DE102022109435A1 - SYSTEM FOR WATER TREATMENT AND DESALINATION - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for water treatment and desalination is described. It has an evaporator and a condenser. The evaporator has: an evaporator air inlet opening, an evaporator air outlet opening, a film-like flat lamella evaporator and an evaporator collecting tray. Evaporation water at a first temperature flows over the finned evaporator surface. The condenser has: a condenser air inlet opening, a condenser air outlet opening, which is fluidly connected to the evaporator air outlet opening, a flat film condenser and a condensate collecting tray into which water condensed on the film condenser flows. Cooling water of a second temperature flows through the film capacitor, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature. Air flows through the system from the evaporator air inlet opening to the condenser air outlet opening, with water being absorbed by the air stream in the evaporator, and with water from the air stream condensing in the condenser on a surface of the film condenser.

Description

Field of invention

The invention relates to a system for water treatment and in particular to a system for water treatment and desalination, which is modular, flexible and can be dismantled again. The invention further relates to a method for operating the water treatment and desalination system.

Technical background

Water treatment technologies and systems for producing drinking water are becoming increasingly important in view of increasing population density, even in areas with poor natural water supplies. Distributing drinking water in plastic bottles - as is currently commonly used - can only be a temporary solution from an environmental protection point of view. In some cases, natural water resources, wells and reservoirs are increasingly drying out or the water in them is becoming increasingly saline and can therefore no longer be used as drinking water, but possibly only as industrial water.

In the past, various technologies were used to treat seawater, for example, in order to obtain drinking water for the population in disadvantaged regions. However, the technologies currently predominantly used for drinking water production were all developed and produced in highly industrialized countries and require a correspondingly complex infrastructure for long-term use and maintenance. This applies, for example, to the filter and membrane systems used, osmosis systems, vapor compression distillation (VC - vapor compression distillation), multi-stage distillation processes (MSF - multi-stage flash distillation), etc. As efficient as these systems may be, they are still limited suitable to be used in regions with weak or no sophisticated maintenance industry. In particular, these large - mostly industrially operated - water treatment systems are designed for stationary operation. They are set up once and also require appropriate technical infrastructure, such as power connections, etc.

In contrast, there is a demand for water treatment systems for small companies that are easy to assemble and dismantle, easy to transport and easy to repair and maintain, as well as for drinking water treatment for the population or agriculture, especially small-scale agriculture.

One of the underlying tasks for the systems and methods presented here is to meet the requirements just mentioned and to present a water treatment technology that is easily transportable, easy and quick to assemble, can be dismantled, is inexpensive and can be reused.

OVERVIEW OF THE INVENTION

This task is solved by the system proposed here and corresponding methods in accordance with the independent claims. Further refinements are described by the respective dependent claims.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a water treatment and desalination system is presented. The system has the following: an evaporator, which has the following: an evaporator air inlet opening, an evaporator air outlet opening, a film-like, flat lamella evaporator between the evaporator air inlet opening and the evaporator air outlet opening and an evaporator collecting tray into which non-evaporated evaporation water drips. Evaporation water at a first temperature flows over a surface of the lamella evaporator.

The system for water treatment and desalination further has a condenser which has the following: a condenser air inlet opening, a condenser air outlet opening which is fluidly connected to the evaporator air outlet opening, a flat film condenser between the condenser air inlet opening and the condenser air outlet opening and a condensate collecting tray into which water condensed on the film condenser flows . Cooling water of a second temperature flows through the film condenser, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature and the system from the evaporator air inlet opening to the condenser air outlet opening air flows through it. Water is absorbed from the air flow in the evaporator, and water from the air flow is condensed in the condenser on a surface of the film condenser.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for operating a water treatment and desalination system is presented. The process includes providing the above-mentioned system for water treatment and desalination and also has a number of activities that can be carried out at least partially in parallel: (i) continuously filling the evaporator collecting tray with impure water up to a predefined level, (ii) pumping the impure water from the evaporator collecting tray to the film-like, flat finned evaporator, so that the impure water of the first temperature runs over surfaces of the film-like, flat finned evaporator, (iii) generating a circulating air flow through the evaporator, the condenser and back to the evaporator air inlet opening, and (iv) passing it through of the cooling water through the flat film capacitor, the cooling water having the second temperature, which is lower than the first temperature. This allows water to evaporate on the surfaces of the film-like, flat finned evaporator and condense as pure water on the surfaces of the condenser and drip into the condensate collecting tray.

The proposed system for water treatment and desalination has several advantages and technical effects that can also apply accordingly to the associated process:

One of the advantages of the proposed system is that it can be easily used for water treatment in regions of the world where there is little technical infrastructure but good solar radiation. Since a majority of the components of the system consist of plastic films or similar film-like elements, these elements are easy to pack and transport in a disassembled state. This also makes it possible to store all the necessary components on a Euro pallet. The frame can consist of tubes that can be inserted into one another. Other components, such as the main plates for the evaporator, the condenser or the side walls, can also be pushed into one another using a special mechanism. The entire assembly can be carried out largely without tools, but especially without special tools. In addition, dismantling is also possible without the use of large tools, meaning that the system can be easily transported to another location.

The necessary power supply can be provided via solar cells on the top of a cover or a film-like cover. The electricity generated can be used to operate the system's pumps and fans.

It is also possible to obtain the water required for the evaporator from surface water of a nearby sea or lake. This surface water has a higher temperature than the water in deeper layers of the body of water. So that the water that reaches the evaporator has the highest possible temperature, it can be heated using solar thermal energy outside the shell of the water treatment and desalination system; Nevertheless, required solar panels can also be part of the system. The collectors can, for example - but not necessarily - also be supported by the framework above the film-like cover or shell in order to enable the most compact design possible.

This deep water of the second, i.e. lower, temperature can flow through the film capacitor. As an alternative to the deep water of a body of water, groundwater could also be used, as it usually has a low temperature.

The water that is collected in the condensate collection tray can be used either as drinking water or as useful water for irrigating fields or for other production purposes.

In this way, an autonomous system for water treatment is created, which can also be operated by less technically trained personnel. The manufacturing costs, transport costs, construction costs and operating costs are significantly lower compared to known industrial water treatment systems. In addition to operating in areas close to the shore of a sea or a lake, operating on a ship, a natural or artificial island, such as those used in aqua farming, is also easily possible.

Because the temperature of the water used on the evaporator side is significantly below 100 °C - for example in the order of approx. 60 °C or lower, for example lower than 55 °C - the energy requirements of the system presented are significantly lower than at known high temperatures -Water treatment plants. The system presented here is based on the principle of evaporation in an evaporator and not on evaporation. This - and the fact that the system can be operated with practically no pressure - also reduces the risk of accidents, especially for personnel with little technical training. In addition, the comparatively low temperature in the evaporator prevents lime, minerals or other deposits from settling on the evaporator and/or other components of the system. This means that necessary maintenance intervals can be set generously.

In addition, it has proven to be advantageous that the interior of the system is practically thermally separated from the environment outside the film-like envelope. The external atmospheric conditions and the internal atmospheric conditions of the system are virtually decoupled. For this purpose, it proves to be advantageous to provide the inside of the film-like or fabric-like casing with thermal insulation so that the atmospheric conditions inside the system are as consistent as possible. An opaque cover can also ensure that the interior of the system remains dark, so that practically no or only little thermal radiation has a negative impact on the interior of the system.

In addition, solid recycled plastics can be used for virtually all non-film-like elements - with the exception of electrical and electronic components. This is also possible because no high-pressure pipes are required.

In addition, the elements of the proposed system are cascadable. Although reference is made in the present description to evaporators and condensers of virtually the same dimensions, their dimensions can easily be individually adjusted (e.g. longer or shorter while maintaining interface parameters between them). Alternatively, e.g. evaporators or condensers of the same size can be positioned one behind the other below a common outer shell in order to enable higher efficiency, e.g. at lower temperatures or smaller temperature differences between the evaporator(s) and condenser(s). In this way, the proposed system can be optimally adapted to different atmospheric conditions at different locations or seasons.

Further exemplary embodiments are described below.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the system, the evaporator can further have a front evaporator wall and a rear evaporator wall. These can, but do not have to be, parallel to each other. In the case of parallelism, the front evaporator wall is parallel and spaced opposite the rear evaporator wall.

The system can also have an upper evaporator main plate, which can connect to the upper ends of the front and rear evaporator walls. In addition, the evaporator collecting tray can be connected at its front upper edge to a lower part - i.e. lower end - of the front evaporator chamber wall, and the rear upper edge of the evaporator collecting tray can be connected to a lower part of the rear evaporator wall - in particular its lower end.

Because of the weight of the evaporator collecting tray filled with water, it would be advantageous if an underside of the evaporator collecting tray defines a lowest level of the system. If the natural ground beneath the system is uneven (or in other circumstances), it would also be conceivable to place the evaporator drip tray on some kind of platform to ensure that the evaporator drip tray is horizontal. Alternative constructions are also conceivable for this. Fastening the evaporator walls could possibly be omitted if the lower ends of the front evaporator wall and the rear evaporator wall rest on the front and rear walls within the evaporator collecting tray on their front and rear outer walls; Weights or magnets at lower ends of the front evaporator wall and the rear evaporator wall could prevent them from being pushed outwardly out of the evaporator drip tray by the airflow in the evaporator.

It can also be advantageous for a lower end of the lamella evaporator to end relatively close to the evaporator collecting tray. It would also be possible to immerse the ends of the finned evaporator in the evaporator collecting tray - ie in the water there. This could - with appropriate When the water level is right - immerse the lower ends of the finned evaporator in the water in the evaporator collecting tray, which would allow the finned evaporators to hang more calmly in the air flow.

Typically, the evaporator air inlet opening can lie between the evaporator main plate, the front and rear evaporator walls and the evaporator collecting tray and thus form a - not necessarily - rectangular arrangement. Accordingly, the evaporator air outlet opening can lie between the evaporator main plate, the front and rear evaporator walls and the evaporator collecting tray and thus form a - not necessarily - rectangular arrangement. Advantageously, the evaporator air inlet opening and the evaporator air outlet opening are opposite each other; and advantageously they are also the same size. In one embodiment, the respective main panels and the respective rear and front walls touch to form a common air duct. In addition, a fan - possibly several - can also be provided at the interface between the evaporator and condenser in order to enable the most uniform and powerful air flow possible from the evaporator into the condenser. In a particular embodiment, the evaporator and the condenser can form an angle to one another. The resulting gap could be closed with an additional film to optimize airflow through both main components.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the system, the capacitor has a front capacitor wall and a rear capacitor wall, which should be spaced apart - optimally parallel, but not necessarily - opposite one another. In addition, the capacitor has a capacitor main plate which can connect to the upper ends of the front and rear capacitor walls. The condensate collecting tray can be connected to a lower part of the front condenser chamber wall, and the condensate collecting tray can be connected to a lower part of the rear condenser wall - in each case to the lower ends of the walls. Alternative designs for the condensate collecting tray can be found analogously to the description of the evaporator collecting tray in the evaporator. The condensate drip tray can also be placed on a stand to ensure that air exiting the condenser passes below the condensate drip tray to the feed-through tubes and warm-up tubes of the evaporator drip tray.

In symmetry with the evaporator, the condenser air inlet opening can lie between the main condenser plate, the front and rear condenser walls and the condensate collecting tray and form a rectangle. The condenser air outlet opening can accordingly also be located between the main condenser plate, the front and rear condenser walls and the condensate collecting tray. Typically, the condenser air inlet opening and the condenser air outlet opening are virtually parallel - but not necessarily - opposite one another.

According to a supplementary advantageous embodiment, the system can have a tubular overflow rail, which has an overflow slot along its upper side, and at the lower end of which an evaporation film can extend towards the evaporator collecting tray. The tubular overflow rail can, for example, be hung at its ends on holding devices on the evaporator main plate. A film-like evaporation element can be connected to the lower side of the tubular overflow rail. In addition, the tubular overflow rail can have a cover cap which extends along the upper opening of the overflow rail and ensures that only a thin film of water forms on the surface of the overflow rail, which seamlessly passes over surfaces of the film-like evaporation element.

According to an elegant embodiment of the system, the tubular overflow rail can have an end cap with a water inlet connection at one end. Water from the evaporator collecting tray can be pumped into this opening. A simple end cap can be provided at another opposite end of the tubular overflow rail. A hanging device can be integrated or attached in the water inlet connection and the end cap, so that the tubular overflow rail can be easily and removably hung on the evaporator main plate.

According to an additional embodiment of the system, the tubular overflow rail can be shaped on its longitudinal outer sides in such a way that water, which exits the tubular overflow rail via the overflow slot - which can have rounded exit edges that ensure the most laminar flow possible - via the outside of the pipe-like overflow rail and the evaporation film runs. Opposite outer sides of the lower end of the overflow rail can taper along its extent and have a slot at a distal end for receiving the evaporation film. A perforated plate along the extent of the overflow rail can be installed inside the Overflow rail serves as a turbulence brake, so that a laminar outflow of water is supported in the same way as by the cover cap (see below).

According to a further embodiment of the system, this can have a fluid connection between the interior of the evaporator collecting tray to the water inlet connection of the end cap of the overflow rail, so that excess (evaporation) water from the evaporator collecting tray can be pumped via the water inlet connection into the overflow rail of the lamella evaporator. The pump can be operated with solar power.

Furthermore, it would be advantageous if the warm water in the evaporator collecting tray were continuously renewed. A water inlet connection and a water outlet connection should be provided on the evaporator drip tray. This can prevent the salt concentration and/or other impurities from continually increasing.

According to an expanded embodiment of the system, the film capacitor can be attached to an underside of the capacitor main plate and extend towards the condensate collecting tray; and the film capacitor, which is sheet-shaped and hollow, may have an inlet port and an outlet port. This means that water at the second temperature can flow through the film capacitor. Several film capacitors can be cascaded through respective inlet connections and outlet connections, so that only one inlet and one outlet would be required on the outside. Inlet connections can typically be located in the upper area of the film capacitor; Outlet connections are typically located in the lower area of the film capacitor(s).

According to a useful embodiment of the system, at least one of the inlet connection and the outlet connection can have: a connection pipe, on which two spacer rings are attached at a distance from one another, which are firmly connected - in particular watertight - to flat side elements of the film capacitor, the connection pipe being between at least one spacer ring Opening may have. This allows water, which is introduced through the connecting pipe, to flow into (or out of) the hollow film capacitor.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the system, the evaporator collecting tray can have a heating device for heating a liquid in the evaporator tray. This can be done by the warm air that flows through the pipes of the evaporator collecting tray or by an electrical heat source (e.g. immersion heater), which is powered by excess electricity from the solar cells.

In principle, however, the water that flows over the finned evaporator - i.e. also the water in the collecting tray - should already be at a suitable temperature. This can be achieved, for example, by the water introduced into the system having previously passed through a possibly simple solar thermal system or simpler thermal collectors.

According to a more developed embodiment of the system, the heating device may comprise a tube (at least one) extending from one wall of the evaporator collecting tray to another. The air passed through from the air circuit can optionally be passed through the pipe(s) surrounded by water using a fan and, due to the higher temperature of the water in the evaporator collecting tray, heat up before it reaches the interior of the evaporator reached at its entrance side. It would also be advantageous if the pipes were made of a material that conducts heat well, for example metal, especially copper. It would also be conceivable to provide heat transfer fins in the air flow so that the air flowing through would be exposed to a larger surface area.

According to an additional, more developed, embodiment of the system, there may be a fan (at least one) between the evaporator and the condenser, which conveys air from the evaporator into the condenser and thus maintains the air circulation flow. Several fans can be provided in a fan panel between the evaporator and the condenser.

According to a further useful embodiment of the system, the evaporator and the condenser can be enclosed together by an outer shell on at least five sides. An outer shell is not required on the ground on which the system sits, but is still possible. In addition, the upper side of the casing can be dispensed with if the respective main plates can instead ensure a reasonably secure seal at the top.

According to an additionally useful embodiment of the system, the evaporator main plate and/or the condenser main plate can be suspended together on a basic structure. As a result, the evaporator and the condenser do not have to be self-supporting and can be implemented in a lightweight construction with flexible film walls.

Further embodiments are certainly possible, for example one in which the film capacitor does not consist of a large chamber, but rather the two film-side outer walls are glued together in such a way that a meander-shaped flow structure is formed within the film capacitor.

In addition, the suspension of the film capacitors, several of which can be provided in the capacitor, can be suspended from round grooves on the underside of the capacitor main plate.

Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the outer shell of the system, which surrounds it on at least five sides (front, back, right, left and top), may consist of a film-like material or a fabric-like material or a combination thereof. The outer shell should have a thermal insulation layer on the inside, e.g. in the form of a silver coating, a Mylar film, a bubble wrap, a Styrofoam or rigid foam layer or comparable heat-insulating materials or a combination thereof. In this way, the outside atmosphere can be largely decoupled from the inside atmosphere and it can be ensured that it remains dark inside the system and that practically no or only little thermal radiation penetrates from outside. To do this, the outer shell should extend to the floor on which the system stands and be fixed here if possible. In addition, side walls that are opposite the side walls of the evaporator and the condenser should fit as closely as possible to them. This ensures that the main air flow runs through the evaporator and the condenser and from there back through the tubes in the evaporator collecting tray to the entrance to the evaporator.

Overview of the characters

It should be noted that embodiments of the invention may be described with reference to different implementation categories. In particular, some embodiments are described in relation to a method, while other embodiments may be described in the context of corresponding devices. Regardless of this, it is possible for a person skilled in the art to recognize and combine possible combinations of the features of the method as well as possible combinations of features with the corresponding system from the description above and below - unless otherwise indicated - even if they belong to different claim categories.

Aspects already described above as well as additional aspects of the present invention result, among other things, from the exemplary embodiments described and from the additional specific embodiments described with reference to the figures.

• 1 stellt ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Systems zur Wasseraufbereitung und Entsalzung dar.
• 2 stellt die Komponenten von 1 teilumschlossen mit einem Gehäuse dar.
• 3 zeigt eine Querschnittsansicht des Systems mit Gehäuse.
• 4 zeigt die Verdunsterhauptplatte von unten.
• 5 zeigt ein Beispiel für eine rohrartige Überlaufschiene.
• 6 zeigt ein weiteres Detailbild der rohrartigen Überlaufschiene 502 mit der Verdunsterhauptplatte.
• 7 zeigt die horizontal verlaufende Lochplatte mit einer linken und rechten Nut im Innern der rohrartigen Überlaufschiene.
• 8 zeigt den Wassereintrittsanschluss an die rohrartige Überlaufschiene sowie eine Ausstülpung.
• 9 zeigt nochmals ein Einzelbild des Verdunsters mit der Verdunsterhauptplatte, die an dem Gestell über die Aufhängungen befestigt ist
• 10 zeigt eine Darstellung aus Blickrichtung der Luftaustrittsöffnung des Verdunsters, d.h. quasi aus dem Kondensator in den Verdunster ohne dazwischenliegende Ventilatoren.
• 11 zeigt die Oberseite der Kondensatorhauptplatte sowie einen Teil des Gestells und einer Aufhängung.
• 12 zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines Folienkondensators.
• 13 zeigt den Folienkondensator mit jeweils einem Wasseranschluss an seinem oberen und seinem unteren Ende.
• 14 zeigt einen Wasseranschluss für einen doppelwandigen Folien-Kondensator.
• 15 zeigt eine Seitenansicht des Wasseranschlusses.
• 16 zeigt die Kondensatauffangschale.
• 17 zeigt den Auslauf der Kondensatauffangschale.
• 18 zeigt eine Seitenansicht der Kondensatauffangschale mit dem Auslauf.
• 19 zeigt eine Trennwand zwischen dem Verdunster und dem Kondensator mit Ventilator(en) zur Aufrechterhaltung des Luftstromes zwischen dem Verdunster und dem Kondensator.
• 20 zeigt eine Ansicht der Verdunsterauffangschale mit durch sie hindurchgehenden Lüftungsrohren und Ventilatoren in den Lüftungsrohren.
• 21 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Endbereiches der rohrartigen Überlaufschiene ohne Abschlusskappe.
• 22 zeigt eine Schnittansicht der rohrartigen Überlaufschiene mit Abdeckkappe.
• 23 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht der Abdeckkappe.
• 24 zeigt eine flussdiagrammartige Darstellung von Aktivitäten des Verfahrens für einen Betrieb eines Systems zur Wasseraufbereitung und Entsalzung.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described by way of example and with reference to the following figures:

• 1 represents an exemplary embodiment of the system according to the invention for water treatment and desalination.
• 2 represents the components of 1 partially enclosed with a housing.
• 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the system with housing.
• 4 shows the evaporator main plate from below.
• 5 shows an example of a tubular overflow rail.
• 6 shows another detailed image of the tubular overflow rail 502 with the evaporator main plate.
• 7 shows the horizontal perforated plate with a left and right groove inside the tubular overflow rail.
• 8th shows the water inlet connection to the tubular overflow rail and a protuberance.
• 9 shows another individual picture of the evaporator with the evaporator main plate, which is attached to the frame via the suspensions
• 10 shows a view from the direction of the air outlet opening of the evaporator, ie from the condenser into the evaporator without any fans in between.
• 11 shows the top of the capacitor main plate as well as part of the frame and a suspension.
• 12 shows a section of a film capacitor.
• 13 shows the film capacitor with a water connection at its upper and lower end.
• 14 shows a water connection for a double-walled film capacitor.
• 15 shows a side view of the water connection.
• 16 shows the condensate drip tray.
• 17 shows the outlet of the condensate drip tray.
• 18 shows a side view of the condensate drip tray with the outlet.
• 19 shows a partition between the evaporator and the condenser with fan(s) to maintain air flow between the evaporator and the condenser.
• 20 shows a view of the evaporator collecting tray with ventilation pipes passing through it and fans in the ventilation pipes.
• 21 shows a perspective view of an end region of the tubular overflow rail without an end cap.
• 22 shows a sectional view of the tubular overflow rail with cover cap.
• 23 shows a perspective view of the cover cap.
• 24 shows a flowchart-like representation of activities of the process for operating a water treatment and desalination system.

Detailed character description

In the context of this description, conventions, terms and/or expressions should be understood as follows:

The term 'evaporator' describes an essentially air duct-like device that is closed on four sides: at the top by the evaporator main plate, by two opposing side walls and at the bottom by the evaporator collecting tray. Attached to the evaporator main plate are tube-like overflow rails (at least one), which are open at the top and are continuously flooded with water and over the outside of which the water flows towards a film-like flat element, over the surfaces of which it runs towards the evaporator collecting tray. Due to the air flow that flows through the evaporator, water is absorbed by the air flowing through it from the surfaces of the finned evaporator based on the evaporation effect.

The term 'film-like flat lamella evaporator' describes an element made of a flexible film, which extends from the lower end of the tube-like overflow rail towards the evaporator collecting tray.

In comparison to the second temperature, the term 'first temperature' describes a temperature value that is higher than the temperature value of the second temperature.

The term 'evaporator drip tray' describes a waterproof, open-topped tray. Side walls of the evaporator extend away from the shell from the upper edges of two opposing side walls of this shell.

The term 'condenser' describes an essentially air duct-like device that is closed on four sides: at the top by the condenser main plate, by two opposing side walls and at the bottom by the condensate collecting tray. The inlet opening of the condenser approximately corresponds to the size and geometry of an outlet opening of the evaporator. The exit opening of the evaporator can be directly coupled to the input opening of the capacitor. This also makes it possible to design the side walls of the evaporator and the condenser in one piece.

There may be a fan panel between the output of the evaporator and the input of the condenser. It should be expressly pointed out that this is not a capacitor from the field of electrical engineering. Rather, the capacitor forms the mechanical basis for condensing water from an air stream.

The term 'flat film capacitor' describes a double-walled, flexible film-like element, which has a water connection in the upper area and in the lower area, for example. Typically, cooling water flows into the top port of the film capacitor and out of the bottom port. Clean water can condense on an outer surface of the flat film capacitor from an air stream that flows around the flat film capacitor, has air humidity and has a higher temperature than the flat film capacitor.

The term 'second temperature' describes a temperature value that is lower than a first temperature value.

The term 'condensate collection tray' describes a typically rectangular tray with a deepest point when it is suspended horizontally - for example on the side walls of the condenser. At the lowest point there can also be an outlet opening from which condensed water that has collected in the condensate collecting tray can flow out or be pumped out.

The term 'evaporator main plate' describes an upper boundary of the evaporator, from whose two opposite sides the side walls of the evaporator extend towards the evaporator collecting tray.

The term 'capacitor main plate' describes an upper boundary of the condenser, from whose two opposite sides side walls of the condenser extend towards the condensate collecting tray.

The term 'pipe-like overflow rail' describes a part of the evaporator or an upper part of the finned evaporator. The overflow rail is open at the top, so that water introduced into the overflow rail can flow in a controlled manner over external surfaces of the overflow rail in order to then reach surfaces of film-like elements of the lamella evaporator and then evaporate from there. Excess water flows back into the evaporator drip tray.

A detailed description of the figures is given below. It goes without saying that all details and instructions are shown schematically in the figures. First, a flowchart-like representation of an exemplary embodiment of the system according to the invention for water treatment and desalination is shown. Further exemplary embodiments or exemplary embodiments for the corresponding system are described below:

1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of internal components of the water treatment and desalination system 100. The system includes an evaporator 102 and a condenser 104. The evaporator 102, which is generally on the left side of 1 can be located, has an evaporator air inlet opening 104 and an evaporator air outlet opening, which is typically but not necessarily opposite the evaporator air inlet opening 106. The evaporator air inlet opening 104 and the evaporator air outlet opening can also be arranged at an angle to one another. However, they should be spatially separated from each other.

The evaporator 102 further has a film-like flat lamella evaporator 106 - in particular at least typically a plurality of them - between the evaporator air inlet opening 106 and the evaporator air outlet opening (opposite but not visible in this illustration of the air inlet opening 106), with evaporation water (not shown) over the surfaces of the lamella evaporator 106 ) of a first (higher) temperature.

The evaporator 102 also has an evaporator collecting tray 110, into which non-evaporated - i.e. excess - evaporation water (not shown) drips or runs down from the lower ends of the one or more lamella evaporators 106.

The system 100 further includes the capacitor 104, which is designed as a condenser chamber located on the right side of the 1 can be located. The condenser 104 has a condenser air inlet opening (not visible, but adjacent to the evaporator air outlet opening) and a condenser air outlet opening 112 hidden on the right side of 1 on. The condenser air outlet opening 112 is fluidly connected to the evaporator air outlet opening through the condenser chamber.

Furthermore, the capacitor 104 has a flat film capacitor (not visible here and typically a plurality of them) between the condenser air inlet opening and the condenser air outlet opening 112. In addition, cooling water (not shown) of a second temperature flows through the film capacitor, which is hollow, also made of film and is located within the capacitor 104, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature.

In addition, the capacitor 104 has a condensate collecting tray 114 into which water that condenses on the film capacitor - in particular from its lower end - runs down.

Air flows through the system from the evaporator air inlet opening 104 to the condenser air outlet opening 112, with water being absorbed from the air flow in the evaporator 102, and with water from the air flow condensing in the condenser 104 on the surface of the film condenser.

It should be noted that the system is operated with evaporated and therefore not vaporous water, which is typically generated by heating or heating above the boiling point. This means that the first temperature is below the boiling point of water. The first temperature can, for example, be the temperature of the surface water of a body of water (e.g. sea, lake), while the second temperature can be significantly cooler deep water of the body of water (e.g. sea). Of course, it is also possible to heat the water at the first temperature, for example using solar thermal energy - e.g. flowing through solar collectors or using alternative methods. The higher the temperature difference between the first and second temperatures, the higher the efficiency of the system presented here.

1 allows further details to be clearly seen. This includes the support frame or frame 120, which supports the entire structure. The evaporator main plate 122 and the condenser main plate 124 are suspended on the frame 120 by means of the suspensions 126. An electronic control 128 for monitoring the system can be located on the evaporator main plate 122 and/or the condenser main plate 124. It can be powered by electricity from solar cells (cf. 2 ) operate.

Furthermore, one can see the front evaporator wall 116, which is attached at an upper end to the evaporator main plate 122 and at a lower end to an upper edge of the evaporator collecting tray 110. The same applies to the rear evaporator wall 118. Corresponding walls with corresponding stop points are provided for the condenser 104, namely a front condenser wall 130 and a rear condenser wall (hidden in this illustration).

Also visible is an air outlet opening 132 of a ventilation pipe 134, which extends through the evaporator collecting tray 110. The first pump 136 can, for example, be provided at this point in order to supply the lamella evaporators 108 with water from the evaporator collecting tray 110. The second pump 138 may provide pumping of second temperature cooling water through the film capacitors (not visible) at the location shown or elsewhere. The second pump 138 (shown as an example with upper hose connections) can also be coupled to a heat exchanger. In this way, for example, salt water (or dirty water) from deep/deeper layers of the water or groundwater would not have to flow through the film capacitors, which benefits the longevity of the system.

2 represents the components of 1 partially enclosed with the housing 200. In real operation, the housing would be closed around the system on at least five sides (front, back, left, right and top) to prevent air from escaping. The section 202 of the evaporator and the section 204 of the condenser as well as parts of the frame 120 are clearly visible. This frame 120 supports the entire housing 200, which is constructed according to 1 encloses the outside and ends with the floor (without reference number) on which the system with the housing 200 stands. One can see the left outer wall 206, the right outer wall 208 and an upper cover 212, which can be provided with solar cells 214, for example, in order to supply the control units of the system - for example for the pumps and the fans - with power. The upper edge of the top cover 212 adjoins the rear edge 216 rear outer wall (not visible as it is covered). A front exterior wall is not shown but would extend between the left exterior wall 206, the right exterior wall 208, the top cover 212 and the floor. In this way, the air flow described above is kept within the housing 200 and completely shielded from the outside.

The housing advantageously consists of a film-like outer skin or a fabric-like material (or a combination thereof), each of which has thermal insulation on the inside. For example, a silver or Mylar coating can be provided. Alternatively, a bubble wrap or polystyrene, rigid foam or other thermal insulation can be provided on the inside of the film-like outer skin or the fabric-like material. The advantage here is that the external atmospheric conditions of the system are separated from the internal atmospheric conditions as well as possible and then it is as dark as possible inside in order to prevent disruptive heat radiation caused by the sun. To do this, the film-like outer shell should enclose the system as a whole and extend to a final level - e.g. the load-bearing floor - and be finally fixed here.

3 shows a cross-sectional view 300 of the system with housing 200. You can see the top cover 212, the left outer wall 206, the right outer wall 208 and parts of the frame 120. You can also see the evaporator main plate 122 and the condenser main plate 124, which are approximately in the middle of the Systems can collide with each other. In addition, a tube-like overflow rail 302 can be seen in an upper section of the evaporator area 202, on which a film-like lamella evaporator 108 hangs. A film capacitor 304 with a cooling water inlet 306 and a cooling water outlet 308 can be seen in the capacitor section 204.

At least the ventilation pipe 134 can extend through the evaporator collecting tray 110, the air outlet opening 132 of which is directed towards an area in front of the evaporator air inlet opening 106. Fans 310 (typically at least one) between the evaporator air outlet opening 312 and the adjoining condenser air inlet opening 314 suck in air that has passed through the finned evaporator(s) 108 and thus has a high level of humidity in order to be directed into the condenser 104 or the condenser chamber. Here the air passes through the hollow film capacitor(s) 304 on its outer sides, water of the second (lower) temperature flowing through the film capacitors 304, so that water condenses on the outer sides of the film capacitors 304, runs down the film capacitors 304 and from their lower edge the condenser collecting tray 114 drips or runs. Additional fans can be provided for better airflow in this.

So that the air reaches the high humidity in the evaporator section 202, warm water of the first (higher) temperature is directed or pumped into the tubular overflow rail 302, via the upper overflow of which the water emerges from the tubular overflow rail, over the outer walls of the tubular overflow rail 302 flows and finally flows over the two flat surfaces of the lamella evaporators 108. The water of the first temperature can be conveyed into the overflow channel by means of the first pump 136.

This results in an air flow 316 or air circuit 316 (represented by the dashed arrows) which passes through the evaporator 102, the condenser 104, the right outer area 317, below the condenser collecting tray 114, through the ventilation pipes 134 into the antechamber 318 of the evaporator section 202 runs back into the evaporator 102. For this purpose, a further fan 320 can also be provided inside or outside the ventilation pipe 134. This structure ensures that the air flow 316 in the evaporator 102 absorbs air moisture from, for example, dirty water or salt water and releases it again in the condenser 104 as process water or drinking water. This industrial or drinking water can then be passed or pumped to tanks through an outlet (see below) in the condensate collecting tray 114.

4 A representation 400 shows the evaporator main plate 122 from below. This is suspended via the suspension 126 on pipes of the frame 120. Clearly visible on the left side - corresponding to the evaporator air inlet opening 106 (in perspective at the back 4 ) - and a right side - corresponding to the evaporator air outlet opening 312 - hanging devices 402 with hook-like designs are provided on the evaporator main plate 122. The tubular overflow rails can be hung on these suspension devices 402 (described further below). The recognizable several suspension devices 402 serve to accommodate a plurality of tubular overflow rails.

5 shows an example 500 for a suspended tubular overflow rail 502. The tubular overflow rail 502 is closed at its ends with end plates 504. The end plates 504 have an upward extension, on which there are protuberances 506, which can be hooked into the suspension devices 402 at a respective end of the tubular overflow rail 502. For better understanding of the in 4 The direction of the air flow 508 is shown on the left and right sides or evaporator air inlet opening 106 and evaporator air outlet opening 312. In addition, a lamella evaporator 108 can be seen at the lower end of the tubular overflow rail 502. This consists, for example, of a film that wraps around a rod or a thin tube at the upper end, which can be inserted into an opening groove 512. This fastening principle is used in several places on the item presented here. Another such groove 512 is on the left side of 5 - can be seen on the side of the front evaporator wall 116. Here, the front evaporator wall 116, which also consists of a (plastic) film, for example, can be attached. With a comparable construction, it can also be attached to an upper edge of the evaporator collecting tray 110. The same applies to the other side walls of the evaporator (ie rear evaporator wall 118, front condenser wall, rear condenser wall). Furthermore, the tubular overflow rail 502 has a water inlet connection 510.

6 shows a further detailed image 600 of the tubular overflow rail 502 with the evaporator main plate 122. In this illustration, the front cover of the tubular overflow rail 502 is not shown and a cross section through the tubular overflow rail 502 can be seen. It is hollow on the inside and can be, for example, horizontal have a running perforated plate, which calms the water (not shown) flowing in through the water inlet connection 510 before it emerges from an upper slot in the tubular overflow rail 502, so that the most laminar flow possible over a surface of the tubular overflow rail 502 is created.

This becomes even clearer in 7 recognizable. The horizontal perforated plate 702 is now clearly visible. It can be inserted into a left and right groove inside the tubular overflow rail 502. In addition, the edges 706 of the slot 704 of the tubular overflow rail 502 can be rounded, so that a uniform laminar water flow results on the outside 708 of the tubular overflow rail 502 over its entire length. The harmoniously, symmetrically tapered lower end 712 of the tubular overflow rail 502 also ensures that the uniform laminar water flow extends seamlessly from the outside 708 of the tubular overflow rail 502 onto the film 710 of the lamella evaporator 108.

8th shows the water inlet connection 510 to the tubular overflow rail 502 and the protuberance 506. The water inlet connections 510 of adjacent tubular overflow rails 502 can be connected to a connecting pipe (not shown) so that all tubular overflow rails 502 are evenly supplied with water. This can be accomplished by the first pump from the evaporator collecting tray 110.

9 shows again an individual image of a perspective view 900 of the evaporator 102 with the evaporator main plate 122, which is attached to the frame 120 via the suspensions 126. Below the front evaporator wall 116 is the evaporator collecting tray 110, from which one or more ventilation pipes 134 emerge to generate an air flow along the foils of the finned evaporator 108 and between the rear evaporator wall 118, the front evaporator wall 116, the evaporator main plate 122 and the evaporator collecting tray 110 .

10 shows a representation 1000 from the viewing direction of the air outlet opening of the evaporator 102, ie from the condenser. In this illustration, the fans at the entrance to the ventilation pipes, which extend through the evaporator collecting tray 110, can also be seen. In this example, for example, seven hanging lamella evaporators 108 are shown between the front evaporator wall 116 and the rear evaporator wall 118.

11 shows a section 1100 of the top of the capacitor main plate 124 as well as part of the frame 120 and a suspension 126. The capacitor main plate 124 also has tubular receiving elements 1102 on the underside of the capacitor main plate 124. The receiving elements 1102 have outwardly directed slots that expand in a circle inside the capacitor main plate 124. The film capacitors can be hung on these receiving elements 1102.

12 shows a section 1200 of a film capacitor 304. This is double-walled and has a tubular thickening 1202 at the upper end, with which it can be inserted into a receiving element 1102 of the capacitor main plate 124. An upper water connection 1204 can also be seen on the film capacitor 304. The film capacitor 304 has, for example, a water connection 1204, 1302 at its upper end and at its lower end. This is in 13 shown with reference number 1300.

14 shows a water connection 1400 for a double-walled film capacitor 304. The water connection 1400 has a water inlet connection 1402 and a water outlet 1404, each of which is designed like a tube. For connection to the two walls of the film capacitor, the water connection 1400 has two annular elements 1406, each of which is connected watertight to one side of the double-walled film capacitor 304.

15 shows a side view 1500 of the water connection 1400. Here you can see between the two annular elements 1406 that the pipe of the water connection 1400 has a plurality of openings 1502 between the two annular elements 1406. In addition, sections of the two walls 1504 of the double-walled film capacitor 304 are shown. The plurality of openings 1502 serve to flood the double-walled film capacitor 304 with water at the upper end and to empty it again at the lower ends of the double-walled film capacitor 304. The water connections 1400 are designed so that they can be connected to one another in series, so that water that flows into a first water connection 1400 both flows into the associated double-walled film capacitor 304 and also supplies the next, adjoining double-walled film capacitors 304 with water can. The same procedure is followed at the lower end of the double-walled film capacitor 304. Here too, the water connections 1400 can be cascaded so that the double-walled film capacitors 304 through which water flows can be filled and emptied in parallel. In this way, a constant flow of water of the second cooler temperature can flow through the double-walled film capacitors 304, so that air moisture which is in an air stream of higher temperature than the water of the double-walled film capacitors 304, which flows around the double-walled film capacitors 304, condenses and in the condensate collecting tray 114 from 16 can be caught. An outlet pipe 1702 is shown 1700 in 17 recognizable. 18 shows a perspective view 1600 of the condenser collecting tray 114 and that the outlet pipe 1702 is provided at a lowest point of the condenser collecting tray 114. You can also recognize in 17 that on two upper edges (one shown as an example) receiving elements 1704 are provided for the lower ends of the capacitor side walls, into which the capacitor side walls (or distal thickenings thereof) can be inserted.

19 shows a partition 1900 between the evaporator and the condenser with fan(s) 1902 to maintain airflow between the evaporator and the condenser. You can also see that the vertical side walls extend from the main plate (evaporator main plate 122 or condenser plate 124) to the respective collecting tray (bottom, without reference number; evaporator on collecting tray or condensate collecting tray). Similar fan panels can also be added at the inlet of the evaporator and at the outlet of the condenser.

20 shows a view 2000 of the evaporator collecting tray 110 with ventilation pipes 134 passing through it and fans 320 in the ventilation pipes 134. Not shown are an inlet and an outlet on the evaporator collecting tray 110, through which fresh salty or contaminated, if possible preheated, warm water are supplied and water with an increased level of pollution (because the pollution does not evaporate). The water in the evaporator collecting tray can then be replenished or replenished regularly or continuously.

21 shows a detailed view 2100 of the attached cover cap 2102, a cover cap 2102 on the overflow rail 502, the perforated plate 710 already discussed above and the film 710 of the lamellar evaporator 108 hanging below. Typically, the perforated plate 710 would extend to the front edge of the overflow rail 502.

22 again shows a sectional view 2200 of the overflow rail 502 with an attached cover cap or cover rail 2102, which extends virtually completely along the overflow rail 502. The water emerging from the overflow rail 502 at the top of the slot 704 flows through the channel 2202, which forms on both sides of the overflow rail 502 under the cover rail 2102, to flow over the Surface of the overflow rail 502 to flow laminarly towards the surface of the film 704 of the lamella evaporator 108.

23 shows a perspective view 2300 of the cover cap or cover rail 2102. You can also see inside the cover cap or cover rail 2102 parallel webs 2302 along the inside of the cover cap or cover rail 2102. They support the laminar flow of the overflowing water in the channel 2204, so that as much as possible to enable uniform wetting of the foils 710 so that the water can evaporate as well as possible.

24 shows a flowchart-like representation of activities of the method 2400 for operating a water treatment and desalination system. For this purpose, the system for water treatment and desalination - as described above - is first provided, 2402. The system can exist in a wide range of dimensions. Nevertheless, an order of magnitude of 2-3 m ³ seems particularly advantageous for transport, since all components can then be transported on one or two Euro pallets - particularly due to the lightweight construction with practically exclusive use of foil (with a few exceptions).

The method 2400 then includes, for example, continuous filling, 2404, of the evaporator collecting tray with impure water - for example brackish, salt or other dirty water - up to a predefined level. The level and activity of associated pumps can be controlled via the control unit mentioned above.

The method 2400 further comprises pumping, 2406, the impure water from the evaporator collecting tray to the film-like flat fin evaporator - in particular via the tube-like overflow rail - so that the impure water of the first temperature runs over surfaces of the film-like flat fin evaporator and evaporates there. Non-evaporated, i.e. excess, impure water flows back into the evaporator collecting tray located under the finned evaporator. It would be beneficial to clean the evaporator drip tray from time to time.

Furthermore, the method 2400 includes generating, 2408, a circulating air flow through the evaporator, the condenser and back to the evaporator air inlet opening. In this way, air that has absorbed atmospheric moisture in the evaporator is directed to the film condensers, where the water from the air can condense again. The air can also be at a higher temperature than the first temperature because the air around the system's interior can be further heated by sunlight.

In addition, the method 2400 has an introduction 2410 or passage of cooling water through the flat film capacitor, the cooling water having the second temperature, which is lower than the first temperature. This creates the prerequisite for the water to condense from the air flow. Consequently, water evaporates on the surfaces of the film-like flat fin evaporator and condenses on the surfaces of the condenser as pure water. Finally, it drips from the surfaces of the film capacitors into the condensate collecting tray or is collected there, 2412 from where it flows out for further use or can be pumped out.

Finally, a performance calculation should be considered. Tests have shown that 45°C can be reached in the evaporator with a relative humidity of 90%. This means that in this climate the absolute humidity is 58.9g of gaseous water per cubic meter. Experiments in the condenser show that 25°C is realistic if the surface temperature of the condensation foils is approx. 20°C.

During the condensation process, the 45°V warm air saturated with 90% humidity is led into the 20°C “cold” condenser. The dew point is around 43°C; The temperature gradient between the air and the film capacitor is 43 °C to 20 °C, which leads to strong condensation. When leaving the condenser area, the air has a temperature of approx. 25 °C and a humidity of approx. 40%, which means that only 9.2 g/m ³ of gaseous water is bound. This example is shown in the table below with an asterisk (“*”) and boldface.

Further combinations can be found in the table below: relative humidity 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Air temperature in °C +50 8.3 +8 16.8 -19 24.9 +26 33.2 +32 41.5 +36 49.8 +40 58.1 +43 66.4 +45 74.7 +48 83.0 +50 +45 6.5 +4 13.1 +15 19.8 +22 26.2 +27 32.7 +32 39.3 +36 45.8 +38 52.4 +41 58.9* +43* 65.4 +45 +40 5.1 +1 10.2 +11 15.3 +18 20.5 +23 25.6 +27 30.7 +30 35.8 +33 40.9 +36 46.0 +38 51.1 +40 +35 4.0 -2 7.9 +8 11.9 +14 15.8 +18 19.8 +21 23.8 +25 27.7 +28 31.7 +31 35.6 +33 39.8 +35 +30 3.0 -6 6.1 +3 9.1 +10 12.1 +14 15.2 +18 18.2 +21 21.3 +24 24.3 +26 27.3 +28 30.4 +30 +25 2.3 -8 4.6 0 6.9 +5 9.2 +10 11.5 +13 13.8 +16 16.1 +19 18.4 +21 20.7 +23 23.0 +25 +20 1.7 3.5 5.2 6.9 8.7 10.4 12.1 13.8 15.6 17.3 -12 -4 +1 +5 +9 +12 +14 +16 +18 +20

In this table, the top row, which corresponds to an air temperature, means the absolute humidity in grams per cubic meter of air and the corresponding bottom row means the relative air humidity. As an example, with an air temperature of 50 °C and a relative humidity of 70%, the absolute humidity is 58.1 g/cubic meter and the dew point temperature is 43 °C.

wenn die Bedingungen, die oberhalb der Tabelle angenommen wurden, vorliegen. D.h., dass $$\mathrm{58,9}\text{ g}-\mathrm{9,2}\text{ g}=\mathrm{49,7}\text{ g}$$

Wasser pro Kubikmeter gewonnen werden können.If fans with an air circulation rate of up to 1000 m ³ /h are used in the system, this results in a theoretical possible hourly output of $$1000{\text{m}}^3\text{/H}*49.7\text{G}=\mathrm{49,700}\text{g accordingly}497\text{l/h},$$

if the conditions assumed above the table are met. Ie, that $$58.9\text{G}-9.2\text{G}=49.7\text{G}$$

Water can be obtained per cubic meter.

The description of the various exemplary embodiments of the present invention has been presented for better understanding, but does not serve to directly limit the inventive idea to these exemplary embodiments. Further modifications and variations can be made by the person skilled in the art. The terminology used here was chosen to best describe the basic principles of the exemplary embodiments and to make them easily accessible to the person skilled in the art.

The principle presented here can be embodied as a system, as a method or combinations thereof.

The illustrated structures, materials, processes and equivalents of all means and/or steps with associated functions in the claims below are intended to apply all structures, materials or processes as expressed by the claims.

REFERENCE MARKS

100

system

102

evaporator

104

capacitor

106

Evaporator air inlet opening

108

Lamella evaporator

110

Evaporator drip tray

112

Condenser air outlet opening

114

Condensate drip tray

116

front evaporator wall

118

rear evaporator wall

120

frame

122

Evaporator main plate

124

Capacitor main plate

126

suspension

128

steering

130

front condenser wall

132

Air outlet from ventilation pipe

134

ventilation pipe

136

1. Pump

138

2. Pump

200

Housing

202

Evaporator section

204

Capacitor section

206

left outside wall

208

right outside wall

212

top cover

214

Solar cells

216

rear edge of the top cover

300

Cross-sectional view

302

Overflow rail

304

Film capacitor

306

Cooling water inlet

308

Cooling water outlet

310

fan

312

Evaporator air outlet

314

Condenser air inlet

316

right outside area

317

right outside area

318

anteroom

320

fan

400

Evaporator main plate from below

402

Hanging device

500

Overflow rail suspended from the evaporator main plate

502

tubular overflow rail

504

End plate

506

protuberance

508

Airflow

510

Water inlet connection

512

Nut

600

Detailed image of the tubular overflow rail

700

Another detailed image of the tubular overflow rail

702

perforated plate

704

slot

706

Edge

708

Outside of the tubular overflow rail

710

foil

712

lower end of the tubular overflow rail

900

perspective view of the evaporator

1000

View of the evaporator from the condenser

1100

Detail from the capacitor main plate

1102

Recording element

1200

Detail of the film capacitor

1202

tube-like thickening

1204

upper water connection

1300

Film capacitor

1302

lower water connection

1400

Water connection

1402

Water inlet connection

1404

Water outlet connection

1406

ring-shaped element

1500

Side view of the water connection

1502

openings

1504

Section of the foils of the film capacitor

1600

perspective view of the condensate drip tray

1700

Detailed view of the condensate drip tray

1702

Outlet pipe condenser collecting tray

1704

upper edge

1800s

Side view of the condensate drip tray

1900

partition wall

1902

fan

2000

Perspective view of the evaporator collecting tray with air pipe

2100

Detailed view of the cover cap with overflow rail

2102

Cover cap

2200

Section through the overflow rail with the cover cap in place

2202

channel

2300

perspective view of the cover cap

2302

web

2400

Procedure with steps 2402 - 2412

Claims (15)

A system for water treatment and desalination, comprising the system - having an evaporator - an evaporator air inlet opening, - an evaporator air outlet opening, - a film-like flat finned evaporator between the evaporator air inlet opening and the evaporator air outlet opening, with evaporation water of a first temperature running over a surface of the finned evaporator, and - an evaporator collecting tray into which non-evaporated evaporation water drips, - having a capacitor - a condenser air inlet opening, - a condenser air outlet opening which is fluidly connected to the evaporator air outlet opening, - a flat film capacitor between the condenser air inlet opening and the condenser air outlet opening, wherein cooling water of a second temperature flows through the film capacitor, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature, and - a condensate collecting tray into which water condensed on the film condenser flows, wherein air flows through the system from the evaporator air inlet opening to the condenser air outlet opening, where water is absorbed by the air flow in the evaporator, and wherein water from the air flow in the condenser condenses on a surface of the film condenser. The system according to Claim 1 , wherein the evaporator further comprises - a front evaporator wall, - a rear evaporator wall, which is spaced apart from the front evaporator wall, - an upper evaporator main plate, which connects to upper ends of the front and rear evaporator walls, and - the evaporator collecting tray at its front upper Edge is connected to a lower part of the front evaporator chamber wall and the rear upper edge is connected to a lower part of the rear evaporator wall, - the evaporator air inlet opening lies between the evaporator main plate, the front and rear evaporator wall and the evaporator collecting tray, and - the evaporator air outlet opening lies between the evaporator main plate, the front and rear evaporator wall and the evaporator collecting tray, and - the evaporator air inlet opening is opposite the evaporator air outlet opening. The system according to Claim 1 or 2 , wherein the condenser has - a front condenser wall, - a rear condenser wall which is spaced apart from the front condenser wall, - a capacitor main plate which connects to upper ends of the front and rear condenser walls, and - wherein the condensate collecting tray is connected to a lower part of the front Condenser chamber wall is connected and wherein the condensate collecting tray is connected to a lower part of the rear condenser wall, - the condenser air inlet opening lies between the condenser main plate, the front and rear condenser walls and the condensate collecting tray, and - wherein the condenser air outlet opening lies between the condenser main plate, the front and the rear Condenser wall and the condensate collecting tray, with the condenser air inlet opening opposite the condenser air outlet opening. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the finned evaporator comprises - a tubular overflow rail which has an overflow slot along its upper side and at the lower end of which an evaporation film extends towards the evaporator collecting tray. The system according to Claim 4 , wherein the tubular overflow rail has an end cap with a water inlet nozzle at one end. The system according to Claim 4 or 5 , wherein the tubular overflow rail is shaped on its longitudinal outside in such a way that water, which emerges from the tubular overflow rail via the overflow slot, runs over the outside of the tubular overflow rail and the evaporation film. The system according to Claim 6 , wherein there is a fluid connection between the interior of the evaporator collecting tray to the water inlet connection of the end cap of the overflow rail and evaporation water can be pumped from the evaporator collecting tray via the water inlet connection into the overflow rail of the lamella evaporator. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein - the film capacitor is attached to an underside of the capacitor main plate and extends towards the condensate collecting tray, and where - The film capacitor, which is flat and hollow, has an inlet connection and an outlet connection. The system according to Claim 8 , wherein at least one of the inlet connection and the outlet connection has: - a connecting pipe, on which two spacer rings are attached at a distance from one another, which are firmly connected to flat side elements of the film capacitor, the connecting pipe having at least one opening between spacer rings The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaporator drip tray comprises: - a heating device for heating a liquid in the evaporator dish. The system according to Claim 10 , wherein the heating device comprises: - a tube extending from one wall of the evaporator collecting tray to another The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein between the evaporator and the condenser there is a fan which conveys air from the evaporator into the condenser. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaporator and the condenser are together enclosed by an outer shell on at least five sides. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaporator main plate and/or the condenser main plate is suspended together on a base frame Method for operating a water treatment and desalination system, comprising the method - providing the water treatment and desalination system according to one of Claims 1 until 14 , - continuously filling the evaporator collecting tray with impure water up to a predefined level, - pumping the impure water from the evaporator collecting tray to the film-like flat finned evaporator, so that the impure water of the first temperature runs over surfaces of the film-like flat finned evaporator, - generating a circulating air flow through the Evaporator, the condenser and back to the evaporator air inlet opening, and - passing the cooling water through the flat film condenser, the cooling water having the second temperature that is lower than the first temperature, so that water on surfaces of the film The flat finned evaporator evaporates and condenses on the surfaces of the condenser as pure water and drips into the condensate collecting tray.

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