DE102021104573A1 - Device, charging station, system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

A device (10) for a number of charging stations (401 - 412) for charging an energy store (110) of an electric vehicle (108) with electrical energy from a multiphase subscriber network (101) that can be coupled to the device (10) by means of a number of output conductors (L1out - L3out) provided charging current. The device (10) comprises a switching matrix (20) for providing a plurality of switching states (Z1 - Z34), a respective switching state (Z1 - Z34) being assigned to a specific phase (L1 - L3) of the multiphase subscriber network (101). a specific output conductor (L1out - L3out) of the number, the switching matrix (20) having a number of changeover relays (301 - 312), each changeover relay (301 - 312) in a first switching position (0) having a first node with a second Node connects and in a second switching position (1) connects the first node to a third node, by means of which a respective output conductor (L1out - L3out) of the number can only be assigned to exactly one phase (L1 - L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) at any time is.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a device for a number of charging stations, a charging station with such a device, a system with a number of charging stations and a respective method.

STATE OF THE ART

The present technical field relates to charging an energy store of an electric vehicle. The European patent describes this, for example EP 2 882 607 B1 of the applicant, a charging station for electric vehicles, with at least one input interface for feeding electrical energy from a stationary power supply network into the charging station, with a connection socket for connecting a charging plug of an electric vehicle for the controlled delivery of electrical energy to the electric vehicle, with a plurality of electrotechnical components an electronic control device for switching, measuring or monitoring the electrical energy consumed and/or emitted, and with a housing enclosing the electrotechnical components.

In countries with multi-phase energy supply networks, such as Germany or Austria, there are specifications from network operators and/or statutory regulations regarding compliance with network symmetry at subscriber network connections. An asymmetry, which can also be referred to as unbalanced load, occurs when one phase of a multi-phase power grid is more heavily loaded (due to current draw or current feed-in) than the other phases. For example, there are specifications in VDE-AR-N 4100 that limit the maximum unbalanced load to an output of 4.6 kW. Consumers or generators that have a higher output than 4.6 kW must be connected to the subscriber network in multiple phases so that the output is evenly distributed over the phases and an unbalanced load is thus avoided.

Different charging methods are known for electric vehicles, for example there are rapid charging methods in which the charging station provides the electric vehicle with direct voltage/current (DC), or alternatively alternating current charging methods in which the electric vehicle is supplied with single-phase or multi-phase, in particular two-phase or three-phase, alternating current (AC) is made available, which the charging vehicle converts into direct current for the energy storage device to be charged using a built-in AC/DC converter. With the AC charging process, a charging logic in the vehicle or the energy storage device controls the charging process. Especially in the case of vehicles that charge single-phase or two-phase alternating current (AC), it can happen that the energy storage device of the vehicle can be charged with a maximum of 4.6 kW per phase due to the limit specified in the standard. Depending on the capacity of the energy store, the charging process will then take a long time. Especially in cases where several charging stations are arranged in a subscriber network, it can even happen that the charging power per vehicle has to be reduced even further, namely when, for example, two vehicles to be charged with single-phase alternating current (AC) are on the same phase are connected. In such a case, the maximum charging power per vehicle may be limited to 2.3 kW or an even lower value.

EP 3 245 702 B1 discloses a method that is intended to enable performance-optimized operation of an electrical subscriber. It is proposed to measure an electrical variable on at least two input-side phases of a switching matrix having at least two outputs, the inputs being connected to different phases of a subscriber network. At least one input of the switching matrix is assigned to at least one output of the switching matrix depending on the measurement. Here, fewer outputs are assigned to inputs in the switching matrix than there are inputs. Because the consumer or generator is connected to one or two phases of the network, the load on the phases can be balanced. Smart meters are used to measure the corresponding electrical variables (current, voltage, power and/or phase).

EP 3 184 352 A1 discloses a device for charging an electric vehicle on a three-phase power grid. The device comprises a switching matrix with a plurality of relays which are interconnected in such a way that each of the three input phases can be selectively connected to a specific output phase.

DE 10 2017 100 138 A1 discloses a method for operating a subscriber that can be operated on at least one phase of an electrical supply network. It is proposed to measure a measured value of at least one electrical variable at at least two connections on the supply network side of a connection device having at least two connections on the subscriber side, the connections on the supply network side being assigned to different phases of the supply network. Depending on the At least one supply network-side connection is assigned to at least one subscriber-side connection and connected accordingly to the measured value. It is also proposed that, during the assignment, an electrical power specification be made as a function of at least the measured value for at least one of the connections on the subscriber side.

A disadvantage of the above-mentioned prior art is that due to the proposed interconnection of the input phases with the output phases, a short circuit between two different input phases is possible, for example if a switching error occurs in one or more relays or if relays are activated incorrectly. It is therefore necessary to monitor devices that monitor the switching status of each relay. Although these monitoring devices can be used to detect that a short circuit is occurring, the short circuit cannot be prevented in all cases by switching to a different switching state. However, such a monitoring device is complex and significantly increases the technological and material outlay for providing and operating the respective device and restricts the flexibility of use of the device.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to specify an improved device for a number of charging stations, which makes it possible to distribute a load selectively to the phases of a multi-phase power grid, and to specify a corresponding operating method. A further object of the invention is to specify a charging station with such a device and a system with a plurality of charging stations and with such a device and a respective operating method for this.

The stated object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1, a charging station having the features of claim 14, a system having the features of claim 23 and by a method having the features of claim 12, a method having the features of claim 18 and a method with the features of claim 29 solved.

According to a first aspect, a device is proposed for a number of charging stations for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle with electrical energy from a multiphase subscriber network that can be coupled to the device by means of a charging current provided at a number of output conductors. The device includes a switching matrix for providing a plurality of switching states, each switching state including an assignment of a specific phase of the multiphase subscriber network to a specific output conductor of the number, the switching matrix having a number of changeover relays, each changeover relay in a first switching position having a first Node connects to a second node and connects the first node to a third node in a second switching position, by means of which a respective output conductor of the number can be assigned to exactly one phase of the multiphase subscriber network at any time.

This device has the advantage that, on the one hand, the phases of the multiphase subscriber network can be selectively assigned to the output conductors by means of the switching matrix, but on the other hand, due to the use of changeover relays, it is always ensured that a short circuit between two phases of the subscriber network is excluded. As a result, this device is significantly less complex and therefore less complex both in terms of production and in operation and therefore saves resources.

A respective phase of the multi-phase subscriber network can also be referred to as an external conductor.

The device can be used both for a single and for several, for example two, three, four, five or even more than five charging stations. When used with a single charging station, the device can be arranged in front of the charging station, on the input side of the charging station, in the subscriber network, or it can also be integrated in the charging station. When used for multiple charging stations, the device is preferably arranged in a connection point of a branch of the subscriber network in which the multiple charging stations are arranged, so that the device can be used to assign the phases of the subscriber network to the conductors of the branch network to which the charging stations are connected are, is possible.

The device includes a number of output conductors at which the charging current for charging the energy store is provided. The number of output conductors preferably corresponds to the number of phases in the multi-phase subscriber network. The number of output conductors can also be greater than the number of phases in the subscriber network, for example additional output conductors can be provided for a neutral conductor.

The switching matrix provides several different switching states. A respective switching state is characterized by the respective switching position of each of the changeover relays of the switching matrix in the respective switching state. Since each changeover relay can assume two switching positions, a switching matrix with a number of ^N changeover relays has a total of 2N different switching states, it being possible for different switching states to include the same assignment of phases to output conductors.

A respective switching state includes an assignment of at least one phase of the multi-phase subscriber network to at least one output conductor of the number. For example, the subscriber network has three phases and the device has three output conductors. Then, for example, exactly one of the three phases is assigned to exactly one of the three output conductors, with the two remaining phases not being assigned to any output conductor, or exactly two of the three phases being assigned to exactly two of the three output conductors, with the one remaining phase not being assigned to any output conductor is assigned, or all three phases are assigned to the three output conductors. Depending on the complexity of the switching matrix, each of the three phases can be assigned to any of the three output conductors, which means that, for example, a first phase can be assigned to a first, second or third output conductor.

For example, an energy store that is to be charged in a single phase is to be charged in a three-phase subscriber network. The fact that the energy store is to be charged in one phase is understood to mean that the energy store draws current from only one phase. With such an energy store, the charging current is supplied via a phase, for example, and returned via the neutral conductor. In this example, a less complex embodiment of the device would be designed in such a way that it has only one output conductor that can be coupled to one phase of the three-phase subscriber network (the neutral conductor is looped through, for example). One of the three phases of the subscriber network can be assigned to the output conductor using the switching matrix. For example, in a first switching state, a first phase is associated with the output conductor and a second and third phase are not associated with any output conductor, in a second switching state, for example, the second phase is associated with the output conductor and the first and third phases are not associated with any output conductor, and in a third Switching state, for example, the third phase is assigned to the output conductor and the first and second phases are not assigned to any output conductor. Depending on the current utilization of the individual phases in the subscriber network, the energy store can be fed from the most suitable phase. The most suitable phase is in particular the one that can provide the highest charging power while complying with the specifications for the maximum unbalanced load in the subscriber network.

It should be noted that the “charging of an energy store” includes both supplying electrical energy and drawing electrical energy. This means that the energy store can act as a consumer or as a generator in the subscriber network. In both cases, the assignment of the output conductors to the phases of the subscriber network can be set using the switching matrix of the device, so that, for example, a specific phase of the subscriber network can be specifically supported by this phase being supplied with current from the energy store.

According to one embodiment of the device, the number of changeover relays in the switching matrix includes at least one bistable relay, in particular a double-coil relay.

Bistable relays are characterized by the fact that they can assume two different stable switching states when there is no current. This rules out an unintentional switchover of the switching state in the event of a problem in the actuation of the bistable relay, such as a power failure. Bistable relays are, for example, impulse relays, which are also referred to as impulse switches, latching relays, which are also referred to as retentive relays, or back-up relays.

Latching relays switch to the other switching status when a current pulse occurs and maintain this status until the next pulse. The maintenance of the state is ensured, for example, by a mechanical lock. Latching relays use the remanence to remain in the energized state after the excitation current has been switched off. Backup relays are mechanically locked in the triggered position. Dual-coil relays can be designed, for example, as latching relays or backup relays.

According to a further embodiment of the device, the switching matrix consists of several changeover relays connected to one another.

In this embodiment, the switching matrix has only changeover relays connected to one another. This does not preclude the device from having other electrical elements, which are arranged in front of the switching matrix or after the switching matrix.

According to a further embodiment of the device, it comprises a connection socket with a number of coupling points for connecting a charging cable, with a respective output conductor of the number being connected to a respective coupling point of the connection socket, and with the coupling points of the connection socket connected to the output conductors having a number of phases of the charging cable can be coupled.

In particular, the charging cable connects the electric vehicle or the energy store of the electric vehicle to the connection socket and is set up to transmit the charging current.

The connection socket can have further coupling points, for example to connect a neutral conductor, a protective conductor and/or one or more signal or data transmission conductors. The connection socket can be designed in such a way that it is compatible with different specifications, in particular the connection socket can be backwards compatible, which means that it can be coupled to a charging cable for single-phase, two-phase or three-phase charging, for example. The charging cable can have a number of conductors corresponding to the coupling points.

In this embodiment, the phases of the multiphase subscriber network are thus assigned to the phases of the charging cable by means of the device.

In embodiments, the charging station can have a number of connection sockets for differently configured charging cables.

According to a further embodiment of the device, it comprises a connection socket with a number of coupling points for connecting a charging cable, with a respective output conductor of the number being connected to a respective coupling point of the connection socket, and with the coupling points of the connection socket connected to the output conductors being connected to a neutral conductor and a Number of phases of the charging cable can be coupled.

In this embodiment, the phases of the multi-phase subscriber network are thus assigned to the neutral conductor of the charging cable and phases of the charging cable by means of the device.

This embodiment is advantageous, for example, for countries in which the power supply network does not have a separate neutral conductor, such as in Norway.

According to a further embodiment of the device, it comprises a control device for controlling the switching matrix with a control signal for selectively switching to a specific switching state of the plurality of switching states. The selective switching takes place as a function of an electrical measured value recorded by a measuring device integrated in a charging station of the number, by a measuring device arranged in the multi-phase subscriber network and/or by a measuring device arranged in a connection point of the multi-phase subscriber network with a multi-phase energy supply network. Alternatively or additionally, switching can take place as a function of received load information from the multi-phase subscriber network and/or the multi-phase power supply network.

This specific embodiment is particularly advantageous since charging and load management in relation to the subscriber network and/or in relation to the power supply network is possible by means of the control device. For example, it can be determined that a specific phase of the subscriber network should not be additionally loaded. Accordingly, the output conductor that provides a charging current can be coupled to one of the other phases.

The measuring device can be arranged at different points in the subscriber network, for example in a charging station, in a branch network of the subscriber network, in the connection point of the subscriber network and/or directly after the connection point of the subscriber network. In the present case, the connection point of the subscriber network is understood to be the point at which, for example, a sealed electricity meter of a supply network operator that supplies the electricity from a regional or national network is located. A number of measuring devices can also be provided at a number of points in the subscriber network, with the control device then being set up to control the switching matrix as a function of the respective electrical measured values of the number of measuring devices.

The respective measuring device is set up, for example, to record a current value for each phase of the multiphase subscriber network, with the current value corresponding to the current that is transmitted via a respective phase in the subscriber network. For example, a current unbalanced load can be determined from the current values of the phases, and/or it can be determined which phase can be additionally loaded with how much current. on Based on this information, an optimal switching state of the number of switching states can be determined. The optimal switching state is, for example, the one in which the greatest possible charging power is made possible. The measuring device can also be set up to record a frequency and/or a voltage value of a respective phase of the subscriber network.

Alternatively or additionally, switching can take place as a function of received load information from the multi-phase subscriber network and/or the multi-phase power supply network. The load information can include a request for electrical energy, for example. For example, the load information can be provided by another consumer or producer in the subscriber network. The load information includes, for example, the information that a specific power is required by a specific phase of the subscriber network. The load information of the energy supply network is provided by the network operator, for example. The load information from the network operator includes, for example, information regarding a current overload or underload of the power supply network, and can include, for example, the request for greater or lesser power consumption and/or power feed from or into the power supply network and/or phase-specific information. A phase-specific statement may, for example, contain the instruction that 90% of the energy is to be obtained from a first specific phase, 8% is to be obtained from a second specific phase and 2% is to be obtained from a third specific phase, or the instruction that that 100% of the energy can be obtained from only one specific phase.

According to a further embodiment of the device, the selective switching from a first specific switching state to a second specific switching state includes interrupting an existing assignment of a specific phase of the multiphase subscriber network to a specific output conductor of the number.

In this embodiment, a two-phase charging energy store can advantageously be forced into a single-phase charging operation if this is necessary, for example, to comply with the specifications for the maximum unbalanced load and/or is helpful for an overall optimized charging operation of several electric vehicles in the subscriber network.

For example, in the first specific switching state, a first phase of the subscriber network is assigned to a first output conductor and a second phase is assigned to a second output conductor, and in the second specific switching state, the first phase of the subscriber network is assigned to the first output conductor and the second phase is not assigned to any output conductor . It can also be said that by switching the switching states, the connection of the second phase to the second output conductor is broken or disconnected.

According to a further embodiment of the device, the control device is set up to send a control signal to the electric vehicle as a function of the detected electrical measured value and/or of the received load information, which signal has a lower threshold value, a setpoint value and/or an upper threshold value for the height of the charging current that is provided at the number of output conductors and with which the energy store is charged.

This embodiment is particularly advantageous in electric vehicles in which the charging current is provided by the charging station as alternating current. In these electric vehicles, there is in particular a rectifier for converting the alternating current into direct current in the electric vehicle. In this case, the level of the charging current drawn by the electric vehicle cannot be limited by the charging station, but rather a charging controller of the electric vehicle controls the charging process. The control signal can be used to tell the charging controller how much current may or should be drawn via which phase of the charging cable. In this way, a symmetrical loading of the multiple phases of the subscriber network can be further promoted.

The control signal can be transmitted to the electric vehicle via a corresponding signal cable of the charging cable specially provided for this purpose. Alternatively, it can be provided that the control signal is transmitted in coded form via one of the phases or the neutral conductor of the charging cable, for example by means of an amplitude-modulated, a frequency-modulated and/or a pulse-code-modulated voltage signal. Furthermore, the control signal can be transmitted wirelessly, for example by means of Bluetooth, WLAN and/or a cellular network or the like.

If there are several charging stations and several electric vehicles, the control device can be set up to send a corresponding control signal to a respective electric vehicle.

According to a further embodiment of the device, each charging station of the number is assigned a switching matrix, the assigned Switching matrix is connected between the respective charging station and the multi-phase subscriber network.

In this embodiment, it can advantageously be determined individually for each charging station by means of the respective assigned switching matrix from which of the phases of the subscriber network the charging station draws the current for charging an electric vehicle coupled to the respective charging station.

It should be noted that the subscriber network can have several branch networks. If exactly one charging station and additional consumers and/or generators are arranged in one of the branch networks, the switching matrix assigned to the charging station can also be connected between all or some of the other consumers and/or generators of the branch network and the subscriber network.

The respective switching matrix can be integrated in the assigned charging station.

According to a further embodiment of the device, a control device is set up for controlling each switching matrix of the number of charging stations with a respective control signal for selectively switching the respective switching matrix into a specific switching state of the plurality of switching states. The control device is set up for switching depending on an electrical measured value recorded by a measuring device integrated in one of the number of charging stations, by a measuring device arranged in the multi-phase subscriber network and/or by a measuring device arranged in a connection point of the multi-phase subscriber network with a multi-phase energy supply network. Alternatively or additionally, switching can take place as a function of received load information from the multi-phase energy supply network and/or the multi-phase subscriber network. Alternatively and/or additionally, the control device can be set up to send a control signal to a respective electric vehicle coupled to one of the number of charging stations, depending on the electrical measured value recorded and/or on the load information received, which signal has a lower threshold value, a setpoint value and/or an upper threshold value for the magnitude of the charging current, which is provided at the number of output conductors and with which the energy store is charged.

In embodiments, multiple measuring devices are provided at multiple points in the subscriber network, with the control device being set up to control a respective switching matrix depending on the respective electrical measured values of the multiple measuring devices.

In particular, each charging station can have a corresponding measuring device.

In this embodiment, the control device can advantageously be used to carry out very precise charging and load management for the subscriber network, since the phase of the multiphase subscriber network to be loaded for providing the charging current is determined individually for each of the charging stations using the respectively assigned switching matrix and is coupled to the corresponding output conductors can be.

In this embodiment, the control device is arranged particularly centrally in relation to the number of charging stations in the subscriber network.

According to a further embodiment of the device, a power switching device with an open switching state is provided for safely disconnecting the number of output conductors from the multiphase subscriber network, the switching state of the switching matrix being switchable only when the power switching device is in the open switching state.

The power switching device enables particularly reliable operation of the device and in particular of the switching matrix. If the switching matrix is switched over under load, this can lead to damage to individual elements of the switching matrix, in particular the changeover relays of the switching matrix, which can be avoided in this way.

The power switching device can be embodied as an electro-mechanical element such as a contactor or a four-phase relay. The power switching device can be arranged on the input side of the switching matrix or also on the output side of the switching matrix.

The power switching device can be designed and controlled individually for a respective phase of the multiphase subscriber network and/or for a respective output conductor of the switching matrix, so that, for example, individual assignments can be interrupted by means of the power switching device. For example, it is possible to switch safely from a two-phase charging operation, in which a first and a second phase of a three-phase subscriber network are loaded, to a likewise two-phase charging operation, in which the first and a third phase of the three-phase subscriber network are loaded, by first switching off the second and the third phase can be separated by means of the power switching device, then the switching matrix corresponds accordingly switched over, and then (at least) the third phase is reconnected.

• Empfangen eines elektrischen Messwerts von einer in einer der Ladestationen der Anzahl integrierten Messeinrichtung und/oder von einer in dem mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetz angeordneten Messeinrichtung und/oder von einer in einem Anschlusspunkt des mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetzes mit einem mehrphasigen Energieversorgungsnetz angeordneten Messeinrichtung und/oder von einer Lastinformation des mehrphasigen Energieversorgungsnetzes und/oder des mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetzes,
• Ermitteln eines bestimmten Schaltzustands aus einer Mehrzahl von von einer Schaltmatrix bereitgestellten Schaltzuständen, wobei ein jeweiliger Schaltzustand eine Zuordnung von einer bestimmten Phase des mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetzes zu einem bestimmten Ausgangsleiter der Anzahl umfasst, in Abhängigkeit des empfangenen Messwerts und/oder der empfangen Lastinformation, und
• Ansteuern der Schaltmatrix zum Bereitstellen des ermittelten Schaltzustands.

A second aspect proposes a method for operating a device for a number of charging stations for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle with electrical energy from a multiphase subscriber network that can be coupled to the device by means of a charging current provided at a number of output conductors. The procedure includes the steps:

• Receiving an electrical measured value from a measuring device integrated in one of the charging stations of the number and/or from a measuring device arranged in the multi-phase subscriber network and/or from a measuring device arranged in a connection point of the multi-phase subscriber network with a multi-phase energy supply network and/or from load information of the multi-phase power supply network and/or the multi-phase subscriber network,
• Determining a specific switching status from a plurality of switching statuses provided by a switching matrix, with a respective switching status including an assignment of a specific phase of the multiphase subscriber network to a specific output conductor of the number, depending on the received measured value and/or the received load information, and
• Driving the switching matrix to provide the determined switching state.

This method has the same advantages as explained for the device according to the first aspect. The embodiments described for the proposed device apply accordingly to the proposed method. Furthermore, the definitions and explanations for the device also apply accordingly to the proposed method. The method is preferably carried out with a device according to the first aspect.

It should be noted that the implementation of this method does not necessarily lead to a switchover of the switching matrix. Rather, the determined switching state can be the switching state in which the switching matrix is already located. In this case, the switching matrix is controlled, for example, to maintain the switching state; in particular, the control can include that no signal or no changed signal is output to the switching matrix.

According to one embodiment of the method, this further comprises the step of interrupting an existing assignment of a specific phase of the multi-phase subscriber network to a specific output conductor of the number in order to limit an unbalanced load in the multi-phase subscriber network.

This embodiment is particularly advantageous in order, for example, to convert a three-phase charging energy store to two-phase charging, or to convert a two-phase charging energy store to single-phase charging. In this way, for example, electrical power can be made available for another purpose at the phase that is released in each case, such as charging another energy storage device that is reconnected to one of the number of charging stations.

According to a third aspect, a charging station for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle with electrical energy from a multiphase subscriber network that can be coupled to the charging station by means of a charging current provided at a number of output conductors of the charging station is proposed, with a device having a switching matrix according to the first aspect.

Because of the device with the switching matrix that is included in the charging station, this charging station has the same advantages that were explained for the device according to the first aspect. In particular, the phase of the multiphase subscriber network to be loaded during charging can be selected in a targeted manner and thus advantageous charging and load management can be implemented in the subscriber network.

The charging station has, for example, a housing, in particular a waterproof housing, with an interior space in which a plurality of electrical and/or electronic components and a connection socket connected to at least one of the components for connecting a charging plug are arranged. In particular, the device with the switching matrix is arranged in the housing of the charging station.

The charging station can also be referred to as a charging connection device. The charging station is designed in particular as a wall box. The charging station is suitable for charging or regenerating the energy store of an electric vehicle in that the charging station is electrically connected to the energy store or the charging electronics of the electric vehicle via its connection socket and the charging plug of the electric vehicle. The charging station acts as a source of electrical energy for the electric vehicle, with the electrical energy being transferred to an energy store in the electric vehicle by means of a connection socket and charging plug the can. The charging station can also be referred to as an intelligent charging station for electric vehicles.

Examples of the electrical and/or electronic components of the charging station include contactors, all-current sensitive circuit breakers, direct current, overcurrent and fault current monitoring devices, relays, connection terminals, electronic circuits and a control device, for example comprising a printed circuit board on which a plurality of electronic components are arranged for controlling and/or measuring and/or monitoring the energy states at the charging station or in the connected electric vehicle.

According to one embodiment of the charging station, the switching matrix has an input for each phase of the multi-phase subscriber network and a corresponding number of output conductors. A first changeover relay of the switching matrix is set up in a first switching position for coupling a first output conductor to a first input and in a second switching position for coupling the first output conductor to an intermediate piece, a second changeover relay of the switching matrix is in a first switching position for coupling a second input with a second output conductor and configured in a second switch position to couple the second input to the interface. Thus, the first output conductor can be selectively coupled to the first input or to the second input.

In this embodiment, the switching matrix has only two changeover relays and is therefore of particularly simple design. This embodiment is particularly advantageous for charging stations that are designed for single-phase charging of energy stores, since the phase of the multiphase subscriber network to be loaded can be selected between the two phases that are connected to the first and the second input of the switching matrix.

In the present case, the term “intermediate piece” means an interconnection of two changeover relays. The respective intermediate piece is in particular an electrical conductor which is set up to transmit the electrical power required for charging an electric vehicle.

In embodiments of the charging station, the switching matrix with two changeover relays has exactly two inputs and exactly one output conductor. If the multi-phase subscriber network has more than two phases, additional phases can either be looped through or not connected to the charging station.

According to a further embodiment of the charging station, the multiphase subscriber network has exactly three phases, with the switching matrix having an input for each phase of the multiphase subscriber network and a corresponding number of output conductors, and the switching matrix comprising four changeover relays. A first changeover relay is arranged in a first switching position for coupling a first output conductor to a first input and in a second switching position for coupling the first output conductor to a first adapter. A second changeover relay is configured to couple a second input to a second output conductor in a first switch position and to couple the second input to a second interface in a second switch position. A third changeover relay is configured in a first switch position to couple a third input to a third output conductor and in a second switch position to couple the third input to a third interface. A fourth changeover relay is set up in a first switching position for coupling the first interface to the second interface and in a second switching position for coupling the first interface to the third interface. Thus, the first output conductor can be selectively coupled to each of the three inputs.

In this embodiment, the switching matrix has four changeover relays and is therefore of particularly simple construction. This embodiment is particularly advantageous for charging stations that are designed for single-phase charging of energy stores in a three-phase subscriber network, since the phase of the three-phase subscriber network to be loaded can be selected between the three phases that are connected to the three inputs of the switching matrix.

This embodiment is also advantageous for charging stations that are set up for two-phase charging of energy stores, since at least one of the two phases that is loaded can be selected selectively.

In embodiments of the charging station, the switching matrix with four changeover relays has exactly three inputs and only exactly one output conductor.

In further embodiments of the charging station, the switching matrix with four changeover relays has exactly three inputs and exactly two output conductors.

In further embodiments, the switching matrix has exactly three inputs and exactly two output conductors and, in addition to the four changeover relays, has two further changeover relays. by means of four changeover relays, any of the three inputs can be coupled to the first output conductor. The two further changeover relays are connected between the second output conductor and two inputs in such a way that one of the two inputs can be selectively coupled to the second output conductor. For example, when the first output conductor is coupled to the first input, the second output conductor can be selectively coupled to the second or third input. When the first output conductor is coupled to the second input, the second output conductor can be coupled to the third input. When the first output conductor is coupled to the third input, the second output conductor can be coupled to the second input.

• ein erstes Wechselrelais in einer ersten Schaltposition zum Koppeln eines ersten Eingangs mit einem zweiten Zwischenstück und in einer zweiten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des ersten Eingangs mit einem ersten Zwischenstück eingerichtet ist, und
• ein zweites Wechselrelais in einer ersten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des zweiten Zwischenstücks mit einem vierten Zwischenstück und in einer zweiten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des zweiten Zwischenstücks mit einem dritten Zwischenstück eingerichtet ist, und
• ein drittes Wechselrelais in einer ersten Schaltposition zum Koppeln eines zweiten Eingangs mit einem sechsten Zwischenstück und in einer zweiten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des zweiten Eingangs mit einem fünften Zwischenstück eingerichtet ist, und
• ein viertes Wechselrelais in einer ersten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des sechsten Zwischenstücks mit einem achten Zwischenstück und in einer zweiten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des sechsten Zwischenstücks mit einem siebten Zwischenstück eingerichtet ist, und
• ein fünftes Wechselrelais in einer ersten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des dritten Eingangs mit einem zehnten Zwischenstück und in einer zweiten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des dritten Eingangs mit einem neunten Zwischenstück eingerichtet ist, und
• ein sechstes Wechselrelais in einer ersten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des zehnten Zwischenstücks mit einem zwölften Zwischenstück und in einer zweiten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des zehnten Zwischenstücks mit einem elften Zwischenstück eingerichtet ist, und
• ein siebtes Wechselrelais in einer ersten Schaltposition zum Koppeln eines ersten Ausgangsleiters mit dem ersten Zwischenstück und in einer zweiten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des ersten Ausgangsleiters mit einem dreizehnten Zwischenstück eingerichtet ist, und
• ein achtes Wechselrelais in einer ersten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des dreizehnten Zwischenstücks mit dem achten Zwischenstück und in einer zweiten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des dreizehnten Zwischenstücks mit dem zwölften Zwischenstück eingerichtet ist, und
• ein neuntes Wechselrelais in einer ersten Schaltposition zum Koppeln eines zweiten Ausgangsleiters mit dem fünften Zwischenstück und in einer zweiten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des zweiten Ausgangsleiters mit einem vierzehnten Zwischenstück eingerichtet ist, und
• ein zehntes Wechselrelais in einer ersten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des vierzehnten Zwischenstücks mit dem elften Zwischenstück und in einer zweiten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des vierzehnten Zwischenstücks mit dem vierten Zwischenstück eingerichtet ist, und
• ein elftes Wechselrelais in einer ersten Schaltposition zum Koppeln eines dritten Ausgangsleiters mit dem neunten Zwischenstück und in einer zweiten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des dritten Ausgangsleiters mit einem fünfzehnten Zwischenstück eingerichtet ist, und
• ein zwölftes Wechselrelais in einer ersten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des fünfzehnten Zwischenstücks mit dem dritten Zwischenstück und in einer zweiten Schaltposition zum Koppeln des fünfzehnten Zwischenstücks mit dem siebten Zwischenstück eingerichtet ist.

According to a further embodiment of the charging station, the multi-phase subscriber network has three phases, with the switching matrix having an input for each phase of the multi-phase subscriber network and a corresponding number of output conductors. The switching matrix includes twelve changeover relays where:

• a first changeover relay arranged in a first switching position for coupling a first input to a second interface and in a second switching position for coupling the first input to a first interface, and
• a second changeover relay arranged in a first switching position for coupling the second interface to a fourth interface and in a second switching position for coupling the second interface to a third interface, and
• a third changeover relay configured in a first switch position for coupling a second input to a sixth interface and in a second switch position for coupling the second input to a fifth interface, and
• a fourth changeover relay arranged in a first switching position for coupling the sixth link to an eighth link and in a second switching position for coupling the sixth link to a seventh link, and
• a fifth changeover relay configured in a first switch position for coupling the third input to a tenth interface and in a second switch position for coupling the third input to a ninth interface, and
• a sixth changeover relay arranged in a first switching position for coupling the tenth link to a twelfth link and in a second switching position for coupling the tenth link to an eleventh link, and
• a seventh changeover relay configured in a first switch position for coupling a first output conductor to the first link and in a second switch position for coupling the first output conductor to a thirteenth link, and
• an eighth changeover relay arranged in a first switching position for coupling the thirteenth link to the eighth link and in a second switching position for coupling the thirteenth link to the twelfth link, and
• a ninth changeover relay configured in a first switch position for coupling a second output conductor to the fifth link and in a second switch position for coupling the second output conductor to a fourteenth link, and
• a tenth changeover relay arranged in a first switching position for coupling the fourteenth link to the eleventh link and in a second switching position for coupling the fourteenth link to the fourth link, and
• an eleventh changeover relay arranged in a first switch position for coupling a third output conductor to the ninth link and in a second switch position for coupling the third output conductor to a fifteenth link, and
• a twelfth changeover relay arranged in a first switching position for coupling the fifteenth link to the third link and in a second switching position for coupling the fifteenth link to the seventh link.

In this embodiment with twelve changeover relays, the switching matrix offers full flexibility in the case of three inputs that can be connected to three phases and three output conductors. This means that in this example, every combinatorially possible assignment of inputs to output conductors can be set by a corresponding switching state of the switching matrix. This also includes all possible assignments where no input is assigned to one or more output conductors. This embodiment is therefore particularly advantageous for three-phase subscriber networks, in which case energy stores to be charged can be optimally charged in one-phase, two-phase or else three-phase.

It should be noted that the switching matrix does not have to have exactly two, four or twelve changeover relays in the specified connection, but it can also include a higher or lower number of changeover relays that can be connected differently than specified here. Depending on the envisaged application, an optimized switching matrix can be provided which can provide all switching states required according to the application with the smallest possible number of changeover relays.

• Erfassen eines Kopplungsvorgangs des Energiespeichers mit der Ladestation, wobei eine Anzahl von Leitern eines Ladekabels, das den Ladestrom von der Ladestation an den Energiespeicher überträgt, mit einer entsprechenden Anzahl von Ausgangsleitern der Anzahl verbunden oder getrennt wird, und/oder
• Empfangen eines elektrischen Messwerts von einer in der Ladestation integrierten Messeinrichtung, von einer in dem mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetz angeordneten Messeinrichtung und/oder von einer in einem Anschlusspunkt des mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetzes mit einem mehrphasigen Energieversorgungsnetz angeordneten Messeinrichtung und/oder Empfangen einer Lastinformation des mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetzes und/oder des mehrphasigen Energieversorgungsnetzes,
• Ermitteln einer Zuordnung von einer Anzahl bestimmter Phasen des mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetzes zu einer entsprechenden Anzahl bestimmter Ausgangsleiter der Anzahl in Abhängigkeit des empfangenen elektrischen Messwerts und/oder der empfangenen Lastinformation, und
• Koppeln der Anzahl bestimmter Phasen des mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetzes mit der entsprechenden Anzahl bestimmter Ausgangsleiter der Anzahl gemäß der ermittelten Zuordnung mittels einer Schaltmatrix, die eine Anzahl von Wechselrelais aufweist, mittels der ein jeweiliger Ausgangsleiter der Anzahl zu jedem Zeitpunkt mit genau einer Phase des mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetzes koppelbar ist.

According to a fourth aspect, a method for operating a charging station for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle with electrical energy from a multi-phase subscriber network by means of a charging current provided at a number of output conductors is proposed. The procedure includes the steps:

• Detecting a coupling process of the energy store with the charging station, with a number of conductors of a charging cable, which transmits the charging current from the charging station to the energy store, being connected or disconnected to a corresponding number of output conductors of the number, and/or
• Receiving an electrical measured value from a measuring device integrated in the charging station, from a measuring device arranged in the multi-phase subscriber network and/or from a measuring device arranged in a connection point of the multi-phase subscriber network with a multi-phase energy supply network and/or receiving load information from the multi-phase subscriber network and/or the multi-phase power supply network,
• Determining an assignment of a number of specific phases of the multiphase subscriber network to a corresponding number of specific output conductors of the number as a function of the received measured electrical value and/or the received load information, and
• Coupling the number of specific phases of the multi-phase subscriber network with the corresponding number of specific output conductors of the number according to the assignment determined by means of a switching matrix that has a number of changeover relays, by means of which a respective output conductor of the number can be coupled with exactly one phase of the multi-phase subscriber network at any time .

This method has the advantage that the phases of the multiphase subscriber network to be loaded can be selected selectively depending on the electrical measured value and/or the load information for charging the energy store of the electric vehicle. In particular, this allows an optimal charging process to be carried out by loading that phase or those phases of the multi-phase subscriber network which can provide a maximum charging current at the respective point in time.

This method has the same advantages as explained for the charging station according to the third aspect. The embodiments described for the proposed charging station apply accordingly to the proposed method. Furthermore, the definitions and explanations for the device according to the first aspect and the charging station according to the third aspect also apply accordingly to the proposed method. The method is preferably carried out by means of a charging station according to the third aspect.

The detection of the coupling process of the energy store with the charging station includes in particular a detection of plugging or unplugging the charging cable into the charging station or from the charging station. Furthermore, the detection of the coupling process can include a detection of the maximum number of phases with which the energy store can be charged. This means that it can be detected whether an energy storage device to be charged in one phase, in two phases or in three phases has been coupled to the charging station. Furthermore, detecting the coupling process can include detecting the amount of energy the energy store or the charging electronics of the energy store requests and/or what charging power the energy store requests and/or what maximum and/or minimum charging power the energy store requests, and the like. It can also be said that detecting the pairing event involves a "negotiation" between the charging station and the energy storage device, in which the charging station and the energy storage device agree on the charging parameters used to charge the energy storage device.

With regard to the electrical measured value recorded by the measuring device and/or the received load information, what was said in connection with the device according to the first aspect applies accordingly.

It should be noted that receiving the electrical measurement and/or the load information is alternative or in addition to detecting the coupling event. In embodiments of the method, for example, only the coupling process is recorded, in further embodiments only the electrical measured value and/or the load information is received, and in further embodiments both the coupling process and the load information are recorded also receive the electrical measured value and/or the load information.

The number of specific phases of the multiphase subscriber network is preferably assigned to a corresponding number of specific output conductors in such a way that a charging power requested by the energy store and/or a currently maximum permissible charging power is provided.

It should be noted that the association determined may be the same association that is already present. This means that the switching matrix is not switched over in this case. In other words, a current coupling is already the one that satisfies the assignment determined.

In embodiments, depending on the electrical measured value and/or the load information, a current maximum permissible load capacity of each phase of the multi-phase subscriber network and/or the multi-phase energy supply network can be determined, with this taking into account in particular the official and/or official regulations at the respective location for the multi-phase subscriber network. or network operator specifications regarding a maximum load and/or a maximum unbalanced load of the multi-phase subscriber network. The current maximum permissible load is preferably redetermined regularly, for example at least once a minute, preferably at least once in thirty seconds, preferably at least once in ten seconds, more preferably at least once in five seconds. In particular, the current maximum permissible load capacity is always re-determined when the recorded electrical measured value and/or the load information changes or has changed.

Depending on the determined maximum permissible load, the assignment can also be determined in such a way that not all phases with which the energy store can be charged are used. This means that, for example, an energy store that is to be charged in three phases is possibly only charged in one phase or in two phases, or that an energy store that is to be charged in two phases is only charged in one phase.

The method can advantageously be used in connection with a number of charging stations, which are arranged, for example, in a charging park in a shared subscriber network, in order to operate each individual one of the number of charging stations.

According to one embodiment of the method, this includes negotiating a charging plan between the charging station and charging electronics of the energy store coupled to the charging station depending on the detected coupling process and/or the received measured value and/or the received load information and/or the determined assignment.

Negotiation takes place, for example, as described in ISO 15118. For example, the charging electronics of the energy store requests a specific charging power and the charging station, for example a control device of the charging station, determines whether the requested charging power can be provided. A current state of the subscriber network and/or the power supply network is taken into account in particular. If the requested charging power cannot be provided, the charging station can make a "counter-suggestion" which can be accepted by the charging electronics of the energy store, or the charging electronics can make its own request again. In this way, the charging station and the charging electronics communicate until the charging plan is negotiated. Negotiating the charging plan can be part of the pairing process when a battery is reconnected to the charging station.

The charging plan includes, for example, information about when the energy store draws which power via which coupled phase and the like. In particular, current electrical measured values, current load information and the like are taken into account here. In particular, the charging plan can also provide for the energy store to feed electrical energy into the subscriber network. In this way, peak loads in the subscriber network and/or in the power supply network can advantageously be compensated for or cushioned.

The negotiation of the load plan can be triggered by different events. In particular, the negotiation is not limited to the pairing process. Events that can trigger a renegotiation of the charging plan are, for example, changed electrical measured values, changed load information and/or other changes that affect the subscriber network and/or the energy supply network.

The charging plan can also be negotiated taking current energy prices into account. Furthermore, a change in an energy price can trigger a renegotiation of the charging plan.

The (re-)negotiation of the charging plan takes place in particular before the switching matrix switches, insofar as it is necessary to switch the switching matrix. The charging plan then includes in particular the period of switching switching matrix. In this case, the charging electronics automatically reduce the power drawn, for example according to the charging plan, in order to relieve the charging station, so that the switching matrix can be switched over in the unloaded state. After switching the switching matrix, the charging electronics ramp up the power drawn again according to the charging plan. You can also say that the charging station and the charging electronics are synchronized.

• Vergleichen der ermittelten Zuordnung mit einer aktuellen Zuordnung,
• Ermitteln, dass die ermittelte Zuordnung ein Umschalten der Schaltmatrix erfordert, in Abhängigkeit des Vergleichs mit der aktuellen Zuordnung,
• Ausgeben eines ersten Leistungs-Vorgabesignals an eine Ladeelektronik des mit der Ladestation gekoppelten Energiespeichers, bevor die Schaltmatrix umgeschaltet wird, und
• Ausgeben eines zweiten Leistungs-Vorgabesignals an die Ladeelektronik des mit der Ladestation gekoppelten Energiespeichers, nachdem die Schaltmatrix umgeschaltet ist.

According to a further embodiment of the method, this additionally comprises:

• Comparing the determined assignment with a current assignment,
• Determining that the assignment determined requires the switching matrix to be switched over, depending on the comparison with the current assignment,
• Outputting a first power specification signal to charging electronics of the energy store coupled to the charging station before the switching matrix is switched over, and
• Outputting a second power specification signal to the charging electronics of the energy store coupled to the charging station after the switching matrix has switched over.

The current assignment is in particular that which is present before or during the implementation of the method. The comparison of the determined assignment, the determination of the switching requirement and the outputting of the first default power signal takes place in particular before the determined assignment is set using the switching matrix. The outputting of the second default power signal takes place in particular after the assignment determined has been set by means of the switching matrix.

In the present case, the respective power specification signal is understood to mean, in particular, a signal that is transmitted from the charging station to the charging electronics of the energy store, for example by means of a PWM signal, and which includes a specification for a maximum power to be drawn or fed.

The first output default signal includes the specification “zero” as the maximum output, since the aim of this method step is for the charging electronics to interrupt or end charging before the switching matrix switches over.

As the maximum power, the second power specification signal includes a value which can be greater, less than or even equal to zero. A value less than 0 means, for example, that the energy store can feed electricity into the subscriber network, that is to say it can be discharged. Accordingly, a value greater than 0 means that the energy store is being charged with electricity from the subscriber network. The charging electronics can continue or resume charging of the energy store in accordance with the second power specification signal.

According to a further embodiment of the method, the second power specification signal is determined as a function of the detected coupling process and/or the received electrical measured value and/or the received load information, wherein the second power specification signal can in particular include an available power that differs from a previous power available after switching the switching matrix.

The second power specification signal preferably includes a current maximum possible power that is available for charging the energy store in accordance with the assignment determined.

In embodiments, the second power command signal is time-varying. This means that the second power specification signal can be changed at a later point in time without the switching matrix being switched over. This can be done in particular when the electrical measured value and/or the load information change and/or when updated price information is available. For example, it can be advantageous to leave the charging current at a low value or zero during a peak load phase in which the energy supply network is very heavily utilized overall, or even to feed energy from the energy store into the subscriber network, and at a later point in time , when the peak load phase is over, to increase the charging current.

The fact that the second power specification signal can include an available power that differs from a power available before the switching matrix was switched means, for example, that the available power was greater or smaller before the switchover.

• Vergleichen der ermittelten Zuordnung mit einer aktuellen Zuordnung,
• Ermitteln, dass die ermittelte Zuordnung ein Umschalten der Schaltmatrix erfordert, in Abhängigkeit des Vergleichs mit der aktuellen Zuordnung,
• Öffnen einer Leistungsschaltvorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen der Anzahl von Ausgangsleitern von dem mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetz, bevor die Schaltmatrix umgeschaltet wird, und
• Schließen der Leistungsschaltvorrichtung, nachdem die Schaltmatrix umgeschaltet ist.

According to a further embodiment of the method, this also includes:

• Comparing the determined assignment with a current assignment,
• Determining that the assignment determined requires the switching matrix to be switched over, depending on the comparison with the current assignment,
• Opening a circuit breaker device to safely disconnect the number of output lines tern from the polyphase subscriber network before the switching matrix is switched, and
• Closing the power switching device after the switching matrix is switched.

This embodiment ensures that the switching matrix is only switched over in the unloaded state. In this way, damage to the switching matrix in particular, but also to the charging station, the energy store or other elements can be avoided.

If the first and the second power specification signal are transmitted to the charging electronics, this occurs before the power switching device opens (first power specification signal) and after the power switching device closes (second power specification signal).

According to a fifth aspect, a system with multiple charging stations and with a device with a switching matrix according to the first aspect is proposed.

The advantage of such a system is that charging and load management is possible for the system, taking into account the multiple charging stations. In particular, a maximum charging power can be provided by means of a respective charging station by distributing the charging stations to the phases of the multiphase subscriber network in such a way that they do not have to compete for the available charging power.

The system includes at least two charging stations. The number of charging stations in the system is generally not limited. A respective charging station is set up to charge an energy store of an electric vehicle coupled to the charging station. In particular, the system can comprise a plurality of devices with a respective switching matrix according to the first aspect.

The multiple charging stations are preferably arranged in a common multi-phase subscriber network.

In embodiments, at least two of the multiple charging stations are located in different multi-phase subscriber networks. In this case, the system advantageously comprises at least one device with a switching matrix according to the first aspect for each subscriber network.

According to an embodiment of the system, the plurality of charging stations comprises a number of charging stations according to the third aspect.

The number of charging stations can include one, two, three, four, five, up to ten or even more than ten charging stations. In this embodiment, some of the charging stations therefore have an associated device with a switching matrix according to the first aspect. With these charging stations, an assignment of the phases of the multiphase subscriber network to the output conductors of the charging station can therefore be set individually for the individual charging station, as a result of which a very precise load distribution in the respective subscriber networks is possible.

According to a further embodiment of the system, a control device is provided for driving the switching matrix with a control signal for selectively switching to a specific switching state of the plurality of switching states. The control device is set up to evenly distribute the respective output conductors of the charging stations to the multiple phases of the multi-phase subscriber network using the switching matrix when there are a plurality of energy stores to be charged in a single-phase manner using a corresponding plurality of charging stations.

The fact that the respective output conductors of the charging stations are distributed evenly over the several phases of the multiphase subscriber network by means of the switching matrix means in particular that the distribution is carried out in such a way that no or only a minimal unbalanced load is generated in the subscriber.

This can prevent a maximum charging power that can be obtained from one phase from having to be divided between two or more energy storage devices in order to comply with the specifications relating to a maximum unbalanced load in the subscriber network. Overall, a plurality of energy stores to be charged in a single phase can thus be charged faster and more efficiently.

For example, if the multiphase subscriber network has three phases and three energy storage devices are charged in one phase, the switching state of the switching matrix is set in such a way that one energy storage device is charged in each case by means of one phase.

According to a further embodiment of the system, a control device is provided for controlling the switching matrix with a control signal for selectively switching to a specific switching state of the plurality of switching states, the control device being set up to, in the case of a plurality of energy stores to be charged, by means of a corresponding plurality of charging stations, wherein the plurality of energy stores to be charged at least one chargeable in two phases Energy store comprises, a first charging phase being provided by means of a first output conductor of the number and a second output phase by means of a second output conductor of the number being provided, the first and second charging phase being selectively assigned to two specific phases of the multi-phase subscriber network or only the first charging phase being assigned a specific phase of the multi-phase subscriber network assign and assign the second charging phase no phase of the multi-phase subscriber network.

In this embodiment, the control device is thus set up to charge an energy store that can be charged in two phases either in one phase or in two phases, depending on the current load on the multi-phase subscriber network.

In the present case, the fact that the energy store can be “charged in two phases” means that two current-carrying phases can be used for charging. This allows a higher charging current and a higher charging power to be transmitted. In the present case, the term “charging phase” means in particular a conductor of the charging cable that is provided as a phase or as an outer conductor of the charging cable.

The corresponding assignment of the charging phase to the phases of the subscriber network takes place in that the assigned phase of the subscriber network is assigned to the respective output conductor and connected to it by means of the switching matrix.

According to a further embodiment of the system, each of the multiple charging stations is designed according to the third aspect, and exactly one control device is provided for controlling the respective switching matrix of the multiple charging stations with a respective control signal for selectively switching to a respective specific switching state of the plurality of switching states. The respective specific switching state is determined as a function of an electrical measured value recorded by a measuring device integrated in one of the multiple charging stations and/or by a measuring device arranged in the multi-phase subscriber network and/or by a measuring device arranged in a connection point of the multi-phase subscriber network with a multi-phase energy supply network . Alternatively or additionally, the respective specific switching state can be determined as a function of received load information from the multi-phase power supply network and/or the multi-phase subscriber network.

In this embodiment, each charging station has a device with a switching matrix, so that an assignment of the phases of the multiphase subscriber network to the output conductors can be set individually for each charging station by means of the switching states of the switching matrix. This enables very precise charging and load management.

In particular, for the control device, such charging and load management is carried out as a function of the detected electrical measured value and/or as a function of the load information received, and controls the switching matrices accordingly.

According to a further embodiment of the system, each of the multiple charging stations is designed according to the third aspect and additionally has a control device. The control device of a respective charging station is for controlling the respective switching matrix of the respective charging station with a respective control signal for selective switching to a respective specific switching state of the plurality of switching states depending on one of a measuring device integrated in one of the several charging stations, of one in the multiphase subscriber network arranged measuring device and/or by a measuring device arranged in a connection point of the multi-phase subscriber network with a multi-phase energy supply network recorded electrical measured value and/or by received load information of the multi-phase energy supply network and/or the multi-phase subscriber network. In this case, the control device of a specific charging station is additionally set up to control each switching matrix of the plurality of charging stations for selectively switching the respective switching matrix into a respective specific switching state of the plurality of switching states.

In this embodiment, each charging station has a device with a switching matrix and its own control device. However, a specific control device of a specific charging station in the system is set up to set the switching state of the switching matrix assigned to the charging station for each charging station in the system. In this case, the respective switching matrix can be controlled indirectly via the control device of a respective charging station.

It can also be said that the specific control device within the system performs a leader function and the other control devices of the system perform a follower function. In other words, the control devices or charging stations of the system are divided according to a master-slave or leader-follower concept.

• Erfassen eines Kopplungsvorgangs wenigstens eines Energiespeichers mit wenigstens einer der Ladestationen, wobei eine Anzahl von Leitern eines Ladekabels, das den Ladestrom von der jeweiligen Ladestation an den jeweiligen Energiespeicher überträgt, mit einer entsprechenden Anzahl von Ausgangsleitern der Anzahl verbunden oder getrennt wird, und/oder
• Empfangen wenigstens eines elektrischen Messwerts von einer in einer der mehreren Ladestationen integrierten Messeinrichtung, von einer in dem mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetz angeordneten Messeinrichtung und/oder von einer in einem Anschlusspunkt des mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetzes mit einem mehrphasigen Energieversorgungsnetz angeordneten Messeinrichtung und/oder Empfangen einer Lastinformation des mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetzes und/oder eines mit dem mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetz verbundenen mehrphasigen Energieversorgungsnetzes,
• Ermitteln einer Zuordnung von einer Anzahl bestimmter Phasen des mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetzes zu einer entsprechenden Anzahl bestimmter Ausgangsleiter der Anzahl in Abhängigkeit des erfassten Kopplungsvorgangs und/oder des empfangenen elektrischen Messwerts und/oder der empfangenen Lastinformation, und
• Ansteuern der Schaltmatrix zum Koppeln der bestimmten Phase des mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetzes mit dem bestimmten Ausgangsleiter der Anzahl gemäß der ermittelten Zuordnung.

According to a sixth aspect, a method for operating a system with multiple charging stations is proposed. Each charging station is set up to charge an energy store of an electric vehicle, which can be coupled to the respective charging station, with electrical energy from a multi-phase subscriber network. The system includes a device with a switching matrix for providing a plurality of switching states, a respective switching state including an assignment of a specific phase of the multiphase subscriber network to a specific output conductor of a number of output conductors. The procedure includes the steps:

• Detection of a coupling process of at least one energy storage device with at least one of the charging stations, with a number of conductors of a charging cable, which transmits the charging current from the respective charging station to the respective energy storage device, being connected or disconnected to a corresponding number of output conductors of the number, and/or
• Receiving at least one electrical measured value from a measuring device integrated in one of the multiple charging stations, from a measuring device arranged in the multi-phase subscriber network and/or from a measuring device arranged in a connection point of the multi-phase subscriber network with a multi-phase energy supply network and/or receiving load information from the multi-phase subscriber network and /or a multi-phase energy supply network connected to the multi-phase subscriber network,
• Determining an assignment of a number of specific phases of the multiphase subscriber network to a corresponding number of specific output conductors of the number depending on the detected coupling process and/or the received electrical measured value and/or the received load information, and
• Activation of the switching matrix for coupling the specific phase of the multi-phase subscriber network to the specific output conductor of the number according to the association determined.

This method has the same advantages as explained for the system according to the fifth aspect. The embodiments described for the proposed system apply accordingly to the proposed method. Furthermore, the definitions and explanations for the device according to the first aspect, for the charging station according to the third aspect, for the method according to the fourth aspect and for the system according to the fifth aspect also apply accordingly to the proposed method. The method is preferably carried out with a system according to the fifth aspect.

It should be noted that the number of coupled energy stores and charging stations does not necessarily have to be the same. In this way, individual charging stations can also be set up to be coupled with a number of energy stores.

The detection of the coupling process of the at least one energy store with the at least one charging station includes in particular a detection of plugging or unplugging the charging cable into or from the charging station. Furthermore, the detection of the coupling process can include a detection of the maximum number of phases with which the energy store can be charged. This means that it can be detected whether an energy storage device to be charged in one phase, in two phases or in three phases has been coupled to the charging station.

Furthermore, detecting the coupling process can include detecting the amount of energy the energy store or the charging electronics of the energy store requests and/or what charging power the energy store requests and/or what maximum and/or minimum charging power the energy store requests, and the like.

According to one embodiment of the method, this includes negotiating a respective charging plan between the respective charging station and a respective charging electronics of the energy store coupled to the respective charging station depending on the detected coupling process and/or the received measured value and/or the received load information and/or the determined assignment .

Negotiation takes place, for example, as described in ISO 15118. For example, the charging electronics of the energy store requests a specific charging power and the charging station, for example a control device of the charging station, determines whether the requested charging power can be provided. A current state of the subscriber network and/or the power supply network is taken into account in particular. If the requested charging power cannot be provided, the charging station can make a "counter-suggestion" which can be accepted by the charging electronics of the energy store, or the charging electronics can make its own request again. In this way, the charging station and the charging electronics communicate until the charging plan is negotiated. Negotiating the charging plan can be part of the pairing process when a battery is reconnected to the charging station. The Hermit teln the assignment of the phases depending on the detected coupling process can therefore also be done in particular depending on the negotiated charging plan. In other words, the charging plan that has been negotiated may require a different assignment of the phases and thus also a switchover of the switching matrix.

The charging plan includes, for example, information about when the energy store draws which power via which coupled phase and the like. In particular, current electrical measured values, current load information and the like are taken into account here. In particular, the charging plan can also provide for the energy store to feed electrical energy into the subscriber network. In this way, peak loads in the subscriber network and/or in the power supply network can advantageously be compensated for or cushioned.

The negotiation of the load plan can be triggered by different events. In particular, the negotiation is not limited to the pairing process. Events that can trigger a renegotiation of the charging plan are, for example, changed electrical measured values, changed load information and/or other changes that affect the subscriber network and/or the energy supply network.

The charging plan can also be negotiated taking current energy prices into account. Furthermore, a change in an energy price can trigger a renegotiation of one or more charging plans.

The respective charging plan is preferably negotiated taking into account charging plans that have already been negotiated. For example, when negotiating a charging plan for a first energy store that is newly coupled to a first charging station, a charging plan that has already been negotiated for a second energy store that is coupled to a second charging station can be taken into account. Furthermore, several charging plans for different energy stores, each of which is coupled to a charging station, can be negotiated simultaneously and/or one after the other, for example according to a specific prioritization. Thus, negotiating a first charge plan may affect negotiating a second charge plan, and vice versa.

The (re-)negotiation of the charging plan takes place in particular before the switching matrix switches, insofar as it is necessary to switch the switching matrix.

The charging plan then includes in particular the time period for switching the switching matrix. Therefore, in this case, the charging electronics automatically reduces the power drawn, for example according to the charging plan, in order to relieve the charging station, so that the switching matrix can be switched over in the unloaded state. After switching the switching matrix, the charging electronics ramp up the power drawn again according to the charging plan. You can also say that the charging station and the charging electronics are synchronized.

• Vergleichen der ermittelten Zuordnung mit einer aktuellen Zuordnung,
• Ermitteln, dass die ermittelte Zuordnung ein Umschalten der Schaltmatrix erfordert, in Abhängigkeit des Vergleichs mit der aktuellen Zuordnung,
• Ausgeben eines ersten Leistungs-Vorgabesignals an eine Ladeelektronik des mit der Ladestation gekoppelten Energiespeichers, bevor die Schaltmatrix umgeschaltet wird, und
• Ausgeben eines zweiten Leistungs-Vorgabesignals an die Ladeelektronik des mit der Ladestation gekoppelten Energiespeichers, nachdem die Schaltmatrix umgeschaltet ist.

According to a further embodiment of the method, this additionally comprises:

• Comparing the determined assignment with a current assignment,
• Determining that the assignment determined requires the switching matrix to be switched over, depending on the comparison with the current assignment,
• Outputting a first power specification signal to charging electronics of the energy store coupled to the charging station before the switching matrix is switched over, and
• Outputting a second power specification signal to the charging electronics of the energy store coupled to the charging station after the switching matrix has switched over.

The current assignment is in particular that which is present before or during the implementation of the method. The comparison of the determined assignment, the determination of the switching requirement and the outputting of the first default power signal takes place, in particular before the determined assignment is set using the switching matrix. The second power specification signal is output, in particular after the assignment determined has been set by means of the switching matrix.

In the present case, the respective power specification signal is understood to mean, in particular, a signal that is transmitted from the charging station to the charging electronics of the energy store, for example by means of a PWM signal, and which includes a specification for a maximum power to be drawn or fed.

The first output default signal includes the specification “zero” as the maximum output, since the aim of this method step is for the charging electronics to interrupt or end charging before the switching matrix switches over.

As the maximum power, the second power specification signal includes a value which can be greater, less than or even equal to zero. Below a value less than 0 is understood, for example, that the energy store can feed electricity into the subscriber network, ie can be discharged. Accordingly, a value greater than 0 means that the energy store is being charged with electricity from the subscriber network. The charging electronics can continue or resume charging of the energy store in accordance with the second power specification signal.

According to a further embodiment of the method, the second power specification signal is determined as a function of the detected coupling process and/or the received electrical measured value and/or the received load information, wherein the second power specification signal can in particular include an available power that differs from a previous power available after switching the switching matrix.

The second power specification signal preferably includes a current maximum possible power that is available for charging the energy store in accordance with the assignment determined.

In embodiments, the second power command signal is time-varying. This means that the second power specification signal can be changed at a later point in time without the switching matrix being switched over. This can be done in particular when the electrical measured value and/or the load information change and/or when updated price information is available. For example, it can be advantageous to leave the charging current at a low value or zero during a peak load phase in which the energy supply network is very heavily utilized overall, or even to feed energy from the energy store into the subscriber network, and at a later point in time , when the peak load phase is over, to increase the charging current.

The fact that the second power specification signal can include an available power that differs from a power available before the switching matrix was switched means, for example, that the available power was greater or smaller before the switchover.

• Vergleichen der ermittelten Zuordnung mit einer aktuellen Zuordnung,
• Ermitteln, dass die ermittelte Zuordnung ein Umschalten der Schaltmatrix erfordert in Abhängigkeit des Vergleichs mit der aktuellen Zuordnung,
• Offnen einer Leistungsschaltvorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen der Anzahl von Ausgangsleitern von dem mehrphasigen Teilnehmernetz, bevor die Schaltmatrix umgeschaltet wird, und
• Schließen der Leistungsschaltvorrichtung, nachdem die Schaltmatrix umgeschaltet ist.

According to a further embodiment of the method, this also includes:

• Comparing the determined assignment with a current assignment,
• Determining that the assignment determined requires the switching matrix to be switched depending on the comparison with the current assignment,
• opening a power switching device for safely disconnecting the number of output conductors from the multi-phase subscriber network before switching the switching matrix, and
• Closing the power switching device after the switching matrix is switched.

This embodiment ensures that the switching matrix is only switched over in the unloaded state. In this way, damage to the switching matrix in particular, but also to the charging station, the energy store or other elements can be avoided.

If the first and the second power specification signal are transmitted to the charging electronics, this occurs before the power switching device opens (first power specification signal) and after the power switching device closes (second power specification signal).

According to a seventh aspect, a control device for controlling a switching state of at least one switching matrix arranged in a system with a plurality of charging stations is proposed. The switching matrix is set up to provide a plurality of switching states, with each switching state comprising an assignment of a specific phase of a multi-phase subscriber network to a specific output phase of a number of output phases, using the number of output phases a charging current for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle with electric Energy can be provided. The control device is designed to control the switching state as a function of an electrical measured value detected by a measuring device arranged in the multi-phase subscriber network and/or by a measuring device arranged in a connection point of the multi-phase subscriber network with a multi-phase energy supply network and/or of load information received from the multi-phase energy supply network and / or set up the multi-phase subscriber network and / or depending on a detected coupling process of an energy store with one of the charging stations of the system.

The switching matrix is designed, for example, like the switching matrix of the device according to the first aspect or like the switching matrix of the charging station according to the third aspect. The variants of the switching matrix described in the embodiments of the first aspect and/or the third aspect apply correspondingly to the seventh aspect.

The system can be limited to a single subscriber network, that is, that all charging stations of the system are arranged in a subscriber network.

In embodiments, the system comprises a number of subscriber networks, which means that at least two charging stations are arranged in different subscriber networks. In this case, each of the subscriber networks preferably has at least one switching matrix. In this case, the control device is set up to control the switching state of each of the several switching matrices as mentioned above.

The control device can be set up to directly control the respective switching matrix. Alternatively or additionally, the control device for the switching matrix determines the switching state and transmits a corresponding control command to a control unit assigned to the switching matrix, which then controls the switching matrix accordingly.

The control device can be operated, for example, by a network operator of an energy supply network to which the subscriber networks with the charging stations are connected. The network operator has full control over which phases of the respective subscriber network are loaded and to what extent. Since the multiple phases of the subscriber network are fed by corresponding phases of the energy supply network, the network operator can thus ensure increased security of supply. In addition, the network operator can, for example, specifically allow and/or generate an increased unbalanced load in individual subscriber networks in order to stabilize the energy supply network as a whole.

According to one embodiment of the control device, the control device is set up to control the respective switching state of a plurality of switching matrices arranged in the system with a plurality of charging stations.

According to a further embodiment, the control device is for controlling the switching state of at least one first switching matrix arranged in a first system with a plurality of charging stations as a function of a measuring device arranged in the first multiphase subscriber network and/or of a measuring device in a connection point of the first multiphase subscriber network electrical measured value recorded with the measuring device arranged in the multi-phase energy supply network and/or from load information received from the first multi-phase subscriber network and/or the multi-phase energy supply network, and is also set up to control the switching state of at least one second switching matrix arranged in a second multi-phase subscriber network as a function of one of a arranged in the second multi-phase subscriber network measuring device and / or in a connection point of the second multi-phase subscriber network with the more phase power supply network arranged measuring device detected measured electrical value and / or set up from a received load information of the second multi-phase subscriber network and / or the multi-phase power supply network.

According to a further embodiment of the control device, it is set up to determine at least one charging parameter for each of the multiple charging stations of the system as a function of the recorded electrical measured value and/or of the received load information, the charging parameter having a lower threshold value, a setpoint value and/or includes an upper threshold value for the magnitude of the charging current and/or a maximum number of phases to be used for charging, and is also set up to output a control signal to each charging station, including the charging parameters determined in each case.

In this embodiment, the control device can not only determine or influence the phases of the multiphase subscriber network to be loaded using the switching matrix, but can also control the charging power and the way in which it is provided. An even better balancing of unbalanced loads and/or a limitation of an overall load in individual subscriber networks or also in the power supply network is thus possible.

According to a further embodiment of the control device, this is for negotiating a respective charging plan between the respective charging station and a respective charging electronics of the energy store coupled to the respective charging station depending on the detected coupling process and/or the received measured value and/or the received load information and/or the ascertained assignment.

It can also be said that the control device performs global charging load management for the system with multiple charging stations and determines a global charging plan for the system. In particular, the global charging plan includes individual charging plans for each of the charging stations in the system.

Negotiation takes place, for example, as described in ISO 15118. For example, the charging electronics of the energy store requests a specific charging power and the control device determines whether the requested charging power can be provided. In particular, an up-to-date ler state of the subscriber network and / or the power supply network is taken into account. If the requested charging power cannot be provided, the control device can make a “counterproposal”, which can be accepted by the charging electronics of the energy store, or the charging electronics can make its own request again. In this way, the control device and the charging electronics communicate until the charging plan has been negotiated. Negotiating the charging plan can be part of the pairing process when a battery is reconnected to the charging station.

The charging plan includes, for example, information about the time at which the respective energy store draws what power via which coupled phase and the like. In particular, current electrical measured values, current load information and the like are taken into account here. In particular, the charging plan can also provide for the energy store to feed electrical energy into the subscriber network. In this way, peak loads in the subscriber network and/or in the power supply network can advantageously be compensated for or cushioned.

The negotiation of loading plans can be triggered by different events. In particular, the negotiation is not limited to the pairing process. Events that can trigger a renegotiation of the charging plan are, for example, changed electrical measured values, changed load information and/or other changes affecting the subscriber network, one of the electric vehicles and/or the energy supply network, in particular a connection or disconnection of another energy storage device from one additional charging station of the system. A change relating to one of the electric vehicles can also be new or changed information or specification by a user of the electric vehicle, which includes, for example, a desired departure time and/or a desired range. The range corresponds in particular to the state of charge of the energy store, i.e. the amount of energy available, at the time of departure. The changed specification or information from the user can be received, for example, from a mobile device of the user, in particular a smartphone, via a data network such as a LAN, a WLAN, a mobile network or the like.

The respective charging plan is preferably negotiated taking into account charging plans that have already been negotiated. For example, when negotiating a charging plan for a first energy store that is newly coupled to a first charging station, a charging plan that has already been negotiated for a second energy store that is coupled to a second charging station can be taken into account. Furthermore, several charging plans for different energy stores, each of which is coupled to a charging station, can be negotiated simultaneously and/or one after the other, for example according to a specific prioritization. Thus, negotiating a first charge plan may affect negotiating a second charge plan, and vice versa.

The respective charging plans can also be negotiated taking current energy prices into account. Furthermore, a change in an energy price can trigger a renegotiation of one or more charging plans.

"A" is not necessarily to be understood as being limited to exactly one element. Rather, a plurality of elements, such as two, three or more, can also be provided. Any other count word used here should also not be understood to mean that there is a restriction to precisely the stated number of elements. Rather, numerical deviations upwards and downwards are possible, unless otherwise stated.

Further possible implementations of the invention also include combinations of features or embodiments described above or below with regard to the exemplary embodiments that are not explicitly mentioned. The person skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the invention.

• 1 zeigt schematisch eine erste Anordnung zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers, umfassend eine Vorrichtung mit einer Schaltmatrix;
• 2 zeigt schematisch eine zweite Anordnung zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers, umfassend eine Vorrichtung mit einer Schaltmatrix;
• 3 zeigt schematisch eine dritte Anordnung zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers, umfassend eine Vorrichtung mit einer Schaltmatrix;
• 4 zeigt schematisch eine vierte Anordnung zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers, umfassend eine Vorrichtung mit einer Schaltmatrix;
• 5 zeigt schematisch eine fünfte Anordnung zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers, umfassend eine Vorrichtung mit einer Schaltmatrix;
• 6 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Systems mit einer Vorrichtung und mit mehreren Ladestationen;
• 7 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild einer fünften Anordnung zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers, umfassend eine Vorrichtung mit einer Schaltmatrix;
• 8 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild einer sechsten Anordnung zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers, umfassend eine Vorrichtung mit einer Schaltmatrix;
• 9 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Ladestation mit einer Vorrichtung mit einer Schaltmatrix;
• 10 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer Schaltmatrix;
• 11. zeigt eine Tabelle mit Schaltzuständen der Schaltmatrix der 10;
• 12 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels einer Schaltmatrix;
• 13. zeigt eine Tabelle mit Schaltzuständen der Schaltmatrix der 12;
• 14 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels einer Schaltmatrix;
• 15. zeigt eine Tabelle mit Schaltzuständen der Schaltmatrix der 14;
• 16 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Teilnehmernetzes mit mehreren Ladestationen und einer Vorrichtung mit einer Schaltmatrix;
• 17 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Teilnehmernetzes mit mehreren Ladestationen und einer Vorrichtung mit einer Schaltmatrix;
• 18 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines Systems mit einer Vorrichtung und mit mehreren Ladestationen;
• 19 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben einer Vorrichtung mit einer Schaltmatrix;
• 20 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben einer Ladestation; und
• 21 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben eines Systems.

Further advantageous refinements and aspects of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims and of the exemplary embodiments of the invention described below. The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred embodiments with reference to the enclosed figures.

• 1 shows schematically a first arrangement for charging an electrical energy store, comprising a device with a switching matrix;
• 2 shows schematically a second arrangement for charging an electrical energy store, comprising a device with a switching matrix;
• 3 shows schematically a third arrangement for charging an electrical energy store, comprising a device with a switching matrix;
• 4 shows schematically a fourth arrangement for charging an electrical energy store, comprising a device with a switching matrix;
• 5 shows schematically a fifth arrangement for charging an electrical energy store, comprising a device with a switching matrix;
• 6 shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a system with a device and with a plurality of charging stations;
• 7 shows a schematic block diagram of a fifth arrangement for charging an electrical energy store, comprising a device with a switching matrix;
• 8th shows a schematic block diagram of a sixth arrangement for charging an electrical energy store, comprising a device with a switching matrix;
• 9 shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a charging station with a device with a switching matrix;
• 10 shows a schematic block diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of a switching matrix;
• 11 . shows a table with the switching states of the switching matrix of 10 ;
• 12 shows a schematic block diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of a switching matrix;
• 13 . shows a table with the switching states of the switching matrix of 12 ;
• 14 shows a schematic block diagram of a third exemplary embodiment of a switching matrix;
• 15 . shows a table with the switching states of the switching matrix of 14 ;
• 16 shows a schematic block diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of a subscriber network with a plurality of charging stations and a device with a switching matrix;
• 17 shows a schematic block diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of a subscriber network with a plurality of charging stations and a device with a switching matrix;
• 18 shows a schematic block diagram of a further exemplary embodiment of a system with a device and with a plurality of charging stations;
• 19 shows a schematic block diagram of a method for operating a device with a switching matrix;
• 20 shows a schematic block diagram of a method for operating a charging station; and
• 21 shows a schematic block diagram of a method for operating a system.

Elements that are the same or have the same function have been provided with the same reference symbols in the figures, unless otherwise stated.

1 shows schematically a first arrangement for charging an electrical energy store 110 of an electric vehicle 108, comprising a device 10 with a switching matrix 20 (see 6 - 12 as well as 18).

In the example of 1 a multi-phase subscriber network 101 comprising the device 10 and a charging station 401 is connected to a multi-phase power supply network 100 by means of a connection point 120 . In this example, without loss of generality, it is a matter of three-phase power grids. The electric vehicle 108 is coupled to the charging station 401 by means of a charging cable 105 which is connected to a connection socket AB of the charging station 401 .

The charging station 401 can have a number of electrical and/or electronic components (not shown) and is set up to provide the charging current for charging the energy store 110 . The charging station 401 is coupled to a number of output conductors L1out-L3out of the device 10, via which the charging station 401 draws the charging current from the subscriber network 101. The device 10 is coupled to the phases L1-L3 of the multiphase subscriber network 101 on the input side. The switching matrix 20 of the device 10 comprises a number of changeover relays 301-312 (see 6 or 9 - 12 ) and is set up to have a plurality of switching states Z1 - Z34 (see 13 ) to provide, wherein a respective switching state Z1 - Z34 includes an assignment of a specific phase L1 - L3 of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 to a specific output conductor Llout - L3out of the number.

The charging station 401 has, in particular, fixed wiring, which means that the grid-side connections of the charging station 401, which are connected to the output conductors L1out - L3out, can be assigned to coupling points K1 - K3 (see Fig 4 or 5 ) of the connecting socket AB, which is connected to conductors L1* - L3*, N (see 4 or 5 ) of the charging cable 105 are connected. A load retrieved from the charging station 401 on one of the output conductors L1out-L3out can be assigned to a respective one of the three phases L1-L3 of the subscriber network 101 by means of the switching matrix 20 of the device 10. In this way, for example, an unbalanced load can be limited and/or compensated. In particular, in this way an optimal Charging current are provided because a limitation of the charging current due to an unfavorable unbalanced load that is generated in the subscriber network 101, for example, by other consumers or generators (not shown), does not have a limiting effect.

It should already be noted here that the device 10 is suitable for more than one charging station 401, i.e. that more than one charging station 401 can be connected to the output conductors L1out - L3out, as shown in FIGS 6 , 16 or 17 is shown.

2 shows schematically a second arrangement for charging an electrical energy store 110 of an electric vehicle 108, comprising a device 10 with a switching matrix 20. The arrangement of 2 has, for example, the same structure as that in FIG 1 shown on and differs from that of 1 essentially in that a counter 130, which can also be referred to as a measuring device, is additionally arranged in the multiphase subscriber network 101 before the device 10. The connection point 120 and the multi-phase power supply system 100 are for reasons of clarity in the 2 Not shown.

The counter 130 is set up in particular to record electrical measured values X of the phases L1 - L3 of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 and/or load information L of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 . The electrical measured values X or the load information L allow in particular a conclusion to be drawn about a current utilization or load of the phases L1-L3, and thus the presence of a current unbalanced load or the like. On the basis of the electrical measured values X and/or the load information L, an optimal switching state Z1 - Z34 (see 11 , 13 or 15 ) can be determined for the switching matrix 20 of the device 10, in which a maximum charging power for charging the energy store 110 can be called up. This is done in particular by a control device 50 (see 7 , 8th or 18 ) that receives the electrical measurement values X and/or the load information L from the meter 130 . In the 2 the counter 130 transmits the measured value X or the load information L to the device 10, for example.

It should be noted that the counter 130 can also be arranged on the output side of the device 10 . Since the device 10 in particular only connects the phases L1-L3 of the subscriber network 101 to the output conductors Llout-L3out of the device according to the respective switching state, the electrical measured values X are not influenced by the device 10. However, the arrangement on the input side of the device 10 is preferred.

3 shows schematically a third arrangement for charging an electrical energy store 110 of an electric vehicle 108, comprising a device 10 with a switching matrix 20 (see 6 - 12 as well as 18). The arrangement of 3 has, for example, the same structure as that in FIG 2 shown on and differs from that of 2 essentially in that the device 10 and the counter 130 are integrated in the charging station 401 in this example.

One like in the 3 The charging station 401 shown is particularly advantageous since it combines all the advantageous functions and is therefore independently set up to optimally charge an energy store 110 under different load conditions of the subscriber network 101 .

4 and 5 each schematically show a further arrangement for charging an electrical energy store 110 of an electric vehicle 108, comprising a device 10 with a switching matrix 20 (see 6-12 and 18 ). The device 10 is integrated in the charging station 401 in both figures. The arrangements may also include a counter 130, as illustrated in FIG 2 or 3 explained.

In the 4 In particular, a multi-phase subscriber network 101 is shown, which comprises three phases L1-L3 and a neutral conductor N. It is therefore, for example, a three-phase network as is used in mainland Europe. The neutral conductor N serves as a current-returning conductor. In this example, the neutral conductor N is looped through the charging station 401, which means that the output conductors L1out-L3out of the device 10 cannot be assigned to the neutral conductor N. The charging cable 105 is connected to the charging station 401 by means of the connection socket AB. In this case, the conductors L1*-L3*, N of the charging cable 105 are coupled to coupling points K1-K4 of the connection socket AB. In this example, the coupling points K1-K3 are connected to the output conductors L1out-L3out of the device 10 on the charging station 401 side, and the coupling point K4 is connected to the neutral conductor N. The charging cable 105 is connected to the connection socket AB in such a way that the conductors L1*-L3* are connected to the coupling points K1-K3 and the conductor N is connected to the coupling point K4. The conductors L1*-L3* can also be referred to as charging phases of the charging cable 105, since these conductors are live with this assignment. It should be noted that the charging cable 105 can include other conductors and/or signal connection cables, not shown here, and the same applies to the connection socket AB.

In the 5 is in contrast to that 4 a polyphase subscriber network 101 is shown, which includes three phases L1-L3, but no separate neutral conductor N. In such networks, one of the phases L1-L3 serves as a current-returning conductor. This means that if a load is connected to phases L1 and L2, only one of the two phases is live, the other is regenerating. Such a power grid is used in Norway, for example.

According to this network configuration, the connection socket AB has, for example, only three coupling points K1-K3. The charging cable 105 also includes three conductors L1*, L2*, N*, which are connected to the coupling points accordingly. In this case, the conductor N* is permanently provided as a current-returning conductor. In this configuration, the assignment of the output conductor L1out, which is connected to the coupling point K1, can be variable by means of the device 10. This means that the current-returning conductor N* of the charging cable can also be connected to different phases L1-L3 of the subscriber network 101.

6 shows a schematic block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a system 200 with a device 10 with a switching matrix 20 and with a plurality of charging stations 401-403. It should be noted that this illustration is not intended to explain how the changeover relays 301-303 of the switching matrix 20 are interconnected; this is done below using FIG 10 , 12 and 14 in detail.

The device 10 is coupled to three phases L1-L3 of a three-phase subscriber network 101 on the input side. At the output of the device 10 there are three output conductors L1out - L3out. Depending on the complexity of the switching matrix 20, the phases L1-L3 can be selectively assigned to the output conductors L1out-L3out by switching the switching matrix 20 to a corresponding switching state Z1-Z34 (see 11 , 13 and 15 combined with 10 , 12 and 14 ) is relocated.

In this example, the three charging stations 401-403 are coupled to the output conductors L1out-L3out in such a way that the same terminals of the charging stations 401-403 (identified with the numbers 1-3) are connected to different output phases L1out-L3out. This type of connection of consumers or generators in the subscriber network 101 ensures a uniform or also statistical distribution of the loaded phases, which can be advantageous for a balanced subscriber network 101. In particular, for example, the first phase L1 of the subscriber network 101 would quickly become overloaded if all single-phase consumers were connected to L1.

Each of the three charging stations 401 - 403 can be coupled to an energy store 110 to be charged by means of a charging cable 105 . It should be noted that the charging cable 105 and the energy store 200 are only shown here as an example and do not belong to the system 200 . Furthermore, only a subset of the charging stations 401-403 or none of the charging stations 401-403 can be coupled to an energy store 110.

Depending on the current loading of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 by the charging stations 401-403 and/or by other consumers or generators (not shown for reasons of clarity), the device 10 can be used to advantageously assign the output conductors L1out - L3out to the phases of the subscriber network L1 - L3 can be determined and adjusted. In particular, charging operation can be optimized in this way and the subscriber network 101 can advantageously be operated within preferred load ranges.

7 shows a schematic block diagram of a fifth arrangement for charging an electrical energy store 110, comprising a device 10 with a switching matrix 20. The device 10 can have all the features that are based on the 1 - 6 The same applies to the charging station 401, which is coupled to the output conductors L1out - L3out of the device 10.

In this example, the device 10 additionally has a control device 50 . The control device 50 is set up in particular to control the switching matrix 20 by means of a control signal SIG, the control signal SIG being used to switch the switching matrix 20 to a predetermined switching state Z1-Z34 (see FIG 11 , 13 or 15 ) of the switching states Z1-Z34 provided by the switching matrix 20. Furthermore, the control device 50 is set up to determine the predetermined switching state Z1-Z34 as a function of an electrical measured value X or load information L.

The electrical measured value X relates in particular to a current load on the phases L1 - L3 of the subscriber network 101 and is measured, for example, by a measuring device or a counter 130 (see 2 , 3 , 16 or 17 ) recorded in the charging station 401, in a connection point 120 (see 1 , 3 , 16 or 17 ) of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 with a multi-phase power supply network 100 (see 1 , 3 , 16 or 17 ) or at another point in the multi-phase part mernetz 101 can be arranged. In particular, a current unbalanced load in the subscriber network 101 can be determined on the basis of the electrical measured value X.

The load information L relates in particular to a current and/or expected future load distribution of the subscriber network 101, which is determined, for example, by a control unit (not shown) of the subscriber network 101. Alternatively or additionally, the load information L can relate to the energy supply network 100 and can be provided by a network operator of the energy supply network 100 .

The control device 50 is therefore able to determine an optimal assignment of the output conductors L1out-L3out to the phases L1-L3 at a particular point in time and also to implement this by means of the switching matrix 20. The optimal assignment can be determined from several points of view. The basic condition is always that the subscriber network 101 is operated within the specified limits, for example with regard to the permissible unbalanced load. If only a single energy store 110 is to be charged, then the optimal assignment is in particular that which enables the maximum charging power and thus the shortest charging time. If, for example based on the 6 explained, several energy storage devices 110 are to be charged at the same time, then the optimal allocation can be, for example, that which maximizes the overall charging capacity.

It should be noted that those in the 7 shown arrangement with the other arrangements of 1 - 6 and 8 - 18 compatible and can be combined with them as desired.

8th shows a schematic block diagram of a sixth arrangement for charging an electrical energy store 110, comprising a device 10 with a switching matrix 20. The arrangement of 8th has the same characteristics as the arrangement of the 7 . In addition, a power switching device 60 is provided, which is connected here between the charging station 401 and the charging cable 105 . The power switching device 60 is set up to safely disconnect the charging cable 105 from the charging station 401 independently of the load in order to interrupt the current flow in emergencies such as a short circuit in the electric vehicle or the like. To this end, the power switching device 60 has an open switching state in which no current can flow (as illustrated) and has a closed switching state in which current can flow. It should be noted that the power switching device 60 can also be arranged in front of the charging station 401 or in front of the device 10 . In embodiments, the power switching device 60 is part of the device 10 or the charging station 401.

In this example it is also provided that the switching matrix 20 can only be switched over when no current is flowing through the switching matrix 20 . This is ensured by the control device 50, which is set up to drive the switching matrix 20 with the control signal SIG, also receiving a safety signal from the power switching device 60, which includes the current switching state of the power switching device 60. Furthermore, the control device 50 can be set up to activate the power switching device 60 in order to put it into the open or closed switching state.

9 shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a charging station 401 with a device 10 with a switching matrix 20, which has three changeover relays 301-303 by way of example. In this example, the device 10 is thus integrated into the charging station 401 . This means that the phases L1-L3 of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 can be individually assigned to the output phases L1out-L3out of the charging station 401 using the device 10 for the charging station 401. The charging station 401 may include other features, for example based on the 1 - 8th and 10-21 are explained. Likewise, the device 10 may include other features, for example based on the 1 - 8th and 10-21 are explained.

10 shows a schematic block diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of a switching matrix 20, which is part of the device 10 of FIG 1 - 9 or 16 - 21 can be. In this example, the switching matrix 20 has a very simple structure. The switching matrix 20 includes, for example, three inputs L1in - L3in, to which phases L1 - L3 (see 1 - 9 or 16 - 18 ) of a multi-phase subscriber network 101 (see 1 - 9 or 16 - 18 ) to be connected. Furthermore, the switching matrix 20 has three output conductors L1out-L3out. It should be noted that the switching matrix 20 can also have fewer than three inputs L1in-L3in, fewer than three output conductors L1out-L3out, more than three inputs L1in-L3in and/or more than three output conductors L1out-L3out.

The task of the switching matrix 20 is to switch the inputs L1in - L3in depending on a specific switching state Z1 - Z34 (see 11 , 13 or 15 ) of the switching matrix 20 to the output conductors L1out - L3out. For this purpose, the switching matrix 20 of 10 two changeover relays 301, 302, in particular as a double coil relay are trained. Each of the changeover relays 301, 302 has two switch positions 0, 1. In the first switch position 0, a respective changeover relay 301, 302 connects a respective first node to a respective second node, and in the second switch position 1, the respective changeover relay 301, 302 connects the respective first node to a respective third node. The first, second and third node can also be referred to as the input or output of the respective changeover relay 301, 302. In the example of 10 the two changeover relays 301, 302 are in the first switching position 1.

The first changeover relay 301 is set up in the first switching position 0 for coupling the first output conductor L1out to the first input L1in and in a second switching position 1 for coupling the first output conductor L1out to the intermediate piece ZS1. The second changeover relay 302 is set up in the first switching position 0 for coupling the second input L2in to the second output conductor L2out and in the second switching position 1 for coupling the second input L2in to the intermediate piece ZS1. The first output conductor L1out can thus be selectively coupled to the first input L1in or to the second input L2in.

the 11 shows a table with the different switching states Z1 - Z4, with the switching matrix 20 of 10 are adjustable. In the table, the first column "Z" is the number of the switching state, the columns "301" and "302" contain the switching position of the respective changeover relay 301, 302, and the columns "L1out", "L2out" and "L3out" indicate , which of the inputs L1in - L3in is assigned to the respective output conductor L1out - L3out, with "NC" standing for "not connected", which means that the respective output conductor L1out - L3out in the relevant switching state Z1 - Z4 is not connected to any of the inputs L1in - L3in assigned.

It can be seen from the table that by means of the switching matrix 20 of 10 the first output conductor L1out may be selectively connected to the first input L1in, to the second input L2in, or not. The second output conductor L2out can optionally be connected to the second input L2in or not. The third output conductor L3out is here permanently assigned to the third input L3in. In particular, when using the switching matrix 20, it cannot happen that a short circuit occurs between two inputs L1in - L3in or output conductors L1out - L3out, even if one of the relays 301 - 312 changes the switching position spontaneously or due to a control error.

12 shows a schematic block diagram of a second embodiment of a switching matrix 20, which is part of the device 10 of FIG 1 - 9 or 16 - 21 can be. The switching matrix 20 includes, for example, three inputs L1in - L3in, to which phases L1 - L3 (see 1 - 9 or 16 - 18 ) of a multi-phase subscriber network 101 (see 1 - 9 or 16 - 18 ) to be connected. Furthermore, the switching matrix 20 has three output conductors L1out-L3out. It should be noted that the switching matrix 20 can also have fewer than three inputs L1in-L3in, fewer than three output conductors L1out-L3out, more than three inputs L1in-L3in and/or more than three output conductors L1out-L3out.

The switching matrix 20 of 12 has four changeover relays 301-304, whose function corresponds to that as shown in FIG 10 has already been explained. Furthermore, the switching matrix 20 includes four intermediate pieces ZS1-ZS4, which are used to connect the changeover relays 301-304 to one another.

The first changeover relay 301 is set up in the first switching position 0 for coupling the first output conductor L1out to the first input L1in and in the second switching position 1 for coupling the first output conductor L1out to the first intermediate piece ZS1. The second changeover relay 302 is set up in the first switching position 0 for coupling the second input L2in to the second output conductor L2out and in the second switching position 1 for coupling the second input L2in to the second intermediate piece ZS2. The third changeover relay 303 is set up in the first switching position 0 for coupling the third input L3in to the third output conductor L3out and in the second switching position 1 for coupling the third input L3in to the third intermediate piece ZS3. The fourth changeover relay 304 is set up in the first switching position 0 to couple the first intermediate piece ZS1 to the second intermediate piece ZS2 and in the second switching position 1 to couple the first intermediate piece ZS1 to the third intermediate piece ZS3. The first output conductor L1out can thus be selectively coupled to each of the three inputs L1in-L3in.

the 13 shows a table with different switching states Z1 - Z7, with the switching matrix 20 of 12 are adjustable. In the table, the first column "Z" is the number of the switching state, the columns "301" - "304" contain the switching position of the respective changeover relay 301 - 304, with an "x" meaning that the switching position of the respective relay has no influence on has the assignment, and the columns "L1out", "L2out" and "L3out" indicate which of the inputs L1in - L3in is assigned to the respective output conductor L1out - L3out, where "NC" stands for "not connected", which means, that the respective output conductor L1out - L3out is not assigned to any of the inputs L1in - L3in in the relevant switching state Z1 - Z7.

The table does not include all combinatorial possible switching states that can be set with the switching matrix 20, but only a number of specific switching states.

It can be seen from the table that by means of the switching matrix 20 of 12 the first output conductor L1out can be selectively connected to each of the inputs L1in - L3in or not connected at all. The second output conductor L2out can optionally be connected to the second input L2in or not. The third output conductor L3out may or may not be connected to the third input L3in. In particular, when using the switching matrix 20, it cannot happen that a short circuit occurs between two inputs L1in - L3in or output conductors L1out - L3out, even if one of the relays 301 - 312 changes the switching position spontaneously or due to a control error.

14 shows a schematic block diagram of a third embodiment of a switching matrix 20, which is part of the device 10 of FIG 1 - 9 or 16 - 21 can be. The switching matrix 20 includes, for example, three inputs L1in - L3in, to which phases L1 - L3 (see 1 - 9 or 16 - 18 ) of a multi-phase subscriber network 101 (see 1 - 9 or 16 - 18 ) to be connected. Furthermore, the switching matrix 20 has three output conductors L1out-L3out. It should be noted that the switching matrix 20 can also have fewer than three inputs L1in-L3in, fewer than three output conductors L1out-L3out, more than three inputs L1in-L3in and/or more than three output conductors L1out-L3out.

The switching matrix 20 of 12 has twelve changeover relays 301-312, the function of which corresponds to that based on FIG 10 has already been explained. Furthermore, the switching matrix 20 includes fifteen intermediate pieces ZS1-ZS15, which are used to connect the changeover relays 301-312 to one another.

The first changeover relay 301 is set up in the first switching position 0 to couple the first input L1in to the second intermediate piece ZS2 and in the second switching position 1 to couple the first input L1in to the first intermediate piece ZS1. The second changeover relay 302 is set up in the first switching position 0 for coupling the second adapter ZS2 to the fourth adapter ZS4 and in the second switching position 1 for coupling the second adapter ZS2 to the third adapter ZS3. The third changeover relay 303 is set up in the first switching position 0 to couple the second input L2in to the sixth intermediate piece ZS6 and in the second switching position 1 to couple the second input L2in to the fifth intermediate piece ZS5. The fourth changeover relay 304 is set up in the first switching position 0 to couple the sixth intermediate piece ZS6 to the eighth intermediate piece ZS8 and in the second switching position 1 to couple the sixth intermediate piece ZS6 to the seventh intermediate piece ZS7. The fifth changeover relay 305 is set up in the first switching position 0 to couple the third input L3in to the tenth intermediate piece ZS10 and in the second switching position 1 to couple the third input L3in to the ninth intermediate piece ZS9. The sixth changeover relay 306 is set up in the first switching position 0 to couple the tenth intermediate piece ZS10 to the twelfth intermediate piece ZS12 and in the second switching position 1 to couple the tenth intermediate piece ZS10 to the eleventh intermediate piece ZS11. The seventh changeover relay 307 is set up in the first switching position 0 for coupling the first output conductor L1out to the first intermediate piece ZS1 and in the second switching position 1 for coupling the first output conductor L1out to the thirteenth intermediate piece ZS13. The eighth changeover relay 308 is set up in the first switching position 0 to couple the thirteenth intermediate piece ZS13 to the eighth intermediate piece ZS8 and in the second switching position 1 to couple the thirteenth intermediate piece ZS13 to the twelfth intermediate piece ZS12. The ninth changeover relay 309 is set up in the first switching position 0 to couple the second output conductor L2out to the fifth intermediate piece ZS5 and in the second switching position 1 to couple the second output conductor L2out to the fourteenth intermediate piece ZS14. The tenth changeover relay 310 is set up in the first switching position 0 to couple the fourteenth intermediate piece ZS14 to the eleventh intermediate piece ZS11 and in the second switching position 1 to couple the fourteenth intermediate piece ZS14 to the fourth intermediate piece ZS4. The eleventh changeover relay 311 is set up in the first switching position 0 to couple the third output conductor L3out to the ninth intermediate piece ZS9 and in the second switching position 1 to couple the third output conductor L3out to the fifteenth intermediate piece ZS15. The twelfth changeover relay 312 is set up in the first switching position 0 to couple the fifteenth intermediate piece ZS15 to the third intermediate piece ZS3 and in the second switching position 1 to couple the fifteenth intermediate piece ZS15 to the seventh intermediate piece ZS7.

the 15 shows a table with different switching states Z1 - Z34, with the switching matrix 20 of 14 are adjustable. In the table, the first column "Z" is the number of the switching state, the columns "301" - "304" contain the switching position of the respective changeover relay 301 - 304, whereby an "x" means that the switching position of the respective relay has no influence on the assignment, and the columns "L1out", "L2out " and "L3out" indicate which of the inputs L1in - L3in is assigned to the respective output conductor L1out - L3out, with "NC" standing for "not connected", which means that the respective output conductor L1out - L3out in the relevant switching state Z1 - Z34 is not assigned to any of the inputs L1in - L3in.

The table does not include all combinatorial possible switching states that can be set with the switching matrix 20, but only a number of specific switching states.

It can be seen from the table that by means of the switching matrix 20 of 14 any assignment of the output conductors L1out - L3out to the inputs L1in - L3in is possible. That is, each output conductor L1out - L3out may or may not be connected to each input L1in - L3in. In particular, when using the switching matrix 20, it cannot happen that a short circuit occurs between two inputs L1in - L3in or output conductors L1out - L3out, even if one of the relays 301 - 312 changes the switching position spontaneously or due to a control error.

16 shows a schematic block diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of a multiphase subscriber network 101 with a plurality of charging stations 401-412 and a plurality of devices 10A-10C, each of which has a switching matrix 20 (see 6 - 10 , 12 or 14 ) exhibit. In addition, the devices 10A-10C each have a control device 50 (see 7 , 8th or 18 ) which are used to control the respective switching matrix 20 to set a specific switching state Z1-Z34 (see 11 , 13 or 15 ) is set up. The subscriber network 101 is connected to a multi-phase power supply network 100 by means of the connection point 120 . In this example, the energy supply network 100 and the subscriber network 101 each have three phases L1-L3. This does not preclude the power supply network 100 and/or the subscriber network 101 from being able to have more or fewer than three phases in other embodiments. Furthermore, further lines, such as a neutral conductor and/or a protective conductor, can be provided, which are not shown in this example for reasons of clarity.

A measuring device 130 is arranged directly after the connection point 120 . This is set up to record an electrical measured value X of at least one of the phases L1-L3. On the basis of the electrical measured value X, a load of a respective phase L1-L3 and an unbalanced load in the subscriber network 101 can be determined, for example.

In this example, the subscriber network 101 has three branches, with a device 10A-10C being provided for each of the branches. The branches therefore each have three phases, which are coupled to the output conductors L1out - L3oput of the respective devices 10A - 10C. Each branch here includes, for example, four charging stations 401-404, 405-408, 409-412, which are each coupled to an energy store 110 by means of a charging cable 105. In particular, the various charging stations 401-412 are connected to the output conductors L1out-L3out in different ways. This is indicated by the small digits 1, 2, 3 for each charging station 401-412, with each digit standing for a specific connection of the respective charging station. For example, port 1 of the charging station 401 is connected to the first output conductor L1out, port 1 of the charging station 402 is connected to the third output conductor L3out. This type of connection makes it possible to avoid, for example, all energy stores 110 to be charged in a single phase drawing the charging power from the first phase L1 or the first output conductor L1out of the respective device 10A-10C. This is particularly evident from the three charging stations 409 - 411. In the example, these are each connected to a single-phase energy store 110 . The interconnection of a respective charging station 401 - 412 is in particular such that a specific input-side connection of the respective charging station 401 - 412, i.e. one of the connections 1, 2 or 3, is connected to a specific coupling point K1 - K4 (see 4 or 5 ) of the connection socket AB (see 4 or 5 ) is connected, for example port 1 is connected to coupling point K1. In the case of a single-phase charging energy store 110, the charging power is always provided at the same coupling point K1-K4, since the assignment of the charging cable 105 is fixed. If the charging stations 409 - 411 were all connected in the same way to the output conductors L1out - L3out, for example connection 1 was always connected to the first output conductor L1out, then the three energy stores 110 fed by these charging stations 409 - 411 would all be fed by the same output conductor L1out - L3out . Like in the 16 As shown, port 1 of charging stations 409 - 411 is connected to different output conductors L1out - L3out (the same applies to ports 2 and 3) and therefore charging power is provided by different output conductors L1out - L3out. In particular, therefore, no unbalanced load is generated if the energy memory 110 can be charged with the same charging power.

Furthermore, this example indicates that different energy stores 110 can be charged with a different number of phases. This is represented by multiple connections of the charging cable 105 in question. The subscriber network 101 can have more branches and/or more consumers and/or producers than in FIG 16 are shown.

In the configuration of 16 an assignment of a phase L1-L3 of the subscriber network 101 to the respective output conductors L1out-L3out can be carried out for a respective branch of the subscriber network 101 by means of the respective device 10A, 10B and 10C. Preferably, the switching matrix 20 of the devices 10A-10C is as shown in FIG 14 explained formed so that any possible assignment of the phases L1- L3 to the output conductors L1out - L3out is made possible. If, for example, an unbalanced load is determined on the basis of the electrical measured value X, a suitable change in the switching state Z1 - Z34 of one or more of the devices 10A - 10C can be used to compensate for the unbalanced load and/or to increase a possible charging capacity. This also depends in particular on the current occupancy of the charging stations 401-412. The optimal switching state Z1-Z34 of the respective switching matrix 20 can therefore change at any time, in particular when one of the energy stores 110 is disconnected from the respective charging station 401-412. In specific embodiments it can be provided that the control devices 50 exchange data with one another in order to determine the optimal switching state in each case. Furthermore, one of the control devices 50 can be configured to control the other control devices 50, as shown in FIG 18 is explained in detail.

17 shows a schematic block diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of a subscriber network 101 with a plurality of charging stations 401-412 and a device 10 with a switching matrix 20 (see FIG 6 - 10 , 12 or 14 ). the 17 has the same structure as the 16 , which is why not all details are described again here. Unlike that 16 However, only a single device 10 with a switching matrix 20 is present here. Therefore, the possibilities of compensating for an unbalanced load by switching the switching matrix 20 and/or increasing the overall charging power are less extensive in this exemplary embodiment than in the example in FIG 16 .

In further exemplary embodiments (not shown), for example, a first device 10 is arranged behind the first branch of the subscriber network 101 to which the charging stations 401-404 are connected. Additionally or alternatively, a device 10 is arranged behind the second branch of the subscriber network 101, to which the charging stations 405-408 are connected. In further embodiments, each charging station 401-412 has a device 10 with a switching matrix 20, so that for each charging station 401-412 the phases L1-L3 can be assigned individually to the respective output conductors L1out-L3out. In addition, each charging station 401 - 412 can have a measuring device 130 .

18 shows a schematic block diagram of a further exemplary embodiment of a system 200, the system 200 in this example comprising three charging stations 401-403, each of which comprises a device 10 with a switching matrix 20 and additionally has a control device 50 which is set up to control the respective To control switching matrix 20 by means of a control signal SIG. The charging stations 401-403 are connected to the same phases L1, L2, L3 of the subscriber network 101 with their connections 1, 2, 3. It should be noted that this does not necessarily have to be the case. Since each charging station 401-403 has its own switching matrix, the phases L1-L3 can be assigned individually to the respective output conductors L1out-L3out for each charging station 401-403. The respective switching matrix 20 can, for example, as shown in FIG 10 , 12 or 14 explained be trained. For example, an energy store 110 to be charged is connected to each of the charging stations 401 - 403 by means of a respective charging cable 105 . This can involve energy stores 110 to be charged in one phase, two phases or also three phases and corresponding charging cables 105 .

The control devices 50 are communicatively connected to one another via a data bus BUS. The control devices 50 can, for example, exchange control signals SIG and/or status data of the respective charging station 401-403 with one another via the data bus BUS. The status data can, for example, include data on the respective connected energy store 110, such as a requested charging power or the like. The data bus BUS can be wired and/or wireless. Using the data bus BUS, it is possible for a control device 50 to control the respective switching state Z1 - Z34 (see 11 , 13 or 15 ) of all three switching matrices 20 takes over. For this purpose, for example, the control device 50 of the charging station 401 is designed as a leader or master, with the other control devices 50 being designed as followers or slaves.

The leader control device 50 receives, for example, an electrical measured value X and/or load information L, as already explained above with reference to FIG 7 , 8th or 16 explained. On the basis of the received data X, L, the control device 50 determines a particular switching state Z1-Z34 for the switching matrices 20 in order to achieve optimal performance of the system 200. In embodiments it is provided that the control device 50 additionally takes into account the status data which the leader control device 50 receives from the follower control devices 50 as well as its own status data. The leader control device 50 transmits the respective switching state Z1 - Z34 to the follower control devices 50, which then controls their respective switching matrix 20 by means of the control signal SIG and thus the specific switching state, which is determined by the leader control device 50 and transmitted via the data bus BUS was set.

19 shows a schematic block diagram of a method for operating a device 10, for example one of the in 1 - 9 and 16-18 shown devices 10, with a switching matrix 20 (see 6 - 10 , 12 , 14 or 18 ) for a number of charging stations 401 - 412 (see 1 - 9 and 16 - 18 ) for charging an energy store 110 (see 1 - 8th and 16 - 18) of an electric vehicle 108 (see 1 - 5 ) with electrical energy from a multi-phase subscriber network 101 that can be coupled to the device 10 (see 1 - 9 and 16 - 18) by means of one of a number of output conductors L1out - L3out (see 1 - 10 , 12 , 14 and 16 - 18) provided charging current.

In a first step S10, a measured value X (see 2 , 7 , 8th or 16 - 18 ) received by a measuring device 130 (see 2 , 3 , 16 or 17 ), from a measuring device 130 arranged in the multiphase subscriber network 101 and/or from a measuring device 130 in a connection point 120 (see 1 , 3 , 16 or 17 ) of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 with a multi-phase power supply network 100 (see 1 , 3 , 16 or 17 ) arranged measuring device 130 is recorded and/or load information L (see 7 , 8th or 18 ) of the multi-phase power supply network 100 and/or the multi-phase subscriber network 101 received.

In a second step S11, a specific switching state Z1 - Z34 (see 11 , 13 or 15 ). 1 - 10 , 12 , 14 and 16 - 18) of the multiphase subscriber network 101 to a certain output conductor L1out - L3out of the number.

In a third step S12, the switching matrix 20 is activated to provide the determined switching state Z1-Z34.

This method is constantly repeated during the operation of the device 10, so that it is possible to react to a change in the electrical measured value X and/or the load information L at any time.

If it is necessary to switch over the switching matrix 20, a signal is preferably output to the energy store 110 that the energy flow is interrupted. This can be done on the basis of the ISO 151108 communication standard, for example. The charging station 401 - 412 reports an interruption and the charging process is terminated. The charging station 401 - 412 switches the switching matrix 20 over and the charging process can then be continued. In this case, in particular, a charging plan can be negotiated between the charging station 401-412 and the energy store 110 or the charging electronics, according to which the charging process is carried out. The charging plan includes, for example, information about how much power is drawn from which phase and/or how much power is drawn at what time and the like.

Alternatively, the energy store 110 or the charging electronics can be informed by means of a PWM signal that no more energy should be drawn. If the energy consumption has been set, the switchover can take place. The energy store 110 or the charging electronics are then informed via the PWM signal that charging can take place again.

If the flow of energy is terminated by the charging station 401-412 without this having been signaled to the energy storage device 110 beforehand, the energy storage device 110 or the charging electronics go into an error state. For example, to overcome the error condition, a plug and unplug operation may be simulated to allow the vehicle 108 to continue charging.

20 shows a schematic block diagram of a method for operating a charging station, for example one of the in 1 - 9 and 16 - 18 charging stations shown, for Loading an energy store 110 (see 1 - 8th and 16 - 18) of an electric vehicle 108 (see 1 - 5 ) with electrical energy from a multi-phase subscriber network 101 (see 1 - 9 and 16 - 18) by means of one of a number of output conductors L1out - L3out (see 1 - 10 , 12 , 14 and 16 - 18) provided charging current.

In a first step S20, a coupling process of the energy store 110 with the charging station 401-412 is detected. The coupling takes place in particular by means of a charging cable 105 (see 1 - 8th and 16 - 18), which transmits the charging current from the charging station 401 - 412 to the energy store 110. When coupling, a number of conductors L1* - L3*, N* (see 4 or 5 ) of the charging cable 105 with a corresponding number of output conductors L1out - L3out of the number connected or disconnected by plugging the charging cable 105 into a connection socket AB (see 1 - 5 ) of the charging station 401 - 412 is plugged in or removed from it.

In a second step S21, which is in addition to or as an alternative to the first step S20, an electrical measured value X (see 2 , 7 , 8th or 16 - 18 ) from a measuring device 130 integrated in the charging station 401 - 412 (see 2 , 3 , 16 or 17 ) and/or by a measuring device 130 arranged in the multiphase subscriber network 101 and/or by a measuring device 130 in a connection point 120 (see 1 , 3 , 16 or 17 ) of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 with a multi-phase power supply network 100 (see 1 , 3 , 16 or 17 ) arranged measuring device 130 is received and/or load information L (see 2 , 7 , 8th or 16 - 18 ) of the multiphase subscriber network 101 and/or of the multiphase energy supply network 100 connected to the multiphase subscriber network 101.

Optionally, a current maximum permissible load of each phase L1-L3 (see 1 - 10 , 12 , 14 and 16-18) of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 and/or the multi-phase energy supply network 100 as a function of the received electrical measured value X and/or the received load information L.

In a third step S22, an assignment of a number of specific phases L1-L3 of the multiphase subscriber network 101 to a corresponding number of specific output conductors L1out-L3out is determined depending on the number of detected coupling processes, the received electrical measured value and/or the received load information.

In a fourth step S23, the number of specific phases L1-L3 of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 is compared with the corresponding number of specific output conductors L1out-L3out according to the determined assignment using a switching matrix 20 (see 6 - 10 , 12 , 14 or 18 ) coupled. The switching matrix 20 has a number of changeover relays 301-312 (see 6 , 10 , 12 or 14 ) by means of which a respective output conductor L1out-L3out of the number is assigned to exactly one phase L1-L3 of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 at any given time. The switching matrix 20 is, for example, as shown in FIG 10 , 12 or 14 formed and is set up to a number of switching states Z1 - Z34 (see 11 , 13 or 15 ) to provide.

21 shows a schematic block diagram of a method for operating a system 200 (see 6 or 18 ) with several charging stations 401 - 412 (see 1 - 9 and 16 - 18 ), each charging station 401-412 for charging an energy store 110 that can be coupled to the respective charging station 401-412 (see 1 - 8th and 16 - 18) of an electric vehicle 108 (see 1 - 5 ) with electrical energy from a multi-phase subscriber network 101 (see 1 - 9 and 16 - 18) is set up, and with a device 10 ( 1 - 9 and 16 - 18) with a switching matrix 20 (see 6 - 10 , 12 , 14 or 18 ) for providing a plurality of switching states Z1 - Z34 (see 11 , 13 or 15 ), whereby a respective switching state Z1 - Z34 means an assignment of a certain phase L1 - L3 (see 1 - 10 , 12 , 14 as well as 16 - 18) of the multiphase subscriber network 101 to a specific output conductor L1out - L3out (see 1 - 10 , 12 , 14 and 16 - 18) a number of output conductors L1out - L3out.

In a first step S30, a coupling process of at least one energy store 110 with at least one of the charging stations 401 - 412 is detected, with a respective number of conductors L1* - L3*, N* of a charging cable 105 that carries the charging current from the respective charging station 401 - 412 transmits to the respective energy store 110, is connected or disconnected to a corresponding number of output conductors L1out-L3out of the number. The detection of the coupling process can include detecting the charging technology with which a respective energy storage device is to be charged, whether the respective energy storage device is to be charged in one, two or three phases, the maximum charging power with which the respective energy storage device is to be charged and what the current state of charge is and/or what amount of energy the respective energy store 110 has requested. In embodiments, detecting the coupling process can include negotiating a charging plan between the respective charging station 401 - 412 and the respective energy store 110 .

In a second step S31, which is in addition to or as an alternative to the first step S30, at least one electrical measured value X (see 2 , 7 , 8th or 16 - 18 ) from a measuring device 130 integrated in one of the several charging stations 401 - 412 (see 2 , 3 , 16 or 17 ) and/or by a measuring device 130 arranged in the multiphase subscriber network 101 and/or by a measuring device 130 in a connection point 120 (see 1 , 3 , 16 or 17 ) of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 with a multi-phase power supply network 100 (see 1 , 3 , 16 or 17 ) arranged measuring device 130 is received and/or load information L of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 and/or the multi-phase energy supply network 100 is received.

Optionally, a current maximum permissible load capacity of each phase L1-L3 of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 and/or the multi-phase energy supply network 100 can be determined as a function of the electrical measured value X received and/or the load information L received. The maximum load capacity is determined, in particular, as a function of official, legal and/or network operator specifications for a permissible unbalanced load in the subscriber network 101 .

In a third step S32, an assignment of a number of specific phases L1-L3 of the multiphase subscriber network 101 to a corresponding number of specific output conductors L1out-L3out is determined as a function of the determined maximum permissible load.

In a fourth step S33, the switching matrix 20 is controlled in such a way that the specific phase L1-L3 of the multi-phase subscriber network 101 is coupled to the specific output conductor L1out-L3out of the number according to the assignment determined. This is done, for example, by a control device 50 (see FIG 7 , 8th or 18 ), which has a control signal SIG (see 7 , 8th or 18 ) to the switching matrix 20, which causes the switching matrix 20 to switch to the switching state Z1 -Z34 (see 11 , 13 or 15 ) that provides the determined assignment.

Although the present invention has been described on the basis of embodiments, it can be modified in many ways.

Reference List

0

switch position

1

switch position (in the 10 , 12 and 14 )

1

connection (in the 6 , 16 , 17 and 18 )

2

connection

3

connection

10

contraption

10A

contraption

10B

contraption

10C

contraption

20

switching matrix

50

control device

60

power switching device

100

multi-phase power supply network

101

multiphase subscriber network

105

charging cable

108

electric vehicle

110

energy storage

120

connection point

130

counter

200

system

301

changeover relay

302

changeover relay

303

changeover relay

304

changeover relay

305

changeover relay

306

changeover relay

307

changeover relay

308

changeover relay

309

changeover relay

310

changeover relay

311

changeover relay

312

changeover relay

401

charging station

402

charging station

403

charging station

404

charging station

405

charging station

406

charging station

407

charging station

408

charging station

409

charging station

410

charging station

411

charging station

412

charging station

AWAY

connection socket

BUS

communication link

K1

coupling point

K2

coupling point

K3

coupling point

K4

coupling point

L

load information

L1

phase

L1*

director

L2

phase

L2*

director

L3

phase

L3*

director

L1in

Entry

L2in

Entry

L3in

Entry

L1out

exit conductor

L2out

exit conductor

L3out

exit conductor

N

neutral wire

N*

director

S10

process step

S11

process step

S12

process step

S20

process step

S21

process step

S22

process step

S23

process step

S24

process step

S30

process step

S31

process step

S32

process step

S33

process step

S34

process step

SIG

control signal

X

reading

Z1 - Z34

switching state

ZS1 - ZS15

spacer

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• EP 2882607 B1 [0002]
• EP 3245702 B1 [0005]
• EP 3184352 A1 [0006]
• DE 102017100138 A1 [0007]

Claims (33)

Device (10) for a number of charging stations (401 - 412) for charging an energy store (110) of an electric vehicle (108) with electrical energy from a multi-phase subscriber network (101) that can be coupled to the device (10) by means of one of a number of output conductors (L1out - L3out) provided charging current, with a switching matrix (20) for providing a plurality of switching states (Z1 - Z34), a respective switching state (Z1 - Z34) an assignment of a specific phase (L1 - L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) to a specific output conductor (L1out - L3out) of the number, where the switching matrix (20) has a number of changeover relays (301 - 312), each changeover relay (301 - 312) connecting a first node to a second node in a first switching position (0) and the first node in a second switching position (1). connects to a third node, by means of which a respective output conductor (L1out-L3out) of the number can be assigned to exactly one phase (L1-L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) at any given time. device after claim 1 , characterized in that the number of changeover relays (301 - 312) of the switching matrix (20) comprises at least one bistable relay, in particular a double-coil relay. device after claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the switching matrix (20) consists of a plurality of changeover relays (301 - 312) connected to one another. Device according to one of Claims 1 until 3 , characterized by : a connection socket (AB) with a number of coupling points (K1 - K4) for connecting a charging cable (105), wherein a respective output conductor (L1out - L3out) of the number with a respective coupling point (K1 - K4) of the connection socket ( AB) is connected, and wherein the coupling points (K1 - K3) connected to the output conductors (L1out - L3out) of the connection socket (AB) can be coupled to a number of phases (L1* - L3*) of the charging cable (105). Device according to one of Claims 1 until 3 , characterized by : a connection socket (AB) with a number of coupling points (K1 - K4) for connecting a charging cable (105), wherein a respective output conductor (L1out - L3out) of the number with a respective coupling point (K1 - K4) of the connection socket ( AB) and where the coupling points (K1 - K3) connected to the output conductors (L1out - L3out) of the connection socket (AB) are connected to a neutral conductor (N*) and a number of phases (L1*, L2*) of the charging cable ( 105) can be coupled. Device according to one of Claims 1 until 5 , characterized in that a control device (50) for driving the switching matrix (20) with a control signal (SIG) for selectively switching to a specific switching state (Z1 - Z34) of the plurality of switching states (Z1 - Z34) depending on one of a in a charging station (401 - 412) of the number of integrated measuring devices (130), from a measuring device (130) arranged in the multi-phase subscriber network (101) and/or from one in a connection point (120) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) with a multi-phase Power supply network (100) arranged measuring device (130) detected electrical measured value (X) and / or from a received load information (L) of the multi-phase power supply network (100) and / or the multi-phase subscriber network (101) is provided. device after claim 6 , characterized in that the selective switching from a first specific switching state (Z1 - Z34) to a second specific switching state (Z1 - Z34) interrupts an existing assignment of a specific phase (L1 - L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) to a particular output conductor (L1out - L3out) of the number. device after claim 6 or 7 , characterized in that the control device (50) is set up to send a control signal to the electric vehicle (108) as a function of the detected electrical measured value (X) and / or of the received load information (L), which has a lower threshold value, a target value and/or an upper threshold value for the magnitude of the charging current, which is provided at the number of output conductors (L1out-L3out) and with which the energy store (110) is charged. Device according to one of Claims 1 until 8th , characterized in that each charging station (401 - 412) of the number is assigned a switching matrix (20 - 22), the assigned switching matrix (20 - 22) being connected between the respective charging station (401 - 412) and the multi-phase subscriber network (101). is. device after claim 9 , characterized in that a control device (50) for driving each switching matrix (20-22) of the number of charging stations (401-412) with a respective control signal (SIG) for selectively switching the respective switching matrix (20 - 22) into a specific switching state (Z1 - Z34) of the plurality of switching states (Z1 - Z34) depending on one of one in one of the charging stations (401 - 412) of Number of integrated measuring devices, electrical measured value (X) recorded by a measuring device (130) arranged in the multi-phase subscriber network (101) and/or by a measuring device arranged in a connection point (120) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) with a multi-phase energy supply network (100) and/or is provided by received load information (L) of the multi-phase energy supply network (100) and/or the multi-phase subscriber network (101), and/or that the control device (50) is set up to, depending on the detected electrical measured value (X ) and/or from the received load information (L) a control signal to a respective one connected to one of the charging stations (401 - 4 12) the number of coupled electric vehicles (108) to send, which has a lower threshold value, a target value and/or an upper threshold value for the level of the charging current that is provided at the number of output conductors (L1out - L3out) and with which the energy storage device ( 110) is loaded. Device according to one of Claims 1 until 10 , characterized in that a power switching device (60) with an open switching state is provided for safely disconnecting the number of output conductors (L1out - L3out) from the multi-phase subscriber network (101), the switching state (Z1 - Z34) of the switching matrix (20 - 22 ) can only be switched over when the power switching device (60) is in the open switching state. Method for operating a device (10) for a number of charging stations (401 - 412) for charging an energy store (110) of an electric vehicle (108) with electrical energy from a multi-phase subscriber network (101) that can be coupled to the device (10) by means of a charging current provided by a number of output conductors (L1out - L3out), with the steps: Receiving (S10) an electrical measured value (X) from a measuring device (130) integrated in one of the charging stations (401 - 412) of the number, from a measuring device (130) arranged in the multi-phase subscriber network (101) and/or from a measuring device (130) arranged in one Connection point (120) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) with a multi-phase energy supply network (100) arranged measuring device (130), and / or load information (L) of the multi-phase energy supply network (100) and / or the multi-phase subscriber network (101), Determination (S11) of a specific switching state (Z1 - Z34) from a plurality of switching states (Z1 - Z34) provided by a switching matrix (20), with a respective switching state (Z1 - Z34) an assignment of a specific phase (L1 - L3) of the multiphase subscriber network (101) to a specific output conductor (L1out - L3out) of the number, depending on the received measured value (X) and/or the received load information (L), and Controlling (S12) the switching matrix (20) to provide the determined switching state (Z1 - Z34). procedure after claim 12 , characterized by : interrupting an existing assignment of a specific phase (L1 - L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) to a specific output conductor (L1out - L3out) of the number in order to limit unbalanced loading in the multi-phase subscriber network (101). Charging station (401) for charging an energy store (110) of an electric vehicle (108) with electrical energy from a multiphase subscriber network (101) that can be coupled to the charging station (401) by means of a number of output conductors (L1out - L3out) of the charging station (401) provided charging current, with a device (10) with a switching matrix (20) according to one of Claims 1 - 11 . charging station after Claim 14 , characterized in that the switching matrix (20) has an input (L1in - L3in) for each phase (L1 - L3) of the multiphase subscriber network (101) and a corresponding number of output conductors (L1out - L3out), with a first changeover relay ( 301) in a first switching position (0) for coupling a first output conductor (L1out) to a first input (L1in) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the first output conductor (L1out) to an intermediate piece (ZS1) and a second changeover relay (302) in a first switching position (0) for coupling a second input (L2in) to a second output conductor (L2out) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the second input (L2in) to the intermediate piece (ZS1). is such that the first output conductor (L1out) can be selectively coupled to the first input (L1in) or the second input (L2in). charging station after Claim 14 , characterized in that the multi-phase subscriber network (101) has three phases (L1 - L3) and that the switching matrix (20) has an input (L1in - L3in) for each phase (L1 - L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) and a corresponding number of off output conductors (L1out - L3out), wherein the switching matrix (20) comprises four changeover relays (301 - 304), a first changeover relay (301) in a first switching position (0) for coupling a first output conductor (L1out) to a first input ( L1in) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the first output conductor (L1out) to a first intermediate piece (ZS1), and a second changeover relay (302) in a first switching position (0) for coupling a second input (L2in) with a second output conductor (L2out) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the second input (L2in) to a second intermediate piece (ZS2), and a third changeover relay (303) in a first switching position (0) for coupling a third input (L3in) with a third output conductor (L3out) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the third input (L3in) with a third intermediate piece (ZS3), and a fourth We Axis relay (304) in a first switching position (0) for coupling the first intermediate piece (ZS1) to the second intermediate piece (ZS2) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the first intermediate piece (ZS1) to the third intermediate piece (ZS3). is such that the first output conductor (L1out) is selectively couplable to each of the three inputs (L1in - L3in). charging station after Claim 14 , characterized in that the multi-phase subscriber network (101) has three phases (L1 - L3) and that the switching matrix (20) has an input (L1in - L3in) for each phase of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) and a corresponding number of output conductors ( L1out - L3out), wherein the switching matrix (20) comprises twelve changeover relays (301 - 312), wherein: a first changeover relay (301) in a first switching position (0) for coupling a first input (L1in) to a second intermediate piece (ZS2 ) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the first input (L1in) to a first intermediate piece (ZS1), and a second changeover relay (302) in a first switching position (0) for coupling the second intermediate piece (ZS2). a fourth intermediate piece (ZS4) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the second intermediate piece (ZS2) to a third intermediate piece (ZS3), and a third changeover relay (303) in a first S switching position (0) for coupling a second input (L2in) to a sixth intermediate piece (ZS6) and in a second switching position (1) to coupling the second input (L2in) to a fifth intermediate piece (ZS5), and a fourth changeover relay ( 304) is set up in a first switching position (0) for coupling the sixth intermediate piece (ZS6) with an eighth intermediate piece (ZS8) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the sixth intermediate piece (ZS6) with a seventh intermediate piece (ZS7), and a fifth changeover relay (305) in a first switching position (0) for coupling the third input (L3in) with a tenth intermediate piece (ZS10) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the third input (L3in) with a ninth intermediate piece ( ZS9) is set up, and a sixth changeover relay (306) in a first switching position (0) for coupling the tenth intermediate piece (ZS10) with a twelfth intermediate piece (ZS12) and in a second Scha ltposition (1) for coupling the tenth intermediate piece (ZS10) to an eleventh intermediate piece (ZS11), and a seventh changeover relay (307) in a first switching position (0) for coupling a first output conductor (L1out) to the first intermediate piece (ZS1 ) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the first output conductor (L1out) to a thirteenth intermediate piece (ZS13), and an eighth changeover relay (308) in a first switching position (0) for coupling the thirteenth intermediate piece (ZS13) with the eighth intermediate piece (ZS8) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the thirteenth intermediate piece (ZS13) to the twelfth intermediate piece (ZS12), and a ninth changeover relay (309) in a first switching position (0) for coupling a second Output conductor (L2out) with the fifth intermediate piece (ZS5) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the second output conductor (L2out) with a fourteenth intermediate piece k (ZS14) is set up, and a tenth changeover relay (310) in a first switching position (0) for coupling the fourteenth intermediate piece (ZS14) to the eleventh intermediate piece (ZS11) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the fourteenth intermediate piece ( ZS14) is set up with the fourth intermediate piece (ZS4), and an eleventh changeover relay (311) in a first switching position (0) for coupling a third output conductor (L3out) to the ninth intermediate piece (ZS9) and in a second switching position (1) for coupling the third output conductor (L3out) to a fifteenth intermediate piece (ZS15), and a twelfth changeover relay (312) in a first switching position (0) for coupling the fifteenth intermediate piece (ZS15) to the third intermediate piece (ZS3) and in a second Switching position (1) for coupling the fifteenth intermediate piece (ZS15) is set up with the seventh intermediate piece (ZS7). Method for operating a charging station (401 - 412) for charging an energy store (110) of an electric vehicle (108) with electrical energy from a multi-phase subscriber network (101) by means of a charging current provided at a number of output conductors (L1out - L3out), with the steps : Detection (S20) of a coupling process of the energy store (110) with the charging station (401 - 412), with a number of conductors (L1* - L3*, N*) of a charging cable (105) carrying the charging current from the charging station (401 - 412) to the energy store (110), is connected to or disconnected from a corresponding number of output conductors (L1out - L3out) of the number, and/or receiving (S21) an electrical measured value (X) from one in the charging station (401 - 412) integrated measuring device (130), from a measuring device (130) arranged in the multi-phase subscriber network (101) and/or from a measuring device (130) arranged in a connection point (120) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) with a multi-phase asigen power supply network (100) arranged measuring device (130) and / or receiving a load information (L) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) and / or the multi-phase power supply network (100), determining (S22) an assignment (Z1 - Z34) of a number of specific phases (L1 - L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) to a corresponding number of specific output conductors (L1out - L3out), the number depending on the detected coupling process and/or the received electrical measured value (X) and/or the received load information (L), and coupling (S23) the number of specific phases (L1 - L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) with the corresponding number of specific output conductors (L1out - L3out) of the number according to the determined assignment (Z1 - Z34) by means of a switching matrix (20) which a number of changeover relays (301 - 312) by means of which a respective output conductor (L1out - L3out) of the number at any time with exactly one phase (L1 - L3) of the multiphase subscriber network (101) can be coupled. procedure after Claim 18 , characterized by : negotiation of a charging plan between the charging station (401 - 412) and charging electronics of the energy store (110) coupled to the charging station (401 - 412) depending on the detected coupling process and/or the received measured value (X) and/or the received load information (L) and / or the determined assignment (Z1 - Z34). procedure after Claim 18 or 19 , characterized by : comparing the determined assignment (Z1 - Z34) with a current assignment, determining that the determined assignment (Z1 - Z34) requires a switching of the switching matrix (20), depending on the comparison with the current assignment, outputting a first Power specification signal to charging electronics of the energy store (110) coupled to the charging station (401 - 412) before the switching matrix (20) is switched over, and outputting a second power specification signal to the charging electronics of the energy storage device (110) coupled to the charging station (401 - 412). Energy storage (110) after the switching matrix (20) is switched. procedure after claim 20 , characterized in that the second power specification signal is determined as a function of the detected coupling process and/or the received electrical measured value (X) and/or the received load information (L), the second power specification signal in particular comprising an available power which is different from a power available before switching the switching matrix (20). Procedure according to one of claims 18 until 21 , characterized by : comparing the determined assignment (Z1 - Z34) with a current assignment, determining that the determined assignment (Z1 - Z34) requires the switching matrix (20) to be switched over, depending on the comparison with the current assignment, opening a power switching device (60) for safely disconnecting the number of output conductors (L1out - L3out) from the multi-phase subscriber network (101) before the switching matrix (20) is switched and closing the power switching device (60) after the switching matrix (20) is switched. System (200) with several charging stations (401 - 412) and with a device (10) with a switching matrix (20) according to one of Claims 1 - 11 . system after Claim 23 , characterized in that the plurality of charging stations (401 - 412) a number of charging stations (401 - 412) according to any one of Claims 14 - 17 include. system after Claim 23 or 24 , characterized in that a control device (50) for driving the switching matrix (20) with a control signal (SIG) for selective switching to a specific switching state (Z1 - Z34) of the plurality of switching states (Z1 - Z34) is provided, the control device (50) is set up to, in the case of a plurality of energy stores (110) to be charged in a single phase, by means of a corresponding plurality of charging stations (401 - 412) to distribute the respective output conductors (L1out-L3out) of the charging stations (401-412) evenly over the multiple phases (L1-L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) by means of the switching matrix (20). system according to one of the Claims 23 until 25 , characterized in that a control device (50) for driving the switching matrix (20) with a control signal (SIG) for selective switching to a specific switching state (Z1 - Z34) of the plurality of switching states (Z1 - Z34) is provided, the control device (50) is set up to charge a plurality of energy stores (110) by means of a corresponding plurality of charging stations (401 - 412), wherein the plurality of energy stores (110) to be charged comprises at least one two-phase chargeable energy store (110), a first Charging phase by means of a first output conductor (L1out - L3out) of the number and a second output phase by means of a second output conductor (L1out - L3out) of the number are provided, the first and second charging phase selectively two specific phases (L1- L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) assign or assign only the first charging phase a specific phase (L1 - L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101). and not to assign a phase (L1-L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) to the second charging phase. system according to one of the Claims 23 until 26 , characterized in that each of the plurality of charging stations (401 - 412) according to one of Claims 12 - 15 is formed, with exactly one control device (50) for controlling the respective switching matrix (20 - 22) of the plurality of charging stations (401 - 412) with a respective control signal (SIG) for selective switching to a respective specific switching state (Z1 - Z34) of the plurality of switching states (Z1 - Z34) depending on a measuring device (130) integrated in one of the several charging stations (401 - 412), on a measuring device (130) arranged in the multi-phase subscriber network (101) and/or on one in one Connection point (120) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) with a multi-phase energy supply network (100) arranged measuring device (130) recorded electrical measured value (X) and / or from a received load information (L) of the multi-phase energy supply network (100) and / or the multi-phase subscriber network (101) is provided. system according to one of the Claims 23 until 27 , characterized in that each of the plurality of charging stations (401 - 402) according to one of Claims 12 - 15 is formed and has a control device (50), wherein the respective control device (50) for controlling the respective switching matrix (20 - 22) of the respective charging station (401 - 402) with a respective control signal (SIG) for selective switching to a respective specific switching state (Z1 - Z34) of the plurality of switching states (Z1 - Z34) depending on a measuring device (130) integrated in one of the several charging stations (401 - 412), a measuring device (130) arranged in the multiphase subscriber network (101) and/or by a measuring device (130) arranged in a connection point (120) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) with a multi-phase energy supply network (100) and/or by a received load information (L) of the multi-phase energy supply network (100 ) And / or the multi-phase subscriber network (101) is set up, wherein the control device (50) of a specific charging station n (401) for controlling each switching matrix (20 - 22) of the plurality of charging stations (401 - 412) for selectively switching the respective switching matrix (20 - 22) into a respective specific switching state (Z1 - Z34) of the plurality of switching states (Z1 - Z34 ) is set up. Method for operating a system (200) with a plurality of charging stations (401 - 412), each charging station (401 - 412) for charging an energy store (110) of an electric vehicle (108) that can be coupled with the respective charging station (401 - 412) with electrical energy is set up from a multi-phase subscriber network (101), and with a device (10) with a switching matrix (20) for providing a plurality of switching states (Z1 - Z34), wherein a respective switching state (Z1 - Z34) an assignment of a specific phase (L1 - L3) of the multiphase subscriber network (101) to a specific output conductor (L1out - L3out) of a number of output conductors (L1out - L3out), with the steps: detecting (S30) a coupling process of at least one energy store (110) with at least one the charging stations (401 - 412), with a number of conductors (L1* - L3*, N*) of a charging cable (105) which carries the charging current from the charging station (401 - 412) to the energy store (110) transmits, is connected or disconnected to a corresponding number of output conductors (L1out - L3out) of the number, and/or receiving (S31) at least one electrical measured value (X) from a measuring device (130 ), from a measuring device (130) arranged in the multi-phase subscriber network (101) and/or from a measuring device (130) in a connection point (120) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) with a multi-phase energy supply network (100) arranged measuring device (130) and / or receiving a load information (L) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) and / or the multi-phase power supply network (100), determining (S32) an assignment (Z1 - Z34) of a number of specific phases ( L1 - L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) to a corresponding number of specific output conductors (L1out - L3out), the number depending on the detected coupling process and/or the received electrical measured value (X) and/or the received load information (L), and driving (S33) the switching matrix (20) for coupling the specific phase (L1-L3) of the multi-phase subscriber network (101) to the specific output conductor (L1out-L3out) of the number according to the assignment determined (Z1-Z34). procedure after claim 29 , characterized by : negotiation of a respective charging plan between the respective charging station (401 - 412) and a respective charging electronics of the energy store (110) coupled to the respective charging station (401 - 412) depending on the detected coupling process and/or the measured value (X) received and/or the received load information (L) and/or the determined assignment (Z1 - Z34). procedure after claim 29 or 30 , characterized by : comparing the determined assignment (Z1 - Z34) with a current assignment, determining that the determined assignment (Z1 - Z34) requires a switching of the switching matrix (20), depending on the comparison with the current assignment, outputting a first Power specification signal to the respective charging electronics of the energy store (110) coupled to the respective charging station (401 - 412) before the switching matrix (20) is switched over, and outputting a second power specification signal to the charging electronics of the charging station (401 - 412 ) coupled energy store (110) after the switching matrix (20) is switched. procedure after Claim 31 , characterized in that the second power specification signal is determined as a function of the detected coupling process and/or the received electrical measured value (X) and/or the received load information (L), the second power specification signal in particular comprising an available power which is different from a power available before switching the switching matrix (20). Procedure according to one of claims 29 until 32 , characterized by : comparing the determined assignment (Z1 - Z34) with a current assignment, determining that the determined assignment (Z1 - Z34) requires the switching matrix (20) to be switched over, depending on the comparison with the current assignment, opening a power switching device (60) for safely disconnecting the number of output conductors (L1out - L3out) from the multi-phase subscriber network (101) before the switching matrix (20) is switched and closing the power switching device (60) after the switching matrix (20) is switched.

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