leads in many cases to particularly positive properties or combinations of properties of the resulting oat composite article. The present invention also relates to a kit for producing an oat composite article, at least comprising spatially separately arranged components :

• - a polymer material, preferably a polymer material selected from the group consisting of:
  • - Polyhydroxyalkanoate
  • - Polybutylene succinate
  • - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate
  • - natural resins
  • - Strength
  • - Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight
  • - Polybutylene adipate terephthalate
  • - Polycaprolactone
  • - Polylactides
  • - Cellulose acetate
  • - Grow and
  • - mixtures thereof,
  preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • - Polyhydroxyalkanoate
  • - Polybutylene succinate
  • - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and
  • - mixtures thereof,
  particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • - Polyhydroxyalkanoate
  • - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and
  • - mixtures thereof,
  particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • - Polyhydroxyalkanoate and
  • - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and spatially separated from it
  • - Oat fibers, preferably oat husk fibers and/or oat husk fibers, particularly preferably oat husk fibers and oat husk fibers.

The kit according to the invention is particularly suitable for carrying out methods according to the invention with which oat composite articles are produced.

The feasibility of the invention is explained in more detail below using oat fibers as an example of other cereal fibers. Cereal fibers from other grains, in particular from the spelled cereals einkorn, emmer, kamut, barley, millet and spelt, can also be produced and used in an equivalent manner.

Example B1: Production of oat fibers

The selection of materials in this example is merely an example. In particular, according to the procedure described in this example, both oat fibers from oat husks, so-called “oat husk fibers,” and oat fibers from oat husks, so-called “oat husk fibers,” can be produced. According to the procedure described in this example, oat fibers can also be produced together from oat husks and oat husks.

Oat husks were used as an example. The oat husks were blown loosely into a silo, then removed from the silo, mixed with water and cleaned in a washing line as described below. The oat husks mixed with water were kept at a temperature of 100 ° C for 40 minutes. The cooked oat husks were then reduced to a water content of 35% using a Pondorf screw press, resulting in press water containing pollutants and purified oat husks. The cleaned oat husks were dried using a Stela RECU DRY - BTU RecuDry 1-6200-19.5 belt dryer with heat recovery, built in 2020, for 20 min at 90 °C to a moisture content of 6%, resulting in dried, cleaned oat husks. The dried, cleaned oat husks were then ground with a Herbold impact disc mill type PU 1250 GR, built in 2018, resulting in ground oat husks. The ground oat husks were placed on a Rüter Kreuzjoch Plansifter 1500 plan sifter with a turntable distributor a mesh size of 120 µm was sieved, so that oat fibers and a residue resulted in the sieve. The resulting oat fibers were transported into a silo using compressed air and stored there temporarily.

Example B2: Analysis of oat fibers

The length and thickness of oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above were analyzed - together with other parameters - using the commercially available FibreShape method as described below; In addition to the FiberShape method, the person skilled in the art is also aware of other methods with which he can determine the length and thickness - and other parameters - of oat fibers, for example with the help of a microscope and a suitable scale. The measurement parameters used in the FibreShape method are listed in Table 1. Table 1: Measurement parameters of the FibreShape method parameter Value Quality Medium long fib Application Fibers 1200 dpi Measuring mask 1 Revision Example wood shred 1200 dpi Epson resolution 1200 Grain size limits 40.00 - 100,000.00 µm

First, a suitable amount of oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above was placed in a 1L plastic bag and carefully mixed in the bag. Then a suitable amount of sample was taken from the bag with a brush, applied to a slide glass (4.9 x 4.9 cm) and spread out over the surface. To fix the flatly distributed oat fibers, another slide glass was placed on top as a cover glass and both slide glasses were fixed together with a strip of adhesive tape. The slide glasses connected in this way with the flatly distributed oat fibers enclosed between them were then placed in a film guide and then scanned with a slide scanner type Dimage Scan Elite 5400 II (Konica Minolta). The selected resolution of the slide scanner was 1200 dpi; which corresponds to a lower resolution limit of 5 µm. The image analysis was carried out using the analysis software “Fibreshape” from IST AG, St. Gallen, Switzerland, with the parameters given in Table 1.

A mean fiber length, weighted by number, of 194.38 µm with a standard deviation of 281.88 µm was determined.

In addition to the fiber length, convexity, shape factor and ferret axis ratio were determined with equal weighting using the FibreShape method: the mean value of convexity was 0.8260 with a standard deviation of 0.1024; the mean value of the shape factor was 1.0740 with a standard deviation of 0.2221; the mean value of the ferret axis ratio was 0.5737 with a standard deviation of 0.1535.

The determined percentiles of the fiber lengths are given in Table 2. A percentile of 0% indicates that no fiber is shorter than the corresponding specified value. A percentile of 10% indicates that 10% of the fibers are shorter than the corresponding specified value. A percentile of 50% indicates that 50% of the fibers are shorter than the corresponding specified value and a percentile of 100% indicates that no fiber is longer than the corresponding specified value, i.e. that 100% of the analyzed fibers are shorter than this value. Table 2: Length distribution of oat fibers Percentile [%] Fiber length [µm] 0 41.5 5 41.5 10 45.7 50 90.2 90 449.6 95 693.1 100 6756.9

A mean fiber thickness weighted by length of 110.01 µm with a standard deviation of 55.55 µm was determined.

In addition to the fiber thickness, convexity, shape factor and Feret axis ratio were also determined with equal weighting using the FibreShape method: the mean value of convexity was 0.7344 with a standard deviation of 0.1446; the mean value of the shape factor was 1.3447 with a standard deviation of 0.4076; the mean value of the Feret axis ratio was 0.4892 with a standard deviation of 0.1822.

The corresponding percentiles for the fiber thickness measurements are given in Table 3 in a manner analogous to the fiber length percentiles given in Table 2. Table 3: Percentiles for fiber thickness measurements percentile [%] Fiber length [µm] 0 40.0 5 41.5 10 44.5 50 68.8 90 141.7 95 176.1 100 804.1

Example B2-1: Analysis of oat fiber components

Oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above were analyzed as described below.

The determination of minerals and trace elements was carried out according to EN 15621 : 2017-10 . The measurement results are according to the ISO/IEC 17025:2018 , Section 7.8.1.3., in simplified form in Table 4. Table 4: Results of the determination of minerals and trace elements according to DIN EN 15621 : 2017-10 Mineral/trace element Result Unit sodium <0.01 % potassium 0.23 % magnesium 0.05 % Calcium 0.11 % phosphorus 0.09 % copper 1.69 mg/kg iron 214 mg/kg zinc 38.3 mg/kg manganese 26.0 mg/kg

The results of the determination of vitamins and the determination method used are shown in Table 5. The measurement results are in accordance with the ISO/IEC 17025:2018 , Section 7.8.1.3., in simplified form in Table 5. Table 5: Results of the determination of vitamins vitamin Result Unit Measurement method Vitamin B1 (calculated as thiamine chloride HCl) 0.38 mg/kg EN 14122 : 2014-08 Vitamin B2 (HPLC, calculated as riboflavin) <0.50 mg/kg EN 14152 : 2014-08 Vitamin B6 (calculated as pyridoxine Hcl) 1.93 mg/kg EN 14663 : 2006-03 Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) <3.00 µg/kg USP 39, method 171 : 2016 Niacin (calculated as nicotinic acid) 31.8 mg/kg USP 34, method 441 : 2011 Biotin 66.4 µg/kg USP 21.3. suppl, method 88 : 1986 Pantothenic acid (calculated as D-pantothenic acid) 2.88 mg/kg USP 39, method 91 : 2016 Foil acid 286 µg/kg EN 14131 : 2003-09 Vitamin A (Retinol) <1000 IU/kg REG(EC) 152/2009, IV, A : 2009-02 Vitamin D3 <1000 IU/kg VDLUFA III, 13.8.1 : 2007 Vitamin E (calculated as DL-α-tocopherol) <3.00 mg/kg REG(EC) 152/2009, IV, B : 2009-02 Vitamin E (calculated as DL-α-tocopherol acetate) <3.30 REG(EC) 152/2009, IV, B : 2009-02 Vitamin K1 <20.0 mg/kg QMP_504_KI_52_028 : 2020-06 (HPLC) Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) <10.0 µg/kg QMP_504_KI_52_020 : 2018-02 (HPLC) Vitamin D2 <1000 mg/kg VDLUFA III, 13.8.1 : 2007 Vitamin K3 (Menadione) <1.0 IU/kg QMP_504_KI_52_022 : 2017-12 (HPLC)

Further own investigations on the oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above have shown that oat fibers with a content of minerals, trace elements and vitamins as listed above in Table 4 and Table 5 have particularly advantageous properties of oat composite articles made from them in terms of industrial compostability and home compostability.

Fiber content was determined according to AOAC 991.43 and AOAC 2009.1; The proportion of high molecular fiber, HMWDF, and the proportion of soluble fiber, SDF, were determined according to AOAC 991.43; total dietary fiber, TDF, was determined according to AOAC 2009.1.

The content of high molecular weight fiber, HMWDF, determined according to AOAC 991.43 was 84.10 g / 100 g sample. The content of soluble fiber, SDFS, determined according to AOAC 991.43 was below the limit of quantification of 0.50 g / 100 g sample. The total fiber, TDF, determined according to AOAC 2009.1 was 84.60 g / 100 g sample.

In addition, Enterobacteriaceae were determined in oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above in accordance with ISO 21528-2: 2017-06; The result was a value of 230 cfu/g.

The two mycotoxins “deoxynivalenol” and “zearalenone” were determined using HPLC MS/MS in oat fibers produced according to example B1 above. Both values were below the respective limit of quantification of 100 µg/kg for deoxynivalenol and 5 µg/kg for zearalenone.

Example B2-2: Analysis of spelt fibre components

According to the procedure in Example B1 above, spelt fibres were produced from spelt husks and analysed. The measurement methods used and the results are listed in Table 6; the measurement results are in accordance with the ISO/IEC 17025:2018 , Section 7.8.1.3., in simplified form in Table 6. Table 6: Analysis results for spelt fibres produced according to Example B1. component Percentage [g / 100g sample] Measurement method Protein (N x 6.25) 6.44 §64 LFGB L 17.00-15 : 2013-08 Fructose <0.10 DIN10758 : 1997-05 glucose <0.10 DIN10758 : 1997-05 Lactose <0.10 DIN10758 : 1997-05 Maltose <0.10 DIN10758 : 1997-05 Sucrose 0.24 DIN10758 : 1997-05 Sugar 0.24 Calculated Total fat 0.98 §64 LFGB L 17.00-4 : 2017-10 Raw ash 3.87 §64 LFGB L 17.00-3 : 2002-12 Water 6.79 §64 LFGB L 17.00-1 : 2002-12

Example B3: Compounding

The selection of oat fibers in this example is merely an example; oat fibers made from oat husks can also be used. In particular, compound materials can be produced in an equivalent manner using the procedure described in this example using grain fibers that are not oat fibers. Likewise, the selection of polymer materials in this example is merely exemplary. Depending on the requirements of the individual case, the expert also independently selects other suitable polymer materials and carries out appropriate compounding.

B3-1: Sample samples

Table 7: Recipes R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 for oat composite articles according to the invention Recipe Polymer material Natural fiber Surname Proportion [% by weight] Surname Proportion [% by weight] R1 PBS ^[T7-3] 70.00 Oat fiber ^[T7-1] 30.00 R2 PBS ^[T7-3] 65.00 Oat fiber ^[T7-1] 35.00 R3 PHA ^[T7-4] 70.00 Oat fiber ^[T7-1] 30.00 R4 PHA ^[T7-4] 65.00 Oat fiber ^[T7-1] 35.00 R5 PBAT PLA ^[T7-5] 90.00 Oat fiber ^[T7-2] 10.00 R6 PBAT PLA ^[T7-5] 85.00 Oat fiber ^[T7-2] 15.00 R7 PBAT PLA ^[T7-5] 80.00 Oat fiber ^[T7-2] 20.00 R8 PBAT PLA ^[T7-5] 80.00 Oat fiber ^[T7-2] Softwood fiber ^[T7-6] 5.00 15.00 [T7-1] Commercially available as O120 from Westfiber [T7-2] Commercially available as O400 from Westfiber [T7-3] Commercially available as PBS Regiogradable from Biovox. [T7-4] Commercially available as PHI 002 from NaturePlast [T7-5] Commercially available as ecovio ^® from BASF [T7-6] Commercially available as C120 from Westerkamp

• - Polybutylensuccinat (PBS),
• - Polyhydroxyalkanoat (PHA)

oder

• - einer Mischung umfassend Polybutylenadipat-terephthalat (PBAT) und Polymilchsäure (PLA)

compoundiert.Oat fibres produced according to Example B1 above were mixed with

• - Polybutylene succinate (PBS),
• - Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)

or

• - a mixture comprising polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA)

compounded.

The mixture comprising polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) is hereinafter also abbreviated as PBAT-PLA.

The polybutylene succinate (PBS) used was “PBS Regiogradable”, which is commercially available from the manufacturer “Biovox”.

The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) used was “PHI 002”, which is commercially available from the manufacturer “NaturePlast”.

The PBAT-PLA used was “ecovio ^® ”, commercially available from the manufacturer “BASF”.

In each case, according to the recipes given in Table 7, R1 to R8 was carried out in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder (type ZE 42 Basic (x46D) from KraussMaffei Extrusion) at 225 revolutions per minute and with the extruder head of the type SK ZW40-MB and a hole nozzle for strand granulation with dimensions of 9 mm x 4.0 mm, compounding with subsequent strand granulation was carried out, resulting in oat composite granules.

The processing temperatures in the device zones Zone 1 to Zone 8 were selected as follows: Zone 1 = 25 °C, Zone 2 = 210 °C, Zone 3 = 210 °C, Zone 4 = 190 °C, Zone 5 = 190 °C, Zone 6 = 190 °C, Zone 7 = 205 °C and Zone 8 = 205 °C. The compounded strands were cooled at 15 °C to 20 °C in a water bath with downstream strand granulation.

B3-2: Comparison samples

Table 8: Comparison formulations VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5 and VR6 for comparison granules not according to the invention Comparison recipe Polymer material Natural fiber Surname Proportion [% by weight] Surname Proportion [% by weight] VR1 PBS ^[T8-1] 70.00 Birch bark fiber ^[T8-3] 30.00 VR2 PBS ^[T8-1] 75.00 Birch bark fiber ^[T8-3] 25.00 VR3 PBS ^[T8-1] 70.00 Softwood fiber ^[T8-4] 30.00 VR4 PBAT PLA ^[T8-2] 80.00 Sunflower husk fiber ^[T8-5] 20.00 VR5 PBAT PLA ^[T8-2] 85.00 Sunflower husk fiber ^[T8-5] 15.00 VR6 PBAT PLA ^[T8-2] 90 Sunflower husk fiber ^[T8-5] 10.00 [T8-1] Commercially available as PBS Regiogradable from Biovox. [T8-2] Commercially available as ecovio ^® from BASF. [T8-3] Commercially available as B120 from Westfiber GmbH [T8-4] Commercially available as C120 from Westerkamp GmbH. [T8-5] Sunflower shell flour, obtained by pre-shredding and subsequent grinding in an impact mill and sieving in a plansifter to 120 µm.

In each case, compounding with subsequent strand granulation was carried out according to the recipes VR1 to VR4 given in Table 8 in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder (type ZE 42 Basic (x 46D) from KraussMaffei Extrusion) at 225 revolutions per minute and with the extruder head of type SK ZW40-MB and a hole die for strand granulation with the dimensions 9 mm x 4.0 mm, so that non-inventive comparative granules resulted.

The processing temperatures in the device zones Zone 1 to Zone 8 were selected as follows: Zone 1 = 25 °C, Zone 2 = 210 °C, Zone 3 = 210 °C, Zone 4 = 190 °C, Zone 5 = 190 °C, Zone 6 = 190 °C, Zone 7 = 205 °C and Zone 8 = 205 °C. The compounded strands were cooled at 15 °C to 20 °C in a water bath with downstream strand granulation.

Example B4: Material residual moisture

According to the recipes R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 in Table 7 above, oat composite granules were prepared according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-1 above.

With recipe R1, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P1-B4 was taken; with recipe R2, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P2-B4 was taken; with recipe R3, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P3-B4 was taken; with recipe R4, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P4-B4 was taken; with recipe R5, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P5-B4 was taken; with recipe R6, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P6-B4 was taken; with recipe R7, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P7-B4 was taken; Using the recipe R8, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P8-B4 was taken.

In each case, the samples were taken immediately after granulation and then immediately transferred to a drying cabinet.

According to the comparison recipes VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5 and VR6 in Table 8 above, comparison granules were produced according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-2 above.

With the comparison recipe VR1, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP1-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR2, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP2-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR3, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP3-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR4, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP4-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR5, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP2-B4 was taken. sample VP5-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR6 a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP6-B4 was taken.

In each case, the comparison samples were taken immediately after granulation and then immediately transferred to a drying cabinet.

The samples P1-B4, P2-B4, P3-B4, P4-B4, P5-B4, P6-B4, P7-B4 and P8-B4 and the comparative samples VP1-B4, VP2-B4, VP3-B4, VP4- B4, VP5-B4 and VP6-B4 were dried in a drying oven at 80 ° C for a period of 16 h. Immediately afterwards, the remaining material moisture was determined according to DIN EN ISO 15512:2019 , method E, determined with an Aquatrac-V analyzer from Brabender®.

The residual moisture content of samples P1-B4, P2-B4, P3-B4 and P4-B4 was in the range of 0.49% to 0.56%.

The residual moisture content of samples P5-B4, P6-B4 and P7-B4 was in the range of 0.037% to 0.087%.

The residual moisture content of sample P8-B4 was 0.081%.

The residual material moisture of the comparison samples VP1-B4 and VP2-B4 ranged from 0.18% to 0.375%.

The residual moisture content of the comparison sample VP3-B4 was 1.33%.

The residual material moisture of the comparison sample VP4-B4 was 0.141%.

The residual moisture content of the comparison sample VP5-B4 was 0.123%.

The residual material moisture of the comparison sample VP6-B4 was 0.098%.

Example B5: Injection molding processing

According to the recipes R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 in Table 7 above, oat composite granules were produced in each case according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-1 above.

An oat composite granulate G1-B5 was obtained with the recipe R1; an oat composite granulate G2-B5 was obtained with the recipe R2; an oat composite granulate G3-B5 was obtained with the recipe R3; an oat composite granulate G4-B5 was obtained with the recipe R4; an oat composite granulate G5-B5 was obtained with the recipe R5; an oat composite granulate G6-B5 was obtained with the recipe R6; an oat composite granulate G7-B5 was obtained with the recipe R7; An oat composite granulate G8-B5 was obtained with the recipe R8.

Immediately after granulation, the oat composite granules were transferred to a drying cabinet and dried there for 16 hours at 80° C. They were then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately molded into a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine according to EN ISO 3167 standardized test specimens of type A and stair tread panels.

The stair step panels had a width of 56 mm and a length of 90 mm, with material thicknesses extending over the full width, arranged in steps, graduated from 3 mm to 2 mm to 1 mm. When viewed from above, the individual steps each had surface dimensions of 56 mm by 30 mm.

The target processing temperatures for injection molding are listed in Table 9.
Table 9: Target processing temperatures for injection molding with the injection molding machine type KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX

According to the comparison recipes VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5 and VR6 in Table 8 above, comparative granules were produced in each case according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-2 above.

A comparison granulate VG1-B5 was obtained using the comparison formulation VR1; A comparison granulate VG2-B5 was obtained with the comparison formulation VR2; A comparison granulate VG3-B5 was obtained with the comparison formulation VR3; A comparison granulate VG4-B5 was obtained with the comparison formulation VR4; a comparison granulate VG5-B5 was obtained with the comparison formulation VR5; A comparison granulate VG6-B5 was obtained with the comparison formulation VR6.

Immediately after granulation, the granules were transferred to a drying cabinet and dried there for 16 hours at 80° C. They were then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately molded into a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine according to EN ISO 3167 standardised type A comparison test specimens and comparison stair tread panels.

The target processing temperatures for injection molding are listed in Table 9.

From the oat composite granules G1-B5, test specimens of the type PK1-B5 and stair step slabs of the type TP1-B5 were obtained; From the oat composite granules G2-B5, test specimens of type PK2-B5 and stair step slabs of type TP2-B5 were obtained; From the oat composite granules G3-B5, test specimens of the type PK3-B5 and stair step slabs of the type TP3-B5 were obtained; From the oat composite granules G4-B5, test specimens of the type PK4-B5 and stair step slabs of the type TP4-B5 were obtained; From the oat composite granulate G5-B5, test specimens of type PK5-B5 and stair step slabs of type TP5-B5 were obtained; From the oat composite granulate G6-B5, test specimens of the type PK6-B5 and stair step slabs of the type TP6-B5 were obtained; From the oat composite granules G7-B5, test specimens of type PK7-B5 and stair step slabs of type TP7-B5 were obtained; From the oat composite granules G8-B5, test specimens of the type PK8-B5 and stair step slabs of the type TP8-B5 were obtained.

From the comparison granulate VG1-B5, comparison test specimens of the VPK1-B5 type and comparison stair tread plates of the VTP1-B5 type were obtained; from the comparison granulate VG2-B5, comparison test specimens of the VPK2-B5 type and comparison stair tread plates of the VTP2-B5 type were obtained; from the comparison granulate VG3-B5, comparison test specimens of the VPK3-B5 type and comparison stair tread plates of the VTP3-B5 type were obtained; from the comparison granulate VG4-B5, comparison test specimens of the VPK4-B5 type and comparison stair tread plates of the VTP4-B5 type were obtained; from the comparison granulate VG5-B5, comparison test specimens of the VPK5-B5 type and comparison stair tread plates of the VTP5-B5 type were obtained; From the comparison granulate VG6-B5, comparison test specimens of the type VPK6-B5 and comparison stair tread plates of the type VTP6-B5 were obtained.

Example B6: Odour assessment

According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP1-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP1-B6-01, TP1-B6-02, TP1-B6-03, TP1-B6-04, TP1-B6-05, TP1-B6-06, TP1-B6-07, TP1-B6-08, TP1-B6-09 and TP1-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP2-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP2-B6-01, TP2-B6-02, TP2-B6-03, TP2-B6-04, TP2-B6-05, TP2-B6-06, TP2-B6-07, TP2-B6-08, TP2-B6-09 and TP2-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP3-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP3-B6-01, TP3-B6-02, TP3-B6-03, TP3-B6-04, TP3-B6-05, TP3-B6-06, TP3-B6-07, TP3-B6-08, TP3-B6-09 and TP3-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP4-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP4-B6-01, TP4-B6-02, TP4-B6-03, TP4-B6-04, TP4-B6-05, TP4-B6-06, TP4-B6-07, TP4-B6-08, TP4-B6-09 and TP4-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP5-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP5-B6-01, TP5-B6-02, TP5-B6-03, TP5-B6-04, TP5-B6-05, TP5-B6-06, TP5-B6-07, TP5-B6-08, TP5-B6-09 and TP5-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP6-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP6-B6-01, TP6-B6-02, TP6-B6-03, TP6-B6-04, TP6-B6-05, TP6-B6-06, TP6-B6-07, TP6-B6-08, TP6-B6-09 and TP6-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP7-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP7-B6-01, TP7-B6-02, TP7-B6-03, TP7-B6-04, TP7-B6-05, TP7-B6-06, TP7-B6-07, TP7-B6-08, TP7-B6-09 and TP7-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP8-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP8-B6-01, TP8-B6-02, TP8-B6-03, TP8-B6-04, TP8-B6-05, TP8-B6-06, TP8-B6-07, TP8-B6-08, TP8-B6-09 and TP8-B6-10.

According to the procedure in example B5 above, comparison stair step plates of the type VTP1-B5 were produced, namely the comparison stair step plates VTP1-B6-01, VTP1-B6-02, VTP1-B6-03, VTP1-B6-04, VTP1- B6-05, VTP1-B6-06, VTP1-B6-07, VTP1-B6-08, VTP1-B6-09 and VTP1-B6-10. According to the procedure in example B5 above, comparison stair step plates of the type VTP2-B5 were produced, namely the comparison stair step plates VTP2-B6-01, VTP2-B6-02, VTP2-B6-03, VTP2-B6-04, VTP2- B6-05, VTP2-B6-06, VTP2-B6-07, VTP2-B6-08, VTP2-B6-09 and VTP2-B6-10. According to the procedure in example B5 above, comparison stair step plates of the type VTP3-B5 were produced, namely the comparison stair step plates VTP3-B6-01, VTP3-B6-02, VTP3-B6-03, VTP3-B6-04, VTP3- B6-05, VTP3-B6-06, VTP3-B6-07, VTP3-B6-08, VTP3-B6-09 and VTP3-B6-10. According to the procedure in example B5 above, comparison stair step plates of the type VTP4-B5 were produced, namely the comparison stair step plates VTP4-B6-01, VTP4-B6-02, VTP4-B6-03, VTP4-B6-04, VTP4- B6-05, VTP4-B6-06, VTP4-B6-07, VTP4-B6-08, VTP4-B6-09 and VTP4-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparative stair step plates of the type VTP5-B5 were produced, namely the comparative stair step plates VTP5-B6-01, VTP5-B6-02, VTP5-B6-03, VTP5-B6-04, VTP5- B6-05, VTP5-B6-06, VTP5-B6-07, VTP5-B6-08, VTP5-B6-09 and VTP5-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparative stair step plates of the type VTP6-B5 were produced, namely the comparative stair step plates VTP6-B6-01, VTP6-B6-02, VTP6-B6-03, VTP6-B6-04, VTP6- B6-05, VTP6-B6-06, VTP6-B6-07, VTP6-B6-08, VTP6-B6-09 and VTP6-B6-10.

All of the stair step slabs and comparison stair step slabs produced in Example B6 were dried in a drying cabinet at 80 ° C over a period of 16 hours.

The stair treads and comparison stair treads were then cooled to room temperature in the room air. One stair tread of each type and one comparison stair tread of each type were then presented to a member of an untrained sensory panel consisting of ten people for evaluation. In a blind test, all members of the sensory panel assessed the inherent smell.

The inherent smell of the stair tread tiles of the types TP1-B5, TP2-B5, TP 3-B5, TP4-B5, TP5-B5, TP6-B5, TP7-B5 and TP8-B5 was rated significantly more positively than the intrinsic smell of the stair tread tiles Types VTP1-B5, VTP2-B5, VTP3-B5, VTP4-B5, VTP5-B5 and VTP6-B5. The inherent smell of the stair tread tiles of the types VTP4-B5, VTP5-B5 and VTP6-B5 was rated as the least positive.

Example B7: Colour evaluation after injection moulding

According to the procedure in example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP1-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP1-B7-01, TP1-B7-02, TP1-B7-03, TP1-B7-04, TP1-B7-05, TP1-B7-06, TP1-B7-07, TP1-B7-08, TP1-B7-09 and TP1-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP2-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP2-B7-01, TP2-B7-02, TP2-B7-03, TP2-B7-04, TP2-B7-05, TP2-B7-06, TP2-B7-07, TP2-B7-08, TP2-B7-09 and TP2-B7-10. According to the procedure in example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP3-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP3-B7-01, TP3-B7-02, TP3-B7-03, TP3-B7-04, TP3-B7-05, TP3-B7-06, TP3-B7-07, TP3-B7-08, TP3-B7-09 and TP3-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP4-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP4-B7-01, TP4-B7-02, TP4-B7-03, TP4-B7-04, TP4-B7-05, TP4-B7-06, TP4-B7-07, TP4-B7-08, TP4-B7-09 and TP4-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP5-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP5-B7-01, TP5-B7-02, TP5-B7-03, TP5-B7-04, TP5-B7-05, TP5-B7-06, TP5-B7-07, TP5-B7-08, TP5-B7-09 and TP5-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP6-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP6-B7-01, TP6-B7-02, TP6-B7-03, TP6-B7-04, TP6-B7-05, TP6-B7-06, TP6-B7-07, TP6-B7-08, TP6-B7-09 and TP6-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP7-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP7-B7-01, TP7-B7-02, TP7-B7-03, TP7-B7-04, TP7-B7-05, TP7-B7-06, TP7-B7-07, TP7-B7-08, TP7-B7-09 and TP7-B7-10. According to the procedure in example B5 above, stair tread plates of the TP8-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP8-B7-01, TP8-B7-02, TP8-B7-03, TP8-B7-04, TP8-B7-05, TP8-B7-06, TP8-B7-07, TP8-B7-08, TP8-B7-09 and TP8-B7-10. According to the procedure in example B5 above, comparison stair step plates of the type VTP1-B5 were produced, namely the comparison stair step plates VTP1-B7-01, VTP1-B7-02, VTP1-B7-03, VTP1-B7-04, VTP1- B7-05, VTP1-B7-06, VTP1-B7-07, VTP1-B7-08, VTP1-B7-09 and VTP1-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparative stair step plates of the type VTP2-B5 were produced, namely the comparative stair step plates VTP2-B7-01, VTP2-B7-02, VTP2-B7-03, VTP2-B7-04, VTP2- B7-05, VTP2-B7-06, VTP2-B7-07, VTP2-B7-08, VTP2-B7-09 and VTP2-B7-10. According to the procedure in example B5 above, comparison stair step plates of the type VTP3-B5 were produced, namely the comparison stair step plates VTP3-B7-01, VTP3-B7-02, VTP3-B7-03, VTP3-B7-04, VTP3- B7-05, VTP3-B7-06, VTP3-B7-07, VTP3-B7-08, VTP3-B7-09 and VTP3-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparative stair step plates of the type VTP4-B5 were produced, namely the comparative stair step plates VTP4-B7-01, VTP4-B7-02, VTP4-B7-03, VTP4-B7-04, VTP4- B7-05, VTP4-B7-06, VTP4-B7-07, VTP4-B7-08, VTP4-B7-09 and VTP4-B7-10. According to the procedure in example B5 above, comparative stair step plates of the type VTP5-B5 were produced, namely the comparative stair step plates VTP5-B7-01, VTP5-B7-02, VTP5-B7-03, VTP5-B7-04, VTP5- B7-05, VTP5-B7-06, VTP5-B7-07, VTP5-B7-08, VTP5-B7-09 and VTP5-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparative stair step plates of the type VTP6-B5 were produced, namely the comparative stair step plates VTP6-B7-01, VTP6-B7-02, VTP6-B7-03, VTP6-B7-04, VTP6- B7-05, VTP6-B7-06, VTP6-B7-07, VTP6-B7-08, VTP6-B7-09 and VTP6-B7-10.

All of the stair tread plates and comparison stair tread plates produced in Example B7 were dried in a drying oven at 80°C for a period of 16 hours.

The stair treads and comparison stair treads were then cooled to room temperature in the room air. One stair tread of each type and one comparison stair tread of each type were then presented to a member of an untrained panel of ten people for evaluation. In a blind test, the brightness of the color impression, which is often desired in the field of the present invention and perceived as positive, was evaluated.

The brightness of the color impression of the stair treads according to the invention of the types TP1-B5, TP2-B5, TP 3-B5, TP4-B5, TP5-B5, TP6-B5, TP7-B5 and TP8-B5 was on average rated significantly more positively than that of the comparison stair treads of the types VTP1-B5, VTP2-B5, VTP3-B5, VTP5-B5 and VTP6-B5.

The brightness of the color impression of the stair tread tiles of types TP1-B5, TP2-B, TP3-B5 and TP4-B5 was rated most positively by all members of the panel.

Our own tests have also shown that the stair step plates according to the invention of the types TP1-B5, TP2-B5, TP 3-B5, TP4-B5, TP5-B5, TP6-B5, TP7-B5 and TP8-B5 in conventional printing processes with both brown as well as with black ink with very good contrast. The best results were achieved with the stair tread tiles types TP1-B5, TP2-B5, TP 3-B5, TP4-B5. The investigations into the printability of the comparison stair step panels produced led to less advantageous results in all cases.

Example B8 - Determination of melt mass flow rate (MFR) and melt volume flow rate (MVR)

According to the recipes R1, R2, R3 and R4 in Table 7 above, oat composite granules were prepared according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-1 above.

With the recipe R1, an oat composite granulate G1-B8 was obtained; with the recipe R2, an oat composite granulate G2-B8 was obtained; with the recipe R3, an oat composite granulate G3-B8 was obtained; with the recipe R4, an oat composite granulate G4-B8 was obtained.

In each case, the oat composite granules were immediately transferred to a drying oven immediately after granulation and dried there at 80 ° C for a period of 16 hours. They were then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately placed in a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine DIN EN ISO 3167 standardized test specimens of type A and processed into stair step slabs. The target processing temperatures for injection molding are listed in Table 9.

According to the comparative recipes VR1, VR2 and VR3 in Table 8 above, comparative granules were each prepared according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-2 above.

A comparative granulate VG1-B8 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR1; a comparative granulate VG2-B8 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR2; and a comparative granulate VG3-B8 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR3.

In each case, the oat composite granules and the comparison granules were immediately transferred to a drying cabinet immediately after granulation and dried there at 80 ° C for a period of 16 hours.

For oat composite granules prepared in Example B8 and for comparative granules prepared in Example B8, melt mass flow rate (MFR) and melt volume flow rate (MVR) were each determined according to Method B of EN ISO 1133-1:2011 A load of 5 kg and a test temperature of 190°C were selected in each case. A specified piston travel was determined in accordance with point 12 g) for method B of the EN ISO 1133-1:2011 of 2 mm was chosen.

The results of the respective determinations are listed in Tables 10 to 16.

• MFR bedeutet Schmelze-Massefließrate im Sinne der DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011 . MFR bezeichnet den Mittelwert der aus einer Zylinderfüllung erhaltenen Werte der Schmelz-Massefließrate im Sinne des Punktes 12 h) der DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011 . MFR bedeutet Schmelze-Volumenfließrate im Sinne der DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011 . MVR bezeichnet den Mittelwert der aus einer Zylinderfüllung erhaltenen Werte der Schmelze-Volumenfließrate im Sinne des Punktes 12 h) der DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011 . Der Begriff „Messzeit“ bezeichnet die Zeitdauer der Messung im Sinne des Punktes 12 g) für Verfahren B der DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011 . Der zurückgelegte Kolbenweg im Sinne des Punktes 12 g) für Verfahren B der DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011 ergibt sich aus der Differenz der jeweiligen Kolbenpositionen bei Start und Ende der Messung.

In Tables 10 to 16 the following applies:

• MFR means melt mass flow rate in the sense of EN ISO 1133-1:2011 . MFR means the mean value of the melt mass flow rate values obtained from a cylinder filling within the meaning of point 12 h) of the EN ISO 1133-1:2011 . MFR means melt volume flow rate in the sense of EN ISO 1133-1:2011 . MVR means the mean value of the melt volume flow rate values obtained from a cylinder filling within the meaning of point 12 h) of the EN ISO 1133-1:2011 The term ‘measurement time’ means the duration of the measurement within the meaning of point 12 g) for method B of the EN ISO 1133-1:2011 . The piston travel within the meaning of point 12 g) for procedure B of the EN ISO 1133-1:2011 results from the difference between the respective piston positions at the start and end of the measurement.

Example B9: Density determination

According to Example B5 above, test specimens of the type PK1-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK1-B9-01, PK1-B9-02, PK1-B9-03, PK1-B9-04 and PK1-B9-05. According to example B5 above, test specimens of the type PK2-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK2-B9-01, PK2-B9-02, PK2-B9-03, PK2-B9-04 and PK2-B9-05. According to example B5 above, test specimens of the type PK3-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK3-B9-01, PK3-B9-02, PK3-B9-03, PK3-B9-04 and PK3-B9-05. According to example B5 above, test specimens of the type PK4-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK4-B9-01, PK4-B9-02, PK4-B9-03, PK4-B9-04 and PK4-B9-05.

According to the procedure in example B5 above, comparative test specimens of the type VPK1-B5 were produced, namely the comparative test specimens VPK1-B9-01, VPK1-B9-02, VPK1-B9-03, VPK1-B9-04, VPK1-B9-05. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparative test specimens of the type VPK2-B5, namely the comparison test specimens VPK2-B9-01, VPK2-B9-02, VPK2-B9-03, VPK2-B9-04, VPK2-B9-05. According to the procedure in example B5 above, comparative test specimens of the type VPK3-B5 were produced, namely the comparative test specimens VPK3-B9-01, VPK3-B9-02, VPK3-B9-03, VPK3-B9-04, VPK3-B9-05.

The density of the test specimens produced in Example B9 and the density of the comparison test specimens produced in Example B9 were determined according to method A (immersion method). DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019 certainly. As an immersion liquid within the meaning of point 5.1.2 of DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019 fresh deionized water was used to which a proportion of 0.1% ethanol was added as a wetting agent to assist in separating air bubbles; the temperature of the immersion liquid was 27°C ± 2°C. No correction for air buoyancy was made. For each sample, 5 individual measurements were carried out on different test specimens or comparison specimens of the same composition. The results of the density determinations are listed in Tables 17 and 18.

In Tables 17 and 18, the term ‘density (mean)’ means the arithmetic mean of individual density measurements within the meaning of point 7 f) of the ISO 1183-1:2019 . Table 17: Results of density determinations on test specimens Specimen type Sample specimen in individual measurement Density (single measurement) [g/cm ³ ] Density (average) ^[15] [g/cm ³ ] PK1-B5 PK1-B9-01 1.3767 1,377 PK1-B9-02 1.3773 PK1-B9-03 1.3763 PK1-B9-04 1.3768 PK1-B9-05 1.3783 PK2-B5 PK2-B9-01 1.3811 1,382 PK2-B9-02 1.3822 PK2-B9-03 1.3812 PK2-B9-04 1,3819 PK2-B9-05 1,3823 PK3-B5 PK3-B9-01 1,2734 1,283 PK3-B9-02 1.2877 PK3-B9-03 1.2826 PK3-B9-04 1.2816 PK3-B9-05 1.2877 PK4-B5 PK4-B9-01 1,2942 1,292 PK4-B9-02 1.2914 PK4-B9-03 1.2905 PK4-B9-04 1.2919 PK4-B9-05 1.2917 Table 18: Results of density determinations on comparison test specimens Specimen type Sample specimen in individual measurement Density (single measurement) [g/cm ³ ] Density (average) ^[15] [g/cm ³ ] VPK1-B5 VPK1-B9-01 1,3007 1,301 VPK1-B9-02 1,3004 VPK1-B9-03 1.3015 VPK1-B9-04 1,3009 VPK1-B9-05 1,3011 VPK2-B5 VPK2-B9-01 1.3170 1,316 VPK2-B9-02 1,3153 VPK2-B9-03 1,3162 VPK2-B9-04 1,3158 VPK2-B9-05 1.3150 VPK3-B5 VPK3-B9-01 1.3770 1,377 VPK3-B9-02 1.3775 VPK3-B9-03 1.3766 VPK3-B9-04 1.3775 VPK3-B9-05 1.3778

Example B10: Determination of tensile properties

According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK1-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK1-B10-01, PK1-B10-02, PK1-B10-03, PK1-B10-04, PK1-B10-05, PK1-B10-06, PK1-B10-07, PK1-B10-08, PK1-B10-09 and PK1-B10-10. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK2-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK2-B10-01, PK2-B10-02, PK2-B10-03, PK2-B10-04, PK2-B10-05, PK2-B10-06, PK2-B10-07, PK2-B10-08, PK2-B10-09 and PK2-B10-10. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK3-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK3-B10-01, PK3-B10-02, PK3-B10-03, PK3-B10-04, PK3-B10-05, PK3-B10-06, PK3-B10-07, PK3-B10-08, PK3-B10-09 and PK3-B10-10. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK4-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK4-B10-01, PK4-B10-02, PK4-B10-03, PK4-B10-04, PK4-B10-05, PK4-B10-06, PK4-B10-07, PK4-B10-08, PK4-B10-09 and PK4-B10-10.

According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparative test specimens of the type VPK1-B5 were produced, namely the comparative test specimens VPK1-B10-01, VPK1-B10-02, VPK1-B10-03, VPK1-B10-04, VPK1-B10-05, VPK1-B10-06, VPK1-B10-07, VPK1-B10-08, VPK1-B10-09 and VPK1-B10-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparative test specimens of the type VPK2-B5 were produced, namely the comparative test specimens VPK2-B10-01, VPK2-B10-02, VPK2-B10-03, VPK2-B10-04, VPK2-B10-05, VPK2-B10-06, VPK2-B10-07, VPK2-B10-08, VPK2-B10-09 and VPK2-B10-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparative test specimens of the type VPK3-B5 were produced, namely the comparative test specimens VPK3-B10-01, VPK3-B10-02, VPK3-B10-03, VPK3-B10-04, VPK3-B10-05, VPK3-B10-06, VPK3-B10-07, VPK3-B10-08, VPK3-B10-09, VPK3-B10-10.

The tensile properties of the test specimens prepared in Example B10 and the tensile properties of the comparative test specimens prepared in Example B10 were determined according to ISO 527-2:2012 certainly.

The tensile modulus, the tensile strength, the tensile elongation, the breaking stress, the breaking elongation and the dimensions of the test specimens used were determined accordingly DIN EN ISO 527-2:2012 . In addition, the maximum force applied was determined. The tensile properties were determined on a Zwick Roell Z020 device and with a type 8497 30 kN pneumatic sample holder. The load cell was 20 kN. The test speed was 1 mm/min for determining the characteristic value in the elastic range and 50 mm/min for determining the characteristic value in the plastic range. The clamping length at the starting position was 115.00 mm and the measuring length was 75 mm. In each case the test specimens were used at 23 °C room temperature and 23 °C sample body temperature and at a relative humidity of 50%.

The results of the respective determinations of the tensile properties are shown in Tables 19 to 25.

Example B11: Determination of bending properties

According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK1-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK1-B11-01, PK1-B11-02, PK1-B11-03, PK1-B11-04 and PK1-B11-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK2-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK2-B11-01, PK2-B11-02, PK2-B11-03, PK2-B11-04 and PK2-B11-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK3-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK3-B11-01, PK3-B11-02, PK3-B11-03, PK3-B11-04 and PK3-B11-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK4-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK4-B11-01, PK4-B11-02, PK4-B11-03, PK4-B11-04 and PK4-B11-05.

According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 were produced, namely the comparison test specimens VPK1-B11-01, VPK1-B11-02, VPK1-B11-03, VPK1-B11-04 and VPK1-B11-05. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 were produced, namely the comparison test specimens VPK2-B11-01, VPK2-B11-02, VPK2-B11-03, VPK2-B11-04 and VPK2-B11-05. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK3-B11-01, VPK3-B11-02, VPK3-B11-03, VPK3-B11-04 and VPK3-B11-05.

The bending properties of the test specimens produced in Example B11 and the bending properties of the comparison test specimens produced in Example B11 were determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 determined, with a preliminary force of 0.1MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min.

The bending properties were determined using a Zwick Roell Z2.5kN TN device. The load cell was 2.5 kN. The support distance was 64 mm. A sample support with a radius of 5mm was used. The test specimens were used at 23 °C room temperature and 23 °C test specimen temperature and at a relative humidity of 50 %.

The flexural elastic modulus, the bending stress at conventional deflection, the bending strength, the bending strain at bending strength, the bending stress at break and the bending strain at break were determined, each according to the method Ader EN ISO 178:2019 with the parameters specified above. In addition, the maximum force applied and the dimensions of the test specimens used were determined.

The results of the respective determinations of the bending properties are shown in Tables 26 and 27.

Example B12: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens

According to Example B5 above, test specimens of the type PK1-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK1-B12-01, PK1-B12-02, PK1-B12-03, PK1-B12-04, PK1-B12-05, PK1-B12- 06, PK1-B12-07, PK1-B12-08, PK1-B12-09, PK1-B12-10, PK1-B12-11 and PK1-B12-12. According to example B5 above, test specimens of the type PK2-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK2-B12-01, PK2-B12-02, PK2-B12-03, PK2-B12-04, PK2-B12-05, PK2-B12- 06, PK2-B12-07, PK2-B12-08, PK2-B12-09, PK2-B12-10, PK2-B12-11 and PK2-B12-12. According to example B5 above, test specimens of the type PK3-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK3-B12-01, PK3-B12-02, PK3-B12-03, PK3-B12-04, PK3-B12-05, PK3-B12- 06, PK3-B12-07, PK3-B12-08, PK3-B12-09, PK3-B12-10, PK3-B12-11 and PK3-B12-12. According to example B5 above, test specimens of the type PK4-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK4-B12-01, PK4-B12-02, PK4-B12-03, PK4-B12-04, PK4-B12-05, PK4-B12- 06, PK4-B12-07, PK4-B12-08, PK4-B12-09, PK4-B12-10, PK4-B12-11 and PK4-B12-12.

According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK1-B12-01, VPK1-B12-02, VPK1-B12-03, VPK1-B12-04, VPK1-B12-05, VPK1-B12-06, VPK1-B12-07, VPK1-B12-08, VPK1-B12-09, VPK1-B12-10, VPK1-B12-11 and VPK1-B12-12. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK2-B12-01, VPK2-B12-02, VPK2-B12-03, VPK2-B12-04, VPK2-B12-05, VPK2-B12-06, VPK2-B12-07, VPK2-B12-08, VPK2-B12-09, VPK2-B12-10, VPK2-B12-11 and VPK2-B12-12. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK3-B12-01, VPK3-B12-02, VPK3-B12-03, VPK3-B12-04, VPK3-B12-05, VPK3-B12-06, VPK3-B12-07, VPK3-B12-08, VPK3-B12-09, VPK3-B12-10, VPK3-B12-11 and VPK3-B12-12.

The Charpy impact strength of the test specimens prepared in Example B10 and the Charpy impact strength of the comparative test specimens prepared in Example B10 were determined according to EN ISO 179-1:2010 according to the method ISO 179-1/1eU. For this purpose, the test specimens type A were EN ISO 3167:2014 Point 3 was shortened to 80 mm +/- 2 mm and then inserted. The determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens or test pieces was carried out on a Zwick Roell HIT 25P device. The nominal work capacity of the pendulum was 5 joules. The test specimens were used at 23 °C room temperature and 23 °C test piece temperature and at a relative humidity of 50%.

The results of the respective Charpy impact strength determinations are shown in Tables 28 to 34.

• „E_c“ bedeutet die korrigierte Arbeit (in Joule), die aufgenommen wird, um den Probekörper zu brechen. Die Bezeichnung „C“ für die Versagensart hat die Bedeutung gemäß DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010 , nämlich, dass ein vollständiger Bruch, einschließlich Scharnierbruch eingetreten ist.

Tabelle 28: Bestimmung der Charpy-Schlagzähigkeit von ungekerbten Prüfkörpern der Machart Typ PK1-B5 Prüfkörpern Typ Prüfkörper in Einzelmessung E_c [J] Schlagzähigkeit [kJ/m²] Versagensart PK1-B5 PK1-B12-01 0,43 10,40 C PK1-B12-02 0,55 13,11 C PK1-B12-03 0,46 11,11 C PK1-B12-04 0,44 10,54 C PK1-B12-05 0,50 11,97 C PK1-B12-06 0,48 11,40 C PK1-B12-07 0,43 10,26 C PK1-B12-08 0,49 11,82 C PK1-B12-09 0,50 11,97 C PK1-B12-10 0,54 12,97 C PK1-B12-11 0,48 11,40 C PK1-B12-12 0,46 11,11 C Tabelle 29: Bestimmung der Charpy-Schlagzähigkeit von ungekerbten Prüfkörpern der Machart PK2-B5 Prüfkörper Typ Prüfkörper in Einzelmessung E_c [J] Schlagzähigkeit [kJ/m²] Versagensart PK2-B5 PK2-B12-01 0,50 12,00 C PK2-B12-02 0,42 10,00 C PK2-B12-03 0,42 10,00 C PK2-B12-04 0,43 10,28 C PK2-B12-05 0,46 11,14 C PK2-B12-06 0,39 9,28 C PK2-B12-07 0,46 11,00 C PK2-B12-08 0,36 8,57 C PK2-B12-09 0,48 11,57 C PK2-B12-10 0,37 8,86 C PK2-B12-11 0,42 10,14 C PK2-B12-12 0,44 10,57 C Tabelle 30: Bestimmung der Charpy-Schlagzähigkeit von ungekerbten Prüfkörpern der Machart PK3-B5 Prüfkörper Typ Prüfkörper in Einzelmessung E_c [J] Schlagzähigkeit [kJ/m²] Versagensart PK3-B5 PK3-B12-01 0,18 4,37 C PK3-B12-02 0,20 4,79 C PK3-B12-03 0,20 4,93 C PK3-B12-04 0,19 4,65 C PK3-B12-05 0,19 4,51 C PK3-B12-06 0,18 4,37 C PK3-B12-07 0,20 4,79 C PK3-B12-08 0,20 4,79 C PK3-B12-09 0,21 5,08 C PK3-B12-10 0,20 4,79 C PK3-B12-11 0,20 4,79 C Tabelle 31: Bestimmung der Charpy-Schlagzähigkeit von ungekerbten Prüfkörpern der Machart PK4-B5 Prüfkörper Typ Prüfkörper in Einzelmessung E_c [J] Schlagzähigkeit [kJ/m²] Versagensart PK4-B5 PK4-B12-01 0,20 4,80 C PK4-B12-02 0,21 5,09 C PK4-B12-03 0,20 4,80 C PK4-B12-04 0,13 3,10 C PK4-B12-05 0,15 3,52 C PK4-B12-06 0,19 4,52 C PK4-B12-07 0,14 3,38 C PK4-B12-08 0,19 4,52 C PK4-B12-09 0,19 4,52 C PK4-B12-10 0,19 4,66 C PK4-B12-11 0,19 4,52 C PK4-B12-12 0,13 3,10 C Tabelle 32: Bestimmung der Charpy-Schlagzähigkeit von ungekerbten Vergleichsprüfkörpern der Machart VPK1-B5 Vergleichsprüfkörper Typ Vergleichsprüfkörper in Einzelmessung E_c [J] Schlagzähigkeit [kJ/m²] Versagensart VPK1-B5 VPK1-B12-01 0,79 18,97 C VPK1-B12-02 0,72 17,38 C VPK1-B12-03 0,75 18,10 C VPK1-B12-04 0,76 18,39 C VPK1-B12-05 0,85 20,42 C VPK1-B12-06 0,71 17,09 C VPK1-B12-07 0,78 18,68 C VPK1-B12-08 0,81 19,55 C VPK1-B12-09 0,75 17,96 C VPK1-B12-10 0,82 19,70 C VPK1-B12-11 0,73 17,67 C Tabelle 33: Bestimmung der Charpy-Schlagzähigkeit von ungekerbten Vergleichsprüfkörpern der Machart VPK2-B5 Vergleichsprüfkörper Typ Vergleichsprüfkörper in Einzelmessung E_c [J] Schlagzähigkeit [kJ/m²] Versagensart VPK2-B5 VPK2-B12-01 0,59 14,18 C VPK2-B12-02 0,64 15,47 C VPK2-B12-03 0,68 16,48 C VPK2-B12-04 0,67 16,05 C VPK2-B12-05 0,64 15,33 C VPK2-B12-06 0,64 15,33 C VPK2-B12-07 0,67 16,20 C VPK2-B12-08 0,63 15,18 C VPK2-B12-09 0,65 15,62 C VPK2-B12-10 0,70 16,77 C VPK2-B12-11 0,64 15,47 C VPK2-B12-12 0,62 14,90 C Tabelle 34: Bestimmung der Charpy-Schlagzähigkeit von ungekerbten Vergleichsprüfkörpern Typ VPK3-B5 Vergleichsprüfkörper Typ Vergleichsprüfkörper in Einzelmessung E_c [J] Schlagzähigkeit [kJ/m²] Versagensart VPK3-B5 VPK3-B12-01 0,67 16,27 C VPK3-B12-02 0,58 13,95 C VPK3-B12-03 0,61 14,82 C VPK3-B12-04 0,65 15,69 C VPK3-B12-05 0,67 16,12 C VPK3-B12-06 0,63 15,25 C VPK3-B12-07 0,59 14,24 C VPK3-B12-08 0,67 16,27 C VPK3-B12-09 0,64 15,54 C VPK3-B12-10 0,66 15,98 C VPK3-B12-11 0,64 15,54 C In Tables 28 to 34 the following applies:

• “E _c ” means the corrected work (in joules) absorbed to break the test specimen. The designation “C” for the type of failure has the meaning as follows DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010 , namely that a complete break, including hinge break, has occurred.

Table 28: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens of type PK1-B5 Test specimen type Test specimens in individual measurements _Ec [J] Impact strength [kJ/m ² ] Type of failure PK1-B5 PK1-B12-01 0.43 10.40 C PK1-B12-02 0.55 13.11 C PK1-B12-03 0.46 11.11 C PK1-B12-04 0.44 10.54 C PK1-B12-05 0.50 11.97 C PK1-B12-06 0.48 11.40 C PK1-B12-07 0.43 10.26 C PK1-B12-08 0.49 11.82 C PK1-B12-09 0.50 11.97 C PK1-B12-10 0.54 12.97 C PK1-B12-11 0.48 11.40 C PK1-B12-12 0.46 11.11 C Table 29: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens of type PK2-B5 Test specimen type Test specimens in individual measurements _Ec [J] Impact strength [kJ/m ² ] Type of failure PK2-B5 PK2-B12-01 0.50 12.00 C PK2-B12-02 0.42 10.00 C PK2-B12-03 0.42 10.00 C PK2-B12-04 0.43 10.28 C PK2-B12-05 0.46 11.14 C PK2-B12-06 0.39 9.28 C PK2-B12-07 0.46 11.00 C PK2-B12-08 0.36 8.57 C PK2-B12-09 0.48 11.57 C PK2-B12-10 0.37 8.86 C PK2-B12-11 0.42 10.14 C PK2-B12-12 0.44 10.57 C Table 30: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens of type PK3-B5 Test specimen type Test specimens in individual measurements _Ec [J] Impact strength [kJ/m ² ] Type of failure PK3-B5 PK3-B12-01 0.18 4.37 C PK3-B12-02 0.20 4.79 C PK3-B12-03 0.20 4.93 C PK3-B12-04 0.19 4.65 C PK3-B12-05 0.19 4.51 C PK3-B12-06 0.18 4.37 C PK3-B12-07 0.20 4.79 C PK3-B12-08 0.20 4.79 C PK3-B12-09 0.21 5.08 C PK3-B12-10 0.20 4.79 C PK3-B12-11 0.20 4.79 C Table 31: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens of type PK4-B5 Test specimen type Test specimens in individual measurements _Ec [J] Impact strength [kJ/m ² ] Type of failure PK4-B5 PK4-B12-01 0.20 4.80 C PK4-B12-02 0.21 5.09 C PK4-B12-03 0.20 4.80 C PK4-B12-04 0.13 3.10 C PK4-B12-05 0.15 3.52 C PK4-B12-06 0.19 4.52 C PK4-B12-07 0.14 3.38 C PK4-B12-08 0.19 4.52 C PK4-B12-09 0.19 4.52 C PK4-B12-10 0.19 4.66 C PK4-B12-11 0.19 4.52 C PK4-B12-12 0.13 3.10 C Table 32: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 Comparison test specimen type Comparison test specimen in individual measurement _Ec [J] Impact strength [kJ/m ² ] Type of failure VPK1-B5 VPK1-B12-01 0.79 18.97 C VPK1-B12-02 0.72 17.38 C VPK1-B12-03 0.75 18.10 C VPK1-B12-04 0.76 18.39 C VPK1-B12-05 0.85 20.42 C VPK1-B12-06 0.71 17.09 C VPK1-B12-07 0.78 18.68 C VPK1-B12-08 0.81 19.55 C VPK1-B12-09 0.75 17.96 C VPK1-B12-10 0.82 19.70 C VPK1-B12-11 0.73 17.67 C Table 33: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 Comparison test specimen type Comparison test specimen in individual measurement _Ec [J] Impact strength [kJ/m ² ] Type of failure VPK2-B5 VPK2-B12-01 0.59 14.18 C VPK2-B12-02 0.64 15.47 C VPK2-B12-03 0.68 16.48 C VPK2-B12-04 0.67 16.05 C VPK2-B12-05 0.64 15.33 C VPK2-B12-06 0.64 15.33 C VPK2-B12-07 0.67 16.20 C VPK2-B12-08 0.63 15.18 C VPK2-B12-09 0.65 15.62 C VPK2-B12-10 0.70 16.77 C VPK2-B12-11 0.64 15.47 C VPK2-B12-12 0.62 14.90 C Table 34: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched comparison test specimens type VPK3-B5 Comparison test specimen type Comparison test specimen in individual measurement _Ec [J] Impact strength [kJ/m ² ] Type of failure VPK3-B5 VPK3-B12-01 0.67 16.27 C VPK3-B12-02 0.58 13.95 C VPK3-B12-03 0.61 14.82 C VPK3-B12-04 0.65 15.69 C VPK3-B12-05 0.67 16.12 C VPK3-B12-06 0.63 15.25 C VPK3-B12-07 0.59 14.24 C VPK3-B12-08 0.67 16.27 C VPK3-B12-09 0.64 15.54 C VPK3-B12-10 0.66 15.98 C VPK3-B12-11 0.64 15.54 C

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 3176110 A1 [0003]
• EP 0976790 A1 [0004]
• US 5663221 A [0005]
• EP 3720911 B1 [0006]
• EP 2621979 B1 [0007]
• EC 12722008 [0107]
• EC 67548 [0107]
• EC 199945 [0107]
• EC 19072006 [0107]
• EP13332008A [0110]
• EP 10/2011 [0124, 0125]
• EP 2018848 A [0167]
• EC 8342007 [0167]
• WO 2020192981 A [0169]
• EP102011A [0170, 0171, 0184]

Cited non-patent literature

• DIN EN 13432:2000-12 [0010, 0057]
• EN ISO 1183-1 [0016]
• EN ISO 178:2019 [0016, 0054, 0097, 0113, 0283, 0285]
• DIN EN ISO 527-2 [0016, 0054, 0097, 0113]
• DIN EN ISO 178 [0016, 0091, 0113]
• EN ISO 179-1 [0016, 0054]
• DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019 [0113, 0274, 0275]
• DIN EN ISO 527-2:2012 [0113, 0278, 0279]
• EN ISO 179-1:2010 [0113, 0289, 0291]
• EN 15621 : 2017-10 [0208]
• DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018 [0208, 0209, 0215]
• DIN EN 14122: 2014-08 [0209]
• DIN EN 14152: 2014-08 [0209]
• EN 14663 : 2006-03 [0209]
• EN 14131 : 2003-09 [0209]
• DIN 10758 : 1997-05 [0215]
• EN ISO 15512:2019 [0232]
• DIN EN ISO 3167 [0243, 0248, 0265]
• EN ISO 1133-1:2011 [0269, 0271]
• EN ISO 3167:2014 [0289]

Claims (29)

Grain composite articles, in particular oat composite articles, comprising - polymer material and - Cereal fiber, preferably oat fiber. Oat composite articles according to Claim 1 , wherein the oat composite article is compostable, preferably industrially compostable and/or home compostable and/or wherein the oat composite article is recyclable, preferably 100% recyclable. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: - polyhydroxyalkanoate - polybutylene succinate - polybutylene succinate co-adipate - natural resins - starch - cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight - polybutylene adipate terephthalate - polycaprolactone - polylactides - cellulose acetate - waxes and - mixtures thereof, preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: - polyhydroxyalkanoate - polybutylene succinate - polybutylene succinate co-adipate and - mixtures thereof, particularly preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: - polyhydroxyalkanoate - polybutylene succinate co-adipate and - mixtures thereof, very particularly preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: - Polyhydroxyalkanoate and - polybutylene succinate co-adipate. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of lignocellulose in the range from 60% by weight to 90% by weight, preferably in the range from 70% by weight to 88% by weight .-%, particularly preferably in the range from 75% by weight to 87% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 81% by weight to 86% by weight, in each case based on the dry matter present in the oat composite article Oat fibers, and/or - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of lignin in the range from 10% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably in the range from 11% by weight to 27.5% by weight. %, particularly preferably in the range from 12% by weight to 26% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 22% by weight to 25% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and/or - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range from 20% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably in the range from 22% by weight to 38% by weight, particularly preferred in the range from 23.5% by weight to 37.0% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 31.5% by weight to 36.0% by weight, in each case based on the dry matter of the oat composite. oat fibers present in the article, and/or - whereby the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a proportion of xylose in the range of 15 % by weight to 31% by weight, preferably in the range from 17% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 22% by weight to 29.9% by weight, very particularly preferred in the range from 27.3% by weight to 28.9% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or - where the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article contains a proportion of arabinose in the range from 2.6% by weight to 4.0% by weight, preferably in the range from 3.1% by weight to 3.9% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 3.2% by weight up to 3.8% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and/or - where in the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article there is a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range from 0.05 to 0, 5 is present, preferably in the range from 0.09 to 0.3, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.2, and / or - where the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a proportion of mannose of less than 0.03 wt .-%, preferably less than 0.02% by weight, particularly preferably less than 0.01% by weight, in each case based on the dry matter of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or - where the im Oat fibers present in oat composite articles have a proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the range from 50 µg g ^-1 to 250 µg g ^-1 , preferably in the range from 60 µg g ^-1 to 220 µg g ^-1, particularly preferably in the range from 65 µg g ^-1 to 216 µg g ^-1, very particularly preferably in the range from 190 µg g ^-1 to 215 µg g ^-1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of ferulic acid in the range from 1000 µg g ^-1 to 3000 µg g ^-1 , preferably in the range from 1100 µg g ^-1 to 2800 µg g ^-1, particularly preferably in Range from 1300 µg g ^-1 to 2700 µg g ^-1, most preferably in the range from 2300 µg g ^-1 to 2600 µg g ^-1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and/ or - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a protein content of less than 3% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, particularly preferably a protein content in the range from 1.2% by weight to 1.6% by weight, based in each case on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and/or - whereby the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lipid content of less than 2% by weight, preferably less than 1.5% by weight, particularly preferably a proportion of lipids in the range from 0.8% by weight to 1.0% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 µm to 300 µm, preferably in the range from 120 µm to 250 µm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 µm to 220 µm, preferably in the range from 190 µm to 200 µm, and/or - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 µm to 200 µm, preferably in the range from 50 µm to 150 µm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 µm to 130 µm, preferably in the range from 105 µm to 120 µm, and/or - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range from 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range from 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range from 0.7 to 0.85, and/or - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range from 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range from 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range from 1.05 to 1.35, and/or - wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average ferret axis ratio in the range from 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range from 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range from 0.45 to 0.58. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein in the oat composite article the proportion of oat fibers is in the range from 5 wt.% to 45 wt.%, preferably in the range from 10 wt.% to 42 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 30 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims additionally comprising one, two, three or more substances, preferably in a combined total proportion of 2 to 5% by weight based on the total mass of the oat composite article, which are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of: - Sugar, - fertilizers, preferably guano, - Auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, - Colorants, preferably food colorings, particularly preferably natural food colorings, very particularly preferably natural food colorings selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry colorings, beetroot colorings, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, preferably oat composite molded part; - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, in the range from 15 g/10 min to 25 g/10 min, preferably in the range from 16 g/10 min to 24 g/10 min, particularly preferably in the range from 16.5 g/10 min to 23.8 g/10 min, and/or - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt volume flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, in the range from 10 cm ³ /10 min to 105 cm ³ /10 min, preferably in the range from 12 cm ³ /10 min to 104 cm ³ /10 min, particularly preferably in the range from 13 cm ³ /10 min to 102 cm ³ /10 min, and/or - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a density, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 1183-1, in the range from 1.2 g·cm ^-3 to 1.5 g·cm ^-3 , preferably in the range from 1.26 g·cm ^-3 to 1.4 g·cm ^-3 , particularly preferably in the range from 1.28 g·cm ^-3 to 1.39 g·cm ^-3 , and/or - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a flexural elastic modulus, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min, in the range from 1500 MPa to 5000 MPa, preferably in the range from 1600 MPa to 4500 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 1640 MPa to 4300 MPa, and/or - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a tensile strength determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2, in the range from 15 MPa to 30 MPa, preferably in the range from 18 MPa to 27 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 19 MPa to 26 MPa, and/or - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a tensile elongation determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2, in the range from 0.7% to 3.0%, preferably in the range from 0.8% to 2.8%, particularly preferably in the range from 0.81% to 2.79%, and/or - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a bending stress at conventional Deflection, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178, with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min, in the range from 30 MPa to 40 MPa, preferably in the range from 34 MPa to 39 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 36 MPa to 38 MPa, and/or - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a bending elongation at bending strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178, with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min, in the range from 0.5% to 6%, preferably in the range from 1.0% to 5.0%, particularly preferably in the range from 1.4% to 4.5%, and/or - wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a Charpy impact strength of the unnotched test specimen, determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010 using the ISO 179-1/1eU method, in the range of 4 kJ m ^-2 to 20 kJ m ^-2 , preferably in the range of 4.1 kJ m ^-2 to 12 kJ m ^-2 , particularly preferably in the range of 4.2 kJ m ^-2 to 11.9 kJ m ^-2 . Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, preferably oat composite molded part, wherein - the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has an inherent smell of roasted aromas. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, preferably oat composite molding, wherein - the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, complies with the requirements of EU Commission Regulation No. 10/2011 of January 14, 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the oat composite article can be stored at temperatures in the range between 0 °C and 25 °C and at a defined air humidity in the range of 0% to 10% relative humidity for a period of at least 12 months, preferably at least 18 months, particularly preferably at least 24 months, very particularly preferably at least 36 months without the formation of mold. Use of an oat composite item selected from the group consisting of: - oat composite, - oat composite granules, - dried oat composite granules and - oat composite molding, for the production of an article selected from the group consisting of: - Garden items, agricultural items and/or forestry items, particularly plant pots, browsing protection, weed barriers and silage films, - Signage, especially signage for use not intended to last longer than 2 months, - disposable tableware and disposable cutlery, in particular disposable bowls, disposable plates, lids for disposable coffee cups, disposable cups for cold drinks, disposable cups for hot drinks, disposable knives, disposable forks, disposable spoons, disposable coffee spoons, disposable stirrers, disposable chopsticks, - disposable straws, - reusable tableware and reusable cutlery, in particular reusable bowls, reusable plates, lids for reusable coffee cups, reusable cups for cold drinks, reusable cups for hot drinks, reusable knives, reusable forks, reusable spoons, reusable coffee spoons, reusable stirrers, reusable chopsticks, - reusable straws, - beach toys, - Tote bags and - Disposable packaging, preferably disposable packaging for food, especially coffee capsules and foil for packaging fruit. Use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article, preferably for producing an oat composite article according to one of Claims 1 until 11 . Use of a polymer material selected from the group consisting of: - polyhydroxyalkanoate, - polybutylene succinate, - polybutylene succinate co-adipate, - natural resins, - starch, - cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight, - polybutylene adipate terephthalate, - polycaprolactone, - polylactides, - cellulose acetate, - waxes and - mixtures thereof; preferably selected from the group consisting of: - polyhydroxyalkanoate, - polybutylene succinate, - polybutylene succinate co-adipate and - mixtures thereof; particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of: - polyhydroxyalkanoate, - polybutylene succinate co-adipate and - mixtures thereof; very particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of: - polyhydroxyalkanoate and - polybutylene succinate co-adipate; for producing an oat composite article, preferably for producing an oat composite article according to one of Claims 1 until 11 . Process for producing an oat composite article selected from the group consisting of: - Oat composite - Oat composite granules - dried oat composite granules and - Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the item: - Produce or provide - a polymer material and spatially separated from it - Oat fiber - Melting the polymer material produced or provided so that a molten polymer material results - Compounding the melted polymer material with at least the oat fibers produced or provided in a predetermined quantitative ratio, so that the oat composite results. Procedure according to Claim 15 for producing an article selected from the group consisting of: - oat composite granules - dried oat composite granules and - oat composite molding with the following steps for producing the article: - producing an oat composite according to a method according to Claim 15 - Granulation of the oat composite to produce oat composite granules. Procedure according to Claim 16 for producing an article selected from the group consisting of: - dried oat composite granules and - oat composite molding with the following steps for producing the article: - producing an oat composite granule according to a process according to Claim 16 - drying the oat composite granules to result in dried oat composite granules, preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 12%, particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 10%, most particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 9%. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 16 until 17 for producing an oat composite moulding with the following steps for producing the article: - producing an oat composite granulate according to a process according to Claim 16 and/or producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a process according to Claim 17 , preferably Her preparing a dried oat composite granulate according to a process according to Claim 17 - Melting the oat composite granules and/or the dried oat composite granules, preferably melting the dried oat composite granules, so that molten oat composite results - Injection molding the molten oat composite so that an oat composite molded part results. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 15 until 18 , wherein - the compounding takes place in a temperature range from 180 °C to 230 °C, preferably in a temperature range from 185 °C to 220 °C, particularly preferably in a temperature range from 188 °C to 215 °C, very particularly preferably in a temperature range from 190 °C to 210 °C, and/or - wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: - polyhydroxyalkanoate, - polybutylene succinate, - polybutylene succinate co-adipate, - natural resins, - starch, - cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5 wt. %, - polybutylene adipate terephthalate, - polycaprolactone, - polylactides, - cellulose acetate, - waxes and - mixtures thereof; preferably selected from the group consisting of: - polyhydroxyalkanoate, - polybutylene succinate, - polybutylene succinate co-adipate and - mixtures thereof; is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of: - polyhydroxyalkanoate, - polybutylene succinate co-adipate and - mixtures thereof; is very particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of: - polyhydroxyalkanoate and - polybutylene succinate co-adipate. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 18 until 19 for producing an oat composite molded part, wherein - the melting and processing during injection molding takes place up to immediately before contact with a casting mold and/or a water bath in a temperature range of 80 °C to 230 °C, preferably in a temperature range of 100 °C to 220 °C, particularly preferably in a temperature range of 110 °C to 210 °C, very particularly preferably in a temperature range of 120 °C to 200 °C, and/or - during injection molding, the casting mold immediately before contact with the molten oat composite has a temperature in the range of 15 °C to 50 °C, preferably a temperature in the range of 20 °C to 40 °C, particularly preferably a temperature in the range of 25 °C to 38 °C, very particularly preferably a temperature in the range of 30 °C to 35 °C. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 15 until 20 for producing an oat composite article with the following steps: - providing oat hulls and/or oat husks; - Cleaning the oat hulls and/or oat husks so that cleaned oat hulls and/or cleaned oat husks result; - Drying the cleaned oat husks and/or the cleaned oat husks, so that dried cleaned oat husks result in oat husks and/or dried cleaned oat husks; - Grinding the dried, cleaned oat hulls and/or the dried, cleaned oat husks to produce ground oat hulls and/or ground oat husks; - Sieving the ground oat hulls and/or the ground oat husks so that oat fibers and a residue result in the sieve. Process for producing an oat composite article according to Claim 21 , wherein - the cleaning of the oat shells and/or oat husks is carried out at least partially by boiling in water at 100°C and then pressing them out, and/or - wherein the drying is carried out as indirect drying, preferably as indirect drying on a belt dryer or in a drying cabinet, preferably on a belt dryer, and/or - wherein the drying is carried out in such a way that the resulting dried cleaned oat shells and/or dried cleaned oat husks have a water content of less than 7% by weight, preferably less than 6% by weight, particularly preferably less than 5% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 4% by weight, and/or - wherein the dried cleaned oat shells and/or dried cleaned oat husks used in the grinding have a water content of less than 7% by weight, preferably less than 6% by weight, particularly preferably less than 5% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 4% by weight at the start of the grinding, and/or - wherein the grinding is carried out with an impact disk mill, preferably the grinding is carried out with an impact disk mill at a temperature of 75°C, particularly preferably at a temperature of 75°C and with a residence time of 1 minute, and/or - wherein when sieving the ground oat husks and/or the ground oat husks, a sieve with a mesh size of 300 micrometers or less, preferably 200 micrometers or less, particularly preferably 160 micrometers or less, very particularly preferably 120 micrometers is used. Method for producing an oat composite article according to one of the preceding Claims 15 until 22 , wherein: - the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibers, without the addition of further substances, so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the polymer material produced or provided and the oat fibers produced or provided; or - in addition to the oat fibers produced or provided, further substances are added to the molten polymer material as additives, which are also present during the subsequent compounding, preferably these further substances are selected as additives from the group consisting of: - sugar, - fertilizers, preferably guano, - Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, - Dyes, preferably food colorings, particularly preferably natural food colorings, very particularly preferably natural food colorings selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry colorings , beet dyes, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin. A process for producing an oat composite article according to any one of the preceding Claims 15 until 23 , wherein: - the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibers, without the addition of further substances, so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the polymer material produced or provided and the oat fibers produced or provided; and - when compounding the molten polymer material with the oat fibers produced or provided in a predetermined ratio so that the oat composite results, - the predetermined ratio is selected so that it corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 5 wt.% to 45 wt.%, preferably a proportion of oat fibers of 10 wt.% to 42 wt.% corresponds, particularly preferably, to a proportion of 20% to 40% by weight, very particularly preferably to a proportion of 30% to 35% by weight, in each case based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding and the oat fibers used in the compounding. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 15 until 23 , whereby: - in addition to the oat fibers produced or provided, one, two, three or more other substances are added as additives to the molten polymer material, which are also present during the subsequent compounding, preferably these are one, two, three or more other substances as additives selected from the group consisting of: - sugar, - fertilizers, preferably guano, - auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, - dyes, preferably food colorings, particularly preferably natural food colorings , very particularly preferably natural food colorings selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry colorings, beetroot colorings, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin; and - when compounding the molten polymer material with at least the oat fibers produced or provided in a predetermined quantitative ratio, so that the oat composite results, the predetermined quantitative ratio is selected so that it has a proportion of oat fibers of 5% by weight to 45% by weight. corresponds, preferably to a proportion of oat fibers of 10% by weight to 42% by weight, particularly preferably to a proportion of 20% by weight to 40% by weight, most preferably to a proportion of 30% by weight to 35% by weight, based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in compounding and the oat fibers used in compounding. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 15 until 25 , wherein the polymer material used to produce an oat composite article - has a density, determined according to method A of ISO 1183-1, in the range of 1 g·cm ³ to 2 g·cm ³ , preferably a density in the range of 1.0 g.cm ³ to 1.6 g.cm ³ , particularly preferably a density in the range of 1.1 g.cm ³ to 1.3 g.cm ³ , most preferably a density in the range of 1.23 g.cm ³ to 1.26 g·cm ³ , and/or - a melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, in the range of 2 g/10 min to 50 g/10 min, preferably in the range from 2.5 g/10 min to 35 g/10 min, particularly preferably in the range from 3.0 g/10 min to 32 g/10 min, very particularly preferably in the range from 3.8 g/10 min to 30 g/10 min, and/or - has a melting point, determined according to ISO 3146, in the range from 70 °C to 140 °C, preferably in the range from 75 °C to 120 °C , particularly preferably in the range from 78 ° C to 88 ° C, very particularly preferably in the range from 83 ° C to 85 ° C. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 15 until 26 , - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a proportion of lignocellulose in the range from 60% by weight to 90% by weight, preferably in the range from 70% by weight to 88% by weight, particularly preferred in the range from 75% by weight to 87% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 81% by weight to 86% by weight, in each case based on the dry matter of the oat fibers used, and / or - where the for production The oat fibers used in the oat composite article have a proportion of lignin in the range from 10% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably in the range from 11% by weight to 27.5% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 12 % by weight to 26% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 22% by weight to 25% by weight, in each case based on the dry matter of the oat fibers used, and / or - where the for the production of the oat composite article oat fibers used have a hemicellulose content in the range from 20% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably in the range from 22% by weight to 38% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 23.5% by weight. up to 37.0% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 31.5% by weight to 36.0% by weight, in each case based on the dry matter of the oat fibers used, and/or - wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a proportion of xylose in the range from 15% by weight to 31% by weight, preferably in the range from 17% by weight to 30% by weight. -%, particularly preferably in the range from 22% by weight to 29.9% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 27.3% by weight to 28.9% by weight, in each case based on the dry matter of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and/or - wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a proportion of arabinose in the range of 2.6% by weight to 4.0% by weight, preferably in Range from 3.1% by weight to 3.9% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 3.2% by weight to 3.8% by weight, in each case based on the dry matter of the oat fibers used Hemicellulose, and/or - where in the hemicellulose of the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article there is a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range from 0.05 to 0.5, preferably in the range from 0.09 to 0.3, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.2, and/or - where the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a mannose content of less than 0.03% by weight, preferably less than 0, 02% by weight, particularly preferably less than 0.01% by weight, in each case based on the dry matter of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and / or - where the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article contain a proportion of p -Hydroxybenzaldehyde in the range from 50 µg g ^-1 to 250 µg g ^-1 , preferably in the range from 60 µg g ^-1 to 220 µg g ^-1, particularly preferably in the range from 65 µg g ^-1 to 216 µg · g ^-1 very particularly preferably in the range from 190 µg · g ^-1 to 215 µg · g ^-1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or - whereby the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article make up a portion Ferulic acid in the range from 1000 µg g ^-1 to 3000 µg g ^-1 , preferably in the range from 1100 µg g ^-1 to 2800 µg g ^-1, particularly preferably in the range from 1300 µg g ^-1 to 2700 µg ·g ^-1 very particularly preferably in the range from 2300 µg ·g ^-1 to 2600 µg ·g ^-1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or - where the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article make up a proportion of Have proteins of less than 3% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, particularly preferably a proportion of proteins in the range from 1.2% by weight to 1.6% by weight, in each case based on the dry matter of the oat fibers used, and/or - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a proportion of lipids of less than 2% by weight, preferably less than 1.5% by weight, particularly preferably a proportion of lipids Range from 0.8% by weight to 1.0% by weight, based on the dry matter of the oat fibers used. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 15 until 27 , - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 µm to 300 µm, preferably in the range from 120 µm to 250 µm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 µm to 220 µm, preferably in the range from 190 µm to 200 µm, and/or - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 µm to 200 µm, preferably in the range from 50 µm to 150 µm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 µm to 130 µm, preferably in the range from 105 µm to 120 µm, and/or - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 µm to 200 µm, preferably in the range from 50 µm to 150 µm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 µm to 130 µm, preferably in the range from 105 µm to 120 µm, and/or the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range from 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range from 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range from 0.7 to 0.85, and/or - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range from 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range from 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range from 1.05 to 1.35, and/or - wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average fiber-axial ratio in the range from 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range from 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range from 0.45 to 0.58. Kit for producing an oat composite article, at least comprising spatially separately arranged components: - a polymer material, preferably a polymer material selected from the group consisting of: - Polyhydroxyalkanoate - Polybutylene succinate - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate - natural resins - Strength - Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight - Polybutylene adipate terephthalate - Polycaprolactone - Polylactides - Cellulose acetate - Grow and - mixtures thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of: - Polyhydroxyalkanoate - Polybutylene succinate - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and - mixtures thereof, particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of: - Polyhydroxyalkanoate - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and - mixtures thereof, particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of: - Polyhydroxyalkanoate and - Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and - Oat fiber.