DE102021102727A1 - SLIDING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a displacement device (1) for displacing an object (3) guided by at least one rail (2) and displaceable in a displacement direction (V) along the rail (2). The displacement device (1) comprises a driver head (10) which can be placed on the rail (2) and which comprises a receiving element (10a) for coupling to a first end region (6) of an actuator (5), the actuator (5) being connected to a second End region (7) can be coupled to an object-receiving element (3a) of the object (3) in such a way that, during operation of the actuator (5), the object-receiving element (3a) moves in a direction along the rail (2) away from or towards the driver head (10). the driver head (10) is displaceable. The displacement device (1) further comprises an eccentric receiving element (11) which can be placed on the rail (2) and which can be rotated by means of at least one lever element (12, 12a) connected to the driver head (10) and at least one lever element (12, 12a) and the eccentric element (13, 13a) rotatably connected to the eccentric receiving element (11) is displaceably connected to the driver head (10), with an eccentric axis of a pivot bearing perpendicular to the displacement direction (V) via which the eccentric element (13, 13a) and the eccentric receiving element (11) are rotatably connected, arranged opposite the eccentric element (13, 13a) and the eccentric receiving element (11) in such a way that a contact surface (13', 13a') of the eccentric element (13, 13a) facing the rail (2) frictionally engages a rail surface (2') of the rail (2) from a minimum distance of the eccentric receiving element (11) from the driver head (10). Finally, the displacement device (1) comprises at least one prestressing element (20) coupled to the driver head (10) and the eccentric receiving element (11), which is designed to generate a prestressing that repels the eccentric receiving element (11) from the driver head (10) and which is sufficient that the contact surface (13', 13a') rests frictionally on the rail surface (2') when the displacement device (1) is placed on the rail (2).

Description

The invention relates to a displacement device for displacing an object guided by at least one rail and displaceable in a displacement direction along the rail. The invention also relates to a rail-guided displacement system with the displacement device and a method for displacing an object that is guided by at least one rail and can be displaced in a displacement direction along the rail, which object can be used in particular as formwork, scaffolding, protective wall and/or work platform, in which the displacement device is placed on the rail.

Displacement devices, also known as walking mechanisms, are mainly used in structural engineering, also known as civil engineering. In principle, large loads, for example formwork carriages, large scaffolding units, etc., can be moved horizontally with displacement devices, for example by means of heavy-duty wheels on crane rails. Shifting devices for moving large loads horizontally over crane rails can be designed in different ways. So it is known to move the load by means of a hydraulically or electrically driven wheel. The load can also be moved over the crane rails using a cable or chain hoist based on the principle of a cable winch. Finally, it is possible by means of a hydraulic cylinder in conjunction with an eccentric clamping unit, z. B. a Wito cantilever device from Lorenz Pan GmbH, A-9900 Linz, to move the load.

The disadvantage is that the drive cannot be implemented manually with hydraulically or electrically driven wheels. A cable or chain hoist always requires a corresponding attachment point, which makes operating the cable or chain hoist cumbersome. In the case of the eccentric clamping unit, the device always grips with a delay, since the eccentric clamping unit is pushed away by the moving hydraulic cylinder in the opposite direction of displacement before the eccentric plates of the eccentric clamping unit find a hold on the crane rail. This unintentional pushing away or "slipping" of the eccentric clamping unit without moving the load cannot be prevented even by gearing on the eccentric plates and leads to a delayed gripping of the crane rail. Another disadvantage is that valuable energy for operating the hydraulic cylinder is lost because the eccentric clamping unit has to find a hold on the crane rail instead of using this energy directly to propel the load forward. The movements of the lifting cylinder, which are necessary for the eccentric clamping unit to find a hold on the crane rail, also lead to high wear on the lifting cylinder combined with high maintenance costs, which could be avoided if the eccentric clamping unit were not pushed away in the opposite direction to the displacement before the load was under Continuation of the movement of the lifting cylinder moves in the direction of displacement.

In contrast, the object of the present invention is to provide a displacement device that is simple and compact in design and lightweight, with which the disadvantages of the prior art are avoided. In particular, the displacement device should be able to be implemented manually and make it possible for the displacement device to move counter to the direction of displacement, essentially being avoided before the load moves in the direction of displacement. In this case, the displacement device is to be provided in such a way that the time-delayed and travel-delayed gripping on the rail known from the prior art is essentially eliminated.

This object is achieved by a displacement device with the features of patent claim 1 and a method for displacing an object guided by at least one rail and displaceable in a displacement direction along the rail with the features of patent claim 17 . The subclaims indicate appropriate developments.

The object according to the invention is thus achieved by a displacement device for displacing an object guided by at least one rail and displaceable in a displacement direction along the rail. The displacement device comprises a driver head which can be placed on the rail and which comprises a receiving element for coupling to a first end region of an actuator, the actuator being able to be coupled with a second end region to an object receiving element of the object in such a way that during operation of the actuator the object receiving element moves in one direction along of the rail can be displaced away from or towards the driver head, an eccentric receiving element which can be placed on the rail and which is displaceably connected to the driver head by means of at least one lever element which is rotatably connected to the driver head and at least one eccentric element which is rotatably connected to the lever element and the eccentric receiving element , wherein a perpendicular to the displacement direction eccentric axis of a rotary bearing, via which the eccentric element and the eccentric receiving element are rotatably connected, such opposite the eccentric element and the eccentric receiving element ment is arranged that one of the rail facing contact surface of the eccentric frictionally on a Rail surface of the rail can rest from a minimum distance of the eccentric receiving element from the driver head, and at least one prestressing element coupled to the driver head and the eccentric receiving element, which is designed to generate a prestress that repels the eccentric receiving element from the driver head and is sufficient for the contact surface to contact the rail surface frictionally engaged when the slider is placed on the rail.

The displacement device can also be referred to as a walking mechanism. The driving head is defined in relation to the rail, the actuator and the object, whereby the rail, the actuator and the object are not included in the displacement device. The rail can be designed as a crane rail. The object can be designed as a formwork carriage, tunnel formwork carriage, scaffolding unit, construction unit, etc. The object can be designed so that it can be moved on the rail by means of at least one heavy-duty wheel or flanged wheel. The object can also be designed so that it can be moved on at least two rails by means of several heavy-duty wheels or flanged wheels. The object can have a high weight of more than one ton and the at least one rail is designed to absorb at least part of this load and to transfer it to a foundation on which the rail rests. The displacement direction is aligned essentially horizontally and can run in a straight line and/or in the shape of a segment of a circle. Downhill and uphill displacement directions are possible. The actuator can be used as a lifting device, e.g. B. be designed as an electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated lifting cylinder, or as a crankshaft drive. The eccentric elements can be designed as eccentric plates and can be made from a particularly hard steel, for example ^Hardox® steel, which is harder than standard steel.

The coupling of one receiving element to the first end area of the actuator and/or the coupling of the actuator with its second end area to the object receiving element of the object can be rotatable. The coupling can be mechanical, non-positive and/or positive, and is used to introduce a force with at least one force component in or counter to the displacement direction in the driver head. The direction of displacement is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the rail, which can be straight or curved. The contact surface of the eccentric element and/or the rail surface can have a substantially horizontally aligned normal vector. The contact surface of the eccentric element can therefore run laterally parallel to a side surface of the rail and the rail surface can be designed as a side surface of the rail. There can be one eccentric element on opposite sides of the rail, ie a total of two eccentric elements per displacement device. Both eccentric elements can be rotatably connected at one end to the driver head and at the other end to the eccentric receiving element via lever elements assigned to them.

The prestressing element generated by the prestressing element coupled to the driver head and the eccentric receiving element ensures that the at least one eccentric element is in frictional contact with the rail, that is to say it is pressed/pressed against the rail. If the contact surface cannot be in frictional contact with the rail surface when the prestressing element is tensioned, e.g. B. because the eccentric is prevented from applying to the rail, there is no bias. The prestress generated by the prestressing element is therefore present between the contact surface of the eccentric element and the surface of the rail and leads to a frictional connection between the two surfaces. When the displacement device is placed on the rail, the eccentric element can also be in contact with a friction fit when no force is introduced into the driver head by the actuator. A controlled concern of the eccentric element on the rail is also possible, e.g. B. such that the eccentric only rests against the rail when a command is issued to the biasing element. If, during operation of the actuator, the object receiving element is displaced in a direction along the rail away from the driver head or towards the driver head, so that the minimum distance between the eccentric receiving element and the driver head is reached or exceeded, the contact surface of the eccentric element facing the rail is not only due to this of the prestressing of the prestressing element frictionally on the rail surface of the rail, but also because of the additional contact pressure generated by the operation of the actuator. This can be the case, for example, when the driver head and the eccentric receiving element are moved away from one another as a result of a cylinder that forms the actuator being extended. The preload is sufficient for there to be a frictional connection between the displacement device and the rail so that when the actuator is operated in such a way that the minimum distance between the eccentric element and the driver head is reached and/or exceeded, the object can be pushed off the displacement device in the direction of displacement without that essentially a movement of the displacement device takes place counter to the direction of displacement before the object moves in the direction of displacement. With several displacement devices per object, e.g. B. one displacement device per rail with two rails, the bias can be distributed to the displacement devices to generate an overall bias that is sufficient for the object to be pushed off the displacement device in the displacement direction without prior movement of the displacement device against the displacement direction. Due to the frictional contact of the contact surface on the rail surface generated by the prestressing without operation of the actuator, the displacement device is provided in such a way that the time-delayed and travel-delayed gripping of the displacement device on the rail known from the prior art is eliminated or essentially eliminated. The prestressing can be adjusted by coupling the prestressing element to the driver head and the eccentric receiving element in such a way that the displacement device is prevented from slipping relative to the rail or the displacement device is prevented from gripping the rail with a time and distance delay when the actuator is in operation. The displacement device can be made so compact and light that it can be manually removed from the rail and moved. The displacement device can therefore be used for the essentially horizontal displacement of objects such as tunnel formwork carriages or heavy constructions that can be moved on a rail, for example a crane rail, by means of a heavy-duty wheel or flanged wheel. In principle, the displacement device can be regarded as a type of climbing head which can be connected to the rail by means of the at least one eccentric element and the associated lever element in a friction-locked manner.

The displacement device can also be used so that the object cannot be moved during operation of the actuator when the displacement device is stationary, but rather the rail can be moved when the object is stationary, for example on a crane or a portal such as a bridge. To do this, you would have to detach the rail from its foundation and then move it using the actuator with the object stationary. If the actuator were designed as a lifting device, a certain number of lifting movements would have to be carried out in succession in order to move the rail by one rail length. In order to reduce the friction between the rail and the foundation, the rail can be moved on a friction-reducing surface or be moved relative to the foundation on rollers or wheels.

In a preferred embodiment, the pretensioning element is designed to generate the pretension in such a way that the contact surface is in frictional contact with the rail surface when the driver head experiences a first actuator force away from the eccentric receiving element during operation of the actuator, and the contact surface is in frictional contact with the rail surface if during operation of the actuator, the driver head experiences a second actuator force toward the eccentric receiving element. In this way, when the driver head experiences the first actuator force away from the eccentric receiving element during operation of the actuator, the object can be moved away from the displacement device without a time and delay in gripping the displacement device on the rail. If the driver head experiences the second actuator force towards the eccentric receiving element through the actuator, the displacement device can be carried along by the object instead of overcoming the static friction between the displacement device and the rail by overcoming the sliding friction between the displacement device and the rail, which is significantly lower than the static friction.

It is particularly preferred that the prestressing element is designed as a compression spring element or torsion spring element, which is arranged in or on the displacement device in such a way that one end of the spring element rests on one side of the driver head and the other end of the spring element rests on one side of the eccentric receiving element when the displacement device is placed on the rail is set. In this way, the preload can be generated in a simple and cost-effective manner. Shifting devices without a compression spring element or torsion spring element can also be easily and inexpensively retrofitted, with no structural changes having to be made to the eccentric elements and lever element ends and, depending on the design, either the driver head or the eccentric receiving element.

Advantageously, the displacement device can comprise a rod element for receiving the compression spring element, one end area of which is fixed either to the driver head or to the eccentric receiving element. The compression spring element can be embodied as a compression spring, which can have a cylindrical shape and is accommodated by the rod element in such a way that a longitudinal axis of the compression spring element is aligned essentially parallel to a rod element longitudinal axis. The rod element is used in addition to receiving a guide of the compression spring element in the loaded state with and without an activated actuator such that the position of the compression spring relative to the driver head and the eccentric receiving element and the shape of the compression spring are defined.

When one end area of the rod element is fixed to the driver head, its other end area is advantageously through or along the eccentric receiving element of the eccentric receiving element, and when one end area of the rod element is fixed to the eccentric receiving element, its other end area is advantageously guided in a displaceable manner through the driver head or along the driver head, with at least one position on a rod axis of the Rod element fixable fixing element can be fastened in such a way that by limiting a rod length available to the compression spring element, the prestressing is eliminated when the contact surface protrudes without friction from the rail surface. Due to the fact that the rod length available to the compression spring element is limited by the fixing element, the compression spring element can no longer generate the pretension that is sufficient for the contact surface to bear frictionally against the rail surface. This bias is therefore canceled by the limited bar length for the compression spring element such that the displacement device can be easily and quickly removed from the rail and relocated after the bar length has been limited by the fixing element.

In an advantageous embodiment, a fixing element that can be slidably fixed at different positions on the rod axis of the rod element can be fastened to the other end region in such a way that the rod length available to the compression spring element can be variably adjusted. With the variably adjustable rod length, the distance between driver head and eccentric receiving element can also be variably adjusted because the compression spring element generates a repulsive force between driver head and eccentric receiving element and the distance between the two elements is defined by the adjusted rod length. So you can set the rod length so that the displacement device can be removed from the rail and/or placed on the rail with only a small air gap between the eccentric element and the rail. A manual effort to adjust the rod length against the compression spring force can be minimized.

In addition to the compression spring element or as a substitute for the compression spring element, a tension spring element can be accommodated by the rod element and arranged between mutually facing sides of the eccentric accommodation element and the fixing element. A total spring force for generating the prestressing, which is sufficient for the contact surface to bear frictionally on the rail surface, can be distributed over two spring elements in this way. If the compression spring element should break during use on site, an existing tension spring element between mutually facing sides of the eccentric receiving element and the fixing element can assume the function of the compression spring element. In this way, the reliability of the displacement device is increased compared to the case without a tension spring element.

It is particularly simple and inexpensive if the other end area of the rod element includes a thread and the fixing element is designed as a nut.

The pretensioning element is advantageously designed as a pretensioning lifting device that can be relieved, one end of which is arranged on one side of the driver head and the other end of which is arranged on one side of the eccentric receiving element, the pretensioning lifting device being used either as a passive element in the form of a shock absorber or as an active element in the form of a pretensioning lifting cylinder adjustable stroke length. Due to the possibility of relieving the shock absorber and pretensioning lifting cylinder, the pretension can be canceled and the shifting device can be removed from the rail or placed on the rail. The pretensioning lifting cylinder offers the advantage of control or regulation that can be carried out precisely and without manual effort.

When the displacement device is placed on the rail, a longitudinal axis of the pretensioning element in the form of the compression spring element, the tension spring element, the shock absorber or the pretensioning lifting cylinder is particularly advantageously aligned parallel to the displacement direction of the object, i.e. a rail longitudinal axis of the rail. In this way, a change in the spring deflection of the compression and/or tension spring element or the length of the shock absorber or the pretensioning stroke cylinder, ie a stroke of the shock absorber or pretensioning stroke cylinder, contributes to a corresponding change in the pretension.

As an alternative or in addition to the compression and/or tension spring element, at least one torsion spring component can be provided as the pretensioning element, which is provided on one of the pivot bearings for the rotatable connection between driver head and lever element, lever element and eccentric element, and eccentric element and eccentric receiving element. The torsion spring component can be provided on only one pivot bearing, on several pivot bearings or on all pivot bearings for the rotatable connection between driver head and lever element, lever element and eccentric element, and eccentric element and eccentric receiving element. If the torsion spring component replaces the pressure and/or tension spring element as a pretensioning element, the torsion spring force of a torsion spring component can be sufficient for the contact surface to frictionally abut against the rail surface when the displacement device is on the rail is set. This results in a simple and inexpensive embodiment of the pretensioning element. A rod element with or without a fixing element does not have to be included in the displacement device.

In order to further increase the degree of frictional engagement between the contact surface of the eccentric element and the rail surface compared to a smooth contact surface, the contact surface of the eccentric element can have toothing or roughening. The teeth of the toothing are preferably aligned in a direction essentially perpendicular to the direction of displacement or the longitudinal axis of the rail. This alignment serves to prevent the displacement device from slipping through if the object is to be moved away from the displacement device in the displacement direction by means of the actuator.

It is particularly advantageous if the eccentric receiving element is slidably connected to the driving head by means of a second lever element rotatably connected to the driver head and a second eccentric element rotatably connected to the second lever element and the eccentric receiving element, with the lever element and the second lever element and the eccentric element and the second eccentric element are arranged symmetrically with respect to the rail. Due to the symmetrical arrangement of both eccentric elements with respect to the rail, the contact surfaces of both eccentric elements face each other in such a way that the contact surfaces frictionally engaging the rail surfaces clamp the rail when the displacement device is placed on the rail. If the lever elements and eccentric elements correspond in terms of their geometric dimensions, the preload can be generated in equal parts by both eccentric elements, which leads to a symmetrical introduction of force into the rail. This leads to wear that is the same for both eccentric elements and both rail surfaces and thus to high reliability of the displacement device with low maintenance costs.

The invention also includes a rail-guided displacement system with the displacement device according to one of the above-mentioned embodiments, the at least one rail, the object that can be displaced along the rail in the displacement direction, and the actuator, which is coupled to the object with its second end region, wherein the actuator is designed as a lifting device, in particular as a lifting cylinder. In this way, a simple and efficient shifting system is created with a shifting device that can be moved manually, with which the time and distance-delayed gripping of the shifting device on the rail, which is known from the prior art, is essentially eliminated.

As already mentioned, the first and second end regions of the lifting device can each be rotatably connected to the receiving element of the driver head and the object, with the axes of the pivot bearings for connecting the first end region to the receiving element and the second end region to the object being essentially parallel to one another and in the Are essentially aligned perpendicular to the direction of displacement. With this arrangement, the lifting device can be oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rail on which the displacement device is placed, and the lifting device can be rotatably coupled/connected to an underside of a frame of the object with its second end region. The length of the retracted lifting device between the two end areas can be greater than a distance between the underside of the frame of the object and an upper side of the rail on which the displacement device is placed. If the object's frame is mounted on wheels, for example heavy-duty wheels or flanged wheels, the distance between the underside of the object's frame and the top of the rail can essentially correspond to a diameter of the wheel on which the frame is mounted. If the length of the lifting device between the two end areas is greater than the distance between the underside of the frame of the object and the top of the rail, there is always a force component in the driver head in or against the direction of displacement when the lifting device is extended or retracted. In other words, a force input by the lifting device into the driver head in the direction of displacement with the same stroke is greater if the lifting device is arranged at a more acute angle to the rail. The longitudinal axis of the lifting device is therefore advantageously arranged at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the rail on which the displacement device is placed.

In the displacement system according to the present invention, the object can be designed as a heavy load, in particular in the form of a formwork carriage or a scaffolding unit, and can be slidably arranged on at least two rails arranged essentially parallel to one another by means of heavy-duty wheels or flanged wheels. Displacement devices can be placed on only one of the two rails or on each of the two rails in order to move the object in the direction of displacement by means of the actuator assigned to the displacement device. Several displacement devices can also be installed per rail be used to ensure the necessary propulsion.

• - Bereitstellen der zumindest einen Schiene derart, dass eine Last des Objekts in die Schiene abgeleitet werden kann,
• - Anordnen des in der Verschieberichtung entlang der Schiene verschiebbaren Objekts auf der Schiene,
• - Aufsetzen der Verschiebevorrichtung gemäß einer der oben beschriebenen Ausführungsformen auf die Schiene derart, dass ein Verschieben des Objekts in der Verschieberichtung bei auf die Schiene aufgesetzter Verschiebevorrichtung möglich ist,
• - Koppeln des ersten Endbereichs des Aktuators an das Aufnahmeelement des Mitnehmerkopfs und des zweiten Endbereichs des Aktuators an das Objektaufnahmeelement des Objekts, wobei der Aktuator derart ausgeführt wird, dass der Aktuator das Objektaufnahmeelement in eine Richtung entlang der Schiene von dem Mitnehmerkopf weg oder zu dem Mitnehmerkopf hin verschieben kann,
• - Betätigen des Aktuators derart, dass der Mitnehmerkopf eine erste Aktuatorkraft weg von dem Exzenteraufnahmeelement erfährt, wobei von dem zumindest einen an den Mitnehmerkopf und das Exzenteraufnahmeelement gekoppelten Vorspannelement die das Exzenteraufnahmeelement von dem Mitnehmerkopf abstoßende Vorspannung derart erzeugt wird, dass die Anlageoberfläche des Exzenterelements an der Schienenoberfläche haftreibschlüssig anliegt, so dass das Objekt in der Verschieberichtung von der Verschiebevorrichtung weg verschoben wird, und
• - Betätigen des Aktuators derart, dass der Mitnehmerkopf eine zweite Aktuatorkraft hin zu dem Exzenteraufnahmeelement erfährt, wobei von dem Vorspannelement die das Exzenteraufnahmeelement von dem Mitnehmerkopf abstoßende Vorspannung derart erzeugt wird, dass die Anlageoberfläche des Exzenterelements an der Schienenoberfläche gleitreibschlüssig anliegt, so dass die Verschiebevorrichtung von dem Aktuator in der Verschieberichtung mitgenommen wird.

The invention also includes a method for displacing an object that is guided by at least one rail and displaceable in a displacement direction along the rail, which object can be used in particular as formwork, scaffolding, protective wall and/or work platform. The procedure has the following steps:

• - providing the at least one rail in such a way that a load of the object can be diverted into the rail,
• - placing the object on the rail, which can be moved in the direction of displacement along the rail,
• - placing the displacement device according to one of the above-described embodiments on the rail in such a way that the object can be displaced in the displacement direction when the displacement device is placed on the rail,
• - Coupling the first end area of the actuator to the receiving element of the driver head and the second end area of the actuator to the object receiving element of the object, wherein the actuator is designed such that the actuator moves the object receiving element in a direction along the rail away from the driver head or towards the driver head can shift to
• - Actuate the actuator in such a way that the driver head experiences a first actuator force away from the eccentric receiving element, with the at least one prestressing element coupled to the driver head and the eccentric receiving element generating the prestressing that repels the eccentric receiving element from the driver head in such a way that the contact surface of the eccentric element on the The surface of the rail rests in a frictionally engaged manner, so that the object is displaced away from the displacement device in the displacement direction, and
• - Actuate the actuator in such a way that the driver head experiences a second actuator force towards the eccentric receiving element, with the prestressing element generating the prestressing that repels the eccentric receiving element from the driver head in such a way that the contact surface of the eccentric element bears on the rail surface with frictional locking, so that the displacement device from is taken along by the actuator in the displacement direction.

A "caterpillar-like" movement is therefore executed in the displacement direction, in which the object is displaced from the stationary displacement device in the displacement direction by means of the first actuator force and then by means of the second actuator force, which is opposite to the first actuator force, the displacement device is displaced from the stationary object in the displacement direction is taken along. The effects and advantages of this method according to the invention for displacing an object guided by at least one rail and displaceable in a displacement direction along the rail correspond to those of the displacement device according to the invention described above for displacing the object guided by at least one rail and displaceable in the displacement direction along the rail.

In two preferred embodiments of the method for moving the object, in a first alternative, either
the driver head experiences the first actuator force away from the eccentric receiving element by actuating the actuator in such a way that the object receiving element is displaced in a direction along the rail away from the driver head, and the driver head experiences the second actuator force towards the eccentric receiving element by actuating the actuator in such a way that that the object receiving element is displaced in a direction along the rail towards the driver head,
or in a second alternative
the driver head experiences the first actuator force away from the eccentric receiving element by actuating the actuator in such a way that the object receiving element is displaced in a direction along the rail towards the driver head, and the driver head experiences the second actuator force towards the eccentric receiving element by actuating the actuator in such a way that the object receiving element is displaced in a direction along the rail away from the driver head.

In the first alternative, for example, two mutually facing contact surfaces of two eccentric elements designed as eccentric plates of the same displacement device can rest against the rail designed as a crane rail with a friction fit. The frictional connection between the eccentric elements and the rail serves to move the object, which is designed as a tunnel formwork carriage or as a heavy construction, without delay or delay when the actuator, designed as a hydraulic cylinder and coupled to the shifting device and the formwork carriage, is extended. With the help of the pre-tensioning element designed as a compression spring, the displacement device is pre-tensioned between the eccentric plates and the rail. The bias ensures that the eccentric plates on the side Crane rails are pressed and force a frictional connection between the displacement device and crane rails when the hydraulic cylinder is extended without play. The displacement device is arranged between the flanged wheels of the formwork carriage so that the crane rail receives sufficient load to move the formwork carriage horizontally in the direction of displacement by further extending the cylinder. When the cylinder is retracted, the clamping of the shifting device on the crane rail, i.e. the frictional contact of the contact surfaces of the eccentric elements on the rail surfaces of the rail, is automatically released from the crane rail and the shifting device can be taken along in the shifting direction essentially load-free by means of the hydraulic cylinder on the crane rail. be withdrawn, with the contact surfaces of the eccentric elements resting on the rail surfaces of the rail in a sliding-friction manner.

• - Ausführen des Vorspannelementes als Druckfederelement,
• - Bereitstellen eines Stabelements zur Aufnahme des Druckfederelements, wobei dessen einer Endbereich an dem Mitnehmerkopf fixiert wird,
• - Führen des anderen Endbereichs des Stabelements verschiebbar durch das Exzenteraufnahmeelement hindurch oder entlang des Exzenteraufnahmeelements,
• - Ausführen des anderen Endbereichs des Stabelements als Gewinde,
• - Aufschrauben einer Mutter auf das Gewinde, wobei die Mutter ein an dem anderen Endbereich an unterschiedlichen Positionen auf einer Stabachse des Stabelements verschiebbar fixierbares Fixierelement bildet,
• - variables Einstellen einer dem Druckfederelement zur Verfügung stehenden Stablänge mittels Einstellen des Grades der Einschraubung der Mutter auf das Gewinde, und
• - Begrenzen einer dem Druckfederelement zur Verfügung stehenden Stablänge derart, dass die Vorspannung aufgehoben ist und die Anlageoberfläche bei vorhandener Federspannung von der Schienenoberfläche reibungsfrei absteht, und
• - Entfernen der Verschiebevorrichtung von der Schiene.

Advantageously, the following steps can be taken:

• - Execution of the prestressing element as a compression spring element,
• - Providing a rod element for receiving the compression spring element, one end area of which is fixed to the driver head,
• - guiding the other end region of the rod element in a displaceable manner through the eccentric receiving element or along the eccentric receiving element,
• - Executing the other end area of the rod element as a thread,
• - Screwing a nut onto the thread, the nut forming a fixing element that can be slidably fixed at the other end region at different positions on a rod axis of the rod element,
• - variable adjustment of a rod length available to the compression spring element by adjusting the degree of screwing of the nut onto the thread, and
• - Limiting a rod length available to the compression spring element in such a way that the pretension is eliminated and the contact surface protrudes from the rail surface without friction when the spring tension is present, and
• - Remove the slider from the rail.

In this way, the displacement device can be arranged/placed or removed on the crane rail without the pretension, with the pretension being able to be deactivated by displacing/rotating the nut in the direction of the driver head.

The method steps according to the invention for shifting the rail-guided shifting system are preferably defined as a cycle, with the cycle being run through until the object has completed a predetermined shifting path in the shifting direction.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention, from the patent claims and from the figures of the drawing, which show details essential to the invention. The features shown in the drawing are presented in such a way that the special features according to the invention can be made clearly visible. The various features can each be implemented individually or in groups in any combination in variants of the invention. In the figures, the same reference symbols designate the same or corresponding elements.

• 1 eine räumliche Außenansicht der Verschiebevorrichtung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit nicht an einem Mitnehmerkopf der Verschiebvorrichtung gekoppelten Hebelelementen zur besseren Veranschaulichung eines Vorspannelementes in Form einer Druckfeder und eines Stabelementes zur Führung der Druckfeder,
• 2 eine räumliche Außenansicht eines Exzenteraufnahmeelements der Verschiebevorrichtung, an das Exzenterelemente drehbar gekoppelt und von dem Hebelelemente beabstandet sind,
• 3a eine räumliche Außenansicht der in 1 gezeigten Verschiebevorrichtung im zusammengebauten Zustand,
• 3b eine Querschnittsansicht der in 3a gezeigten Verschiebevorrichtung in einer Draufsicht,
• 3c eine weitere Querschnittsansicht der in 3a gezeigten Verschiebevorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht,
• 3d eine weitere Querschnittsansicht der in 3a gezeigten Verschiebevorrichtung in Verschieberichtung eines mit der Verschiebevorrichtung gekoppelten Objekts gesehen,
• 4 eine räumliche Außenansicht eines schienengeführtes Verschiebesystems mit der erfindungsgemäßen in 3a gezeigten Verschiebevorrichtung, die auf eine Schiene aufgesetzt und über eine Hubvorrichtung mit einem entlang der Schiene verschiebbaren Objekt verbunden ist, und
• 5 eine räumliche Außenansicht der auf die Schiene aufgesetzten Verschiebevorrichtung gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung, wobei das Vorspannelement durch eine Druckfeder und zusätzlich eine Zugfeder gebildet ist.

Show it:

• 1 a spatial external view of the displacement device according to an embodiment of the invention with lever elements not coupled to a driver head of the displacement device for better illustration of a prestressing element in the form of a compression spring and a rod element for guiding the compression spring,
• 2 a spatial external view of an eccentric receiving element of the displacement device, to which eccentric elements are rotatably coupled and at a distance from the lever elements,
• 3a a spatial exterior view of the in 1 shown displacement device in the assembled state,
• 3b a cross-sectional view of the 3a shown displacement device in a top view,
• 3c another cross-sectional view of the in 3a shown displacement device in a side view,
• 3d another cross-sectional view of the in 3a shown displacement device seen in the direction of displacement of an object coupled to the displacement device,
• 4 a spatial external view of a rail-guided displacement system with the inventive in 3a shown displacement device, which is placed on a rail and is connected via a lifting device to an object that can be moved along the rail, and
• 5 a spatial external view of the placed on the rail displacement device according to a further embodiment of the invention, wherein the biasing element is formed by a compression spring and additionally a tension spring.

1 shows a three-dimensional external view of the displacement device 1 according to an embodiment of the invention with lever elements 12, 12a not coupled to a driver head 10 of the displacement device 1 to better illustrate a prestressing element 20 designed as a compression spring and a rod element 19 for guiding the compression spring. The lever element 12 comprises two lever element plates 12', 12" which are parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another by means of sleeves 18. Recesses are formed at the ends of the lever element plates 12', 12", which, like the sleeves 18, serve to accommodate screws. Two sleeves 18 are assigned to each screw. The recesses and screws form pivot bearings to couple the lever elements 12, 12a in the X direction to eccentric plates 13, 13a and in the negative X direction to the driver head 10 so that they can rotate, with the axes of rotation of all pivot bearings being aligned in the Y direction. The sleeves 18 ensure a distance between the lever element plates 12', 12" such that the lever element 12 is stiffened and friction with the driver head 10 and the eccentric element 13 is reduced compared to a screw connection without the sleeves 18. However, the displacement device 1 can also be used without the Sleeves 18 are carried out and operated, especially when the lever element plates 12 ', 12' are firmly connected to one another or are made in one piece. Instead of screws, other means of connection, such as bolts or rivets, can be used.

By means of the screw 15 and the nut 17, one end of the eccentric element 13 in the Z direction is rotatably coupled to ends of the lever element plates 12', 12'' in the X direction and thus to the end of the lever element 12'' in the X direction. The eccentric member 13 is rotatably coupled to an eccentric receiving member 11 at its end portion in the negative Z-direction by means of the screw 14 and the nut 17 . At one end in the Z-direction, the driver head 10 has an essentially round recess 10b, by means of which the driver head 10 can be rotatably coupled to the end of the lever element 12 in the negative X-direction. In the plan view, a rod element 19 is firmly connected to the driver head 10 in the center, the longitudinal axis of the rod, also called the rod axis, being aligned in the X-direction. The displacement device 1 is constructed symmetrically to an X/Y plane in which the rod axis of the rod element 19 lies. The eccentric elements 13, 13a, designed as plates, and the lever elements 12, 12a are therefore arranged mirror-symmetrically to this plane of symmetry. The eccentric member 13a is rotatably coupled at its end in the Z direction to the eccentric receiving member 11 by means of the screw 14a and at its other end in the negative Z direction via the screw 15a and the nut 17 to the ends of lever member plates 12a', 12a''. in the X direction of a second lever element 12a rotatably connected/coupled. By means of recesses in the lever element plates 12a', 12a" and two sleeves 18 to space them apart, the other end of the lever element 12a can be coupled in the negative X direction to the driver head 10 so that it can rotate.

The cylindrically shaped rod element 19 serves to accommodate a likewise cylindrically shaped compression spring as a pretensioning element 20 in order to generate a repelling force between the driver head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 in the assembled state of the displacement device 1 when the displacement device 1 is placed on a rail 2 (not shown, please refer 4 , 5 below) is attached. In the negative X-direction, the eccentric receiving element 11 has a recess 11b with a diameter which is larger than an outer diameter of the compression spring. When assembled and placed on the rail, the compression spring therefore extends with its one end in the X direction through the eccentric receiving element 11 to a stop surface of a wall element of the eccentric receiving element 11, which is arranged in an end region of the eccentric receiving element 11 in the X direction. The compression spring then rests with its other end in the negative X-direction on a wall element of driver head 10, which is arranged in an end region of driver head 10 in the X-direction, with normal vectors of the contact surfaces of the wall elements of driver head 10 and eccentric receiving element 11 for the compression springs are aligned substantially parallel to and directed toward each other.

The wall element arranged in the end region of the eccentric receiving element 11 in the X-direction has a recess 11c (not shown, see FIG 2 ) with a diameter which is smaller than the diameter of the compression spring and larger than a diameter of the rod element 19. A fixing element 21 in the form of a hexagon nut can be screwed onto a corresponding thread of the rod element 19 in the X direction in order to be displaceably fastened at different positions on the rod axis of the rod element 19 in such a way that the rod length available to the compression spring can be variably adjusted. To this A distance between the driver head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 can be set in such a way that the displacement device 1 can be placed on the rail and removed from it without the eccentric elements 13, 13a of the rail being in frictional contact. With the eccentric elements 13, 13a spread apart by means of the fixing element 21, the displacement device 1 can be fitted and removed by one person against the spring force of the prestressing element 20 designed as a compression spring.

The driver head 10 has a receiving element 10a with two receiving plates 10a1, 10a2, which are essentially parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another in the Z direction, for coupling to a first end region of an actuator designed, for example, as a lifting device, with the actuator having a second end region attached to an object receiving element of a moving object can be coupled in this way. During operation of the actuator, the object receiving element can then be displaced in a displacement direction along the rail 2 in the X direction away from the driver head 10 or towards the driver head 10 in the negative X direction. The receiving plates 10a1, 10a2 each have substantially round receiving openings 10a' aligned with a common axis in the Z-direction, through which the first end region of the actuator, e.g. B. an end piece of a piston or a lifting cylinder can be performed. The first end region of the actuator can then, ie when the actuator is coupled to the displacement device, be coupled to the receiving element 10a and connected thereto such that it can rotate about the axis in the Z direction in the X/Y plane.

In 2 is a spatial external view of the eccentric receiving element 11 of the displacement device 1, to which the eccentric elements 13, 13a are rotatably coupled by means of the screws 14, 14a and nuts 17 and from which the lever element plates 12', 12" of the lever element 12 and the lever element plates 12a', 12a " of the lever element 12a are spaced apart. Below the lever element plates 12" and 12a", the sleeves 18 are arranged above the eccentric elements 13, 13a in such a way that when the displacement device 1 is in the assembled state, a sleeve 18 is located between an upper side of the eccentric element 13 at its end in the Z direction and an underside of the lever element plate 12" at its X-direction end and another sleeve 18 between an upper side of the eccentric element 13a at its end in the negative Z-direction and an underside of the lever element plate 12a" at its end in the X-direction. When the displacement device 1 is in the assembled state, there is also a sleeve 18 between an underside of the eccentric element 13 at its end in the Z direction and an upper side of the lever element plate 12' at its end in the X direction and a further sleeve 18 between an underside of the eccentric element 13a at its negative Z-direction end and a top of the lever member plate 12a' at its X-direction end.

A receiving element 11a of the eccentric receiving element 11 has two receiving element plates between which the end of the eccentric element 13 in the negative Z-direction is arranged. A recess 11a' in each of the receiving element plates of the receiving element 11a together with the screw 14 serves as a pivot bearing for the end of the eccentric element 13 in the negative Z-direction with the recess 13b for receiving eccentric receiving element. In the Z direction, the eccentric element 13 has a recess 13 for the end region of the lever element 12 oriented in the negative X direction, i.e. each of the lever element plates 12', 12". In the assembled state, the lever element plates 12', 12" can be Screws 15, 16 and nuts 17 and two sleeves 18 per screw rotatably coupled to one end of the eccentric element 13 in the Z direction and the end region of the driver head in the Z direction. Without sleeves, the receiving element plates of the receiving element 11a of the eccentric receiving element 11 are rotatably coupled to the end of the lever element 12 in the negative Z-direction by means of the screw 14 and the nut 17 .

The wall member arranged in the end portion of the eccentric receiving member 11 in the X direction has the recess 11c with the diameter smaller than the diameter of the compression spring of the biasing member 20 and larger than the diameter of the rod member 19 . The recess 11c is opposite in the X-direction to the recess 11b of the eccentric receiving element 11, which is in 1 is shown.

3a shows a three-dimensional exterior view of in 1 shown displacement device 1 in the assembled state. After assembly / attachment of all parts in the 1 and 2 In the parts shown, the lever element plates 12', 12" are rotatably coupled to the eccentric element 13 and the driver head 10 by means of the screws 15, 16. Due to the mirror-symmetrical shape of the displacement device 1 to the X/Y plane with the rod axis of the rod element 19, the lever element plates are also 12a', 12a" are rotatably coupled to the eccentric element 13a and the driver head 10 by means of the screws 15a, 16a. The eccentric element 13 is rotatably coupled to the receptacle 11a of the eccentric receptacle element 11 by means of the screw 14 and the eccentric element 13a is connected to the eccentric receptacle by means of the screw 14a meelement 11 rotatably coupled. The fixing element 21 designed as a screw is screwed onto the thread of the rod element 21 aligned in the X-direction and can limit the rod length available to the prestressing element 20 designed as a compression spring in such a way that a prestressing that repels the eccentric receiving element 11 from the driver head (10) is not generated which ensures that contact surfaces of the eccentric elements 13, 13a are pressed/pressed against rail surfaces of the rail 2 when the displacement device 1 is placed on the rail 2. Therefore, the displacement device 1 can be manually placed on the rail 2 and/or removed from the rail 2 by one person. As soon as the displacement device 1 is placed on the rail 2, the fixing element 21 designed as a screw can be screwed in the x-direction. As soon as the fixing means 21 protrudes from the eccentric receiving element 11, a prestress is generated which repels the eccentric receiving element 11 from the driver head 10 and is sufficient for the contact surfaces of the eccentric elements 13, 13a to frictionally contact the rail surfaces of the rail 2 when the displacement device 1 is placed on the rail 2 is set. When the prestressing element 20 is generated and applied to the rail 2 by the eccentric elements 13, 13a, a delayed gripping of the displacement device 1 when the object to be displaced is displaced in the displacement direction in the x-direction is avoided.

3b shows a cross-sectional view of FIG 3a shown displacement device in a plan view in the negative Y-direction. The pivot bearing with the screw 14a for rotatably coupling the eccentric element 13a to the eccentric receiving element 11 is offset in the X direction relative to the outer edges of the eccentric element 13a such that when the eccentric element 13a rotates about the pivot bearing with the screw 14a, starting from an axis of rotation that is formed as the longitudinal axis of the screw 14a, result in different distances from this axis of rotation to a segment of the contact surface 13a' of the eccentric element 13a, the normal vector of which is aligned in the Z-direction. When the eccentric element 13a rotates clockwise about the longitudinal axis of the screw 14a, the distances of the segment of the contact surface 13a' whose normal vector is in the Z-direction are reduced from this axis of rotation to the contact surface 13a', so that when the displacement device is placed on the rail 2 1 a contact pressure of the contact surface 13a' on a rail surface of the rail 2 facing the contact surface 13a' is reduced. Due to the mirror-symmetrical position of the eccentric element 13 to the eccentric element 13a, when the eccentric element 13 rotates counterclockwise about a longitudinal axis of the screw 14, there are distances from this axis of rotation to another segment of the contact surface 13' of the eccentric element 13, whose normal vector is in the negative Z-direction is aligned, reduced, so that when the displacement device 1 is placed on the rail 2, a contact pressure of the contact surface 13' on another rail surface of the rail 2 facing the contact surface 13' is reduced. When the eccentric element 13a rotates clockwise about the longitudinal axis of the screw 14a and when the eccentric element 13 rotates counterclockwise about the longitudinal axis of the screw 14, the distance between the driver head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 is reduced and a distance from one another in the Z direction Contact surface segments the contact surfaces 13 ', 13a' is enlarged. As already mentioned, the distance between the driver head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 is reduced by shifting the fixing element 21 in the negative X-direction, i.e. turning the fixing means 21 designed as a screw on the thread of the rod element 19 in the direction of the driver head 10. As a result, the contact surface segments lying opposite in the Z direction, the contact surfaces 13', 13a', move away from one another in such a way that the displacement device can be placed on the rail 2 and removed from the rail.

If the smallest distance between the contact surfaces 13', 13a' in the Z direction when the displacement device 1 is placed on the rail is reduced in that the driver head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 experience a spring force repelling one another from the compression spring of the pretensioning element 20, then the the eccentric receiving element 11 generates a repulsive pretension from the driver head 10, which is sufficient for the contact surfaces 13', 13a' to frictionally abut against the rail surfaces which face the contact surfaces 13', 13a'. For improved adhesion to and for a higher frictional connection with the rail compared to a smooth surface, teeth 13" are provided on the contact surface 13' and teeth 13a" are provided on the contact surface 13a'. The prestressing between the eccentric elements and the rail can only be present if the compression spring is able to introduce the spring force that repels the driver head 10 from the eccentric receiving element 11 into the driver head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 . For this purpose, opposite ends of the compression spring are located on facing surfaces in connection with 1 described wall elements of the driver head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11. The end of the compression spring in the X-direction does not rest on the surface of the wall element of the eccentric facing this end receiving element 11, so that there is no spring force repelling the driver head 10 from the eccentric receiving element 11, although the fixing means 21 designed as a screw rests against an outer surface of the eccentric receiving element 11 facing the fixing means 21. 3b therefore shows the displacement device 1 in the relaxed state of the compression spring, in which it is not placed on the rail. It is possible to dimension the compression spring, ie to provide it with a length that is longer than the length of the compression spring 3b , so that the extended compression spring with otherwise the same displacement device 1 as in 3b shown on the eccentric receiving element 11 is applied. Dashed circles representing the sleeves 18 can be seen around the screws 15, 15a, 16, 16a.

Due to the cross-sectional view, the part of the compression spring between the driver head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 is illustrated in bold type than the part of the compression spring which is arranged inside the eccentric receiving element 11 . It is nevertheless a one-piece relaxed compression spring. If one were to assume that the parallel dashed lines running partially next to the compression spring do not represent a cross-sectional contour of the eccentric receiving element 11 below, i.e. in the negative Z-direction, from contours visible in the top view, but rather a distance from rail surfaces that face away from one another and are opposite one another of the rail would represent, the opposite ends of the compression spring would rest on the facing surfaces of the wall elements of the driver head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 in the mounted state of the displacement device 1 on the rail. The prestressing present in this case between the contact surfaces 13', 13a' and the rail could be eliminated if the fixing element 21 were shifted/screwed further in the direction of the driver head 10 by approximately half the length of the screw in the X direction than this in 3b is shown.

the 3c and 3d show further cross-sectional views of the in 3a shown displacement device 1, wherein 3c a side view in the negative Z direction and 3d 1 shows a view in the displacement direction, ie the X-direction, of the object coupled to the displacement device 1. The toothing 13" extends over a length in the X-direction which corresponds to approximately half the extension of the eccentric receiving element 11 in this direction. In the Y-direction the toothing 13" extends over the entire height of the eccentric element 13. In the Z-direction the teeth 13", 13a" each extend over a length which approximately corresponds to the diameter of each of the screws 15, 16, 15a, 16a. The sleeves 18 each have a collar and a neck and, when the displacement device 1 is in the assembled state, rest against one another with their necks facing one another. The receiving plates 10a1, 10a2 extend in the x-direction essentially over the entire length of the driver head 10 in order to ensure a uniform application of force with little pressure by the actuator over the entire length of the driver head 10. The mirror-symmetrical arrangement of the lever elements 12, 12a and eccentric elements 13, 13a results in a symmetrical force input of the eccentric elements 13, 13a into the rail due to the prestressing, with the arrangement of the compression spring being guided partially through the eccentric receiving element, achieving a compact design with a long spring deflection becomes. The use of the same parts for the lever element plates 12', 12", 12a', 12a", the screws 15, 16, 15a, 16a, the sleeves 18, the screws 14, 14a and the eccentric elements 13, 13a not only reduces the production costs the displacement device 1 low, but also their storage costs.

4 shows a spatial external view of a rail-guided displacement system with the inventive in 3a shown displacement device 1, which is placed on a rail 2. The displacement device 1 is connected to an object 3 that can be displaced along the rail 2 in a displacement direction V via an actuator 5 in the form of a lifting device. The lifting device has a lifting piston 8 and a lifting cylinder 9, with a first end region 6 of the actuator 5 in the form of an end of the lifting piston 8 being attached to the receiving element 10a (see FIG 1 ) of the driver head 10 rotatable, z. B. is coupled by form fit. A second end portion 7 of the actuator 5 is rotatable, e.g. B. by form fit, coupled to an object receiving element 3a of the object 3, which is attached to a lower end of a frame of the object 3, z. B. welded, or formed as part of the frame. The frame of the object 3 is mounted on heavy-duty wheels or flanged wheels 4, which engage with the rail 2 in order to guide the object, for example a tunnel formwork carriage or other heavy construction, in or against the displacement direction V. Each of the wheels 4 encompassed by the object 3 can have an underrun protection 4a.

The displacement device 1 is arranged between the wheels 4 on the rail 2 in such a way that when the lifting piston 8 is fully extended or retracted, the displacement device 1, in particular the end of the rod element 19 in the X direction and the end of the driver head in the negative X direction touches the wheels 4, so not with the operation of the actuator object collides. When placed on the rail 2, the prestressing element 20 in the form of the compression spring that rests against the driver head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 generates the prestressing that repels the eccentric receiving element 11 from the driver head 10, which is sufficient for the contact surface 13', 13a' (see 3b) on a rail surface 2 'of the rail 2 rests frictionally. A distance between the rail surfaces 2′, which face away from one another in the Z direction and lie opposite one another, means that compared to the 3a , 3b and 3c shown relaxed state of the compression spring, the distance between the driver head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 is reduced and both ends of the compression spring abut facing outer surfaces of the driver head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 under pressure.

The fixing element 21 is arranged at a distance from the eccentric receiving element 11 and leaves the prestressing acting on the rail surfaces 2' facing these from the contact surfaces 13', 13a' unaffected.

The prestressing element 20 in the form of the compression spring generates the prestressing in such a way that the contact surfaces 13', 13a' rest against the rail surfaces (?) 2' with a static friction fit when, during operation of the actuator 5, the driver head 10 exerts a first actuator force A1 away from the eccentric receiving element 11 Extension of the lifting piston 8, and the contact surfaces 13', 13a' on the rail surface 2' are in frictional contact when, during operation of the actuator 5, the driver head (10) experiences a second actuator force A2 towards the eccentric receiving element 11 by retraction of the lifting piston 8. A caterpillar-like displacement movement therefore takes place, in which, when the lifting piston 8 is extended, the displacement device 1 rests stationary on the rail 2 with a static friction fit and the object 3 is displaced in the displacement direction V. Thereafter, when the lifting piston 8 is retracted, the displacement device 1 is carried along in the displacement direction V, in which the displacement device 1 rests stationary on the rail 2 and the displacement device 1 rests on the rail 2 with sliding friction.

The displacement device 1 can also be used so that the object 3 cannot be moved during operation of the actuator 5 when the displacement device 1 is stationary, but the rail 2 can be moved when the object 3 is stationary, for example on a crane or a portal such as a bridge, is fixed. For this purpose, the entire displacement device 1 can be rotated 180 degrees around the Y-axis, ie the eccentric receiving element 11 is not as in FIG 4 shown to the right of the driver head 10 in the X-direction, but to the left of it in the negative X-direction. When the lifting piston 8 is extended and the object 3 is stationary, the displacement device 1 is now pushed away from the object 3 on the rail 2 and when the lifting piston 8 is retracted, the rail 2 is pushed away from the object 3 and displaced by the frictionally engaged displacement device 1 when the object is stationary . with the inside 4 In the arrangement shown, it would also be possible to move the rail 2 with the object 3 fixed in place.

5 shows a three-dimensional external view of the displacement device 1 placed on the rail 2 according to a further embodiment of the invention, the pretensioning element 20 being supported by the compression spring as in FIG 4 shown, and is additionally formed by a tension spring which is arranged between the fixing element 20 and the eccentric receiving element 11 . The prestressing element 20 is therefore designed in two parts with a compression spring and a tension spring, with both the compression spring and the tension spring being guided by the rod element 19 . The advantage of this embodiment is a high level of reliability, since one spring can at least partially generate the preload if the other spring fails during operation. The function of the fixing element 21 in the form of a screw screwed onto a thread of the rod element 19 to reduce the distance between the driver head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 is retained without restriction. The first end area 6 of the actuator 5 in the form of the reciprocating piston 8 is designed as a cylinder with a cylinder axis in the Z direction, with continuous cylindrical recesses being made in the cylinder at opposite end areas of the cylinder, through which a locking pin can be inserted in each case. to prevent the first end region 6 of the actuator 5 from slipping out of the receiving element 10a (see 1 ) of the driver head 10 in the Z-direction or negative Z-direction in the operation of the actuator 5 to exclude. Except for the tension spring additionally arranged between the fixing element 20 and the eccentric receiving element 11, the 5 shifting system shown according to the shifting system 4 .

The features of the invention described with reference to the illustrated embodiment, such as the arranged between the fixing element 20 and the eccentric receiving element 11 tension spring as part of the biasing element 20 according to 5 , can also be present in other embodiments of the invention, such as the displacement device 1 according to each of the 1 until 3d , unless otherwise stated or prohibited for technical reasons.

Reference List

1

walking gear

2

rail

2'

rail surface

3

object

3a

object pick-up element

4

wheel

4a

underrun protection

5

actuator

6

first end area actuator

7

second end area actuator

8th

reciprocating

9

lifting cylinder

10

driving head

10a

Pick-up element driver head

10a1, 10a2

recording plate

10a'

Recess receiving plate

10b

Recess for an end portion of the lever element

11

eccentric mounting element

11a

Recording eccentric recording element

11a'

Recess for eccentric element

11b, 11c

Recess for rod element

12, 12a

lever element

12', 12'', 12a', 12a''

lever element plate

13, 13a

eccentric element

13', 13a'

Contact surface eccentric element

13'', 13a''

gearing

13b

Recess for mounting eccentric mounting element

13c

Recess for the other end area of the lever element

14, 15, 16, 14a, 15a, 16a

screw

17

mother

18

sleeve

19

rod element

20

biasing element

21

fixing element

A1

first actuator force

A2

second actuator force

V

shift direction

Claims (20)

Displacement device (1) for displacing an object (3) guided by at least one rail (2) and displaceable in a displacement direction (V) along the rail (2). - A driver head (10) which can be placed on the rail (2) and comprises a receiving element (10a) for coupling to a first end region (6) of an actuator (5), the actuator (5) having a second end region (7). an object receiving element (3a) of the object (3) can be coupled in such a way that during operation of the actuator (5) the object receiving element (3a) moves in a direction along the rail (2) away from the driver head (10) or towards the driver head (10) can be moved - an eccentric receiving element (11) which can be placed on the rail (2) and which is connected by means of at least one lever element (12, 12a) rotatably connected to the driver head (10) and at least one each to the lever element (12, 12a) and the eccentric receiving element (11) rotatably connected eccentric element (13, 13a) is displaceably connected to the driver head (10), with an eccentric axis of a pivot bearing, which is perpendicular to the displacement direction (V), via which the eccentric element (13, 13a) and the eccentric receiving element (11) are rotatably connected , is arranged opposite the eccentric element (13, 13a) and the eccentric receiving element (11) in such a way that a contact surface (13', 13a') of the eccentric element (13, 13a) facing the rail (2) is frictionally engaged on a rail surface (2') the rail (2) can bear against the driver head (10) from a minimum distance of the eccentric receiving element (11), and - at least one pretensioning element (20) coupled to the driver head (10) and the eccentric receiving element (11), which is designed to generate a pretension which repels the eccentric receiving element (11) from the driver head (10) and is sufficient for the contact surface (13 ', 13a') rests frictionally on the rail surface (2') when the displacement device (1) is placed on the rail (2). Shifting device (1) after claim 1 , in which the pretensioning element (20) is designed to generate the pretension in such a way that the contact surface (13', 13a') rests on the rail surface (2') with a static friction fit when the driver head (10) moves during operation of the actuator (5) experiences a first actuator force (A1) away from the eccentric receiving element (11), and the contact surface (13', 13a') bears on the rail surface (2') with a friction fit when the driver head (10) exerts a second force during operation of the actuator (5). Actuator force (A2) experiences towards the eccentric receiving element (11). Shifting device (1) after claim 1 or claim 2 , in which the pretensioning element (20) is designed as a compression spring element or torsion spring element which is arranged in or on the displacement device (1) in such a way that one end of the spring element is on one side of the driver head (10) and the other end of the spring element is on one side of the eccentric receiving element ( 11) when the shifting device (1) is placed on the rail (2). Shifting device (1) after claim 3 , which comprises a rod element (19) for receiving the compression spring element (20), one end area of which is fixed either to the driver head (10) or to the eccentric receiving element (11). Shifting device (1) after claim 4 , in which when one end area of the rod element (19) is fixed to the driver head (10), the other end area is guided displaceably through the eccentric receiving element (11) or along the eccentric receiving element (11), and then when the one end area of the rod element (19) is fixed to the eccentric receiving element (11), the other end area of which is guided in a displaceable manner through the driver head (10) or along the driver head (10), with at least one position on a rod axis of the rod element (19) fixable fixing element (21) can be fastened in such a way that by limiting a rod length available to the compression spring element (20), the prestressing is canceled when the contact surface (13', 13a') protrudes from the rail surface (2') without friction . Shifting device (1) after claim 5 , in which a fixing element (21) that can be slidably fixed at different positions on the rod axis of the rod element (19) can be fastened to the other end region in such a way that the rod length available to the compression spring element (20) can be variably adjusted. Displacement device (1) according to one of claims 3 until 6 , in which, in addition to the compression spring element or as a replacement for the compression spring element, a tension spring element is received by the rod element (19) and is arranged between sides of the eccentric receiving element (11) and the fixing element (21) that face one another. Shifting device (1) after claim 6 or claim 7 , wherein the other end portion of the rod element (19) comprises a thread and the fixing element (21) is designed as a nut. Shifting device (1) after claim 1 or claim 2 , in which the pretensioning element (20) is designed as a relieveable pretensioning lifting device, one end of which is arranged on one side of the driver head (10) and the other end of which is arranged on one side of the eccentric receiving element (11), the pretensioning lifting device being used either as a passive element in the form of a Shock absorber or is designed as an active element in the form of a pretensioning stroke cylinder with adjustable stroke length. Displacement device (1) according to one of Claims 7 until 9 , in which, when the displacement device (1) is placed on the rail (2), a longitudinal axis of the pretensioning element (20) in the form of the compression spring element, the tension spring element, the shock absorber or the pretensioning lifting cylinder is parallel to the displacement direction (V) of the object (3), So a rail longitudinal axis of the rail (2) is aligned. Displacement device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least one torsion spring component is provided as the pretensioning element (20), which is attached to one of the pivot bearings for the rotatable connection between the driver head (10) and the lever element (12, 12a), lever element (12, 12a) and eccentric element (13, 13a), and eccentric element (13, 13a) and eccentric receiving element (11) is provided. Displacement device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the contact surface (13', 13a') of the eccentric element (13, 13a) has teeth (13", 13a") or roughening. Displacement device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the eccentric receiving element (11) by means of a second lever element (12a, 12) rotatably connected to the driver head (10) and a lever element (12a, 12) each connected to the second lever element (12a, 12) and the eccentric receiving element ( 11) rotatably connected second eccentric element (13a, 13) is slidably connected to the driver head (10), wherein when the displacement device (1) is placed on the rail (2), the lever element (12, 12a) and the second lever element (12a, 12) and the eccentric element (13, 13a) and the second eccentric element (13a, 13) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the rail (2). Rail-guided displacement system with a displacement device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the at least one rail (2), the object (3) displaceable in the displacement direction (V) along the rail (2), and the actuator (5) which is is coupled to the object (3) at its second end region, the actuator (5) being designed as a lifting device, in particular as a lifting cylinder. Rail-guided displacement system Claim 14 , in which the first and second end portions of the lifting device are rotatably connected to the receiving element (10a) of the driving head (10) and the object (3), respectively, the axes of the pivot bearings for connecting the first end portion to the receiving element (10a) and the second end area with the object (3) are aligned essentially parallel to one another and essentially perpendicular to the displacement direction (V). Rail-guided displacement system Claim 14 or claim 15 , in which the object (3) is designed as a heavy load, in particular in the form of a formwork carriage or a scaffolding unit, and is slidably arranged on at least two rails (2) arranged essentially parallel to one another by means of heavy-duty wheels (4, 4a) or flanged wheels. Method for moving an object (3) which is guided by at least one rail (2) and can be moved in a direction (V) along the rail (2) and which can be used in particular as formwork, scaffolding, protective wall and/or work platform, with the following steps : - providing the at least one rail (2) in such a way that a load of the object (3) can be diverted into the rail (2), - arranging the object (3) which can be displaced in the displacement direction (V) along the rail (2) on the rail (2), - Placing the displacement device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 13 onto the rail (2) in such a way that the object (3) can be displaced in the displacement direction (V) when the displacement device (1) is placed on the rail (2), - coupling the first end region of the actuator (5) to the receiving element (10a) of the driver head (10) and the second end area of the actuator (5) to the object-receiving element (3a) of the object (3), the actuator (5) being designed in such a way that the actuator (5) moves the object-receiving element (3a) in a direction along the rail (2) away from the driver head (10) or towards the driver head (10), - actuating the actuator (5) in such a way that the driver head (10) generates a first actuator force (A1) away from the eccentric receiving element (11), the prestressing element (20) coupled to the driver head (10) and the eccentric receiving element (11) generating the prestressing that repels the eccentric receiving element (11) from the driver head (10) in such a way that the contact surface he (13', 13a') of the eccentric element (13, 13a) rests on the rail surface (2') in a frictionally engaged manner, so that the object (3) is displaced away from the displacement device (1) in the displacement direction (V), and - Actuating the actuator (5) in such a way that the driver head (10) experiences a second actuator force (A2) towards the eccentric receiving element (11), the prestressing element (20) repelling the eccentric receiving element (11) from the driver head (10). is generated in such a way that the contact surface (13', 13a') of the eccentric element (13, 13a) bears against the rail surface (2') in a sliding-friction manner, so that the displacement device (1) can be moved by the actuator (5) in the displacement direction (V) is taken away. procedure after Claim 17 , in which either - the driver head (10) experiences the first actuator force (A1) away from the eccentric receiving element (11) by actuating the actuator (5) in such a way that the object receiving element (3a) moves in a direction along the rail (2) from is displaced away from the driver head (10), and the driver head (10) experiences the second actuator force (A2) towards the eccentric receiving element (11) by actuating the actuator (5) in such a way that the object receiving element (3a) moves in a direction along the Rail (2) is displaced towards the driver head (10), or - the driver head (10) experiences the first actuator force (A1) away from the eccentric receiving element (11) by actuating the actuator (5) in such a way that the object receiving element (3a ) is displaced in a direction along the rail (2) towards the driver head (10), and the driver head (10) experiences the second actuator force (A2) towards the eccentric receiving element (11) by actuating the actuator (5) in such a way, the s the object receiving element (3a) is displaced away from the driver head (10) in a direction along the rail (2). procedure after Claim 17 or Claim 18 , With the further steps: - Execution of the prestressing element (20) as a compression spring element, - Providing a rod element (19) for receiving the compression spring element, wherein its one end area is fixed to the driver head (10), - guiding the other end area of the rod element (19) displaceably through the eccentric receiving element (11) or along the eccentric receiving element (11), - executing the other end area of the rod element (19) as a thread, - Screwing a nut onto the thread, the nut forming a fixing element (21) that can be slidably fixed at the other end region at different positions on a rod axis of the rod element (19), - Variable setting of a rod length available to the compression spring element by setting the degree of screwing the nut onto the thread, and - limiting a rod length available for the compression spring element in such a way that the preload is eliminated and the contact surface (13', 13a') protrudes without friction from the rail surface (2') when the spring tension is present, and - removing the displacement device (1) from the rail (2). Procedure according to one of claims 17 until 19 , in which the process steps according to Claim 17 be defined as a cycle and the cycle is run through until the object (3) has run through a predetermined displacement path in the displacement direction (V).

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