DE102018208357A1 - Adapter for the electrical charging of a battery of a device and charging system therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an adapter (16) for electrically charging a rechargeable battery (151) of a device (15) having a device socket (17) at a charging station (11) for electrically charging a traction battery of an electric car (12) DC is formed and is coupled on the output side to a station plug (13), comprising: • an input-side socket (19) which matches the station plug (13); • an output-side plug (20) which matches the device socket (17); a controller (22) coupled to the socket (19) and the plug (20); wherein the control means (22) is adapted to send a parameter typical of the accumulator (151) and a current state quantity of the accumulator (151) to the charging station (11). The object, the field of use A charging station that is designed and / or adapted to electrically charge a traction battery of an electric car with DC power, is achieved in that • the accumulator (151) is not the traction battery of an electric car (12); • the adapter (16) has setting means (25, 31) capable of generating the parameter; • the control means (22) is coupled to the setting means (25, 31); • the control means (22) is arranged to detect the state quantity ,

Description

The invention relates to an adapter for the electrical charging of a battery of a device and a charging system therefor having the features of the preambles of the respective independent claims.

Charging stations are known in the art which allow DC charging of traction batteries in electric cars, in which direct current from the charging station is fed directly into the traction battery. The DC current is provided, for example, by a rectifier in the charging station, which is coupled to the public power grid, or by buffer batteries, which are coupled to solar modules. There is only one battery management system in the vehicle, which communicates with the charging station in order to adjust the charging current and charging voltage to be supplied by the charging station and to stop charging when the battery is fully charged. The power electronics are located in the charging station.

In 1 is in the upper half of a known charging system 10 ' schematically illustrated, which is such a charging station 11 and to an electric car 12 with a traction battery (not shown) and a battery management system (not shown) is coupled. The charging system 10 ' also has a station plug 13 and a station cable 14 on. The station cable 14 is on the input side to the charging station 11 and on the output side to the station plug 13 coupled. The station plug 13 is in a suitable vehicle socket (not shown) on the electric car 12 plugged into its battery management system and traction battery. The communication between charging station and battery management system and the charging current are via the station cable 14 , the station plug 13 and the vehicle socket out.

The plugs and sockets as well as the communication are largely standardized. For example, there are the systems "CHAdeMO" and "Combined Charging System", which is also abbreviated to "CCS". According to CHAdeMO and CCS, the battery management system connects to the charging station to form a master-slave system. The battery management system (master) reports to the charging station 11 (Slave) The current state of charge of the traction battery, the maximum DC voltage and the maximum DC current at which the traction battery is allowed to be charged, as well as the current voltage and the current temperature of the traction battery. The maximum DC voltage and the maximum DC level represent parameters that are typical for the traction battery. The current state of charge, the current voltage and the current temperature represent current state variables of the traction battery. The charging station 11 then adjusts the charging voltage and charging current to the parameters and state variables communicated by the battery management system. In this way, the electric car controls 12 the charging process, which leads to the fastest and at the same time gentle charging its traction battery.

According to CHAdeMO, communication takes place via CAN protocol via a two-wire CAN bus. Accordingly, the corresponding station plug 13 and vehicle sockets each have a positive contact and a negative contact, which are usually denoted by DC + and DC-, a protective contact, which is usually denoted by PE, and a high-contact and a low-contact, which usually with CAN-H and CAN- L be designated. In this case, the charging current via the positive contacts DC + and negative contacts DC- is transmitted and the protective ground via protective earth PE connected to the protective conductor. The communication is conducted via the high contacts CAN-H and low contacts CAN-L.

According to CCS, communication takes place via pulse width modulation, which is also abbreviated to "PWM", and optionally via powerline communication, which is also abbreviated to "PLC", via two signal lines. Accordingly, the corresponding station plug 13 and vehicle jacks each have a positive contact and a negative contact, which are usually denoted DC + and DC-, a protective contact, which is usually denoted by PE, a limit contact, which is usually referred to as PP, and a control contact, which is usually referred to as CP , As with CHAdeMO, the charging current is transmitted via the plus contacts DC + and minus contacts DC- and the protective earthing takes place via protective conductors connected to the protective contacts PE. The communication via PWM and optionally via PLC is routed via the control contacts CP and the protective contacts PE. The limit contacts PP are used to limit the charging current by means of resistance coding, so that the station cable used 14 not overloaded.

DE 10 2015 206 047 A1 and DE 10 2016 211 335 A1 each form the basis for the preambles of the independent claims.

DE 10 2015 206 047 A1 describes an adapter for electrically charging an electric vehicle according to a vehicle-side charging system at a charging station according to a station-side charging connector system, which is different from the vehicle-side charging connector system. This known adapter comprises a charging socket according to the station-side charging plug system, a charging plug according to the vehicle-side charging plug system, a data interface according to a data communication technology of the vehicle-side charging plug system, a data interface according to a data communication technology of the station-side charging plug system, a processing unit and a vehicle-side communication interface. The vehicle-mounted charging plug system is a CCS charging plug system, and its data communication technology is based on a powerline transmission. The station-side charging plug system is a CHAdeMO charging plug system, and its data communication technology is based on a CAN bus transfer. The processing unit is configured to convert data according to the data communication technology of the vehicle-side charging plug system into data according to the data communication technology of the station-side charging plug system, and vice versa. The communication interface is based on pulse width modulation, and the processing unit is further configured to convert data according to a CAN bus protocol into data according to a pulse width modulation protocol.

This document also describes a charging system having a charging station according to a station-side charging system and this adapter, which is used at the charging station to allow charging of electric vehicles that support a vehicle-side charging system, which is different from the station-side charging system.

In this known adapter and this known charging system of the battery to be charged is the traction battery of the electric vehicle. The charging process is controlled by the communication between the charging station and the battery management system of the electric vehicle. The adapter merely provides for the conversion of the data to be communicated between the various vehicle-side and station-side protocols.

DE 10 2016 211 335 A1 describes an adapter with an input-side CHAdeMO socket for receiving a charging column plug of a CHAdeMO charging station, an output-side CCS plug for connection to an electric vehicle and electronic circuit logic. The circuit logic is designed to embed incoming signal states into a CAN message via the CHAdeMO socket and provide it as an output signal. The circuit logic is designed to forward an occurring during the communication during a charging CAN message from the charging station or from a charging manager of the electric vehicle unchanged to the respective remote station. The adapter is designed to send the CAN message to an auxiliary control device in the electric vehicle switched in front of the charging manager. The auxiliary control unit is designed to be connected between a CCS charging socket of the electric vehicle and the charging manager. The auxiliary control device has a circuit logic which is designed to convert a CAN message received from the circuit logic of the adapter into electrical signals and to the charge manager 5 provide. The circuit logic of the slave controller is configured to convert the digital output signals of the load manager into CAN messages and send them to the circuit logic of the adapter. The circuit logic of the additional control device is designed to forward an occurring during the communication during a charging CAN message from the charging station or from the load manager unchanged to the respective remote station.

This document also describes a charging system that includes this adapter and this auxiliary control device that is connected in the electric vehicle in front of the charging manager.

In this known adapter and this known charging system of the battery to be charged is the traction battery of the electric vehicle. The charging process is controlled by the communication between the charging station and the charging manager of the electric vehicle. The adapter merely provides for the conversion of the data to be communicated between the various vehicle-side and station-side protocols.

The invention is based on the object of easily expanding the field of application of a charging station, which is designed and / or suitable for electrically charging a traction battery of an electric car with direct current.

The object underlying the invention is achieved by an adapter and a charging system with the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

• • eine eingangsseitige Buchse, die zu dem Stationsstecker passt;
• • einen ausgangsseitigen Stecker, der zu der Gerätebuchse passt;
• • eine Steuereinrichtung, die an die Buchse und den Stecker gekoppelt ist; wobei
• • die Steuereinrichtung derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie
  • - wenigstens einen Parameter, der für den Akkumulator typisch ist, und wenigstens eine aktuelle Zustandsgröße des Akkumulators an die Ladestation senden kann oder sendet;
• • der Akkumulator nicht die Traktionsbatterie eines Elektroautos ist;
• • der Adapter eine Einstelleinrichtung aufweist, die die Parameter erzeugen kann oder erzeugt;
• • die Steuereinrichtung an die Einstelleinrichtung gekoppelt ist;
• • die Steuereinrichtung derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie
  • - die Zustandsgrößen ermitteln kann oder ermittelt.

The invention proposes according to a first aspect of an adapter for electrically charging a battery of a device having a device socket, at a charging station, which is designed for electrically charging a traction battery of an electric car with DC and / or suitable and / or determined and the output side is coupled to a station plug. This adapter according to the invention has

• • an input-side socket that matches the station plug;
• • an output side connector that fits to the device socket;
• A control device coupled to the socket and the plug; in which
• • The control device is designed such that it
  • at least one parameter typical of the accumulator and capable of transmitting or transmitting to the charging station at least one current state quantity of the accumulator;
• • the accumulator is not the traction battery of an electric car;
• • the adapter has an adjustment device that can generate or generate the parameters;
• • the control device is coupled to the adjusting device;
• • The control device is designed such that it
  • - can determine or determine the state variables.

• • eine Ladestation, die zum elektrischen Laden einer Traktionsbatterie eines Elektroautos mit Gleichstrom ausgebildet und / oder geeignet und / oder bestimmt ist und ausgangsseitig an einen Stationsstecker gekoppelt ist; wobei
• • das Ladesystem einen der vorgeschlagenen Adapter aufweist;
• • der Stationsstecker in die Buchse gesteckt ist.

The invention proposes according to a second aspect, a charging system, comprising

• A charging station, which is designed and / or suitable and / or intended for electrically charging a traction battery of an electric car with DC and is coupled on the output side to a station plug; in which
• The charging system has one of the proposed adapters;
• • the station plug is plugged into the socket.

The invention makes it possible to charge any accumulator-operated device, such as an e-bike, for example a pedelec, or a mobile telephone, to a known charging station, which is designed and intended to electrically charge a traction battery of an electric car with direct current. The previously required for charging via a household power outlet separate charger that is adapted to the particular device is thus superfluous: it is no longer necessary to keep the different chargers for different devices of a household at hand.

In addition, the invention allows charging with greater power and thus faster charging compared to the known charging with a charger, which is coupled to a household socket.

In addition, the invention allows a space, weight and cost savings compared to the known chargers, since the power electronics, such as a rectifier and possibly a transformer, now no longer need to be present in each charger, but only once in the charging station and not in the adapter.

The adapter may be formed as desired in any manner, for example, such that it is portable and / or has no additional or at least one additional input-side socket and / or no additional or at least one additional output-side connector.

Suitable parameters are, for example, the rated capacity of the accumulator, the maximum charging voltage of the accumulator and / or the maximum charging current of the accumulator. As state variables come as an example of the current state of charge of the accumulator, the current voltage of the accumulator and / or the current temperature of the accumulator in question.

The charging station can be designed as desired in any desired manner, for example according to CHAdeMO and / or according to CCS. It can be configured, for example, as a charging station and set up at a gas station or in a parking lot, or it can be designed as a wall charging station and mounted in a residential building.

The control device can be configured as desired in any way and, for example, for communication with the charging station, a PLC modem and a microcontroller having over common protocols, as shown in DIN 70121 and or ISO 15118 to communicate with the charging station. The structure of the corresponding communication channel corresponds, for example DIN EN 61851-23 . DIN EN ISO 15118-3 and DIN SPEC 70121 ,

• • die Einstelleinrichtung wenigstens einen Schalter aufweist, mit dem wenigstens einer der Parameter ausgewählt werden kann; und / oder
• • die Einstelleinrichtung eine Parametermesseinrichtung aufweist, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie wenigstens einen der Parameter ermitteln kann oder ermittelt.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is specified that

• • the setting device has at least one switch with which at least one of the parameters can be selected; and or
• • The adjusting device has a parameter measuring device which is designed such that it can determine or determine at least one of the parameters.

Each switch may be formed as desired in any manner and, for example, have at least one DIP switch and / or at least one tap changer. By way of these switches, the user can set, for example, the maximum charging voltage and the maximum charging current intensity.

• • die Buchse einen Pluskontakt und einen Minuskontakt aufweist;
• • der Stecker einen Pluskontakt und einen Minuskontakt aufweist;
• • die Pluskontakte miteinander verbunden sind;
• • die Minuskontakte miteinander verbunden sind;
• • die Parametermesseinrichtung an einen der Pluskontakte und / oder einen der Minuskontakte gekoppelt ist, um wenigstens einen der Parameter zu ermitteln.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is specified that

• • the socket has a plus contact and a minus contact;
• • the plug has a plus contact and a minus contact;
• • the positive contacts are connected to each other;
• • the negative contacts are connected to each other;
• • The parameter measuring device is coupled to one of the positive contacts and / or one of the negative contacts in order to determine at least one of the parameters.

The measuring device can be configured as desired in any desired manner, for example such that it can determine or determine the nominal capacity by Coulomb Counting and / or impedance tracking, measure or measure the output voltage of the accumulator, and measure this nominal capacitance and this output voltage Control device sends. The control device is then preferably designed such that it can match or equalize this nominal capacity and this output voltage with a database in which different accumulator classes are entered. If this comparison yields a suitable database entry, then the control device reads from this database entry the maximum charging current intensity and the maximum charging voltage. If this match results in a matching database entry, then the controller does not start the load.

• • die Buchse einen Pluskontakt und einen Minuskontakt aufweist;
• • der Stecker einen Pluskontakt und einen Minuskontakt aufweist;
• • die Pluskontakte miteinander verbunden sind;
• • die Minuskontakte miteinander verbunden sind;
• • die Steuereinrichtung an einen der Pluskontakte und / oder einen der Minuskontakte gekoppelt ist, um wenigstens eine der Zustandsgrößen zu ermitteln.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is specified that

• • the socket has a plus contact and a minus contact;
• • the plug has a plus contact and a minus contact;
• • the positive contacts are connected to each other;
• • the negative contacts are connected to each other;
• • The control device is coupled to one of the positive contacts and / or one of the negative contacts in order to determine at least one of the state variables.

• • der Adapter eine eingangsseitige andere Buchse aufweist, die zu einem Stationsstecker passt, die von einem anderen Typ als der Stationsstecker ist;
• • die Steuereinrichtung an diesen anderen Stecker gekoppelt ist.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is specified that

• The adapter has an input-side other socket that matches a station plug that is of a different type than the station plug;
• • The controller is coupled to this other connector.

The adapter may be formed as desired in any way and, for example, have no additional or at least one additional input side other socket.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is specified that at least one of the sockets is formed according to the CHAdeMO system or according to the CCS.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is specified that the adapter has input-side different sockets that fit different types of station plugs, the control device being coupled to these other sockets.

The adapter may be formed as desired in any way and, for example, have no additional or at least one additional input side other socket.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is specified that at least one of the plugs is designed as a USB plug or as a device plug or as a Euro plug or as a Schuko plug or as a hollow plug or as an on-board plug.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is specified that the accumulator is an accumulator of a cellular phone or a laptop or a traction battery of a pedelec or a traction battery of an electric scooter or a traction battery of an electric motorcycle or a starter battery of a motor vehicle or a vehicle electrical system battery of an electric car.

• 1 in der oberen Hälfte ein bekanntes Ladesystem mit einer Ladestation, die zum elektrischen Laden einer Traktionsbatterie eines Elektroautos mit Gleichstrom ausgebildet und bestimmt ist, und in der unteren Hälfte eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Ladesystems mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Adapter;
• 2 einen Blockschaltplan des Adapters der 1;
• 3 einen Blockschaltplan einer zweiten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Adapters, der für das erfindungsgemäße Ladesystem der 1 geeignet ist.

There are now a variety of ways to design the adapter according to the invention and the charging system according to the invention in an advantageous manner and further. For this purpose, reference may firstly be made to the independent claims and the subordinate claims. In the following, a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings and the associated description may be explained in more detail. In the drawing shows:

• 1 in the upper half a known charging system with a charging station, which is designed and intended for electrically charging a traction battery of an electric car with DC, and in the lower half of a preferred embodiment of the charging system according to the invention with the adapter according to the invention;
• 2 a block diagram of the adapter of 1 ;
• 3 a block diagram of a second embodiment of the adapter according to the invention, for the charging system of the invention 1 suitable is.

In 1 is in the lower half a preferred embodiment of a charging system 10 shown schematically. The charging system 10 has a charging station 11 , a station plug 13 , a station cable 14 and an adapter 16 on.

The charging station 11 is for the electric charging of a traction battery (not shown) of an electric car 12 (upper half of 1 ) are designed and determined with direct current. The station cable 14 is on the input side to the charging station 11 and on the output side to the station plug 13 coupled.

The charging system 10 is for the electrical charging of a battery 151 a device 15 at the charging station 11 trained and determined. The device 15 has a device socket 17 not to the station plug 13 fits, and a device cable 18 on. The device cable 18 is on the input side to the device socket 17 and on the output side to the accumulator 151 coupled.

The device 15 is an example of a pedelec 15 , and the accumulator 151 is exemplary of its traction battery 151 of the pedelec 15 , Thus, the accumulator 151 not the traction battery of an electric car 12 ,

In 2 is the first embodiment of the adapter 16 shown schematically. The adapter 16 has an input-side socket 19 , an output side connector 20 , a power path 21 , a control device 22 , a PLC modem 23 , a programming and maintenance interface 24 , a manual adjustment 25 , a power supply module 26 , a state measuring device 27 , a PWM measurement module 28 , an analogue coupling module 29 and a charging power setting module 30 on.

The station plug 13 and the socket 19 are formed in accordance with the CCS and accordingly each have a positive contact, a negative contact, a protective contact, a limit contact and a control contact. The plug 20 and the device socket 17 are designed as corresponding IEC connector and IEC socket and each have a positive contact, a negative contact and a protective contact. The station plug 13 is in the socket 19 plugged in, and the plug 20 is in the device socket 17 plugged.

The performance path 21 has a positive current conductor and a negative current conductor and a protective conductor. The positive current conductor connects the positive contact of the socket 19 directly with the positive contact of the plug 20 , The minus branch conductor connects the minus contact of the socket 19 directly to the negative contact of the plug 20 , The protective conductor connects the protective contact of the socket 19 directly with the protective contact of the plug 20 , Thus, the positive contacts, the negative contacts and the protective contacts are connected to each other. As a result, the charging power loss as possible through the adapter 16 be guided.

The PLC modem 23 , the programming and maintenance interface 24 , the PWM measurement module 28 and the charging power setting module 30 are each bidirectional to the controller 22 coupled. The adjustment device 25 is the output side to the controller 22 coupled. The power supply module 26 and the state measuring device 27 are each input side to the Plusstarkstromleiter and the Minusstarkstromleiter the power path 21 or to one of the positive contacts and one of the negative contacts and on the output side to the control device 22 coupled. The PWM measurement module 28 is the output side to the control contact of the socket 19 coupled. The analog coupling module 29 is bidirectional both to the PLC modem 23 as well as to the protective contact and the control contact of the socket 19 coupled. The charging power setting module 30 is the output side to the limiting contact of the socket 19 coupled. Thus, the control device 22 via the PLC modem 23 and the analog coupling module 29 , via the PWM measuring module 28 and the charging power setting module 30 to the socket 19 and about the state measuring device 27 to the plug 20 coupled.

The control device 22 communicates with the charging station 11 on the one hand in accordance with the PLC via the PLC modem 23 and the analog coupling module 29 and on the other hand according to PWM via the PWM measurement module 28 ,

The control device 22 communicates with the programming and maintenance interface 24 to the adapter 16 to maintain and update, for example, in case of debugging the software or to install a new communication protocol, so that the adapter 16 remains compatible with current, changed and new standards.

In this embodiment, the adjusting device 25 a DIP switch 25 on, with which a user the rated capacity, the maximum charging voltage and the maximum charging current of each currently charged accumulator 151 than the typical parameters can select. Thus, the adjustment device 25 designed such that it has parameters for the accumulator 151 are typical, generate and to the controller 22 can send, and is the controller 22 so trained that they pass the parameters to the charging station 11 can send.

The control device 22 gets its needed energy out of the through the power path 21 guided charging current using the power supply module 26 ,

The state measuring device 27 is configured to receive the current charge current and current charge voltage through the power path 21 guided charging power as the current state variables of the accumulator 151 can measure or measure. The control device 22 monitors and controls the charging process using the state meter 27 measured state variables. Thus, the control device 22 designed such that they current state variables of the accumulator 151 determine and to the charging station 11 can send.

The control device 22 limits the charging current in a known manner by means of resistance coding using the charging power setting module 30 , so that the station cable used 14 not overloaded.

The adapter 16 is designed in such a way that it is about the communication of the charging station 11 an electric car 12 or a battery management system of an electric car 12 simulated.

Thus, the charging system 10 both for the electrical charging of a battery 151 a device 15 that has a device socket 17 has, at a charging station 11 for electrically charging a traction battery of an electric car 12 is designed and determined with direct current and a station plug 13 has, trained and determined as well as for the electrical charging of a traction battery of an electric car 12 with direct current.

In 3 is a second embodiment of the adapter 16 shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that below all the differences are explained in detail.

In this embodiment, the manual adjustment device 25 the first embodiment by an automatic adjustment 31 replaced. The adjustment device 31 has a parameter measuring device 31 which is designed so that it can determine the parameters. This is the parameter measuring device 31 on the input side to the positive current conductor and the negative current conductor of the power path 21 or to one of the positive contacts one of the negative contacts and the output side to the control device 22 coupled to determine the parameters and to the controller 22 to send. Thus, the adjustment device 31 designed such that it can generate the parameters.

Any of the above-described embodiments may be combined with at least one of the other embodiments as needed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10 '/ 10

known / inventive charging system

11

charging station

12

Electric car with traction battery

13

Station plug of 10 ' / 10

14

Station cable from 10 ' / 10

15

Device (pedelec)

151

Accumulator (traction battery) of 15

16

Adapter from 10

17

Appliance socket

18

power cable

19

Socket from 16

20

Plug of 16

21

power path

22

control device

23

PLC modem

24

Programming and maintenance interface

25

manual adjustment device, DIP switch

26

Power supply module

27

State measuring device

28

PWM measurement module

29

Analog coupling module

30

Ladeleistungseinstellmodul

31

automatic adjustment device, parameter measuring device

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102015206047 A1 [0007, 0008]
• DE 102016211335 A1 [0007, 0011]

Cited non-patent literature

• DIN 70121 [0024]
• ISO 15118 [0024]
• DIN EN 61851-23 [0024]
• DIN EN ISO 15118-3 [0024]
• DIN SPEC 70121 [0024]

Claims (10)

An adapter (16) for electrically charging an accumulator (151) of a device (15) having a device socket (17) at a charging station (11), which is designed for electrically charging a traction battery of an electric car (12) with direct current and on the output side is coupled to a station plug (13), having • an input-side socket (19) which fits to the station plug (13); An output side plug (20) which fits to the appliance socket (17); • a control device (22) which is coupled to the socket (19) and the plug (20); wherein the control means (22) is arranged to: - send a parameter, which is typical for the accumulator (151), and a current state quantity of the accumulator (151) to the charging station (11); characterized in that: • the accumulator (151) is not the traction battery of an electric car (12); • the adapter (16) has an adjusting device (25, 31) which can generate the parameter; • the control device (22) is coupled to the adjusting device (25, 31); • the control device (22) is designed such that it - can determine the state variable. Adapter (16) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that • the adjusting device (25) has a switch (25) with which the parameter can be selected; and / or • the adjusting device (31) has a parameter measuring device (31) which is designed such that it can determine the parameter. Adapter (16) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that • the socket (19) has a plus contact and a minus contact; • the plug (20) has a plus contact and a minus contact; • the positive contacts are connected to each other; • the negative contacts are connected to each other; • The parameter measuring device (31) is coupled to one of the positive contacts and / or one of the negative contacts in order to determine the parameter. Adapter (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that • the socket (19) has a plus contact and a minus contact; • the plug (20) has a plus contact and a minus contact; • the positive contacts are connected to each other; • the negative contacts are connected to each other; • the control device (22) is coupled to one of the positive contacts and / or one of the negative contacts in order to determine the state variable. Adapter (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that • the adapter (16) has an input-side different sockets that fit different types of station plugs, • wherein the control device (22) is coupled to these other sockets. Adapter (16) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that • at least one of the bushings (19) is designed according to the CHAdeMO system or according to the CCS. An adapter (16) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: • the adapter (16) has an output side other plug which fits to a device socket of a different type than the device socket; • the control device (22) is coupled to this other connector. Adapter (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that • at least one of the plugs (20) is designed as a USB plug or as a device plug or as a Euro plug or as a Schuko plug or as a hollow plug or as an on-board plug. Adapter (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that • the accumulator (151) comprises an accumulator of a mobile phone or a laptop or a traction battery (151) of a pedelec (15) or a traction battery of an electric scooter or a traction battery of an electric motorcycle or a Starter battery of a motor vehicle or a vehicle electrical system battery of an electric car is. Charging system (10) comprising • a station plug (13); A charging station (11) which is designed to electrically charge a traction battery of an electric car (12) with direct current and is coupled on the output side to the station plug (13); characterized in that • the charging system (10) comprises an adapter (16) formed according to one of the preceding claims; • the station plug (13) is plugged into the socket (19).

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