DE102020114933A1 - Actuating actuator for a parking lock as well as parking lock, parking lock device, transmission and drive train with such - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an actuation actuator (7) for a parking lock (1) with a normal state, having at least the following components: an actuation element (9) with an actuation axis (8) and with a stop element (49) which is axially movable; a first energy storage element (50), by means of which the actuating element (9) is biased towards a normal position; - a switchable axial magnet (35), by means of which the actuating element (9) counter to the biasing force (51) of the first energy storage element ( 50) can be held in a holding position outside the normal position; and an anchor plate (52) which can be held magnetically in the holding position of the actuating element (9) by means of the axial magnet (35). The actuating actuator (7) is primarily characterized in that the armature plate (52) is axially movable relative to the stop element (49) and by means of a second energy storage element (54) between the holding position and the normal position of the stop element (49) With the actuation actuator proposed here, for example, a locking mechanism with a small footprint and with simple means can be converted into a free state in a parking lock, in which this free state can be maintained without external energy supply.

Description

• - ein Betätigungselement mit einer Betätigungsachse und mit einem Anschlagelement, welches axial bewegbar ist;
• - ein erstes Energiespeicherelement, mittels welchem das Betätigungselement hin zu einer Normal-Position vorgespannt ist;
• - einen schaltbaren Axial-Magnet, mittels welchem das Betätigungselement entgegen der Vorspannkraft des ersten Energiespeicherelements in einer Halte-Position außerhalb der Normal-Position haltbar ist; und
• - eine Ankerplatte, welche mittels des Axial-Magnets in der Halte-Position des Betätigungselements magnetisch haltbar ist. Der Betätigungsaktuator ist vor allem dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ankerplatte relativ zu dem Anschlagelement axial bewegbar und mittels eines zweiten Energiespeicherelements zwischen der Halte-Position und der Normal-Position des Anschlagelements mit einem Überhub-Abstand beabstandet vorgespannt ist. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Parksperre mit einem solchen Betätigungsaktuator in einer normal-gesperrten Konfiguration für eine Parksperrenvorrichtung eines Getriebes, eine Parksperrenvorrichtung mit einer solchen Parksperre, ein Getriebe mit einer solchen Parksperrenvorrichtung für einen Antriebsstrang, einen Antriebsstrang mit einem solchen Getriebe, sowie ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem solchen Antriebsstrang.

The invention relates to an actuation actuator for a parking lock with a normal state, having at least the following components:

• - An actuation element with an actuation axis and with a stop element which is axially movable;
• - A first energy storage element, by means of which the actuating element is biased towards a normal position;
• - A switchable axial magnet, by means of which the actuating element can be held in a holding position outside the normal position against the pretensioning force of the first energy storage element; and
• - An anchor plate which can be held magnetically in the holding position of the actuating element by means of the axial magnet. The actuating actuator is primarily characterized in that the armature plate is axially movable relative to the stop element and is preloaded at an overstroke distance by means of a second energy storage element between the holding position and the normal position of the stop element. The invention further relates to a parking lock with such an actuating actuator in a normally locked configuration for a parking lock device of a transmission, a parking lock device with such a parking lock, a transmission with such a parking lock device for a drive train, a drive train with such a transmission, and a motor vehicle with such a drive train.

Parking locks are, for example, from the DE 10 2018 115 548 A1 known. Motor vehicles with a parking lock, for example with a so-called by-wire parking lock, in a normally locked configuration, i.e. with a blocked chassis in the event of a system failure, which remain in the production plant for a long time, cannot be freely moved in the factory during assembly without an energy supply. There is a need to adapt the assembly sequence and / or set up a temporary energy supply. One solution for this is, for example, an emergency opening screw contained in the parking lock for the duration of the stay in the factory. It is essential that this must be loosened before the vehicle is delivered by means of manual intervention to loosen the emergency opening screw.

Proceeding from this, the present invention is based on the object of at least partially overcoming the disadvantages known from the prior art. The features according to the invention emerge from the independent claims, for which advantageous configurations are shown in the dependent claims. The features of the claims can be combined in any technically meaningful manner, in which case the explanations from the following description and features from the figures can also be used, which include additional embodiments of the invention.

• - ein Betätigungselement mit einer Betätigungsachse und mit einem Anschlagelement, welches axial bewegbar ist;
• - ein erstes Energiespeicherelement, mittels welchem das Betätigungselement hin zu einer Normal-Position vorgespannt ist;
• - einen schaltbaren Axial-Magnet, mittels welchem das Betätigungselement entgegen der Vorspannkraft des ersten Energiespeicherelements in einer Halte-Position außerhalb der Normal-Position haltbar ist; und
• - eine Ankerplatte, welche mittels des Axial-Magnets in der Halte-Position des Betätigungselements magnetisch haltbar ist.

The invention relates to an actuation actuator for a parking lock with a normal state, having at least the following components:

• - An actuation element with an actuation axis and with a stop element which is axially movable;
• - A first energy storage element, by means of which the actuating element is biased towards a normal position;
• - A switchable axial magnet, by means of which the actuating element can be held in a holding position outside the normal position against the pretensioning force of the first energy storage element; and
• - An anchor plate which can be held magnetically in the holding position of the actuating element by means of the axial magnet.

The actuating actuator is primarily characterized in that the armature plate is axially movable relative to the stop element and is preloaded at an overstroke distance by means of a second energy storage element between the holding position and the normal position of the stop element.

In the following, reference is made to the said actuation axis if the axial direction, radial direction or the direction of rotation and corresponding terms are used without explicitly indicating otherwise. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, ordinal numbers used in the preceding and following description are only used to clearly distinguish between them and do not reflect any order or ranking of the components identified. An ordinal number greater than one does not necessarily mean that another such component must be present.

The actuation actuator is actuated electrically or fluidically, that is to say pneumatically or hydraulically, with the actuation element being able to move a stop element fixed for this purpose along the actuation axis between a holding position and a normal position. In a fluidic embodiment of the actuation actuator, the stop element is formed, for example, by a slave piston which is at the end of the, for example rod-like, actuation element is arranged. In one embodiment of the actuation actuator with an electric drive machine, the actuation element is, for example, a spindle drive, preferably with an axially movable (and rotationally fixed) spindle, the stop element then being formed by a shoulder or by a flange-like component axially fixed to the spindle. It should be pointed out at this point that the spindle is designed to be self-locking, free of self-locking does not mean free of friction, the friction in the spindle drive being preferably low.

The actuating element is preloaded in the direction of the normal position by means of a first energy storage element, for example by means of the stop element, so that the actuating element assumes the normal position as soon as there is no external energy supply. In the electrical embodiment, an external energy supply is a rotor torque of an electrical drive machine, by means of which the actuating element can be moved axially against the (first) pretensioning force of the first energy storage element. In the fluidic embodiment, an external energy supply is a fluidic pressure or a fluidic volume in a slave chamber, by means of which the slave piston can be moved axially in the slave chamber against the pretensioning force of the first energy storage element.

It is also proposed here that an axial magnet and a corresponding armature plate are provided, whereby by means of the axial magnet in the holding position of the actuating element and thus of the stop element can be magnetically fixed in such a way that the actuating element is magnetically in the hold position is held. The axial magnet can be switched on and off, preferably by means of a magnetic coil, so that if the electrical supply to the axial magnet fails, the actuating element is returned to the normal position by the first energy storage element and no tensile force has to be exerted on the actuating element in order to return the actuating element from the first energy storage element back to the normal position.

In a preferred embodiment, the actuating element can only be held magnetically by the axial magnet by means of the armature plate. In one embodiment in which the fluid supply depends on the operation of another (external) component, for example operation of an internal combustion engine in a hybrid drive train, independence from this fluid supply is achieved by means of the axial magnet. The axial magnet is preferably set up in such a way that its absorption of external energy is less than the energy absorption for maintaining a fluidic supply or such a rotor torque necessary to hold the holding position.

It is now proposed here that the anchor plate is not axially fixed to the actuating element, but rather is arranged to be axially movable relative to it. A second energy storage element is provided, by means of which (second) pretensioning force, the armature plate is kept axially spaced from the stop element by a predetermined overtravel distance. This overstroke distance is unimpaired between the normal position and the holding position of the actuating element (or the stop element), that is to say constant, neglecting other effects. Only when an axial force is applied to the actuating element which is sufficiently large to overcome the pretensioning force of the second energy storage element can the overtravel distance be reduced. This enables the actuating element to perform a controlled overtravel while at the same time maintaining a holding position with a low energy consumption, namely by holding the actuating element by means of the axial magnet instead of, for example, a rotor torque or a fluid supply.

The overstroke can be used, for example, to engage a parking lock release, i.e. to set the locking mechanism in a free state (see description below). In a preferred embodiment, the overtravel distance is so large that several, at least two, sufficiently discrete overtravel positions can be set. In this way, for example, an unlocking device can be inserted in a first overtravel position which remains automatically engaged when the associated (first) overtravel position is left in the direction of the holding position. The unlocking can only be released again when a second overtravel position is approached, which lies behind the first overtravel position in the direction away from the holding position. This means that the parking lock can be unlocked without an external supply of energy. In another embodiment, the arrangement of the overtravel positions is reversed, that is to say the second overtravel position is arranged axially between the holding position and the first overtravel position. Then releasing the unlocking is preferably dependent on the actuation direction, that is to say only releasable when the second overtravel position (corresponding to the releasing) is approached starting from the holding position. If the second overtravel position is approached from the first overtravel position (corresponding to the insertion of the unlocking), the unlocking remains inserted according to this preferred embodiment.

• - einen Sperrmechanismus zum Sperren eines Sperrenrads in einem Drehmomentfluss, wobei im Einsatz von dem Sperrmechanismus in einem sperrenden Zustand das Sperrenrad blockiert und in einem freien Zustand das Sperrenrad freigegeben ist;
• - einen Betätigungsaktuator nach einer Ausführungsform gemäß der obigen Beschreibung, wobei in der Halte-Position des Betätigungselements der Sperrmechanismus aus dem sperrenden Zustand herausgeführt ist und wobei die Normal-Position des Betätigungselements dem sperrenden Zustand des Sperrmechanismus entspricht;
• - ein Entriegelungselement, mittels welchem in einer entriegelnden Position der freie Zustand des Sperrmechanismus haltbar ist und in einer normalen Position die normal-sperrende Funktion der Parksperre sichergestellt ist; und
• - eine Feststellvorrichtung zum Halten des Entriegelungselements in zumindest der entriegelnden Position,

wobei die entriegelnde Position des Entriegelungselements einer ersten Überhub-Position des Betätigungselements entspricht, bei welchem die Ankerplatte und das Anschlagelement um weniger als den Überhub-Abstand zueinander beabstandet sind.According to a further aspect, a parking lock in a normally locked configuration is proposed for a parking lock device of a transmission, having at least the following components:

• - A locking mechanism for locking a ratchet wheel in a torque flow, wherein in use of the locking mechanism in a locking state the ratchet wheel is blocked and in a free state the ratchet wheel is released;
• - An actuating actuator according to an embodiment according to the above description, wherein in the holding position of the actuating element, the locking mechanism is guided out of the locking state and wherein the normal position of the actuating element corresponds to the locking state of the locking mechanism;
• - An unlocking element, by means of which the free state of the locking mechanism can be retained in an unlocking position and the normal locking function of the parking lock is ensured in a normal position; and
• - A locking device for holding the unlocking element in at least the unlocking position,

wherein the unlocking position of the unlocking element corresponds to a first overtravel position of the actuating element, in which the anchor plate and the stop element are spaced apart from one another by less than the overtravel distance.

The parking lock proposed here is set up in a normally locked configuration, so that in the event of a system failure, for example a power failure due to a discharged battery, the locking mechanism blocks the ratchet wheel and the ratchet wheel is only released by the locking mechanism in an energized state. In a released state, the ratchet wheel can be freely rotated, for example used in a transmission of a motor vehicle, and the motor vehicle can be rolled. In a locked state of the ratchet wheel, the motor vehicle cannot be rolled in such an application in a transmission. The parking lock is actuated by means of the (for example electrical and / or fluidic, for example pneumatic or hydraulic) actuating actuator or its actuating element. The actuation element can be moved along its actuation axis, for example as a piston rod or spindle. In its (passive) normal position, no external energy consumption is necessary in that the actuating element is held in the normal position by means of a (first) energy storage element. In the (active) holding position, an external energy absorption is necessary, the counterforce of the (first) energy storage element and the locking mechanism being overcome by supplying external energy, for example in the form of an electrical voltage or supplying a hydraulic fluid to a Slave chamber of the actuating actuator, and can be taken over by the (connectable) magnetic force of the axial magnet once the holding position has been reached.

In the event of a failure of the electrical supply or loss of a fluid supply, the locking mechanism is switched to the locking state and thus the locking wheel is blocked. In order to switch this off for a passive state (also referred to as transport mode, for example in a motor vehicle during production, transport or in a workshop), it is proposed here that an unlocking element be provided which is set up in such a way that the free state of the ratchet wheel contrary to the normally locked configuration of the parking lock is durable. In this passive state, it is ensured that when the parking lock is used in a transmission of a motor vehicle, the motor vehicle can continue to roll. In order to cancel this passive state, which is undesirable when the parking lock is in operation, the unlocking element can be deactivated again.

The locking device is designed to hold the unlocking element in the unlocking position. If the locking device does not hold the unlocking element in the unlocking position, the free state of the locking mechanism of the unlocking element cannot be maintained unless the actuating element is appropriately held by the actuating actuator while absorbing external energy, i.e. actively. This means that the unlocking position and thus the free state of the locking mechanism can only be set in the interaction of the unlocking element and the locking device (permanently without external energy supply). The locking device is self-retaining at least in that (holding) position corresponding to the unlocking position of the unlocking element, for example by means of a latch.

In one embodiment it is proposed that the locking device comprises a pretensioned latching element and the unlocking element comprises a latching receptacle corresponding to the latching element. In the corresponding position of the unlocking element, namely the unlocking position, the latching element engages in the latching receptacle as a result of the bias, so that the unlocking position of the unlocking element is then held without an external power supply. The locking element is designed as a pin, for example, which by means of an energy storage element (on the locking side), for example a helical compression spring, axially biased in the direction of the locking receptacle. In one embodiment, the latching element is deflected from a contour of the unlocking element when the latching receptacle of the unlocking element is not in the relative deflection in which the latching element can engage in the latching receptacle. In another embodiment, the locking device comprises a further element, for example an emergency release element, by means of which the latching element can be held in a deflected manner.

It is proposed here that the unlocking element can be transferred into the unlocking position by means of the actuating actuator, namely with the actuating element in a (first) overtravel position, the locking device then simultaneously fixing the unlocking element in the unlocking position. The locking mechanism is then held in the free state without an external power supply. In one embodiment, the locking device can be released again exclusively by means of an external energy supply and / or manually from the outside (for example, releasing a latching) and thus the unlocking element can be returned to the normal position, so that the normal locking function of the parking lock is restored.

In a preferred embodiment, the unlocking element is pivotably mounted in such a way that it is pivotably mounted between its unlocking position and its normal position about a pivot axis arranged at an angle to the actuating axis. In this way, an existing installation space in a transmission can be used effectively and, at the same time, the unlocking element is arranged to be easily accessible from outside the transmission.

Such a pivotable unlocking element can be manufactured inexpensively and a pivot axis can be easily integrated into a gear housing. The position of the unlocking element, in which the normally-locking function (according to the normally-locked configuration) of the parking lock is not hindered, is accordingly referred to here as normal.

It is further proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the parking lock that the actuating element in a second overtravel position releases the locking device from its holding position corresponding to the unlocking position of the unlocking element and (at least up to the actuating element the first overtravel position normal-sided is not reached) remains solved.

A position of the actuating element between a respectively described position and the normal position is referred to here as the normal-sided position. This means that the respective position is not reached on the normal side when the actuating element is in a position between the respective position and the normal position or at the normal position. It is also proposed here that the locking device can also be released by means of the actuation actuator, namely with a further (second) overtravel position, so that the unlocking element then returns to the normal position and the normal locking function of the parking lock is restored. In one embodiment, the actuating element acts directly on the locking device in such a way that the locking device is released, for example its locking element is lifted out of the locking receptacle.

It is also proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the parking lock that the holding position of the locking device is triggered by means of the actuating element when the normal position is reached by the actuating element of the actuating actuator,
preferably as soon as the actuating element of the actuating actuator reaches the holding position or falls below it on the normal side.

In one embodiment, the holding position of the locking device is only released when the actuating element is again in the holding position. However, it is necessary to assume the corresponding (second) overtravel position in order to enable the locking device to be released. One advantage of this is that the locking mechanism returns to the (normal) locking state without any load from the actuating element.

In a preferred embodiment, the locking device is already released when the holding position has been reached or has fallen below (at least a little). In another embodiment, the locking device is already released when a releasing (second) overtravel position is approached, and when an unlocking (first) overtravel position is passed from the releasing (second) overtravel position, the unlocking is excluded.

It is also proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the parking lock that a switching device is provided for releasing the locking device,
wherein the unlocking element and the switching device are designed to be pivotable, preferably about a common pivot axis.

It is proposed here that a switching device is also provided, by means of which it is possible to switch whether the latching element is in the Locking receptacle can intervene or not. In one embodiment, the switching device is part of the locking device and can be actuated, for example, by means of an emergency release element. In another embodiment, the switching device is part of the unlocking element and can be actuated, for example, by means of the actuating element. In one embodiment, the switching device can be actuated both by an external element, for example an emergency release element, and by the actuating actuator, for example by means of the actuating element.

It is also proposed here that the switching device is pivotably mounted so that the installation space advantages mentioned above with regard to the unlocking element can also be achieved and / or a mechanical connection to the actuating element can be created for switching the switching device. Such a mechanical connection is, for example, direct contact with the actuating element (at least when switching).

In a preferred embodiment, the unlocking element and the switching device can be pivoted about a common pivot axis, particularly preferably mounted by means of the same component. For example, the unlocking element and the switching device are designed as disk segments which have a contour on their respective circular segment surface. The contour of the unlocking element comprises at least the latching receptacle, which preferably deflects the latching element during a pivoting movement in the direction of unlocking and / or causes the latching element to be lifted out of the latching receptacle in the direction of release by means of a ramp (on the unlocking side). The contour of the switching device comprises at least one blocking element, by means of which the latching element is prevented from engaging in the latching receptacle. The contour preferably also comprises a (switching-side) ramp, by means of which the engagement of the latching element in the latching receptacle is released directly or indirectly by means of the actuating element during a pivoting movement in the direction of the latching element.

It is also proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the parking lock that an emergency unlocking element is provided, by means of which the unlocking element can be held in the unlocking position,
wherein the emergency release element is preferably a, particularly preferably self-locking, threaded pin.

It is proposed here that an emergency unlocking element is also provided, by means of which, in addition or as an alternative to transferring the unlocking element by means of the actuating element, the emergency unlocking element can be used to transfer the unlocking position. This is advantageous, for example, in the event of a breakdown and a failure of a supply voltage or a supply pressure, so that an external energy supply is not initially necessary in order to set the free state of the locking mechanism.

In one embodiment, the emergency unlocking element, by means of which the unlocking element can be held at least in the unlocking position, is formed by a threaded pin. This has the advantage that, with corresponding forces, a force transmission and thus actuation (that is, unlocking) of the locking mechanism, preferably without further intermediate elements, is set very directly via the thread pitch of the threaded pin. In a particularly simple embodiment, the unlocking element is designed as a pivot lever and the emergency unlocking element as a threaded pin and no further element is provided by means of which the locking mechanism is held in the free state during the unlocking position of the unlocking element.

In an advantageous embodiment, the threaded pin is designed to be self-locking so that the threaded pin remains in the respective set position without further measures having to be taken or a further device such as a lock nut or a locking device having to be provided.

It is further proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the parking lock that the actuating element is coupled to the unlocking element and the unlocking element is actuated by means of the actuating element.

It is proposed here that the unlocking element be coupled to the actuating element, at least in the unlocking position of the unlocking element. The actuating element is thus led out of the (passive) holding position (for example passively led into the normal position) when the unlocking element is in the unlocking position. This different position of the actuating element can be detected, for example, by means of the control electronics of the actuating element. A reproduction of the released state of the ratchet wheel, for example for an interface in the production line or in the workshop and / or a display in the driver's cab when used in a motor vehicle and / or a blocking of the operational release can thus be set up. For this purpose, no control of the locking device is necessary, as well as none additional measuring electronics required for the unlocking element.

In a preferred embodiment, the unlocking element is pivotably mounted as described above and the pivoting area of the unlocking element is located in an overlapping area with the actuating element of the actuating actuator, so that the unlocking element can be actuated by means of the coupled actuating element. In the first overstroke position, the unlocking element is in the unlocking position and the locking device is in the corresponding holding position in which the unlocking element is held in the unlocking position without an external power supply. In the (optional) embodiment with a second overtravel position, the unlocking element is pivoted in such a way that the locking device (preferably directly by means of the unlocking element) is lifted out of the holding position again.

According to a further aspect, a parking lock device is proposed having
a ratchet wheel for arrangement in a lockable torque flow and a parking lock according to an embodiment according to the above description, wherein the ratchet wheel can be locked by means of the locking mechanism.

The parking lock device proposed here comprises a parking lock and a corresponding locking wheel. The ratchet wheel is integrated in the drive train of a motor vehicle, preferably in a transmission, and can be blocked as described above so that it is prevented from rotating about its wheel axis.

In one embodiment, the parking lock and the ratchet wheel form a structural unit. Such a structural unit can be delivered for installation as a coherent component and can be assembled at the intended assembly location, for example in a motor vehicle, without the need to disassemble this structural unit again. In one embodiment, the locking mechanism, and in one embodiment also the locking wheel, is a structural unit, while the actuating actuator is formed separately, wherein in one embodiment the actuating actuator forms a separate further structural unit.

When installed in a drive train, the ratchet wheel is arranged in such a way that at least one of the consumers is prevented from transmitting or absorbing torque when the locking mechanism is in the locking state, that is, the ratchet wheel is blocked.

The parking lock device proposed here is, among other things, particularly simple in design, can be inserted into an existing installation space, and the unlocking function is ensured with simple means, the unlocking function being controllable by means of the actuating actuator.

• - eine Parksperrenvorrichtung nach einer Ausführungsform gemäß der obigen Beschreibung;
• - ein Drehmomentübertragungsgetriebe, welches das Sperrenrad umfasst; und
• - ein Getriebegehäuse, welches einen Getrieberaum umgibt,

wobei der Sperrmechanismus der Parksperre, bevorzugt vollständig, besonders bevorzugt die gesamte Parksperrenvorrichtung, in dem Getrieberaum angeordnet ist.According to a further aspect, a transmission for a drive train is proposed, having at least the following components:

• - A parking lock device according to an embodiment as described above;
• - A torque transmission gear comprising the ratchet wheel; and
• - a gear housing which surrounds a gear space,

wherein the locking mechanism of the parking lock, preferably completely, particularly preferably the entire parking lock device, is arranged in the transmission space.

The transmission, for example an automatic transmission for a motor vehicle, comprises the ratchet wheel. For example, the ratchet wheel forms a spur gear of a torque transmission gear designed as a shiftable transmission gear. The transmission has a torque input, for example one or more transmission input shafts, and a torque output, for example one or more transmission output shafts. In the transmission, the torque is diverted, reduced, translated and / or distributed (as a differential) in accordance with the acceptance. In one embodiment, the transmission comprises a clutch, for example a friction clutch or a dog clutch, in the torque flow. The torque input is on the drive machine side and the torque output is on the consumer side. However, the direction of torque is also reversed from a consumer (in a main state) to a drive machine or a generator. It is also proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the transmission that the parking lock as a whole or only the locking mechanism is integrated into a transmission space of the transmission formed by a transmission housing.

The transmission proposed here is, among other things, particularly simple in design, can be implemented in a space-neutral manner, with the unlocking function being controllable by means of the actuating actuator.

It is further proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the transmission that the unlocking element and / or the switching device is pivotably mounted in the transmission housing, and / or
the threaded pin according to one embodiment according to the description above is received in a nut thread of the gearbox housing, forming a thread pairing,
wherein an outer space is preferably sealed by means of the threaded pin from the gear space of the gearbox housing, preferably solely by means of the thread pairing.

In one embodiment (regardless of the design of the locking device) the unlocking element is pivotably mounted directly in the gear housing. For example, a receptacle for a fitting screw is provided in the gear housing, on which the unlocking element is held and the screw axis of which is aligned congruently with the pivot axis of the unlocking element. For example, an energy storage element on the unlocking side is designed as a leg spring and (approximately) mounted coaxially on the fitting screw.

In one embodiment, the emergency release element is designed as a threaded pin, which is received directly in the gear housing, which has a corresponding nut thread, preferably designed as a threaded hole, for the screw thread of the threaded pin. A thread pairing is formed by the screw thread and the nut thread, with which a corresponding translation is created, and preferably a self-locking is set, as described above.

In an advantageous embodiment, the gear space is sealed off from the outside space (for example the surroundings) in that the threaded pin has a corresponding seal, for example a sealing ring. In a preferred embodiment, the seal is formed solely by means of the thread pairing, that is, no further sealing means is provided, this thread seal preferably being achieved by means of a corresponding coating on the threaded pin and / or on the nut thread.

In an advantageous embodiment, the emergency unlocking element is visibly displaced from the outside in that (unlocking) position corresponding to the unlocking position, so that the displacement of the emergency unlocking element (for example in the front gap between the bumper and the gearbox in a motor vehicle) allows the immediate conclusion as to whether the unlocking element is in the unlocking position or not. For example, the emergency release element is color-coded and, as a result of the displacement, the color marking is no longer visible and / or an area around the emergency release element is color-coded, this area only becoming visible when the emergency release element is no longer in that position corresponding to the normal position of the unlocking element (normal ) Position. Additionally or alternatively, this emergency unlocking is electronically recorded when the system is restarted, for example by means of a distance measuring unit or by means of the control electronics of the actuation actuator. Such a distance measuring unit is set up, for example, to detect a distance between the actuation actuator and / or the actuation element and the cross member of the locking mechanism. Such control electronics of the actuation actuator include, for example, an odometer which, when there is a coupled connection between the actuation element and the unlocking element, detects a position of the actuation element outside of the holding position.

• - zumindest eine Antriebsmaschine zum Abgeben eines Drehmoments;
• - zumindest einen Verbraucher zum Aufnehmen eines Drehmoments; und
• - ein Getriebe nach einer Ausführungsform gemäß der obigen Beschreibung, wobei die zumindest eine Antriebsmaschine und der zumindest eine Verbraucher mittels des Getriebes drehmomentübertragend miteinander verbunden sind.

According to a further aspect, a drive train is proposed having at least the following components:

• - At least one drive machine for delivering a torque;
• - At least one consumer for receiving a torque; and
• - A transmission according to an embodiment according to the above description, wherein the at least one drive machine and the at least one consumer are connected to one another in a torque-transmitting manner by means of the transmission.

The drive train proposed here comprises at least one drive machine, for example an internal combustion engine and / or an electric drive machine, which at least in one main state forms the torque source of a torque flow. Furthermore, at least one consumer is included, for example a utility unit and / or drive wheels of a motor vehicle, which at least in one main state forms the torque sink of the torque flow. Interposed is a transmission according to an embodiment according to the preceding description, via which the (preferably entire wheel-side) torque flow is passed. If the transmission is locked, the torque flow is locked and torque transmission in the drive train between the torque source and the torque sink is prevented.

The drive train proposed here comprises a transmission which has a parking lock device in a normally locking configuration with the possibility of unlocking. The transmission can be implemented with the same installation space and with only minor additional costs compared to a parking lock device without the possibility of unlocking. In a preferred embodiment, one is also enabled without additional measuring electronics The status of the ratchet wheel can be easily determined and / or can be adjusted without manual intervention from outside (in the factory or in the workshop if there is a short-term power supply) by means of the actuating actuator (transport mode).

According to a further aspect, a motor vehicle is proposed, having at least one drive wheel and a drive train according to an embodiment according to the above description, wherein a torque can be output from the at least one drive machine of the drive train to the at least one drive wheel to drive the motor vehicle, and
a rolling of the motor vehicle is prevented by means of the parking lock device in the locking state of the locking mechanism.

The motor vehicle is, for example, a passenger car, a truck or a motorized two-wheeler. The motor vehicle has a drive train according to an embodiment according to the preceding description. The torque that can be output by the at least one drive machine is output to the at least one drive wheel (consumer) via the transmission. The transmission referred to here is preferably a switchable transmission gear. Alternatively, the transmission is, for example, a fixed transmission, i.e. with an unchangeable transmission, or a differential or a slip clutch. The parking lock device proposed here is preferably designed as described above and particularly preferably integrated into the transmission.

A rotary movement of the at least one propulsion wheel is only possible in a parking switch position if the parking lock (and the legally prescribed parking brake) are released. For the rest, reference is made to the above description of the parking lock device.

The motor vehicle proposed here comprises a transmission which has a parking lock device in a normally locking configuration with the possibility of unlocking. The transmission can be implemented with the same installation space and with only minor additional costs compared to a parking lock device without the possibility of unlocking, the unlocking function being controllable by means of the actuating actuator.

• 1: eine schematische Darstellung einer Parksperrenvorrichtung im gesperrten Zustand;
• 2: die schematische Darstellung der Parksperrenvorrichtung gemäß 1 im freigegebenen Zustand;
• 3: die Parksperre in der schematischen Darstellung gemäß 1 im Übergang zum entriegelnden Zustand (Transportmodus);
• 4: die Parksperre in der schematischen Darstellung gemäß 2 im entriegelnden Zustand (Transportmodus) und mit dem Betätigungselement in der ersten Überhub-Position;
• 5: die Parksperrenvorrichtung gemäß 1 mit dem Betätigungselement in der zweiten Überhub-Position;
• 6: die Parksperrenvorrichtung gemäß 1 mit mittels Notentriegelungselement gelöstem Entriegelungselement; und
• 7: ein Antriebsstrang mit einer Parksperrenvorrichtung in einem Kraftfahrzeug.

The invention described above is explained in detail below against the relevant technical background with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show preferred embodiments. The invention is in no way restricted by the purely schematic drawings, it being noted that the drawings are not dimensionally accurate and are not suitable for defining size relationships. It is shown in

• 1 : a schematic representation of a parking lock device in the locked state;
• 2 : the schematic representation of the parking lock device according to 1 in the released state;
• 3 : the parking lock in the schematic representation according to 1 in the transition to the unlocking state (transport mode);
• 4th : the parking lock in the schematic representation according to 2 in the unlocking state (transport mode) and with the actuating element in the first overtravel position;
• 5 : the parking lock device according to 1 with the actuating element in the second overtravel position;
• 6th : the parking lock device according to 1 with unlocking element released by means of emergency unlocking element; and
• 7th : a drive train with a parking lock device in a motor vehicle.

In 1 Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a parking lock device 2 shown in the locked state. In this embodiment, the pivot axis run 26th of the unlocking element 10 , the wheel axle 27 of the ratchet wheel 5 and the pawl axis 28 the parking lock latch 29 optionally parallel to one another, as shown, perpendicular to the image plane. The actuation axis 8th of the actuation actuator 7th runs in the image plane and is (optionally) with the locking direction in this embodiment 30th of the locking element arranged in parallel. The parking lock 1 includes a locking mechanism 4th and an operating actuator 7th . The locking mechanism 4th includes a parking lock pawl 29 which around their pawl axis 28 is pivotably mounted and is shown here in the locking state, so that the ratchet wheel 5 is blocked because the parking lock pawl 29 form-fit in the ratchet wheel 5 engages (tooth-in-gap position). The parking lock latch 29 is from a traverse 31 against their bias by means of a pawl-side energy storage element 32 held in the tooth-in-gap position. The traverse 31 in turn is of one on a fixed frame 33 (here a separate component, which is connected to the gear housing 17th is connected) supported preload spring 34 biased in such a way that by means of the support of the traverse 31 on the fixed frame 33 the parking lock latch 29 is geometrically blocked in the locking position shown.

The parking lock pawl is in normal operation 29 only in this way from the engaging (locking) position to the releasing position transferable by the actuation actuator 7th by means of the actuating element 9 along its operating axis 8th against the traverse 31 acts (downwards as shown) and its pretensioning spring 34 tense. The locking mechanism 4th So (only then) remains in the free state or the parking lock pawl 29 in a releasing position as long as the actuating element 9 (active, for example, taking up a power current) against the crossbeam 31 pressing the preload spring 34 deflects the parking lock pawl 29 takes the releasing position and ultimately the ratchet wheel 5 freely around its wheel axle 27 is rotatable. It should be noted at this point that the traverse 31 as well as the actuator 9 not with the parking lock pawl when moving into the holding position 29 , which then assumes the releasing position, collides. Rather, with the same arrangement as shown schematically here, the components are arranged at least in the collision area in different planes (parallel to the image plane) or the components are arranged differently to one another, for example nested.

Now here is the parking lock 1 an unlocking element 10 and a locking device 11th added. The unlocking element 10 is pivotable about its pivot axis in this embodiment 26th stored (for example by means of a fitting screw in the gearbox housing 17th recorded, not shown). The unlocking element 10 has (here optionally at the end) an actuating tip 57 on which in the actuation receptacle 36 of the actuating element 9 engages. The actuation recording 36 of the actuating element 9 is set up here, for example, as a kind of central window, so that the unlocking force of the unlocking element 10 on the actuator 9 free of a bending moment about a normal to the pivot plane of the unlocking element 10 is. The unlocking element 10 is therefore by means of the actuating element 9 along its operating axis 8th around the pivot axis 26th pivotable (compare the following 2 until 5 ). The unlocking element is in a (first) pivoted position 10 by means of the locking device 11th locked (compare 4th ) and the unlocking element is in a further (second) pivot position 10 released again (compare 5 ), wherein the first pivot position is a first overtravel position of the actuating element 9 and the second pivot position of a second of the first overtravel position in the unlocking direction 41 downstream overtravel position corresponds.

The actuation actuator 7th is here as a fluidically, for example hydraulically, operated slave with a slave chamber 58 and one corresponding to the volume in the slave chamber 58 along the actuation axis 8th movable slave piston 59 shown. The actuator 9 is of the (first) preload force 51 a first energy storage element 50 biased towards the normal position. The (active) holding position of the actuating element 9 is without the need for operating pressure concerns in the slave chamber 58 , and preferably more energy efficient, from an axial magnet 35 in cooperation with an anchor plate 52 electro-magnetically durable. This is done using a coil 60 of the axial magnet 35 energized and that in and around the magnetic core 61 The generated magnetic field then fixes the anchor plate 52 at, for example directly on, the magnetic core 61 . The actuator 9 can thus be held in the holding position, regardless of a fluid supply to the slave chamber 58 . The unlocking element is in this active holding position 10 not yet by means of the locking device 11th latched. The normal blocking function is thus ensured. The anchor plate 52 is by means of a (second) pre-tensioning force 53 a second energy storage element 54 from a stop element 49 by an overstroke distance 14th pre-tensioned at a predetermined distance. The stop element 49 is to the actuator 9 axially fixed and in this embodiment from the back of the slave piston 59 educated. The pretensioning force of the second energy storage element is required to carry out an overstroke 54 to overcome. In normal operation of the parking lock device 2 such an overstroke is not initiated. The interaction of the overtravel and the unlocking element 10 is explained in the following figures.

The actuation actuator 7th is controlled by a control unit, which the fluidic supply of the slave chamber 58 (shown here as a pump) and the electrical power consumption of the coil 60 of the axial magnet 35 controls. In addition, there is (optional) a position detector 12th , for example a magnetic field sensor 37 , provided, which by means of a permanent magnet 38 integrated in the actuating element 9 can distinguish between the normal position and the holding position, is preferably set up as a removal device and sufficiently precisely several intermediate positions, particularly preferably including overtravel positions of the actuating element 9 can reproduce. In a preferred embodiment, the actuation actuator is 7th by means of the position detector 12th regulated.

Here the actuation actuator 7th optionally a position detector 12th on, for example a magnetic field sensor 37 , which with the in the actuator 9 integrated permanent magnets 38 with north pole 39 and south pole 40 aligned along the actuation axis 8th cooperates. For example, the ratchet wheel is in the locked state 5 the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 38 so to the magnetic field sensor 37 aligned that the Magnetic field sensor 37 outputs a passive signal or preferably does not output a signal, which is then called a passive signal, i.e. parking lock 1 is inserted, interpreted and with an active query (for example in a motor vehicle 22nd when the electronics are activated by means of the ignition key), for example as an illuminated symbol.

In 2 is the schematic representation of the parking lock device 2 according to 1 shown in the released state. The view differs from that in the 1 that here the actuator 9 is moved into the holding position, wherein the unlocking element 10 has also been pivoted. The ratchet wheel 5 is released by the traverse 31 has been deflected sufficiently. The anchor plate 52 is with the magnetic core 61 in contact and now purely electro-magnetically fixable. The overstroke distance 14th is by means of the second energy storage element 54 held because the volume in the slave chamber 58 does not counteract this. The unlocking element 10 is not locked.

In 3 is the parking lock 1 in the schematic representation according to 1 shown in the transition to the unlocking state (transport mode). From the actuator 9 is due to an increase in volume in the slave chamber 58 an overstroke performed and the overstroke distance 14th between the anchor plate 52 and the stop element 49 against the bias of the second energy storage element 54 decreased. The axial magnet 35 can be switched off in this unlocking state. From the unlocking element 10 is by means of a ramp on the unlocking side 62 a locking element 63 the locking device 11th contrary to the locking-side energy storage element 64 deflected. A switching device 55 (explained below) is not yet or sufficiently little (by means of a first stop 65 ) from the unlocking element 10 swiveled with.

In 4th is the parking lock 1 in the schematic representation according to 1 shown in the unlocking state (transport mode). Here is the actuator 9 in unlocking direction 41 so far in the unlocking direction 41 been proceeded that by the associated pivoting of the unlocking element 10 clockwise as shown, the ramp on the unlocking side 62 of the unlocking element 10 overcome and the locking element 63 in the rest recording 66 is recorded. The actuating element is now in this unlocking state 9 blocked and so held in its current position. This is referred to here as the first overtravel position. There is no need to supply external energy to hold this first overtravel position, in this case neither fluidically nor electromagnetically. The actuator 9 is by means of cooperation from the locking element 63 and the rest recording 66 held positively.

In 5 is the parking lock 1 in the schematic representation according to 2 shown when unlocking. In contrast to 4th is the actuator here 9 with an overstroke further in the unlocking direction 41 , thus downwards as shown in the illustration, and is now in the second overtravel position. Due to the positive contact from the unlocking element 10 and the switching device 55 about a second stop 65 is the switching device 55 from the actuator 9 by means of the unlocking element 10 pivoted clockwise as shown. A ramp on the switching side 67 lifts the locking element 63 against the bias by means of the locking-side energy storage element 64 from the position in which the locking element 63 into the snap-in receptacle 66 of the unlocking element 10 can intervene. Now is the locking element 63 from the blocking element 68 the switching device 55 held out. During the backward movement of the unlocking element 10 can the snap-in mount 66 of the unlocking element 10 under the locking element 63 dive through. The unlocking element is in this shown state 10 thus between the second stop 69 and the first attack 65 the switching device 55 can be pivoted freely from a blockage. The actuator 9 then falls in the event of a shutdown or a sufficient reduction in a supply of external energy (here fluidic supply in the slave chamber 58 and / or the magnetic force of the axial magnet 35 ) back to the normal position.

In 6th is an optional embodiment of the parking lock device 2 shown, furthermore an emergency release element 56 is provided, which with the locking receptacle 66 of the unlocking element 10 cooperates. The unlocking element 10 is from the emergency release element 56 into the holding position or (as shown here) the first overtravel position of the actuating element 9 corresponding swivel position can be transferred. This unlocking is by means of the position detector 12th of the actuation actuator 7th detectable because the unlocking element 10 with the actuator 9 is firmly coupled and thus the actuating element 9 must assume the position shown.

The emergency release element 56 is preferably in the form of a threaded pin 13th executed, which with its screw thread 42 and the nut thread 24 built into a gear housing 17th (compare 7th ) a thread pairing 23 forms. The emergency release element 56 is for transferring the unlocking element 10 Set in the unlocking position by turning the grub screw 13th in screwing direction 30th in the Gear room 18th in against the unlocking element 10 is screwed. The threaded pin 13th is preferably designed to be self-locking, so that the threaded pin 13th remains in the respective set position and that of the threaded pin 13th actuated unlocking element 10 also in that of the set position of the emergency release element 56 corresponding position remains. The position of the threaded pin 13th itself is in the nut thread 24 from the outside space 25th from, for example by hand, adjustable, in a preferred embodiment the thread pairing 23 as (particularly preferred for the emergency release element 56 only) seal between the outside space 25th and the gear room 18th is set up.

In 7th is purely schematically a motor vehicle 22nd with a drive train 15th shown in a plan view, with a drive machine in a transverse frontal arrangement 19th , optionally shown here as an electric drive machine, with its motor axis 48 transverse to the longitudinal axis 43 and in front of the driver's cab 44 of the motor vehicle 22nd is arranged. The powertrain 15th is used to propel the motor vehicle 22nd by driving a left propulsion wheel 20th and a right propulsion wheel 21 (here optionally the front axle of the motor vehicle 22nd ) by means of a torque output from the prime mover 19th via a transmission 3 set up, and so the torque flow shown in dashed lines 6th (shown here with the direction corresponding to a tensile moment). For example, the torque transmission gear 16 part of the transmission 3 , which by means of the gear shift lever 45 in the driver's cab 44 can be switched by a vehicle driver.

In the torque flow 6th is now a parking lock device 2 arranged, bringing the left propulsion wheel 20th and the right propulsion wheel 21 are blockable. The parking lock device 2 includes the parking lock 1 and a ratchet wheel 5 , for example a gear wheel or an additional wheel of the torque transmission gear 16 . The parking lock 1 includes a locking mechanism 4th and an operating actuator 7th , the locking mechanism 4th for example as in 1 and 2 is executed. Here is one embodiment of the parking lock device 2 shown at which (optional) the locking mechanism 4th inside the gear room 18th in the gearbox 17th of the transmission 3 and the actuation actuator 7th outside of the gear housing 17th open to the outside space 25th (Also generally referred to as the engine compartment) is arranged.

• - von einem Getriebeschalthebel 45, beispielsweise mittels einer Parkschaltstellung [P],
• - einem Parkhebel 46; und
• - einem Zündknopf 47 (alternativ einem Zündschlüssel).

The ratchet wheel 5 is in the torque flow 6th arranged in such a way that this causes the motor vehicle to roll away 22nd is preventable. The parking lock device 2 can be operated here with at least one of the following control elements:

• - from a gear shift lever 45 , for example by means of a parking switch position [P],
• - a parking lever 46 ; and
• - an ignition button 47 (alternatively an ignition key).

The parking lock device is also preferred 2 can be operated automatically: for example, when leaving the motor vehicle 22nd (e.g. after locking) the parking lock 1 inserted automatically. In a preferred embodiment, a driver receives in the driver's cab 44 feedback when the locking mechanism 4th is (permanently) unlocked by means of the locking element and thus the normal locking function of the parking lock device 2 is deactivated. Such feedback is, for example, visual and / or acoustical and / or starting the journey is prevented, for example the ignition or switching to the operational readiness of the drive machine 19th is prevented.

With the actuation actuator proposed here, for example in a parking lock, a locking mechanism that requires little installation space and can be converted into a free state with simple means, in which this free state can be maintained without external energy supply.

List of reference symbols

1

Parking lock

2

Parking lock device

3

transmission

4th

Locking mechanism

5

Ratchet wheel

6th

Torque flow

7th

Operating actuator

8th

Actuation axis

9

Actuator

10

Unlocking element

11th

Locking device

12th

Position detector

13th

Grub screw

14th

Overtravel distance

15th

Powertrain

16

Torque transmission gear

17th

Gear housing

18th

Gear room

19th

Prime mover

20th

left propulsion wheel

21

right propulsion wheel

22nd

Motor vehicle

23

Thread pairing

24

Nut thread

25th

Outside space

26th

Swivel axis

27

Wheel axle

28

Ratchet axis

29

Parking lock latch

30th

Screwing direction

31

traverse

32

latch-side energy storage element

33

Frame of the locking mechanism

34

Preload spring

35

Axial magnet

36

Actuation recording

37

Magnetic field sensor

38

Permanent magnet

39

North Pole

40

South Pole

41

Unlock direction

42

Screw thread

43

Longitudinal axis

44

Driver's cab

45

Gear shift lever

46

Parking lever

47

Ignition button

48

Motor axis

49

Stop element

50

first energy storage element

51

first preload

52

Anchor plate

53

second preload

54

second energy storage element

55

Switching device

56

Emergency release element

57

Actuation tip

58

Recipient chamber

59

Slave piston

60

Kitchen sink

61

Magnetic core

62

ramp on the unlocking side

63

Locking element

64

locking-side energy storage element

65

first stop

66

Snap recording

67

switching-side ramp

68

Blocking element

69

second stop

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102018115548 A1 [0002]

Claims (10)

Actuating actuator (7) for a parking lock (1) with a normal state, having at least the following components: - an actuating element (9) with an actuating axis (8) and with a stop element (49) which is axially movable; - A first energy storage element (50), by means of which the actuating element (9) is biased towards a normal position; - A switchable axial magnet (35), by means of which the actuating element (9) can be held in a holding position outside the normal position against the pretensioning force (51) of the first energy storage element (50); and - an anchor plate (52) which can be held magnetically by means of the axial magnet (35) in the holding position of the actuating element (9), characterized in that the anchor plate (52) is axially movable relative to the stop element (49) and is prestressed by means of a second energy storage element (54) between the holding position and the normal position of the stop element (49) at an overstroke distance (14). Parking lock (1) in a normally locked configuration for a parking lock device (2) of a transmission (3), comprising at least the following components: - a locking mechanism (4) for locking a ratchet wheel (5) in a torque flow (6), with im Use of the locking mechanism (4) in a locking state, the ratchet wheel (5) is blocked and the ratchet wheel (5) is released in a free state; - an actuating actuator (7) after Claim 1 wherein in the holding position of the actuating element (9) the locking mechanism (4) is guided out of the locking state and wherein the normal position of the actuating element (9) corresponds to the locking state of the locking mechanism (4); - An unlocking element (10), by means of which the free state of the locking mechanism (4) can be maintained in an unlocking position and the normal locking function of the parking lock (1) is ensured in a normal position; - A locking device (11) for holding the unlocking element (10) in at least the unlocking position, wherein the unlocking position of the unlocking element (10) corresponds to a first overtravel position of the actuating element (9), in which the anchor plate (52) and the Stop element (49) are spaced apart from one another by less than the overtravel distance (14). Parking lock (1) after Claim 2 , the locking device (11) being released from its holding position corresponding to the unlocking position of the unlocking element (10) in a second overtravel position of the actuating element (9) and at least until the actuating element (9) the first overtravel position is normal. is undershot on both sides remains resolved. Parking lock (1) after Claim 3 , the holding position of the locking device (11) being triggered by the actuating element (9) when the normal position is reached by the actuating element (9) of the actuating actuator (7), preferably as soon as the actuating element (9) of the actuating actuator (7 ) the hold position has been reached or is below normal on the normal side. Parking lock (1) after one of the Claims 2 until 4th , wherein a switching device (55) is provided for releasing the locking device (11), the unlocking element (10) and the switching device (55) being designed to be pivotable, preferably about a common pivot axis (26). Parking lock (1) after one of the Claims 2 until 5 , wherein an emergency release element (56) is provided, by means of which the release element (10) can be held in the unlocking position, the emergency release element (56) preferably being a, particularly preferably self-locking, threaded pin (13). Parking lock (1) after one of the Claims 2 until 6th , wherein the actuating element (9) is coupled to the unlocking element (10) and the unlocking element (10) is actuated by means of the actuating element (9). Parking lock device (2), comprising a locking wheel (5) to be arranged in a lockable torque flow (6) and a parking lock (1) according to one of the Claims 2 until 7th , wherein the ratchet wheel (5) can be blocked by means of the locking mechanism (4). Transmission (3) for a drive train (15), having at least the following components: - a parking lock device (2) after Claim 8 ; - A torque transmission gear (16) which comprises the ratchet wheel (5); and - a gear housing (17) which surrounds a gear space (18), wherein the locking mechanism (4) of the parking lock (1), preferably completely, particularly preferably the entire parking lock device (2), is arranged in the gear space (18). Drive train (15) having at least the following components: - at least one drive machine (19) for outputting a torque; - At least one consumer (20, 21) for receiving a torque; and - a gear (3) after Claim 9 wherein the at least one drive machine (19) and the at least one consumer (20, 21) are connected to one another in a torque-transmitting manner by means of the transmission (3).

Images