DE102020206615B4 - End position braking system, system with an end position braking system and method for braking a movement in the direction of an end position of a moving element of a system - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for braking a movement (24) towards an end position (80) of a moving element (20) of a system (10) consisting of a guide (12) and between at least one starting position (82) and an end position (80) in the guide ( 12) displaceably mounted moving element (20), the system (10) comprising an end position braking system (30) for a moving element (20) displaceably mounted between at least one starting position (82) and an end position (80) in a guide (12) for braking the Movement (24) of the moving element (20) into its end position (80), the end position brake system (30) comprising an electric motor (34) and a short-circuiting unit (40) for short-circuiting the electric motor (34), further comprising a coupling unit (50) for mechanical Coupling the movement (24) of the moving element (20) with the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor (34) during at least part of the movement (24) of the moving element (20) from the starting position (82) to the end position (80), the coupling unit (50) comprising a gear (52) which is mechanically operatively connected to the rotor, wherein during a movement (24) of the moving element (20) in the direction of its end position (80), the movement (24) of the moving element (20) is carried out by the coupling unit (50). can be coupled to the rotation of the rotor and the electric motor (34) short-circuited by the short-circuiting unit (40) can be operated as a generator to brake the movement (24). The end position braking system (30) has a microcontroller (48), the end position braking system ( 30) has a rack (58) and the gear (52) has a gear (54) designed for meshing engagement with the rack (58), characterized by the following steps: a) detecting a movement (24) of the moving element (20) in the direction the end position (80) by the end position braking system (30), b) continuous braking of the movement (24) of the moving element (20) in the direction of the end position (80) by the end position braking system (30) to a final speed (110), and c) continuing the Movement (24) in the direction of the end position (80) with the final speed (110) until the moving element (20) reaches the end position (80), with a one-time or a repeated or a continuous measurement of the speed of the movement (24) in Direction of the end position (80) takes place and the strength of the braking based on this measurement or these measurements by the microcontroller (48) is set and / or regulated, and the detection of the movement (24) in the direction of the end position (80) by a first measurement of the speed in step a) and the braking of the movement (24) in step b) in each case during an engagement of the gear wheel (54) in different rod sections (60a, b, c) of the toothed rack arranged one after the other along the toothed rack (58). (58) is carried out.

Description

The invention relates to an end position braking system for a moving element, such as a sliding door or drawer, which is mounted so as to be displaceable between at least one starting position and one end position in a guide. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system consisting of a guide and a moving element movably mounted in the guide between at least one starting position and one end position, having such an end position braking system for braking the movement of the moving element into its end position. In addition, the invention relates to a method for braking the movement of a moving element of such a system in the direction of its end position.

The use of self-closing dampers as an end position braking system for moving elements such as sliding doors or drawers is known in principle, see for example DE 20 2004 007 170 U1 or DE 91 06 410 U1 ,. Draw-in dampers according to the prior art have a damping element that dampens and thus reduces a closing speed of the moving element. In order to prevent the moving element from stopping before the moving element reaches a closed position, known draw-in dampers have a tension spring which actively pulls the moving element into the closed position after it has been braked by the damping element. In addition to retraction dampers for displaceably mounted moving elements, damping devices for pivotably mounted moving elements such as door leaves are also known, see FIG EP 0 559 947 A1 , DE 10 2016 202 225 A1 , DE 10 2016 207 029 A1 or DE 10 2015 200 284 B3 .

As described above, the moving element is actively closed by the tension spring. For this, however, it is necessary to store the necessary mechanical energy in the tension spring for each opening process, i.e. to tension the tension spring during the opening process. The process of opening the moving element, which is usually carried out manually, is made more difficult as a result.

It is the object of the present invention to remedy the disadvantages described above in end position braking systems, in systems with an end position braking system and in methods for braking a movement of a moving element of such a system in the direction of its end position. In particular, it is the object of the present invention to provide an end position braking system, a system and a method in which the movement of the moving element can be slowed down in a simple and cost-effective manner without adversely affecting a later opposite movement of the moving element, the braking preferably being continuous and done continuously.

The above object is solved by the independent claims of the present invention. In particular, the object is solved by a method having the features of independent claim 1. The object is also solved by a system having the features of independent claim 3. Advantageous refinements of the invention result from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings. Features and advantages that are described in relation to a system according to the invention also apply to a method according to the invention and vice versa.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by an end-position braking system for a moving element, such as a sliding door or drawer, that is movably mounted in a guide between at least one starting position and one end position, having an electric motor and a short-circuit unit for short-circuiting the electric motor, also having a coupling unit for mechanically coupling the Movement of the moving element with the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor during at least part of the movement of the moving element from the starting position to the end position, the coupling unit comprising a gear mechanism that is mechanically operatively connected to the rotor, with the movement of the moving element during a movement of the moving element in the direction of its end position can be coupled to the rotation of the rotor by the coupling unit and the electric motor short-circuited by the short-circuit unit can be operated as a generator for braking the movement. The end position braking system according to the invention forms part of a system according to the invention.

The end position braking system according to the invention is intended for use with moving elements, in particular in a preferably linear guide guided moving elements such as drawers, sliding doors of buildings or furniture and sliding windows. The braking of the movement of the moving element caused by the end position braking system according to the invention can, depending on the installation location of the end position braking system for movements of the moving element, into a closed position as the end position, into an open position as the end position or, with a corresponding design of the end position braking system or the use of two end position braking systems according to the invention, also both be used for the closed position as well as for the open position as an end position.

The movement of the moving element in the direction of its end position is at least partially coupled to a rotation of the rotor by the coupling unit. For the purposes of the invention, partial means in particular that during a first phase of the movement, beginning with the start of the movement, there does not have to be a coupling, but during a second phase, which includes the moving element reaching the end position, it does. In this way, braking of the moving element before reaching the end position can be ensured without affecting the entire movement of the moving element.

The braking is effected according to the invention by the short-circuiting of the electric motor by the short-circuit unit, since the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor is coupled to the movement of the moving element by the coupling unit. The coupling causes the rotor of the electric motor to rotate driven by the movement of the moving element. The electric motor is thus operated as a generator, with an electric current being induced in the electric motor. Short-circuiting according to the invention, which in the sense of the invention includes both a direct connection of the contacts of the electric motor and switching a preferably adjustable short-circuit resistance between the contacts, enables the electric current induced in the electric motor operated as a generator to flow. This flowing current in turn creates a force that counteracts the rotation of the rotor and thus slows it down. The coupling of the rotation of the rotor to the movement of the moving element caused by the coupling unit transfers this force and the resulting deceleration to the moving element. The moving element is thus decelerated by the end position braking system according to the invention.

Using the end position braking system according to the invention has several advantages. Thus, the deceleration described above by the force generated by the current induced in the motor depends on the speed of rotation of the rotor. Thus, the movement of the moving element is braked depending on the speed of this movement, the faster the moving element moves, the higher the braking effect. In particular, a resistor used in the short circuit can be dimensioned in such a way, for example depending on a weight of the moving element or an expected friction during the movement of the moving element, that reaching the end position can be ensured. It is particularly advantageous that this dynamic braking means that a tension spring, which is necessary in known end-position braking systems, can be dispensed with. Impairment of an opening movement, for example due to tensioning of the tension spring, can be avoided in this way.

Furthermore, in the end position braking system according to the invention, it can be provided that the short-circuit unit has a diode circuit for limiting the braking to a direction of rotation of the rotor that corresponds to the movement in the direction of the end position and/or that the transmission has a freewheel device for decoupling the rotation of the rotor from the movement of the moving element during a movement of the moving element in the direction of its starting position. The diode circuit only allows current to flow in one flow direction in the short-circuit unit. In particular, it can be achieved that the current flow, and therefore, as described above, the braking effect provided by the electric motor operated as a generator, only occurs when the moving element moves in the direction of its end position, but not when it moves in the opposite direction. A freewheel device in turn enables a direction-dependent separation or connection of two movements, with regard to the present invention the movement of the moving element and the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor. In this way, too, it can be achieved that the braking effect provided by the electric motor operated as a generator is only caused when the moving element moves in the direction of its end position and that at the same time influencing or impeding a movement of the moving element in the opposite direction is avoided. In both ways, both individually and in combination, an unintentional braking of the movement of the moving element from its end position can be avoided.

The end position braking system according to the invention can also be designed in such a way that the short-circuit unit has a relay, the relay being a voltage-dependent switching relay and the short-circuiting of the electric motor can be canceled by the relay if the voltage induced in the electric motor falls below a voltage threshold value, and/or the Relay is a speed-dependent switching relay and the short-circuiting of the electric motor can be canceled by the relay when the speed of the moving element falls below a speed threshold value in the direction of its end position. A relay is a controllable switch that can be used to interrupt the short circuit or the circuit formed for this purpose. As described above, the current induced in the electric motor and thus also the induced voltage depends on the speed of rotation and therefore on the speed of movement of the moving element dependent. Both embodiments, both the voltage-dependent switching relay and the speed-dependent switching relay, thus have the effect that below a limit speed of the movement of the moving element in the direction of its end position, the movement is no longer slowed down. Thus, the moving element always moves towards the end position at least at this limit speed. The limit speed can preferably be selected in such a way that it is large enough to ensure that the moving element reaches the end position and at the same time small enough to minimize the impact of the moving element when it reaches its end position.

The end position braking system according to the invention can also be further developed in that the short-circuit unit has a variable short-circuit resistance for setting and/or regulating the deceleration of the movement in the direction of the end position. As part of the short-circuit unit, the short-circuit resistance is conductively connected between the terminals of the electric motor. A size of this short-circuit resistance determines the size of the short-circuit current that can flow at a given rotational speed of the rotor of the electric motor. As already described above, this size of the flowing current is decisive for the force generated thereby, with which the rotation of the rotor is slowed down. Overall, the intensity of the deceleration or the damping of the movement of the moving element into its end position can thus be changed by a changeable short-circuit resistance and in particular by its setting and/or regulation. An adaptation of the end position braking system according to the invention to the respective moving element, for example to its weight, size, friction and/or speed, can thus preferably be made possible.

A further development of the end position braking system according to the invention provides that the short-circuit resistance includes a manually operable potentiometer. A resistance can be adjusted particularly easily, reversibly and reproducibly using a potentiometer. For example, the potentiometer can be implemented as a rotary potentiometer that is accessible from outside the end-position braking system, as a result of which manual adjustment of the short-circuit resistance can also be particularly easily made possible.

The end position braking system according to the invention can also be further developed in such a way that the end position braking system has a position sensor for determining the position of the moving element at least in a partial area of the movement between the starting position and the end position and a microcontroller for changing the braking effect in a controlled manner, in particular by changing the short-circuit resistance, based on measurement results from the position sensor having. Using the microcontroller, the position sensor can be used to continuously determine a position of the moving element during its movement in the direction of its end position. In particular, this information makes it possible to set the braking effect by the microcontroller in such a way that it is produced in an adapted manner to the currently prevailing movement, in particular with regard to its speed, which is mostly variable along the movement. This can be made possible in a particularly simple manner by a corresponding activation of a variable short-circuit resistance by the microcontroller. By linking position, speed and the possibility of adjusting the current braking effect, in this embodiment of the end position braking system according to the invention, in particular also regulation of the braking and thus the entire course of movement of the moving element into its end position can be made possible.

A development of the end position braking system according to the invention can also consist in the position sensor being at least one microswitch that can be activated by the moving element and/or a membrane potentiometer that can be coupled to the moving element and/or a rotary encoder that is mechanically operatively connected to the rotor of the electric motor. This list is not complete, so other suitable position sensors can also be used. A microswitch can be used to signal that the moving element has reached a fixed position in a particularly simple manner. A membrane potentiometer, on the other hand, can even provide continuous position information. Since at least part of the movement of the moving element is coupled to the rotation of the rotor before the end position is reached in the end position braking system according to the invention, a rotary encoder, for example coupled to the gearing, can also be used for continuous position measurement for this section of the movement of the moving element. Overall, a wide variety of requirements can be taken into account when planning and constructing the end position braking system according to the invention by selecting one or more of the various position sensors accordingly.

The end position braking system according to the invention can also be designed in such a way that the microcontroller can be activated by the signal from the position sensor and can be put into a sleep mode without activation by the position sensor. As long as no by the position sen sor determined position information is present, no basis for adjusting the deceleration can be transmitted to the microcontroller. In particular, energy can be saved by switching to a sleep mode. At the same time, by activating the microcontroller from the sleep mode by the signal from the position sensor, it can be ensured that if position information is present, it will also be processed and evaluated by the microcontroller. The efficiency of the end position braking system according to the invention can thus be further increased.

In addition, it can be provided in the end-position braking system according to the invention that the end-position braking system has an electrical energy store, in particular for storing the electrical energy generated by the electric motor operated as a generator. By storing the electrical energy generated by the electric motor during a braking process, the energy efficiency of the end position braking system according to the invention can be increased, up to the point of completely autonomous operation of the end position braking system according to the invention. The electrical energy stored in the electrical energy store can be used, for example, to supply electrical energy to an open-loop and/or closed-loop control, for example carried out by the microcontroller, of the end-position braking system according to the invention. Introducing the electrical energy into the electric motor, for example for motorized support of a movement of the moving element, in particular for leaving the end position, is also conceivable.

Furthermore, the end position braking system according to the invention can be further developed in such a way that a movement of the moving element from the end position in the direction of its starting position can be supported by introducing the electrical energy stored in the electrical energy store into the electric motor. In particular, starting this movement from the end position can be simplified for a user and the effort required can be reduced.

In the end position braking system according to the invention, it can also be provided that the end position braking system has a connection for an external energy supply, in particular for supplying the microprocessor with electrical energy. The possibility of connecting to an external energy supply can ensure that sufficient electrical energy is always available to operate the microcontroller. This external supply of energy can be present as an alternative or in addition to an internal electrical energy store, as has already been described above.

• - das Getriebe als Teil der Koppeleinheit an der Führung anordenbar und die Zahnstange als Teil der Koppeleinheit mit dem Bewegtelement mechanisch wirkverbindbar ist, oder
• - das Getriebe als Teil der Koppeleinheit am Bewegtelement anordenbar ist und die Zahnstange als Teil der Koppeleinheit mit der Führung mechanisch wirkverbindbar ist.

The end position braking system according to the invention can also be further developed in that the coupling unit has a rack and the gear has a free gear wheel which is designed for meshing engagement in the rack and that for coupling the movement of the moving element with a movement of the gear wheel

• - the gear can be arranged as part of the coupling unit on the guide and the toothed rack can be mechanically operatively connected to the moving element as part of the coupling unit, or
• - The transmission can be arranged as part of the coupling unit on the moving element and the toothed rack can be mechanically operatively connected to the guide as part of the coupling unit.

A unit consisting of a toothed rack and a meshing gear wheel represents a mechanically particularly simple system for converting a linear sliding movement of the moving element into a rotary movement of the rotor of the electric motor. The meshing engagement of the gear wheel is not necessary for the complete movement of the moving element into its end position, it is sufficient off when the meshing engagement is present during the final portion of the movement, which includes reaching the end position.

In the end position system according to the invention, essentially two different locations for the electric motor are possible, on the one hand stationary to a guide of the moving element or on the other hand moving with the moving element. In the first case, the transmission, as the part of the coupling unit coupled to the electric motor, is likewise arranged in a stationary manner on the guide, with the toothed rack at least partially moving with the moving element. For this purpose, the rack is coupled or reversibly coupled to the moving element. In the second case it is exactly the opposite, the electric motor and the gear move with the moving element and the toothed rack is designed such that it remains at least partially stationary for the guide during the movement of the moving element towards its end position. In both cases, the coupling between the movement of the moving element and the rotor of the electric motor is brought about by the relative movement of the toothed rack to the meshing gear wheel.

A further development of the end position braking system according to the invention provides that the toothed rack can be rigidly connected to the moving element or the guide. For this purpose, the toothed rack can be glued, welded, soldered, clipped, screwed, riveted, jammed or the like to the moving element or the guide. A mechanically particularly simple design of erfindungsge Mass end position braking system can be effected in this way.

• - das Stangenlager als Teil der Koppeleinheit an der Führung und das Aktivierungselement als Teil der Koppeleinheit am Bewegtelement anordenbar ist, oder
• - das Stangenlager als Teil der Koppeleinheit am Bewegtelement und das Aktivierungselement als Teil der Koppeleinheit an der Führung anordenbar ist.

Alternatively, the end position braking system according to the invention can be further developed in such a way that the coupling unit has a rod bearing for the displaceable mounting of the toothed rack parallel to the direction of movement of the moving element and a driver system with a driver element and an associated activation element for establishing and releasing a mechanical operative connection, the driver element on the rod bearing guided rack is arranged and further

• - The rod bearing can be arranged as part of the coupling unit on the guide and the activation element as part of the coupling unit on the moving element, or
• - The rod bearing can be arranged as part of the coupling unit on the moving element and the activation element as part of the coupling unit on the guide.

In this embodiment of the end position braking system according to the invention, the toothed rack and the gear wheel can be arranged on the same element, guide or moving element. In this way, a meshing engagement of the gear wheel in the rack can be permanently ensured, problems at the beginning of the meshing engagement, for example an inaccurate relative alignment of the teeth of the gear wheel to the valleys of the rack, can be avoided. In order to still allow a relative movement of the toothed rack to the gear wheel, the toothed rack is slidably mounted in a rod bearing. A driver system ensures a reversible establishment or release of a mechanical operative connection between the elements of the end-position braking system according to the invention arranged on the guide and on the moving element. In this case, the driver element can also be guided in the rod bearing, for example. Furthermore, the rod bearing can have a curved course in one end section, whereby the driver element is pivoted guided by the rod bearing to release the mechanical operative connection and in this way releases the activation element or cancels the mechanical operative connection. Both arrangement variants are also possible in this embodiment of the end-position braking system according to the invention; the electric motor can be arranged both on the guide and, alternatively, on the moving element.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by a system consisting of a guide and a moving element that is movably mounted in the guide between at least one starting position and one end position, having an end position braking system for braking the movement of the moving element into its end position, as described above. All the features and advantages that have been described in detail above with reference to an end position braking system according to the invention can thus be achieved by a system according to the invention. Furthermore, the system according to the invention is characterized in that it has means for carrying out a method according to the invention.

• - Schublade
• - Gebäudeschiebetür oder -fenster
• - Möbelschiebetür

In the system according to the invention, it can preferably be provided that the moving element is one of the following elements:

• - Drawer
• - Building sliding door or window
• - Furniture sliding door

This list is not complete, so that systems with other moving elements can also be implemented. Drawers, furniture sliding doors and building sliding doors or windows mostly represent manually moved moving elements. The inventive advantage of improved damping of a movement of the moving element into an end position while at the same time ensuring that the end position is reached can increase user comfort for these moving elements.

The system according to the invention can also be designed such that the guide has a U-shaped guide mount for displaceably mounting the moving element and the electric motor and the short-circuit unit of the end position braking system are arranged in the guide mount. Sliding doors, in particular, often have U-shaped guide mounts in which roller carriages of the sliding doors are guided, with the sliding doors being arranged hanging below the guide mounts. An additional arrangement of at least parts of the end position braking system according to the invention in the U-shaped guide mount thus represents a particularly space-saving option.

Alternatively, it can be provided in the system according to the invention that the guide has an L-shaped guide mount for displaceably mounting the moving element and the electric motor and/or the short-circuit unit of the end position braking system are arranged on an outside of the guide mount. In contrast to the building sliding doors described above, sliding doors for cupboards are often arranged next to the corresponding trolleys, which are then guided in preferably L-shaped guide receptacles.

Here, an arrangement of parts of the end position braking system according to the invention on an outside of the guide mount has proven to be advantageous since, for example, full use of the entire length of the guide mount for driving the carriage remains usable.

According to a further alternative embodiment of the system according to the invention, it can be provided that the electric motor and the short-circuit unit of the end position braking system are arranged on the moving element. In this embodiment, parts of the end position braking system according to the invention, in particular the electric motor and the short-circuit unit, move with the moving element. This makes it particularly easy to define more than one end position along the movement of the moving element at which the end position braking system according to the invention should be active, for example by arranging racks at several correspondingly selected positions along the movement of the moving element. A gear wheel coupled to the electric motor via the transmission then engages in the currently active toothed rack, and the moving element is then braked via the above-described functional relationships.

Furthermore, the system according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the end position braking system has a housing, with at least the electric motor and/or the short-circuit unit being arranged in the housing. Direct access to the elements of the end position braking system can be prevented or at least made more difficult by a housing. Security against unauthorized manipulation of the system according to the invention, in particular of the end position braking system according to the invention, can be increased as a result.

In a preferred development of the system according to the invention, it can be provided that the housing is formed at least in sections by the guide, in particular by the guide receptacle, or by the moving element. In this way it can be achieved that the housing used does not have to completely enclose the electric motor and/or the short-circuit unit, but that the open sides of the housing are also covered by the guide or the moving element. For example, the housing can be designed like a hood, with the lower, open side of the housing being closed by placing the housing on the guide or the moving element. In this way, material can be saved overall in the production of the system according to the invention and the costs can be reduced.

The system according to the invention can also be designed in such a way that the guide, preferably the guide mount, or the housing has a storage mount, in particular a storage mount that is accessible from outside the guide, for accommodating the electrical energy store of the end position braking system, and/or that the guide, preferably the Guide receptacle, or the housing has an adjustment device accessible from outside the guide for adjusting at least one operating parameter of the end position braking system. An electrical energy store of the end-position braking system according to the invention can be arranged in a simple manner, safely and in particular in a visually appealing manner in the system according to the invention by means of a storage receptacle. Accessibility from the outside also enables the electrical energy store to be installed particularly easily, for example when the energy store is replaced. A setting device that is additionally or alternatively available and is also accessible from the outside allows operating parameters to be set, for example a size of the short-circuit resistance. Such a setting device can be a rotary potentiometer, for example.

Furthermore, in the system according to the invention it can be provided that the moving element can be moved back and forth between an open position and a closed position, with the open position forming the end position or the closed position forming the end position. In particular, by selecting an installation location for the end position braking system according to the invention in the system according to the invention, it can be determined whether the closed position or the open position forms the end position. By installing two appropriately positioned end position braking systems in one system, both the closed position and the open position can be selected as the end position. Overall, a closing movement into the closed position, an opening movement into the open position or even both movements of a moving element can be improved by the end position braking system of the system according to the invention, in particular a safe reaching of the corresponding end position without a tension spring or the like.

Alternatively, the system according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the moving element can be moved back and forth between an open position and a closed position, with the electric motor and the short-circuit unit of the end position braking system being arranged on the moving element and with both the open position and the closed position also forming the end position. As already explained above with reference to an embodiment of the end position braking system according to the invention, An arrangement of the electric motor and the short-circuit unit on the moving element enables the corresponding movement of the moving element to be braked in the direction of a plurality of end positions. In order to brake the movement both before reaching the open position and the closed position, provision can be made, for example, for two appropriately positioned toothed racks or activation elements to be arranged on the guide. In this way, the mechanical active connection required for braking and the coupling of the movement of the moving element and the rotation of the electric motor that is provided thereby can be formed at a number of positions.

• - das Getriebe als Teil der Koppeleinheit an der Führung angeordnet ist und die Zahnstange als Teil der Koppeleinheit während der Bewegung in die Endlage zumindest zeitweise mit dem Bewegtelement mechanisch wirkverbunden ist, oder
• - das Getriebe als Teil der Koppeleinheit am Bewegtelement angeordnet ist und die Zahnstange als Teil der Koppeleinheit während der Bewegung in die Endlage zumindest zeitweise mit der Führung mechanisch wirkverbunden ist. Wie oben in Bezug auf das erfindungsgemäße Endlagenbremssystem bereits ausgeführt, gibt es im Wesentlichen zwei verschiedene Anordnungsorte für den Elektromotor, zum einen ortsfest zu einer Führung des Bewegtelements oder zum anderen ortsfest zum Bewegtelement und somit mit diesem mitbewegt. In beiden Fällen wird durch die relative Bewegung der Zahnstange zum kämmenden Zahnrad und die entsprechende zumindest zeitweise gebildete mechanische Wirkverbindung die Kopplung zwischen der Bewegung des Bewegtelements und des Rotors des Elektromotors zur Bewirkung der Abbremsung der Bewegung des Bewegtelements in Richtung seiner Endlage bewirkt.

It can also be provided in the system according to the invention that the coupling unit has a toothed rack and the transmission has a free gear wheel which is designed for meshing engagement in the toothed rack and that for coupling the movement of the moving element with a movement of the gear wheel

• - the gear is arranged as part of the coupling unit on the guide and the toothed rack is mechanically operatively connected at least temporarily as part of the coupling unit during the movement into the end position with the moving element, or
• - The gear is arranged as part of the coupling unit on the moving element and the toothed rack is at least temporarily mechanically operatively connected to the guide as part of the coupling unit during the movement into the end position. As already explained above in relation to the end position braking system according to the invention, there are essentially two different locations for the electric motor, on the one hand fixed to a guide of the moving element or on the other hand fixed to the moving element and thus moved with it. In both cases, the relative movement of the toothed rack to the meshing gear wheel and the corresponding at least temporarily formed mechanical operative connection cause the coupling between the movement of the moving element and the rotor of the electric motor to bring about the deceleration of the movement of the moving element in the direction of its end position.

According to a development, the system according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the toothed rack is rigidly connected to the moving element or the guide. For this purpose, the toothed rack can be glued, welded, soldered, clipped, screwed, riveted, jammed or the like to the moving element or the guide. As already explained above, a mechanically particularly simple design of the end-position braking system according to the invention can be brought about as a result.

• - das Stangenlager als Teil der Koppeleinheit an der Führung und das Aktivierungselement am Bewegtelement angeordnet ist, oder
• - das Stangenlager als Teil der Koppeleinheit am Bewegtelement und das Aktivierungselement an der Führung angeordnet ist.

Alternatively, in the system according to the invention, it can be provided that the coupling unit has a rod bearing for the displaceable mounting of the toothed rack parallel to the direction of movement of the moving element and a driver system with a driver element and an associated activation element for establishing and releasing a mechanical operative connection, the driver element on the rod bearing guided in the rod bearing Rack is arranged and further

• - The rod bearing is arranged as part of the coupling unit on the guide and the activation element on the moving element, or
• - The rod bearing is arranged as part of the coupling unit on the moving element and the activation element on the guide.

In this embodiment of the system according to the invention, the toothed rack and the gear wheel of the end position braking system according to the invention are arranged on the same element, guide or moving element. The features and advantages already described above in relation to a correspondingly designed end position braking system according to the invention can also be achieved in the present corresponding design of the system according to the invention.

1. a) Erkennen einer Bewegung des Bewegtelements in Richtung der Endlage durch das Endlagenbremssystem,
2. b) Stetiges Abbremsen der Bewegung des Bewegtelements in Richtung der Endlage durch das Endlagenbremssystem auf eine Endgeschwindigkeit, und
3. c) Weiterführen der Bewegung in Richtung der Endlage mit der Endgeschwindigkeit bis zum Erreichen der Endlage durch das Bewegtelement.

In addition, the object is achieved by a method for braking a movement in the direction of its end position of a moving element of a system according to the invention, the system having an end position braking system according to the invention. The method according to the invention is characterized by the following steps:

1. a) detection of a movement of the moving element in the direction of the end position by the end position braking system,
2. b) continuous braking of the movement of the moving element in the direction of the end position by the end position braking system to a final speed, and
3. c) Continue the movement in the direction of the end position at the end speed until the end position is reached by the moving element.

The method according to the invention is carried out using a system according to the invention, which in turn includes an end position braking system according to the invention. A method according to the invention thus has all the features and advantages that have already been detailed above with reference to a system according to the invention or an end position braking system according to the invention have been described.

The movement of the moving element in the direction of its end position in step a) of the method according to the invention can be detected, for example, by appropriately designed position sensors which can determine a relative movement of the moving element to the guide. Possible position sensors include, for example, microswitches, membrane potentiometers and/or rotary encoders. Overall, after step a) of the method according to the invention has been carried out, information about a movement of the moving element in the direction of its end position is available. This information can include, for example, a current position and/or a current speed of the moving element.

In the following step b), the actual braking of the movement of the moving element takes place, as a result of which the movement of the moving element can be damped in the direction of its end position. The deceleration is continuous and therefore without interruptions and sudden changes in the intensity of the deceleration. Despite the deceleration, the movement of the moving element thus remains without sudden changes in speed. In particular, the deceleration takes place to a limit speed, so that it is still ensured that the moving element reaches the end position despite the deceleration.

This reaching of the end position takes place in step c) of the method according to the invention. The limit speed reached in step b) is preferably selected or set so low that the moving element is stopped in its end position, for example by contacting a frame or a specially provided stop element, without a major impact.

The method according to the invention can preferably be further developed such that step b) is carried out in such a way that when the moving element reaches the end position, the specified final speed is reached, the final speed being zero or having a value greater than zero. In other words, steps b) and c) are carried out together in this embodiment of the method according to the invention. The moving element reaches the end position and the limit speed at the same time. In this way, the above-mentioned impact of the moving element, which was already minimized in the basic design of the method according to the invention, can be further reduced or even completely avoided.

The method according to the invention is also designed in such a way that the speed of the movement in the direction of the end position is measured once, repeatedly or continuously, and the intensity of the braking is set and/or regulated by the microcontroller based on this measurement or these measurements. In this way, the deceleration can be adapted to the respective movement, which can differ in particular with regard to the initial speed. The deceleration can also be regulated, in particular by repeated or continuous measurements of the speed of the moving element and by a corresponding adaptation of the deceleration by the microcontroller based on these measurements.

With the design of the end position braking system with a rack and a gear with a gear designed for meshing engagement with the rack, the method according to the invention is further developed in such a way that the detection of the movement in the direction of the end position by a first measurement of the speed in step a) and the braking of the movement in step b) is carried out in each case during an engagement of the gear wheel in different rod sections of the toothed rack arranged one after the other along the toothed rack. For example, a first contact between the gear wheel and the rack, or in a design with a driver system between the driver element and the activation element, in which the gear wheel begins to rotate due to the meshing engagement in the rack, can be used to detect the movement of the moving element become. The following rotations of the meshing gear already correspond to the speed of the toothed rack and thus of the moving element and can therefore be used to determine the speed of the moving element. The speed, which is now known, is used by the microcontroller in order to determine an intensity of the deceleration, which is then in turn transmitted to the moving element via the toothed wheel and its meshing engagement in the following third rod section of the toothed rack.

• 1 eine erste Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Systems,
• 2 eine erste Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Endlagenbremssystems,
• 3 eine weitere Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Endlagenbremssystems,
• 4 das in 1 gezeigte System während einer ersten Phase einer Bewegung des Bewegtelements,
• 5 das in 1 gezeigte System während einer zweiten Phase einer Bewegung des Bewegtelements,
• 6 das in 1 gezeigte System während einer dritten Phase einer Bewegung des Bewegtelements,
• 7 das in 1 gezeigte System während einer vierten Phase einer Bewegung des Bewegtelements,
• 8 Geschwindigkeitsverläufe von Bewegungen von Bewegtelementen,
• 9 eine erste Ansicht einer zweiten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Systems mit einem Mitnehmersystem,
• 10 eine zweite Ansicht des in 9 gezeigten Systems,
• 11 eine dritte Ansicht des in 9 gezeigten Systems, und
• 12 eine weitere Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Systems.

Further features and advantages of the invention are described below with reference to the figures. Elements with the same function and mode of operation are provided with the same reference symbols in the individual figures. They show schematically:

• 1 a first embodiment of the system according to the invention,
• 2 a first embodiment of the end position braking system according to the invention,
• 3 a further embodiment of the end position braking system according to the invention,
• 4 this in 1 system shown during a first phase of a movement of the moving element,
• 5 this in 1 system shown during a second phase of a movement of the moving element,
• 6 this in 1 system shown during a third phase of a movement of the moving element,
• 7 this in 1 system shown during a fourth phase of a movement of the moving element,
• 8th Velocity curves of movements of moving elements,
• 9 a first view of a second embodiment of the system according to the invention with a driver system,
• 10 a second view of the in 9 shown system,
• 11 a third view of the in 9 shown system, and
• 12 another embodiment of the system according to the invention.

1 shows a possible embodiment of the system 10 according to the invention. This includes in particular the end position braking system 30 according to the invention and is used to carry out a method according to the invention for braking the movement of the moving element 20 according to arrow 24 into its end position 80 (see for example 7 ) educated.

For this braking, the end position braking system 30 has an electric motor 34 which can be operated as a generator. A coupling unit 50 is provided to form a mechanical operative connection between the moving element 20 , shown here as a roller carriage 22 of a sliding door guided in a guide 12 , in particular a guide receptacle 14 , and a rotor of the electric motor 34 . As is often the case with sliding doors, the guide receptacle 14 is U-shaped, with one of the two legs not being shown for better clarity. In particular, elements of the end position braking system 30 according to the invention, in particular for example the electric motor 34 , can also be arranged within the U-shaped guide receptacle 14 .

In the embodiment shown, the coupling unit 50 has a gear 52 which is connected directly to the electric motor 34 and which also includes a free gear wheel 54 . A toothed rack 58 is in turn arranged on the moving element 20 as part of the coupling unit 50 or is rigidly connected to it. During a movement of the moving element 20 in the direction of the arrow 24, the gear wheel 54 meshes in the toothed rack 58 from a certain position of the moving element 20, so that the movement of the moving element 20 causes the rotor of the electric motor 34 to rotate.

From the position of the moving element 20 described above, the movement of the moving element 20 is coupled to the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor 34 . In order to allow the current generated by the operation of the electric motor 34 as a generator to flow, the end position braking system 30 according to the invention has a short-circuit unit 40 which is designed to short-circuit the electric motor 34 . In other words, the short-circuit unit 40 enables the current generated in the electric motor 34 operated as a generator to flow in a particularly adjustable and/or controllable manner, as a result of which a force is generated overall which counteracts the rotation brought about in the electric motor 34 by the coupling to the movement of the moving element 20. In this way, the movement 24 of the moving element 20 can be decelerated.

In particular, the illustrated end-position braking system 30 has a microcontroller 48 as part of the short-circuit unit 40 . This microcontroller 48 can adjust and in particular regulate the short-circuiting of the electric motor 34, for example based on measurements from a position sensor 36, see FIG 3 . A connection 72 can ensure that the microcontroller 48 is supplied with electrical energy. A particularly uniform braking of the movement of the moving element 20 and in particular a reaching of the end position 80 by the moving element 20 can be made possible by such a microcontroller 48 in a particularly simple and reliable manner.

In addition, the transmission 52 of the illustrated end-position braking system 30 has a freewheel device 56 . This freewheel device 56 cancels the mechanical operative connection between the electric motor 34 and the moving element 20 when the moving element 20 moves out of its end position 80 again. A disruptive braking of such a movement by the end position braking system 30 according to the invention can be avoided in this way.

The 2 and 3 show two possible design alternatives of the end position braking system 30 according to the invention, which differ in particular in the internal structure of the short-circuit unit 40. The following are the two 2 and 3 described together, with particular attention being paid to the differences.

In both configurations, the central element of the end-of-travel braking system 30 is the electric motor 34, which, as with reference to FIG 1 already described via a non-illustrated coupling unit 50 with a moving element 20 or its movement can be coupled and can brake this movement by operating as a generator. Also in both configurations is an electrical energy store 70 which can in particular store electrical energy generated by the electric motor 34 . This energy can be used, for example, to operate the end-position braking system 30 according to the invention and, alternatively or additionally, for example, to actually operate the electric motor 34 as a motor, whereby a movement counter to the direction of the arrow 24 of the moving element from its end position 80 is supported or even causes it alone can be.

In the 2 The embodiment shown of the end-position braking system 30 according to the invention has a short-circuit unit 40 which, in particular, includes an adjustable short-circuit resistor 42 , a diode circuit 44 and a relay 46 . The size of the short-circuit resistance 42 determines the size of the current flowing through the short-circuit unit 40 and thus the current generated for braking in the electric motor 34 . The diode circuit 44 ensures that this current can only flow in one direction, in other words preferably only when the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor 34 corresponds to the movement of the moving element 20 in the direction of its end position 80 . Thus, the diode circuit 44 provides the electrical equivalent of that in 1 The mechanical freewheel device 56 shown. The relay 46, which can switch in particular as a function of voltage or speed, enables the braking of the movement of the moving element 20 caused by the end position braking system 30 according to the invention to take place only up to a lower limit speed of the movement of the moving element 20. This can ensure that the end position 80 is reached by the moving element 20 .

In 3 takes all of these in 2 by the individual electrical components, in particular by the diode circuit 44 and by the relay 46, a microcontroller 48. This microcontroller 48 can, for example by appropriately setting a short-circuit resistor 42 (not shown), adapted, in particular controlled, braking of the movement of the moving element effect 20 In particular, a position sensor 36 can be used as a basis for regulation, which provides information about a current position of the moving element 20 , for example also about a current speed of the moving element 20 . A particularly situation-adapted deceleration of the movement of the moving element 20 up to a regulation of this deceleration can thus be made possible.

In the 4 until 7 will again be the already in 1 system 10 according to the invention shown. With reference to the above description of the system 10 according to the invention 1 is therefore referenced. The only difference is that the electric motor 34 and the short-circuit unit 40 are hidden by a housing 32 of the end-of-travel braking system 30 . As shown, the housing 32 can be designed in particular in the manner of a hood. The guide 12, in particular the guide mount 14, also forms part of the housing 32.

The individual representations of 4 until 7 each differ in the position of the moving element 20, again represented by the roller carriage 22, along the movement of the moving element in the direction of the arrow 24 from its starting position 82 ( 4 ) up to its end position 80 ( 7 ). In the illustrated embodiment of the system 10 according to the invention, the starting position 82 corresponds to an open position 90, the end position 80 to a closed position 92. In principle, this assignment is also possible in reverse with a corresponding arrangement of the system 10 according to the invention relative to the moving element 20.

In 4 is the moving element 20 in its starting position 82, the movement according to arrow 24 in the direction of the end position 80 has just begun. It is clearly visible that the toothed rack 58 rigidly arranged on the roller carriage 22 is still so far removed from the main components of the end position braking system 30 that the gear wheel 54 of the gear mechanism 52 does not yet mesh with the toothed rack 58 . Thus, the moving element 20 and the electric motor 34 are not yet in an operative mechanical connection, and the movement of the moving element 20 is not braked at this stage of the movement.

In 5 the roller carriage 22, guided in the guide receptacle 14, has moved a little further. The toothed rack 58, in particular its first rod section 60a, contacts the gear wheel 54 and sets it in motion. Since the gear wheel 54 also represents a position sensor 36, for example a rotary encoder, the in 5 situation shown the first step a) of a method according to the invention for braking a movement of the moving element 20 in Direction of an end position 80, since this very movement according to arrow 24 of the moving element 20 is recognized by this contacting of the toothed rack 58 and the gear wheel 54 . In particular, for example, the measurement signals of the position sensor 36 can be evaluated by a microcontroller 48 of the short-circuit unit 40 (not shown).

This evaluation is continued when the movement is continued according to arrow 24, so that as in 6 shown, a speed of the movement of the moving element 20 can be determined by the microcontroller 48 when the toothed wheel 54 meshes with the following rod section 60b. In this way, a short-circuit resistance 42 (also not shown) of the short-circuit unit 40 can be adjusted by the microcontroller 48 in a particularly precise manner to the movement of the moving element 20 that is present.

7 shows the moving element 20 briefly when the end position 80 is reached. During the meshing engagement of the gear wheel 54 in the rod section 60c of the toothed rack 58, the movement according to arrow 24 was first continuously braked according to step b) of the method according to the invention by the controlled short-circuiting of the electric motor 34. This deceleration is also controlled by a repeated or continuous measurement of the speed of the moving element 20 by evaluating the measurement data of the position sensor 36 by the microcontroller 48 . In particular, the deceleration in step b) of the method according to the invention is carried out until a final speed 110, not shown, is reached, see FIG 8th , carried out and then the movement according to arrow 24 continued until reaching the end position 80 with this end speed 110. Provision can preferably be made for the reaching of the final speed 110 to coincide with the reaching of the end position 80, with the final speed 110 also being able to be zero. In this way, it is possible to reach the end position 80 particularly gently and yet safely.

In 8th different speed curves 100, 102, 104, 106 of a movement according to arrow 24 are shown graphically. These are speed curves 100, 102, as they occur in systems 10 according to the invention, and speed curves 104, 106, as they occur in systems according to the prior art. One speed profile 100, 104 with a higher starting speed 112 and two speed profiles 102, 106 with a lower starting speed 112 are shown in each of the two groups.

It is clearly visible that the two systems according to the prior art always decelerate to the same extent and then accelerate again in order to ensure that end position 80 (door position 0%) is reached. This acceleration is generated by the tension springs used in systems according to the prior art, which must be retensioned each time the moving element 20 is used.

In contrast to this, systems 10 according to the invention can be used to achieve continuous deceleration up to the final speed 110 , with the final speed 110 also being reached in particular when the end position 80 is reached. A particularly gentle and yet safe reaching of the end position 80 can be made possible. In particular, the tension spring required in systems according to the prior art can be dispensed with and the associated disadvantages avoided.

The 9 until 11 show another possible embodiment of the system 10 according to the invention or the end position braking system 30 according to the invention 9 and 10 show different stages of the movement according to arrow 24 of the moving element 20 in a plan view, 11 additionally the stage of 9 in a three-dimensional oblique view. In the following, therefore, the 9 until 11 described together, with the differences between the figures being discussed in each case.

In contrast to the in 1 The variant shown here has the guide 12 on an L-shaped guide receptacle 14, as is often used for cabinet doors as moving elements 20, for example. Most of the elements of the end position braking system 30 according to the invention, in particular the electric motor 34, are also arranged in a housing 32 on an outside of the guide receptacle 14.

Furthermore, as part of the coupling unit 50 , the toothed rack 58 is not arranged rigidly on the moving element 20 , but instead is guided in a rod bearing 62 of the coupling unit 50 . A displacement of the rack 58 in the rod bearing 62 parallel to the movement of the moving element 20 according to arrow 24 can be made possible. A driver element 66 of a driver system 64 is arranged at the end of the toothed rack 58 . An activation element 68 as a further element of the driver system 64 is fixedly arranged on the moving element 20 .

The driver element 66 is designed in two parts. When the moving element 20 moves in the direction of the end position 80 in accordance with arrow 24, a first section of the driver element 66 that is configured in one piece with the toothed rack 58 causes the driver element 66 to be moved when it comes into contact with the activation element 68, see FIG 9 and 10 . A second section of driver element 66 arranged in an articulated manner on toothed rack 58 ensures that when moving element 20 moves in the opposite direction out of its end position 80, i.e. counter to arrow 24, toothed rack 58 is brought back into the position in which 9 is shown. This second section of the driver element 66 is also guided in the rod bearing 62, the rod bearing 62 having an angled profile at its end in order to prevent the second section of the driver element 66 from pivoting and thus the mechanical operative connection between the driver element 66 and the activation element 68 to be released. and thus between the electric motor 34 and the moving element 20 to ensure.

The deceleration of the movement of the moving element 20 in the direction of the arrow 24 also takes place in this embodiment of the system 10 according to the invention by the above 1 and 4 to 7 described coupling between the movement of the moving element 20 and the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor 34. It is clearly visible that between the 9 and 10 the rack 58 moves under the meshing gear 54 of the gear 52. This causes the rotor of the electric motor 34 to rotate, which operates as a generator as above with reference to FIG 4 until 7 described, the deceleration of the movement of the moving element 20 in the direction of arrow 24 causes.

12 shows an external view of a housing 32 of an embodiment of the end position braking system 30 according to the invention, which is arranged in a U-shaped guide receptacle 14 of a guide 12 of a system 10 . An adjustment device 18 and a storage receptacle 16 are accessible from outside the housing 32 . The setting device 18 can be used, for example, to set the size of the short-circuit resistance 42 (not shown) in order to take into account, for example, the weight of the moving element 20 in the braking effect to be generated by the end position braking system 30 according to the invention. As shown, this setting device 18 can be designed, for example, as a rotary potentiometer. An electrical energy store 70 is arranged in the storage receptacle 16 so that it is accessible from the outside. The energy store 70 can be in the form of an accumulator or a battery, with the accessibility making it easier to replace the energy store 70 .

Reference List

10

system

12

guide

14

lead recording

16

memory recording

18

adjustment device

20

moving element

22

roller carriage

24

movement / arrow

30

End position braking system

32

Housing

34

electric motor

36

position sensor

40

short circuit unit

42

short circuit resistance

44

diode circuit

46

relay

48

microcontroller

50

coupling unit

52

transmission

54

gear

56

freewheel device

58

rack

60a,b,c

bar section

62

rod bearing

64

carrier system

66

driver element

68

activation element

70

energy storage

72

Connection

80

end position

82

initial position

90

disclosure

92

closed position

100

Velocity curve of a system according to the invention

102

Velocity curve of a system according to the invention

104

Velocity curve of a system according to the prior art

106

Velocity curve of a system according to the prior art

110

Top speed

112

starting speed

120

start of braking

Claims (30)

Method for braking a movement (24) in the direction of an end position (80) of a moving element (20) of a system (10) made up of a guide (12) and one between at least one starting position (82) and one end position (80) in the guide ( 12) movably mounted moving element (20), the system (10) having an end position braking system (30) for a moving element (20) movably mounted between at least one starting position (82) and one end position (80) in a guide (12) for braking the Movement (24) of the moving element (20) into its end position (80), the end position braking system (30) having an electric motor (34) and a short-circuit unit (40) for short-circuiting the electric motor (34), further having a coupling unit (50) for the mechanical Coupling the movement (24) of the moving element (20) with the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor (34) during at least part of the movement (24) of the moving element (20) from the starting position (82) to the end position (80), the coupling unit (50) comprising a gear mechanism (52) that is mechanically operatively connected to the rotor, wherein during a movement (24) of the moving element (20) in the direction of its end position (80), the movement (24) of the moving element (20) is controlled by the coupling unit (50) can be coupled to the rotation of the rotor and the electric motor (34) short-circuited by the short-circuit unit (40) can be operated as a generator to brake the movement (24). the end position braking system (30) having a microcontroller (48), the end position braking system (30) also having a rack (58) and the gear (52) having a gear wheel (54) designed to mesh with the rack (58), characterized by following steps: a) detection of a movement (24) of the moving element (20) in the direction of the end position (80) by the end position braking system (30), b) continuous braking of the movement (24) of the moving element (20) in the direction of the end position (80 ) by the end position braking system (30) to an end speed (110), and c) continuing the movement (24) in the direction of the end position (80) at the end speed (110) until the end position (80) is reached by the moving element (20) , wherein the speed of the movement (24) in the direction of the end position (80) is measured once or repeatedly or continuously and the strength of the braking is set and/or regulated by the microcontroller (48) based on this measurement or these measurements , and wherein the detection of the movement (24) in the direction of the end position (80) by a first measurement of the speed in step a) and the braking of the movement (24) in step b) each during an engagement of the gear (54) in different , along the rack (58) successively arranged rod sections (60a, b, c) of the rack (58) is carried out. procedure after claim 1 , characterized in that step b) is carried out in such a way that when the moving element (20) reaches the end position (80), the predetermined end speed (110) is reached, the end speed (110) being zero or having a value greater than zero. System (10) consisting of a guide (12) and a moving element (20) which is slidably mounted in the guide (12) between at least an initial position (82) and an end position (80), having an end position braking system (30) for the moving element (20) for braking the movement (24) of the moving element (20) into its end position (80), having an electric motor (34) and a short-circuit unit (40) for short-circuiting the electric motor (34), also having a coupling unit (50) for mechanically coupling the Movement (24) of the moving element (20) with the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor (34) during at least part of the movement (24) of the moving element (20) from the starting position (82) to the end position (80), the coupling unit (50 ) comprising a gear (52) mechanically operatively connected to the rotor, wherein during a movement (24) of the moving element (20) in the direction of its end position (80), the movement (24) of the moving element (20) through the coupling unit (50) with the Rotation of the rotor can be coupled and the electric motor (34) short-circuited by the short-circuit unit (40) for braking the movement (24) can be operated as a generator, characterized in that the system (10) has means for carrying out a method according to claim 1 or 2 having. system (10) according to claim 3 , characterized in that the short-circuit unit (40) has a diode circuit (44) for limiting the braking to a direction of rotation of the rotor corresponding to the movement (24) in the direction of the end position (80) and/or that the gear (52) has a freewheel device ( 56) for decoupling the rotation of the rotor by the movement (24) of the moving element (20) during a movement (24) of the moving element (20) in the direction of its starting position (82). System (10) according to any of the preceding claims 3 or 4 , characterized in that the short-circuit unit (40) has a relay (46), the relay (46) being a voltage-dependent switching relay (46) and being induced by the relay (46) when a voltage threshold value is undershot by a voltage in the electric motor (34). voltage, the short-circuiting of the electric motor (34) can be canceled, and/or the relay (46) is a speed-dependent switching relay (46) and is activated by the relay (46) when a speed of the moving element (20) falls below a speed threshold value in In the direction of its end position (80), the short-circuiting of the electric motor (34) can be canceled. System (10) according to any of the preceding claims 3 until 5 , characterized in that the short-circuit unit (40) for setting and/or regulating the deceleration of the movement (24) in the direction of the end position (80) has a variable short-circuit resistor (42). system (10) according to claim 6 , characterized in that the short-circuit resistance (42) comprises a manually operable potentiometer. system (10) according to claim 6 or 7 , characterized in that the end position braking system (30) has a position sensor (36) for determining the position of the moving element (20) at least in a partial area of the movement (24) between the starting position (82) and end position (80) and a microcontroller (48) for controlled changing of the braking effect based on measurement results of the position sensor (36). system (10) according to claim 8 , characterized in that the position sensor (36) is at least one microswitch that can be activated by the moving element (20) and/or a membrane potentiometer that can be coupled to the moving element (20) and/or a rotary encoder that is mechanically operatively connected to the rotor of the electric motor (34). system (10) according to claim 8 or 9 , characterized in that the microcontroller (48) can be activated by the signal from the position sensor (36) and can be put into a sleep mode without being activated by the position sensor (36). System (10) according to any of the preceding claims 3 until 10 , characterized in that the end position braking system (30) has an electrical energy store (70). system (10) according to claim 11 , characterized in that by introducing the electrical energy stored in the electrical energy store (70) into the electric motor (34), a movement (24) of the moving element (20) from the end position (80) in the direction of its starting position (82) can be supported. System (10) according to any of the preceding Claims 8 until 12 , characterized in that the end position braking system (30) has a connection (72) for an external power supply. System (10) according to any of the preceding claims 3 until 13 , characterized in that the coupling unit (50) has a rack (58) and the gear (52) has a free gear (54) which is designed for meshing engagement in the rack (58), and that for coupling the movement ( 24) of the moving element (20) with a movement (24) of the gear wheel (54) - the gear (52) as part of the coupling unit (50) can be arranged on the guide (12) and the toothed rack (58) as part of the coupling unit (50 ) can be mechanically operatively connected to the moving element (20), or - the gear (52) can be arranged on the moving element (20) as part of the coupling unit (50) and the toothed rack (58) as part of the coupling unit (50) with the guide (12 ) is mechanically operatively connected. system (10) according to Claim 14 , characterized in that the toothed rack (58) can be rigidly connected to the moving element (20) or the guide (12). system (10) according to Claim 14 , characterized in that the coupling unit (50) has a rod bearing (62) for the displaceable mounting of the toothed rack (58) parallel to the direction of movement of the moving element (20) and a driver system (64) with a driver element (66) and an associated activation element (68) for establishing and releasing the mechanical active connection, the driver element (66) being arranged on the toothed rack (58) guided in the rod bearing (62) and furthermore - the rod bearing (62) as part of the coupling unit (50) on the guide (12) and the activation element (68) can be arranged on the moving element (20) as part of the coupling unit (50), or - the rod bearing (62) as part of the coupling unit (50) on the moving element (20) and the activation element (68) as part of the coupling unit (50) on the guide (12) can be arranged. System (10) according to one of claims 3 until 16 , characterized in that the moving element (20) is one of the following elements: - drawer - sliding building door or window - sliding furniture door System (10) according to one of claims 3 until 17 , characterized in that the guide (12) has a U-shaped guide mount (14) for the displaceable mounting of the moving element (20) and the electric motor (34) and the short-circuit unit (40) of the end position braking system (30) in the guide mount (14) are arranged. System (10) according to one of claims 3 until 17 , characterized in that the guide (12) has an L-shaped guide receptacle (14) for the displaceable mounting of the moving element (20) and the electric motor (34) and/or the short-circuit unit (40) of the end position braking system (30) on an outside of the Guide seat (14) are arranged. System (10) according to one of claims 3 until 17 , characterized in that the electric motor (34) and the short-circuit unit (40) of the end position braking system (30) are arranged on the moving element (20). System (10) according to any of the preceding claims 3 until 20 , characterized in that the end position braking system (30) has a housing (32), at least the electric motor (34) and/or the short-circuit unit (40) being arranged in the housing (32). system (10) according to Claim 21 , characterized in that the housing (32) is formed at least in sections by the guide (12) or by the moving element (20). System (10) according to any of the preceding claims 3 until 22 as well as after claim 11 , characterized in that the guide (12) or the housing (32) has a storage receptacle (16) for accommodating the electrical energy storage device (70) of the end position braking system (30), and/or that the guide (12) or the housing (32 ) has an adjustment device (18) accessible from outside the guide (12) for adjusting at least one operating parameter of the end position braking system (30). System (10) according to any of the preceding claims 3 until 23 , characterized in that the moving element (20) can be moved back and forth between an open position (90) and a closed position (92), the open position (90) forming the end position (80) or the closed position (92) forming the end position (80 ) forms. System (10) according to any of the preceding claims 3 until 24 , characterized in that the moving element (20) can be moved back and forth between an open position (90) and a closed position (92), the electric motor (34) and the short-circuit unit (40) of the end position braking system (30) on the moving element (20) are arranged and wherein both the open position (90) and the closed position (92) form the end position (80). System (10) according to any of the preceding claims 3 until 25 , characterized in that the coupling unit (50) has a rack (58) and the gear (52) has a free gear (54) which is designed for meshing engagement in the rack (58), and that for coupling the movement ( 24) of the moving element (20) with a movement (24) of the gear wheel (54), the gear (52) as part of the coupling unit (50) is arranged on the guide (12) and the toothed rack (58) as part of the coupling unit (50 ) during the movement (24) in the end position (80) at least temporarily with the moving element (20) is mechanically operatively connected. system (10) according to Claim 26 , characterized in that the toothed rack (58) is rigidly connected to the moving element (20). System (10) according to any of the preceding claims 3 until 25 , characterized in that the coupling unit (50) has a rack (58) and the gear (52) has a free gear (54) which is designed for meshing engagement in the rack (58), and that for coupling the movement ( 24) of the moving element (20) with a movement (24) of the gear wheel (54), the gear (52) as part of the coupling unit (50) is arranged on the moving element (20) and the toothed rack (58) as part of the coupling unit (50) during the movement (24) into the end position (80), at least at times, is mechanically operatively connected to the guide (12). system (10) according to claim 28 , characterized in that the rack (58) is rigidly connected to the guide (12). system (10) according to Claim 26 or 28 , characterized in that the coupling unit (50) has a rod bearing (62) for the displaceable mounting of the toothed rack (58) parallel to the direction of movement of the moving element (20) and a driver system (64) with a driver element (66) and an associated activation element (68) for producing and releasing the mechanical operative connection, wherein the driver element ment (66) on the rack (58) guided in the rod bearing (62) and furthermore - the rod bearing (62) as part of the coupling unit (50) on the guide (12) and the activation element (68) on the moving element (20) is arranged, or - the rod bearing (62) is arranged as part of the coupling unit (50) on the moving element (20) and the activating element (68) on the guide (12).

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