DE102020109685A1 - Clamping element and clamping device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a clamping element (1), in particular a clamping sleeve (or: clamping sleeve) or collet, for a clamping device (100) for clamping a workpiece (101) or a tool, whereby a) the clamping element (1) about at least one central axis (M ) is oriented, b) the clamping element (1) has at least one clamping surface (3) for the workpiece (101) or tool and at least one support surface (2) facing away from the clamping surface (3) for supporting on a support surface (106) of a clamping body ( 104) of the clamping device (100), c) the clamping surface (3) of the clamping element (1) is formed by two or more clamping surface segments (4) which are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction (U) about the central axis (M), d ) the support surface (2) of the clamping element (1) is formed by two or more support surface segments (5) which are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction (U) around the central axis (M), e) each one clamping surface segment (4) via two connecting elements te (6, 7) is connected to two supporting surface segments (5) adjacent in the circumferential direction (U), and f) at least one clamping surface segment (4) and at least one supporting surface segment (5) connected to the clamping surface segment (4) via a connecting element (6, 7) ) are arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction (U) by an offset angle (β), whereby a direction of action of a radial support surface pressing force (FA) acting on the support surface segment (5) of the clamping sleeve (1) and a direction of action of a force acting on the clamping surface segment (4) of the clamping element (1) acting clamping surface pressing force (FS) by a pressing force angle (γ) and / or an effective direction of the radial support surface pressing force (FA) and an effective direction of a clamping force (FR) acting on the clamping surface segment (4) of the clamping element (1) ) are offset by a clamping force angle (δ) in the circumferential direction (U). Furthermore, the invention relates to a clamping device (100) for clamping a workpiece (101) or a tool s comprising at least one clamping body (104) and at least one such clamping element (1).

Description

The invention relates to a clamping element, such as a clamping sleeve or a collet, for a clamping device, such as a mandrel or a chuck, for clamping workpieces or tools, and a clamping device with such a clamping element.

Clamping devices or clamping tools or clamping systems for clamping workpieces or tools are known in various designs.

Various clamping systems are known from the EMUGE clamping technology catalog 135, top-class clamping tools with the printing date September 2005 of the EMUGE FRAN-KEN group of companies, which are presented in an overview on pages 10 to 17 and then on the following pages 18 to 190 in special solutions, especially for the automotive industry. The play between the clamping element and the workpiece or tool is eliminated during clamping and a radial, possibly also an axial clamping force is built up.

In the system referred to as SP, which is on page 12th of the catalog, a clamping element, in this case a clamping sleeve meandering in a longitudinal section, expands radially through the application of axial force to clamp the workpiece or tool. With the clamping system designated as SZ, according to page 12th of the catalog, a clamping element, in this case a slotted collet chuck, moved axially with respect to the base body by an axial application of force and expanded radially over conical surfaces that run against each other. A special membrane clamping system SM is on page 14th described.

Another clamping system called SG is on page 13th of the catalog and has a clamping element in the form of a slotted clamping sleeve which has a special buttress thread with which it is screwed onto a corresponding buttress thread on the base body. The wedge-shaped contact surfaces of the two buttress threads that lie on top of one another and are arranged at the specified flank angle can now be moved axially against each other by applying an axial force, and the clamping sleeve expands radially in the direction of force due to the flank angle due to the flank angle and thereby clamps the workpiece located outside. The axial force introduced is divided into an axial force component and an outwardly acting radial force component on the buttress thread surfaces which are inclined towards each other at the flank angle. The axial force component increases the transmittable torque and the rigidity of the tension.

In addition to these mechanical clamping systems SP, SZ, SG and SM is on page 13th The catalog also describes a hydraulic clamping system SH, with which long, thin-walled workpieces and several identical workpieces can be clamped. These are closed systems that are filled with hydraulic oil that is pressurized with a piston. The pressure that builds up radially expands the thin-walled expansion zone of an expansion sleeve and clamps the work piece (s).

the end WO 2019/170556 A1 is a clamping element for positioning and / or fixing a workpiece or tool, comprising a plurality of support webs, each having an inner and outer jacket surface, and a plurality of elastic intermediate members, whereby the clamping element is expanded or compressed by stretching or compressing the elastic intermediate members lets known.

the end EP 2 747 922 B1 a device for clamping a component on a rotating machine part, in particular a balancing machine, is known. The device comprises a base body, a mandrel arranged axially displaceably within the base body and several clamping devices which can be moved between a release position and a clamping position by axial displacement of the mandrel, the clamping devices above the base body being clamping segments that can be moved radially to its central axis and the clamping segments being flexible Connecting webs are connected to one another.

It is now the object of the invention to specify a new tensioning element for a tensioning device and a new tensioning device.

The first-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention with the features of claim 1. Advantageous configurations and variants emerge in particular from the dependent claims and furthermore from the following description, in particular the configurations and embodiments described herein.

The features and feature combinations described herein in accordance with the underlying invention are not restricted by the feature combination / s selected in the claims and the selected back-references. Each feature of one claim category can also be claimed in another claim category. Furthermore, each feature in the claims, also independently of the respective according to the claims back-reference, for example in any combination with one or more other feature (s) of the claims or the following description. Furthermore, each feature that is disclosed in the following description and / or the appended drawings and / or described or disclosed in connection with the drawings can by itself, independently or separately from the context in which it stands, alone or in any combination with one or more other features that are described or disclosed in the claims, the description and / or the drawings, in particular to the extent that the respective feature at least contributes to the solution of the underlying problem supplies. In particular, each of the configurations described below or each of the exemplary embodiments described and their features can be claimed separately and / or in any combination.

1. a) das Spannelement um wenigstens eine zentrale Achse orientiert ist (oder: wenigstens eine zentrale Achse umläuft oder umgibt),
2. b) das Spannelement wenigstens eine Spannfläche für das Werkstück oder Werkzeug (oder: wenigstens eine Spannfläche zum Zusammenwirken, insbesondere kraftschlüssigen Anliegen, mit wenigstens eine Gegenspannfläche an dem Werkstück oder Werkzeug) und wenigstens eine von der Spannfläche abgewandte Abstützfläche zum Abstützen an einer Abstützfläche eines Spannkörpers der Spannvorrichtung aufweist,
3. c) die Spannfläche des Spannelementes von zwei oder mehreren Spannflächensegmenten gebildet ist, die in Umfangsrichtung um die zentrale Achse voneinander beabstandet sind,
4. d) die Abstützfläche des Spannelementes von zwei oder mehreren Abstützflächensegmenten gebildet ist, die in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandet sind,
5. e) jeweils ein Spannflächensegment über zwei Verbindungselemente mit zwei in Umfangsrichtung benachbarten Abstützflächensegmenten verbunden ist (oder: jeweils ein Abstützflächensegment über zwei Verbindungselemente mit zwei in Umfangsrichtung benachbarten Spannflächensegmenten verbunden ist), und
6. f) wobei wenigstens ein Spannflächensegment und wenigstens ein mit dem Spannflächensegment über ein Verbindungselement verbundenes Abstützflächensegment in Umfangsrichtung um einen Versatzwinkel versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind, wodurch eine Wirkrichtung einer auf das Abstützflächensegment des Spannelementes wirkenden radialen Abstützflächen-Presskraft und eine Wirkrichtung einer auf das Spannflächensegment des Spannelementes wirkenden Spannflächen-Presskraft um einen Presskraftwinkel und/oder eine Wirkrichtung der Spannflächen-Presskraft und eine Wirkrichtung einer auf das Spannflächensegment des Spannelementes wirkenden Spannkraft um einen Spannkraftwinkel in Umfangsrichtung versetzt sind.

The clamping element, in particular clamping sleeve (or: clamping sleeve) or collet, according to claim 1 is provided for a clamping device for clamping (or: for clamping or clamping) a (rotating or non-rotating) workpiece or a tool, wherein

1. a) the clamping element is oriented around at least one central axis (or: at least one central axis revolves or surrounds),
2. b) the clamping element has at least one clamping surface for the workpiece or tool (or: at least one clamping surface for interaction, in particular frictional contact, with at least one counter-clamping surface on the workpiece or tool) and at least one support surface facing away from the clamping surface for supporting on a support surface of a clamping body the clamping device,
3. c) the clamping surface of the clamping element is formed by two or more clamping surface segments which are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction about the central axis,
4. d) the support surface of the clamping element is formed by two or more support surface segments which are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction,
5. e) one clamping surface segment is connected via two connecting elements to two support surface segments that are adjacent in the circumferential direction (or: one support surface segment is connected via two connecting elements to two clamping surface segments that are adjacent in the circumferential direction), and
6. f) wherein at least one clamping surface segment and at least one support surface segment connected to the clamping surface segment via a connecting element are arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction by an offset angle, whereby a direction of action of a radial support surface pressing force acting on the support surface segment of the clamping element and a direction of action of a force acting on the clamping surface segment of the clamping element acting clamping surface pressing force by a pressing force angle and / or an effective direction of the clamping surface pressing force and an effective direction of a clamping force acting on the clamping surface segment of the clamping element are offset by a clamping force angle in the circumferential direction.

The support surface is to be understood as that surface of the clamping element that is brought into contact with a support surface of the clamping body during a clamping process and / or that slide on each other, whereby the diameter of the clamping element and thus the diameter of its clamping surface in a direction radial to the central axis is changeable, that is, can be enlarged or reduced, or changes, that is to say enlarged or reduced. In the tensioned state, the support surface of the clamping body and the support surface of the clamping element lie against one another and a radially acting support surface pressing force is formed between the support surface of the clamping body and the support surface of the clamping element.

The clamping surface of the clamping element denotes that surface of the clamping element that is brought into contact with the workpiece or tool during the clamping process and rests against it in the clamped state, whereby a radially acting, possibly also one, is between the clamping surface of the clamping element and the workpiece or tool axially acting clamping force forms.

According to the invention, at least one clamping surface segment of the clamping element is connected to two support surface segments of the clamping element via connecting elements or one support surface segment is connected via two connecting elements to two clamping surface segments that are adjacent in the circumferential direction, the clamping surface segment being offset in the circumferential direction by an offset angle or wherein the support surface segment is offset in the circumferential direction by an offset angle in relation to the clamping surface segments. In addition, the clamping surface segment and the support surface segment are spaced apart from one another in the radial direction. the For this purpose, connecting elements have an extension component in the radial direction and / or in the circumferential direction. The radial support surface pressing force acting on adjacent support surface segments is transmitted to the clamping surface segment via the connecting elements connecting the support surface segments to the clamping surface segment, whereby a radial expansion or constriction of the clamping element takes place. The force transmission within the clamping element thus takes place at a pressing force angle and not only in the radial direction. The connecting elements are flexible in such a way that their extension can be changed in the radial and circumferential directions.

The support surface segments and clamping surface segments are at least partially offset from one another in the circumferential direction. In other words: the support surface segments and clamping surface segments are at least partially not aligned one behind the other in the radial direction. The offset angle is defined in the present case as the angle between a support surface plane which is perpendicular to the support surface segment and contains a central longitudinal axis of the support surface segment extending in an axial direction to the central axis, and a clamping surface plane which is perpendicular to the clamping surface segment and which extends in one direction contains central axis in the axial direction extending central longitudinal axis of the clamping surface segment.

The clamping element, that is to say the clamping surface segments, support surface segments and connecting elements, are in particular formed in one piece.

The clamping element preferably has a uniform offset of the clamping surface segments and support surface segments in the circumferential direction, that is to say constant offset angles.

The radial support surface pressing force and / or the clamping surface pressing force can be, for example, mechanically, for example by shifting a clamping body with respect to the clamping element and a resulting radial expansion or constriction of the clamping element, hydraulically or pneumatically, for example by means of a hydraulic or pneumatic device arranged inside the clamping element Hydraulic or pneumatic chambers filled with gaseous medium to which hydraulic or pneumatic pressure can be applied in order to increase or decrease, generate thermally, for example by heating or cooling the clamping body, or also generate electromagnetic chambers. Combinations of the above-mentioned possibilities for generating the radial support surface pressing force and / or the clamping surface pressing force are also conceivable. Hydraulic loading of the clamping body has the advantage that no so-called “stick-slip effects”, in which the clamping body and the clamping element slide jerkily on one another, do not occur. Particularly in combination with mechanical loading, hydraulic loading of the clamping body offers a finer manipulated variable for clamping the workpiece or tool.

It should be pointed out here that the term clamping element is understood here in a general sense and includes any clamping element that at least predominantly, preferably completely or closed surrounds or encloses the axis in any shape or with any wall of any shape and at least partially hollow on the inside is or is provided with a cavity and, viewed axially, at least on one side, preferably on both sides, is at least partially open to the outside. The term clamping element includes bodies with at least predominantly cylindrical and / or shouldered and / or tapered and / or threaded inner and / or outer surfaces and in particular also clamping sleeves or clamping sleeves and collets as well as sleeve-like clamping inserts. Any restrictive interpretations of the term clamping element in the technical jargon are therefore irrelevant.

According to an advantageous development, at least one of the two or more circumferentially spaced apart support surface segments of the clamping element extends in a direction axial to the central axis and / or in the circumferential direction and / or at least one of the two or more circumferentially spaced apart clamping surface segments of the clamping element each in a direction axial to the central axis and / or in the circumferential direction.

The connecting elements are designed in particular as webs that extend in a direction axial to the central axis, with one clamping surface segment being connected via two webs to two support surface segments that are adjacent in the circumferential direction (or: one support surface segment in each case via two connecting elements with two clamping surface segments that are adjacent in the circumferential direction connected is).

1. a) ein erster, äußerer oder innerer (oder: außenliegender oder innenliegender) Endabschnitt des Verbindungselementes ist mit einem Umfangs-Endabschnitt des Spannflächensegmentes und ein zweiter, äußerer oder innerer Endabschnitt des Verbindungselementes ist mit einem Umfangs-Endabschnitt des Abstützflächensegmentes verbunden,
2. b) ein erster, äußerer oder innerer Endabschnitt des Verbindungselementes ist mit einem Umfangs-Endabschnitt des Spannflächensegmentes und ein zweiter, äußerer oder innerer Endabschnitt des Verbindungselementes ist einem Zentralabschnitt des Abstützflächensegmentes verbunden,
3. c) ein erster, äußerer oder innerer Endabschnitt des Verbindungselementes ist mit einem Zentralabschnitt des Spannflächensegmentes und ein zweiter, äußerer oder innerer Endabschnitt des Verbindungselementes ist einem Umfangs-Endabschnitt des Abstützflächensegmentes verbunden,
4. d) ein erster, äußerer oder innerer Endabschnitt des Verbindungselements ist mit einem Zentralabschnitt des Spannflächensegmentes und ein zweiter, äußerer oder innerer Endabschnitt des Verbindungselementes ist einem Zentralabschnitt des Abstützflächensegmentes verbunden.

According to further preferred embodiments, the tensioning element has at least one or any combination of the following features:

1. a) a first, outer or inner (or: outer or inner) end section of the connecting element is connected to a circumferential end section of the clamping surface segment and a second, outer or inner end section of the connecting element is connected to a circumferential end section of the supporting surface segment,
2. b) a first, outer or inner end section of the connecting element is connected to a circumferential end section of the clamping surface segment and a second, outer or inner end section of the connecting element is connected to a central section of the supporting surface segment,
3. c) a first, outer or inner end section of the connecting element is connected to a central section of the clamping surface segment and a second, outer or inner end section of the connecting element is connected to a peripheral end section of the supporting surface segment,
4. d) a first, outer or inner end section of the connecting element is connected to a central section of the clamping surface segment and a second, outer or inner end section of the connecting element is connected to a central section of the supporting surface segment.

The term “outer or inner end section of the connecting element” is to be understood as meaning sections of the connecting element that adjoin the clamping surface segment or the support surface segment and are delimited from one another in a perpendicular to the axial direction by the “central section of the connecting element”. The term "circumferential end section of the clamping surface segment" or "circumferential end section of the supporting surface segment" is to be understood as meaning sections delimited from one another with regard to the circumferential direction by the "central section of the clamping surface segment" or the "central section of the supporting surface segment". The end sections and the central sections preferably extend at least partially in a direction that is axial to the central axis.

A radial support surface pressing force acting on the support surface or the support surface segment is thus transmitted via the connecting element from an end section or central section of the support surface segment to an end section or central section of the clamping surface segment and acts there as a clamping surface pressing force. The strength of the clamping surface pressing force can be varied through different connection points and the associated different angles of the connection elements with respect to the support surface segment and / or the clamping surface segment.

According to an advantageous development of the tensioning element, at least one of the connecting elements has a straight (or: linear) course or an at least partially curved (or: curved) course based on a cross section to the axial direction between the support surface segment and the clamping surface segment.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, axially spaced apart axial end sections (or: axial end sections or front and rear end sections) of a clamping surface segment and / or axially spaced apart axial end sections of a support surface segment and / or axially spaced apart axial end sections are End sections of a connecting element offset from one another by an angle of twist in the circumferential direction with respect to the central longitudinal axis. In other words: the clamping surface segments and / or supporting surface segments and / or connecting elements are twisted in the axial direction and the axial end sections of the clamping surface segment and / or the supporting surface segment and / or the connecting element are offset from one another in the circumferential direction. For example, such a twist angle can be provided that spaced apart axial sections of adjacent clamping surface segments and / or support surface segments lie completely one behind the other in the axial direction (“division of 1”) or overlap in half in the axial direction (“division of ½”). Such a twisted tensioning element improves the setting or tensionability of the workpiece or tool, in particular during the clamping process by means of a tensioning element having a buttress thread, which is screwed onto a tensioning body having a corresponding buttress thread. By applying an axial force, the clamping element and clamping body are then moved against each other in the axial direction and the axial force introduced is divided into an axial force component and an outwardly acting radial force component on the buttress thread surfaces inclined against each other at the flank angle, whereby the clamping element is widened or constricted in the radial direction, so that the workpiece is clamped.

1. a) die Verbindungselemente sind in einer zur zentralen Achse axialen Richtung parallel zueinander orientiert,
2. b) die Verbindungselemente sind in einer zur zentralen Achse axialen Richtung unter einem Winkel zueinander orientiert,
3. c) die Verbindungselemente sind in einer zur zentralen Achse axialen Richtung unter einem Winkel gegenüber dem Spannflächensegment

und/oder dem Abstützflächensegment orientiert.A further embodiment of the clamping element provides that at least two of the connecting elements connecting a clamping surface segment with two supporting surface segments adjacent in the circumferential direction are designed according to at least one or any combination of the following features:

1. a) the connecting elements are oriented parallel to one another in a direction axial to the central axis,
2. b) the connecting elements are oriented at an angle to one another in a direction axial to the central axis,
3. c) the connecting elements are in a direction axial to the central axis at an angle with respect to the clamping surface segment

and / or oriented to the support surface segment.

Connecting elements that are oriented parallel to one another, which in particular are also oriented at an angle with respect to the clamping surface segment and / or the support surface segment, are thus oriented in the same direction in the circumferential direction. Depending on the direction of orientation of the connecting elements or the direction of the torsional moment or the torsional forces acting on the workpiece or a tangential force, for example during machining, a free-wheeling effect or a blocking effect occurs, i.e. the connecting elements lie flat or face each other. This increases the resilience.

The clamping surface segment and the connecting element are in particular each pivotable about a pivot axis extending in a direction axial to the central axis by a pivot angle relative to one another (or: movable), the pivot angle being greater or smaller in a tensioned state of the tensioning element than in an untensioned state of the clamping element. The support surface segment and the connecting element are in particular each pivotable about a pivot axis extending in a direction axial to the central axis by a pivot angle to one another, the pivot angle in a tensioned state of the tensioning element being greater or smaller than in an untensioned condition of the tensioning element.

In other words: The connection area between the connecting element and the support surface segment and / or the connection area between the connecting element and the clamping surface segment forms an elastic deformation zone or a joint, which results in a radial expansion, i.e. an increase in the pivot angle in the tensioned state, or a radial constriction, i.e. a reduction in the pivot angle in the clamped state, the clamping element can be reached as soon as a radial support surface pressing force acts.

Advantageously, at least one of the clamping surface segments comprises a clamping surface body extending in the radial direction and / or in a direction axial to the central axis and / or in the circumferential direction, one surface of the clamping surface body forming the clamping surface (or: a partial clamping surface) and / or at least one of the support surface segments comprises a support surface body extending in the radial direction and / or in a direction axial to the central axis and / or in the circumferential direction, one surface of the support surface body forming the support surface (or: a partial support surface).

It is further preferred that at least two of the support surface segments and / or at least two of the clamping surface segments are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction, each forming a gap extending in a direction axial to the central axis. In the case of an internally clamped workpiece or tool, the gap has a larger dimension in the clamped state due to the radial expansion of the clamping sleeve than in the unclamped state; in the case of an externally clamped workpiece or tool, the gap has a larger dimension in the clamped state due to the radial constriction of the clamping sleeve each has a smaller dimension than in the untensioned state.

1. a) wenigstens ein an einer Stirnseite des Spannelements angeordneter Axial-Endabschnitt des Spannflächensegments weist einen in einer zur zentralen Achse axialen Richtung und in einer zur zentralen Achse senkrechten Richtung orientierten Spannflächenbereich auf,
2. b) wenigstens ein an einer Stirnseite des Spannelements angeordneter Axial-Endabschnitt des Abstützflächensegments weist einen in einer zur zentralen Achse axialen Richtung und in einer zur zentralen Achse senkrechten Richtung orientierten Abstützflächenbereich auf.

Further advantageous variants of the tensioning element also have at least one or any combination of the following features:

1. a) at least one axial end section of the clamping surface segment arranged on an end face of the clamping element has a clamping surface area oriented in a direction axial to the central axis and in a direction perpendicular to the central axis,
2. b) at least one axial end section of the support surface segment arranged on an end face of the tensioning element has a support surface region oriented in a direction axial to the central axis and in a direction perpendicular to the central axis.

In other words: on a first or second end section - relative to a direction axial to the central axis - of the clamping element, the clamping surface segments or support surface segments are beveled starting from the first or second end face in the form of a bevel.

During the tensioning process, the tensioning element and the tensioning body are moved relative to one another, it being advantageous if this movement can take place with as little friction as possible. According to an advantageous embodiment, one clamping surface segment, two connecting elements connecting the clamping surface segment with two support surface segments that are adjacent in the circumferential direction, and the two support surface segments that are adjacent in the circumferential direction form one Receiving space (or: a reservoir) between them, which contains a lubricant (or: lubricant) or in which a lubricant can be introduced. The clamping element thus has an integrated lubrication for the clamping movement between the clamping body and the clamping element, whereby the lubricants used, for example lubricating greases, are those that are resistant to the oils or emulsions of the clamping device users acting “from the outside”. With the radial expansion or constriction of the clamping element during the clamping process, a kind of "pumping movement" occurs, whereby the lubricant is conveyed from the receiving space into the space or gap between the clamping body and the clamping element.

In principle, the clamping surface segments or the clamping surface, which rest against the workpiece or tool in the clamped state, are used to clamp the workpiece or tool. For clamping workpieces or tools with teeth, at least one of the connecting elements preferably at least partially forms a clamping surface for the workpiece or the tool, which faces the workpiece or tool. In other words: at least part of the flank surface of a connecting element facing the workpiece or tool serves as an additional clamping surface to the clamping surface of the clamping surface segments. As a result, a workpiece or tool with toothing, internal toothing or external toothing, in particular, can be additionally clamped in order to increase the clamping force.

The clamping surface of two connecting elements connecting a clamping surface segment with two circumferentially adjacent support surface segments and the clamping surface of the clamping surface segment preferably form a common clamping surface oriented along an axially extending cylinder with a radius, or the clamping surface of two connecting elements connecting a clamping surface segment with two circumferential adjacent support surface segments and the clamping surface of the clamping surface segment form the shape of an involute toothing.

In other words: the clamping surface of the connecting element is oriented in particular - in relation to a direction perpendicular to an axial direction - along a circle and / or along an involute. With such a shape, the change in the geometry of the clamping sleeve during the radial expansion or constriction can be taken into account in order to ensure contact of the clamping surface of the connecting element with an inner surface of the internal toothing or an external surface of the external toothing of the workpiece and thus clamping of the internal toothing. The number of clamping surface segments or the spacing can be adapted depending on the number of teeth of the workpiece or tool to be clamped and varied as required.

According to an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the sections of the clamping element bounded by the clamping surface of the connecting element and the clamping surface of the clamping surface segment is designed as a hollow profile or solid body.

The clamping surface of the clamping element can basically assume different geometric shapes. In particular, in relation to a cross-section to the axial direction, the clamping surface has the shape of a circle or a polygon, e.g. with right-angled or rounded corners, or a polygon, e.g. a triangle or square Direction extending cylinder or prism formed with rounded corners).

According to an advantageous embodiment, the support surface of the tensioning element runs along a helical line or as or like a thread section with a predetermined pitch around the central axis and is at the same time inclined at an angle of inclination to an imaginary cylinder surface that is axial to the central axis or to an imaginary cylinder surface that runs around the central axis. In other definitions, alternative definitions to the definition “inclined to a direction axial to the central axis”, the support surfaces can also be inclined radially inwards or outwards to an imaginary or geometric cylinder surface running around the central axis as a cylinder axis or in each section along a central axis including Section plane (longitudinal section) be inclined to a direction parallel to the central axis.

In known clamping elements, a slot is provided to enable radial expansion, which, starting from an end face of the clamping element, extends in the axial direction over part of the length of the clamping element and acts like a joint during the radial expansion or constriction. As a result, however, the pitch and / or inclination of the thread change during the radial expansion or constriction. In the case of the clamping element according to the invention, due to the connection of the support surface segments with the clamping surface segments via the connecting elements, the threaded section can be dimensioned independently of the number of support surface segments and clamping surface segments and independently of the spacing, since a uniform radial expansion or constriction takes place.

The tensioning element is preferably manufactured entirely or at least in part using additive manufacturing processes, primarily from a metal material such as a metal or a metal alloy, or from plastic, synthetic resin, ceramic or also carbon or graphite materials.

In particular, one of the manufacturing processes or a combination of the manufacturing processes from the article can be used C. Körner - Additive manufacturing of metallic components by selective electron beam melting - a review, International Materials Reviews, 61: 5, 2016, pages 361-377 , or from the article Lawrence E. Murr Fabrication of Metal and Alloy Components by Additive Manufacturing: Examples of 3D Materials Science, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Elsevier, 2012, pages 42-54 are known, or also known 3-D printing processes, in particular a selective laser sintering process or a selective laser melting process or a process for laser deposition welding.

The support surface segments and / or clamping surface segments and / or connecting elements of the clamping element are expediently produced, in particular by a 3D printing process, preferably in such a way that the supporting surface segments and / or clamping surface segments and / or connecting elements of the clamping element are formed integrally and / or, in particular materially, in one piece are. This ensures a high strength of the clamping element and thin-walled support surface segments and / or clamping surface segments and / or connecting elements can also be produced.

The second-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention with the features of claim 16. Advantageous configurations and variants emerge in particular from the following description, in particular the configurations and embodiments described herein.

• a) wenigstens einen Spannkörper,
• a) wenigstens ein um eine zentrale Achse orientiertes (oder: eine zentrale Achse umlaufendes oder umgebendes) Spannelement mit wenigstens einer Spannfläche für das Werkstück oder Werkzeug und wenigstens eine von der Spannfläche abgewandte Abstützfläche zum Abstützen an einer Abstützfläche des Spannkörpers der Spannvorrichtung,
• c) wobei die Spannfläche des Spannelementes von zwei oder mehreren Spannflächensegmenten gebildet ist, die in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandet sind,
• d) wobei die Abstützfläche des Spannelementes von zwei oder mehreren Abstützflächensegmenten gebildet ist, die in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandet sind,
• e) wobei jeweils ein Spannflächensegment über zwei Verbindungselemente mit zwei in Umfangsrichtung benachbarten Abstützflächensegmenten verbunden ist (oder: jeweils ein Abstützflächensegment über zwei Verbindungselemente mit zwei in Umfangsrichtung benachbarten Spannflächensegmenten verbunden ist), und
• f) wobei wenigstens ein Spannflächensegment und wenigstens ein mit dem Spannflächensegment über ein Verbindungselement verbundenes Abstützflächensegment in Umfangsrichtung um einen Versatzwinkel versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind, wodurch eine Wirkrichtung einer zwischen der Abstützfläche des Spannkörpers einerseits und dem Abstützflächensegments des Spannelementes andererseits wirkenden radialen Abstützflächen-Presskraft und eine Wirkrichtung einer zwischen dem Spannflächensegment des Spannelementes einerseits und dem Werkzeug oder Werkstück andererseits wirkenden Spannflächen-Presskraft um einen Presskraftwinkel in Umfangsrichtung und/oder eine Wirkrichtung Spannflächen-Presskraft und eine Wirkrichtung einer zwischen dem Werkzeug oder Werkstück einerseits und dem Spannflächensegment des Spannelementes andererseits wirkenden, resultierenden Spannkraft um einen Spannkraftwinkel in Umfangsrichtung versetzt sind.

The clamping device for clamping (or: for clamping or clamping) a (rotating or non-rotating) workpiece or a tool comprises

• a) at least one clamping body,
• a) at least one clamping element oriented around a central axis (or: a central axis revolving or surrounding) with at least one clamping surface for the workpiece or tool and at least one support surface facing away from the clamping surface for support on a support surface of the clamping body of the clamping device,
• c) wherein the clamping surface of the clamping element is formed by two or more clamping surface segments which are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction,
• d) wherein the support surface of the clamping element is formed by two or more support surface segments which are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction,
• e) where in each case one clamping surface segment is connected via two connecting elements to two adjacent support surface segments in the circumferential direction (or: one support surface segment is connected via two connecting elements to two adjacent clamping surface segments in the circumferential direction), and
• f) wherein at least one clamping surface segment and at least one support surface segment connected to the clamping surface segment via a connecting element are arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction by an offset angle, whereby an effective direction of a radial support surface pressing force acting between the support surface of the clamping body on the one hand and the support surface segment of the clamping element on the other hand, and a Effective direction of a clamping surface pressing force acting between the clamping surface segment of the clamping element on the one hand and the tool or workpiece on the other hand by a pressing force angle in the circumferential direction and / or an effective direction of the clamping surface pressing force and an effective direction of a resultant acting between the tool or workpiece on the one hand and the clamping surface segment of the clamping element on the other hand Clamping force are offset by a clamping force angle in the circumferential direction.

With regard to advantageous configurations and variants of the tensioning element of the tensioning device, reference is made to the above statements.

The support surface of the clamping body is to be understood as that surface of the clamping body which, during a clamping process, is brought into contact with support surfaces or support surface segments of the clamping element and / or slide on one another, whereby the diameter of the clamping element can be changed in a direction radial to the central axis, that is, can be enlarged or reduced, or changes, that is to say enlarged or reduced. In the tensioned state, the support surfaces of the clamping body and the support surfaces or support surface segments of the clamping element lie against one another and a radially acting support surface pressing force is formed between the support surface of the clamping body and the support surface or the support surface segments of the clamping element.

The clamping surface or the clamping surface segment of the clamping element denotes that surface (s) of the clamping element on which the clamping surface pressing force acts via the connecting elements and which are brought into contact with the workpiece or tool during the clamping process and rest against it in the clamped state . Between the clamping surface or the clamping surface segment of the clamping element and the workpiece or tool, a clamping force that counteracts the clamping surface pressing force is formed.

According to the invention, the force is transmitted from the clamping body to the clamping element and to the workpiece or the tool via a pressing force angle and not just in the radial direction. In other words: the force of a radial support surface pressing force acting on the two adjacent support surface segments is transmitted to the clamping surface segment via the connecting elements connecting the support surface segments to the clamping surface segment and thus via a clamping surface pressing force acting both in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction, whereby a radial Expansion or constriction of the clamping element takes place.

With the clamping device, both a workpiece or a tool can be clamped in that it is acted upon radially from the inside by means of the clamping element with a radially outwardly acting support surface pressing force and an outwardly acting clamping surface pressing force. It is also possible to generate a reverse, radially inwardly acting support surface pressing force and a reverse, inwardly acting clamping surface pressing force, that is, by means of a clamping element surrounding the workpiece or tool from the outside.

The clamping body is, for example, cylindrical, which, in cooperation with a hollow cylindrical clamping element, has the advantage over a conical design of the clamping body and / or the clamping element that the usable dimensions of the inside or outside diameter of the clamping element are not predetermined by the conical shape of the clamping body , but that the inside or outside diameter can be flexibly adapted to the clamping task. Alternatively, it is possible for the clamping body and / or the clamping element to be conical or conical.

The tensioning device can comprise at least one displacement element in order to bring the mutually facing support surfaces of the tensioning body and tensioning element into contact with one another and / or sliding on one another by an axial displacement movement along an axial displacement path, whereby the diameter of the tensioning surface of the tensioning element in one can be changed or changed in the radial direction to the central axis (or: can be enlarged or reduced or enlarged or reduced) or whereby a clamping force can be generated between the clamping element on the one hand and the workpiece or tool on the other hand when the clamping surface or clamping surface segment is already in contact with the workpiece or tool or is generated. The clamping force is an opposing clamping force resulting as a reaction to the radial support surface pressing force and the clamping surface pressing force, which acts from the workpiece or tool in the direction of the clamping element and creates a non-positive connection of the workpiece or tool. The radial support surface pressing force and / or the clamping surface pressing force can also alternatively or in any combination be generated hydraulically or pneumatically, thermally or also electromagnetically.

• 1 ein Spannelement in einer ersten Ausführungsform in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
• 2 eine Frontansicht des Spannelementes gemäß 1,
• 3 ein Spannelement in einer zweiten Ausführungsform in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
• 4 eine Frontansicht des Spannelementes gemäß 3,
• 5 eine Detailansicht des Spannelementes gemäß 4,
• 6 ein Spannelement in einer dritten Ausführungsform in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
• 7 eine Frontansicht des Spannelementes gemäß 6,
• 8 eine Detailansicht des Spannelementes gemäß 7,
• 9 ein Spannelement in einer vierten Ausführungsform in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
• 10 eine Frontansicht des Spannelementes gemäß 9,
• 11 ein Spannelement in einer fünften Ausführungsform in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
• 12 eine Frontansicht des Spannelementes gemäß 11,
• 13 ein Spannelement in einer sechsten Ausführungsform in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
• 14 eine Frontansicht des Spannelementes gemäß 13,
• 15 ein Spannelement in einer siebten Ausführungsform in einem Querschnitt,
• 16 ein Spannelement in einer achten Ausführungsform in einem Querschnitt,
• 17 ein Spannelement in einer neunten Ausführungsform in einem Querschnitt,
• 18 ein Spannelement in einer zehnten Ausführungsform in einem Querschnitt,
• 19 ein Spannelement in einer elften Ausführungsform in einem Querschnitt,
• 20 ein Spannelement in einer zwölften Ausführungsform in einem Querschnitt,
• 21 ein Spannelement in einer dreizehnten Ausführungsform in einem Querschnitt,
• 22 ein Spannelement in einer vierzehnten Ausführungsform in einem Querschnitt,
• 23 ein Spannelement zum Spannen eines Werkstückes mit Außenverzahnung in einem Querschnitt,
• 24 ein Spannelement zum Spannen eines Werkstückes mit Innenverzahnung in einer ersten Ausführungsform in einem Querschnitt,
• 25 ein Spannelement zum Spannen eines Werkstückes mit Innenverzahnung in einer zweiten Ausführungsform in einem Querschnitt,
• 26 ein Spannelement zum Spannen eines Werkstückes mit Innenverzahnung in einer dritten Ausführungsform in einem Querschnitt,
• 27 ein Spannelement zum Spannen eines Werkstückes mit Innenverzahnung in einer vierten Ausführungsform in einem Querschnitt,
• 28 ein in axialer Richtung gedralltes Spannelement zum Spannen eines Werkstückes oder Werkzeuges in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
• 29 eine Frontansicht des Spannelementes gemäß 28,
• 30 eine Draufsicht auf das Spannelement gemäß 28,
• 31 ein Ausschnitt einer Spannvorrichtung in einem ungespannten Zustand in einem Längsschnitt,
• 32 ein Ausschnitt der Spannvorrichtung gemäß 31in einem Querschnitt,
• 33 ein Ausschnitt der Spannvorrichtung in einem gespannten Zustand in einem Längsschnitt,
• 34 ein Ausschnitt der Spannvorrichtung gemäß 33 in einem Querschnitt,
• 35 schematisch das Prinzip der radialen Aufweitung in einer vergrößerten Darstellung,
• 36 schematisch das Prinzip der mechanischen Spannung in einem ungespannten Zustand in einer vergrößerten Darstellung,
• 37 schematische Darstellung eines teilweise gespannten Zustandes in einer vergrößerten Darstellung,
• 38 schematische Darstellung eines gespannten Zustandes in einer vergrößerten Darstellung,
• 39 eine Spannvorrichtung in einem Längsschnitt,
• 40 schematisch das Prinzip der mechanischen Spannung in einer Schnittdarstellung.

The invention is explained further below with the aid of exemplary embodiments. Reference is also made to the drawings, in which the following are shown schematically:

• 1 a clamping element in a first embodiment in a perspective view,
• 2 a front view of the clamping element according to 1 ,
• 3 a clamping element in a second embodiment in a perspective view,
• 4th a front view of the clamping element according to 3 ,
• 5 a detailed view of the clamping element according to 4th ,
• 6th a clamping element in a third embodiment in a perspective view,
• 7th a front view of the clamping element according to 6th ,
• 8th a detailed view of the clamping element according to 7th ,
• 9 a clamping element in a fourth embodiment in a perspective view,
• 10 a front view of the clamping element according to 9 ,
• 11 a clamping element in a fifth embodiment in a perspective view,
• 12th a front view of the clamping element according to 11 ,
• 13th a clamping element in a sixth embodiment in a perspective view,
• 14th a front view of the clamping element according to 13th ,
• 15th a tensioning element in a seventh embodiment in a cross section,
• 16 a clamping element in an eighth embodiment in a cross section,
• 17th a tensioning element in a ninth embodiment in a cross section,
• 18th a tensioning element in a tenth embodiment in a cross section,
• 19th a tensioning element in an eleventh embodiment in a cross section,
• 20th a tensioning element in a twelfth embodiment in a cross section,
• 21 a tensioning element in a thirteenth embodiment in a cross section,
• 22nd a tensioning element in a fourteenth embodiment in a cross section,
• 23 a clamping element for clamping a workpiece with external teeth in a cross-section,
• 24 a clamping element for clamping a workpiece with internal teeth in a first embodiment in a cross section,
• 25th a clamping element for clamping a workpiece with internal teeth in a second embodiment in a cross section,
• 26th a clamping element for clamping a workpiece with internal teeth in a third embodiment in a cross section,
• 27 a clamping element for clamping a workpiece with internal teeth in a fourth embodiment in a cross section,
• 28 a clamping element twisted in the axial direction for clamping a workpiece or tool in a perspective view,
• 29 a front view of the clamping element according to 28 ,
• 30th a plan view of the clamping element according to 28 ,
• 31 a section of a clamping device in an untensioned state in a longitudinal section,
• 32 a section of the jig according to 31in a cross section,
• 33 a section of the clamping device in a clamped state in a longitudinal section,
• 34 a section of the jig according to 33 in a cross section,
• 35 schematically the principle of radial expansion in an enlarged view,
• 36 schematically the principle of mechanical tension in an untensioned state in an enlarged view,
• 37 schematic representation of a partially tensioned state in an enlarged representation,
• 38 schematic representation of a tensioned state in an enlarged representation,
• 39 a clamping device in a longitudinal section,
• 40 schematically the principle of mechanical tension in a sectional view.

Corresponding parts and sizes are in the 1 until 37 provided with the same reference numerals.

In 1 and 2 is a tensioning element 1 for clamping a hollow cylindrical workpiece or tool according to a first embodiment for a clamping device 100 shown in 39 is shown. The clamping element 1 , in the present case a clamping sleeve or clamping sleeve, is essentially hollow-cylindrical and runs around a central axis M. moving in an axial direction Z of the clamping element 1 extends. The clamping element 1 has a clamping surface 3 and a support surface 2 on, with the clamping surface 3 of several clamping surface segments 4th and the support surface 2 of several support surface segments 5 is formed. The clamping surface segments 4th and the support surface segments 5 are in the circumferential direction U by an offset angle β offset against each other. The support surface segments 5 and the clamping surface segments 4th each extend along a circular arc with a radius R ₁ and radius R ₂ , i.e. in the circumferential direction U , as well as in one to the central axis M. axial direction Z . One clamping surface segment each 4th is via two fasteners 6th , 7th with two in the circumferential direction U adjacent support surface segments 5 tied together. The fasteners 6th , 7th extend in one and one component in the radial direction R. as well as a component in the circumferential direction U facing direction. In addition, the fasteners are 6th , 7th in the present case designed as webs which are in a central axis M. axial direction Z extend.

A first - based on the radial direction R. - outer end portion of the connecting element 6th is with a peripheral end portion of the clamping surface segment 4th and a second End section - related to the radial direction R. inside - the connecting element 6th is with a peripheral end portion of the support surface segment 5 tied together. A first end portion of the connecting element 7th - based on the radial direction R. external - is with an end section - based on the circumferential direction U - the clamping surface segment 4th and a second end section - based on the radial direction R. inside - the connecting element 7th is with an end section - based on the circumferential direction U - the adjacent support surface segment 5 tied together. In the circumferential direction U are the support surface segments 5 and the clamping surface segments 4th while training itself in a central axis M. axial direction Z extending columns 8th , 9 spaced from each other. The clamping sleeve 1 thus has a meandering structure in cross section.

The clamping element 1 is intended for clamping a workpiece or tool from the inside.

During the clamping process, a clamping body acts when the support surfaces lie against one another 104 and the tensioning element 1 a radial pressing force F _R from the clamping body to the support surface segments 5 of the clamping element 1 . About the fasteners 6th , 7th becomes this radial support surface pressing force F _R of two adjacent support surface segments 5 via fasteners 6th , 7th each on a clamping surface segment 4th transferred so that a clamping surface pressing force is applied to it F _S works. A direction of action of the radial support surface pressing force Q _A and an effective direction of the clamping surface pressing force F _S is around a pressing force angle _Y in the circumferential direction U offset.

The clamping surface segments also include 4th each one in the radial direction R. , in the circumferential direction U and in one to the central axis M. axial direction Z extending clamping sheet 10 whose surface (or: outside) is at least partially the clamping surface 3 or part of the clamping surface 3 trains. The support surface segments 5 also each include one in the radial direction R. and in one to the central axis M. axial direction Z extending support sheet 11 , whose surface (or: inside) at least partially the support surface 2 or part of the support surface 2 trains.

The face of the clamping element 1 facing axial end sections of the clamping surface segments 4th and the face of the clamping sleeve 1 facing axial end sections of the support surface segments 5 point one in a to the central axis M. axial direction Z and in one to the central axis M. perpendicular radial direction R. oriented clamping surface area 12th or support surface area 13th to the insertion of a clamping body into the clamping element 1 and inserting the tensioning element 1 in a workpiece or a tool to facilitate.

In 3 until 5 is a tensioning element 1 , in the present case a clamping sleeve or clamping sleeve for clamping a hollow cylindrical workpiece according to a second embodiment. The clamping element 1 according to the second embodiment has essentially the same configuration as the tensioning element described above 1 , so that reference is made to the explanations made in this regard and, below, only to the differences between the two embodiments, which mainly consist in the type of arrangement of the support surface segment with the connecting element.

Analogous to the clamping element 1 according to the first embodiment are a first - based on the radial direction R. - outer end portion of the connecting element 6th is with a peripheral end portion of the clamping surface segment 4th and a first - based on the radial direction R. - outer end portion of the connecting element 7th with a peripheral end portion of the clamping surface segment 4th tied together. A second - related to the radial direction R. - inner end portion of the connecting element 6th is with a - based on the circumferential direction U - Central section of the support surface segment 5 , a second - related to the radial direction R. - inner end portion of the connecting element 7th is with a central section - based on the circumferential direction U - the adjacent support surface segment 5 tied together. The support surface segments 5 are also widened in the circumferential direction compared to the first embodiment, the gap 9 thus has a smaller dimension. Due to the enlarged support area 2 a lower surface pressure or force per unit area acts on a clamping body, which during the clamping process in the clamping element 1 is introduced, whereby the wear of the clamping body and the clamping element 1 is reduced.

The clamping surface segment 4th , two the clamping surface segment 4th with two in the circumferential direction U adjacent support surface segments 5 connecting fasteners 6th , 7th and the two in the circumferential direction U adjacent support surface segments 5 also close a recording room 14th between them, which over the gap 9 between the support surface segments 5 is accessible. In the recording room 14th a lubricant can be introduced in order to lubricate the clamping element 1 to allow against the clamping body during the clamping process.

The clamping element 1 is in turn intended for clamping a workpiece or tool from the inside.

In 6th until 8th is a tensioning element 1 , in the present case a clamping sleeve or clamping sleeve for clamping a hollow cylindrical tool according to a third embodiment. Here, too, reference is made to the previous statements on the tensioning element 1 according to the first embodiment is referred to.

With the clamping element 1 according to the third embodiment are a first - based on the radial direction R. - outer end portion of the connecting element 6th with a central section - based on the circumferential direction U - the clamping surface segment 4th and a second end section - based on the radial direction R. inside - the connecting element 6th with one - based on the circumferential direction U - Central section of the support surface segment 5 tied together. A first end portion of the connecting element 7th - based on the radial direction R. external is with a central section - based on the circumferential direction U - the clamping surface segment 4th and a second end section - based on the radial direction R. inside - the connecting element 7th is with a central section - based on the circumferential direction U - the adjacent support surface segment 5 tied together. This allows the clamping surface 3 overall, especially in the circumferential direction U widen, as in 6th to see and due to the larger contact area between the clamping surface 3 of the clamping element 1 and the workpiece or tool to be clamped is the wear of the clamping element 1 and the workpiece or tool.

The clamping element 1 is again provided for clamping a workpiece or tool from the inside and has a receiving space or a reservoir 14th for a lubricant.

In the 9 and 10 is a tensioning element 1 shown for clamping a cylindrical workpiece or tool according to a fourth embodiment, which is used for clamping a workpiece from the outside. The support surface 2 or the support surface segments 5 are thus on an outside of the clamping element 1 formed, the clamping surface 3 or the clamping surface segments 4th on an inside of the clamping element 1 . One on the support surface during the clamping process 2 or the support surface segments 5 acting support surface pressing force Q _A acts radially inwards. Even those about the fasteners 6th , 7th on the clamping surface 3 or the clamping surface segments 4th Acting clamping surface pressing force Fs is directed inwards. For the rest, reference is made to the statements made above.

In the 11 and 12th as well as in the 13th and 14th are clamping elements designed as collets 1 for clamping a workpiece or tool according to a fifth or sixth embodiment. The term collet generally means, for example, clamping elements according to DIN ISO 15488. The collets have a smaller dimension in an axis to the central axis M. axial direction Z than the adapter sleeves described above. The clamping element 1 according to 11 and 12th is the clamping element for clamping a workpiece, in particular a hollow cylindrical workpiece, from the inside 1 according to 13th and 14th designed for clamping a workpiece, in particular a cylindrical workpiece, from the outside. The support surfaces 2 are in the present case wedge-shaped in longitudinal section, one dimension of the support surface body 11 in radial direction R. thus takes from one end face of the clamping element 1 to the other face of the clamping element 1 towards. For the rest, reference is made to the statements made above.

In the embodiments described above, the connecting elements 6th , 7th oriented at an angle to one another and in opposite directions, ie in the case of one in the circumferential direction U generated or occurring force is provided by one of the connecting elements 6th , 7th up, the other lies flat. Furthermore, the connecting elements 6th , 7th at an angle µ compared to the clamping surface segments 4th and the support surface segments 5 oriented.

In 15th until 22nd are further embodiments of a clamping element 1 shown in a cross section.

15th and 16 show clamping elements 1 in each of which the two have a clamping surface segment 4th with two in the circumferential direction U adjacent support surface segments 5 connecting fasteners 6th , 7th are oriented parallel to each other. The clamping element 1 according to a seventh embodiment in 15th has a pitch of 20, the clamping element 1 according to an eighth embodiment in 16 has a division of 30.

In the embodiments described above, the connecting elements 6th , 7th each have a straight course. The clamping element 1 in a ninth embodiment according to 17th now includes fasteners 6th , 7th that between the between the support surface segment 5 and the clamping surface segment 4th have a curved course.

18th and 19th shows further clamping elements 1 according to a tenth and eleventh embodiment, in which the connecting elements 6th , 7th at an angle to one another, in the present case - starting from the support surface segments 5 with the formation of an acute angle in the radial direction R. outwards - and forming an angle µ compared to the support surface segments 5 are oriented, in the present case each at an angle of 4.5 ° or 18 ° with respect to the support surface segment 5 . By aligning the connecting elements with a trapezoidal cross-section 6th , 7th the clamping force can be increased during the clamping process and subsequent machining, since the connecting elements 6th , 7th straighten up and thus oppose the acting force.

The in 20th shown clamping element 1 (twelfth embodiment) are the connecting elements 6th , 7th parallel to each other and each at an angle to the support surface segments 5 and the clamping surface segments 4th oriented. If during the clamping process or in particular during the machining of one with the clamping element 1 clamped workpiece a force in the circumferential direction U is generated or occurs, both connecting elements arise 6th , 7th open and tighten, in the present case with a counterclockwise force or rotation acting in the direction of inclination, or lie flat and do not tighten, in the present case with a force or rotation in the clockwise direction and thus counter to the direction of inclination.

21 shows a clamping element for clamping a workpiece from the inside according to a thirteenth embodiment, in which the clamping surface 3 in cross section has the shape of a polygon, in the present case a triangle with rounded corners. With such a tensioning element 1 workpieces can be clamped that have an inner surface deviating from a hollow cylindrical shape.

22nd shows a clamping element for clamping a workpiece from the outside according to a fourteenth embodiment in which the clamping surface 3 in cross section has the shape of a polygon, in the present case a square. With such a tensioning element 1 workpieces can be clamped that have an outer surface in the form of a square.

23 until 27 show clamping elements 1 according to a fifteenth to nineteenth embodiment for clamping a workpiece with external toothing ( 23 ) or internal gearing ( 24 until 27 ). Here, the outsides of the connecting elements form in an advantageous manner 6th , 7th at least partially another clamping surface 15th facing the workpiece. During the clamping process, the clamping sleeve deforms in such a way that the clamping surface 15th engages in the internal toothing of the workpiece and, in the clamped state, additional bracing not only in the opposite direction or in the radial direction R. , but also in the circumferential direction U is produced. Due to the spaced apart support surface segments 5 that a crack 9 form between them, allows a geometry of the clamping surface 15th , for example an orientation along a circle with a radius R ₃ or also along an involute, an expansion of the clamping element 1 or the connecting elements 6th , 7th not just in the radial direction R. , but also in the circumferential direction U so that the clamping surface 15th and internal teeth of the workpiece can be brought into contact with one another.

23 shows a tensioning element 1 for clamping a workpiece 101 with external toothing from the outside. The clamping surface 15th two a clamping surface segment 4th with two in the circumferential direction U adjacent support surface segments 5 connecting fasteners 6th , 7th and the clamping surface 3 of the clamping surface segment 4th form a common, along one in the axial direction Z extending cylinder with radius R ₃ oriented clamping surface, each in the toothing of the workpiece 101 intervenes. One from the clamping surface 15th the fasteners 6th , 7th and the clamping surface 3 of the clamping surface segment 4th delimited section of the clamping element 1 is in the present case designed as a solid body, which increases the stability of the clamping element 1 is increased.

The ones in the 24 and 25th clamping elements shown 1 serve to clamp a workpiece 101 with internal toothing from the inside. Here, too, form the clamping surface 15th two a clamping surface segment 4th with two in the circumferential direction U adjacent support surface segments 5 connecting fasteners 6th , 7th and the clamping surface 3 of the clamping surface segment 4th a common, along one in the axial direction Z extending cylinder with radius R ₃ oriented clamping surface, each in the toothing of the workpiece 101 intervenes. According to 25th is one of the clamping surface 15th the fasteners 6th , 7th and the clamping surface 3 of the clamping surface segment 4th delimited section of the clamping element 1 only partially filled or designed as a hollow profile, according to 24 the delimited section is designed as a solid body. This is the tensioning element 1 according to 25th compared to the clamping element 1 according to 24 softer or counteracts deformation during the clamping process less strongly.

26th and 27 show clamping elements 1 for clamping a workpiece 101 with internal teeth from the inside, with the clamping surfaces 15th the fasteners 6th , 7th which in the Toothing of the workpiece 101 engages have the shape of an involute. The one from the clamping surfaces 15th adjacent fasteners 6th , 7th and the clamping surface 3 The section delimited by the clamping surface segment can in turn be designed as a solid body ( 26th ) or only partially filled ( 27 ).

28 until 30th show as a further twentieth embodiment a tensioning element 1 , which in the axial direction Z is twisted. The axial end sections of the clamping surface segments that are spaced apart from one another in the axial direction 4th , in the axial direction Z spaced apart axial end sections of the support surface segment 5 and in the axial direction Z spaced apart axial end portions of the connecting element 6th , 7th are with respect to the central longitudinal axis M. in the circumferential direction U by a helix angle σ are offset from one another.

the 31 until 34 show schematically a clamping device 100 with a clamping element designed as a collet 1 according to 11 and 12th in an untensioned state ( 31 and 32 ) as well as in a tensioned state ( 33 and 34 ) for clamping (or: frictional holding) a workpiece 101 , present for clamping a workpiece 101 from within. The jig 100 further comprises a cone-shaped clamping body 104 with one on an outer surface or jacket surface or outer wall of the clamping body 104 trained support surface 106 .

The clamping surface 3 for frictional connection or clamping on a counter-clamping surface 103 of the workpiece 101 is of several clamping surface segments 4th on an outer surface or jacket surface or outer wall of the clamping element 1 educated. In the untensioned state ( 31 , 32 ) are the clamping surface 3 or the clamping surface segments 4th from the counter-clamping surface 103 spaced.

By means of a displacement element (not shown), the tensioning element 1 by means of an insertion force F _ES which are in the Z direction or axially to the central axis M. acts, moved axially and thereby at the same time deformed or tensioned radially outwards. The support surfaces slide during this axial movement 2 of the clamping element 1 on the support surface 106 of the clamping body 104 resulting in an expansion of the clamping element 1 leads to their clamping surface 3 or the clamping surface segments 4th on the counter-clamping surface 103 of the workpiece 101 and then via a radial support surface pressing force Q _A between the support surface 106 and the support surface segments 5 one on the clamping surface segments 4th effective clamping surface pressing force F _S is produced. This in turn results in the tensioned state ( 33 , 34 ) a resilience F _R that is between the counter-clamping surface 103 and the two or more clamping surface segments 4th builds up.

To the radial expansion of the clamping element 1 To enable during the clamping process when clamping a workpiece, the clamping surface segment 4th and the connecting element 6th or the clamping surface segment 4th and the connecting element 7th each around one in a to the central axis M. axial direction Z extending pivot axis S. pivotable to each other by a pivot angle, as in 32 shown. The pivot angle ε _II is in a tensioned state II (solid line) of the tensioning element 1 greater than the pivot angle ε _I in an untensioned state I (dashed line) of the clamping element 1 .

Also the support surface segment 5 and the connecting element 6th or the support surface segment 5 and the connecting element 7th are each around one in a to the central axis M. axial direction Z extending pivot axis S. pivotable to one another by a pivot angle, the pivot angle η _{II in the} present case in a tensioned state II of the tensioning element 1 is greater than the pivot angle η _I in an untensioned state I of the clamping element 1 .

When clamping a workpiece from the outside (not shown), the pivot angle is between the clamping surface segment 4th and the connecting element 6th or the clamping surface segment 4th and the connecting element 7th in a tensioned state of the tensioning element 1 smaller than the pivot angle in an untensioned state of the clamping element 1 . The swivel angle between the support surface segment is analogous 5 and the connecting element 6th or the support surface segment 5 and the connecting element 7th in a tensioned state of the tensioning element 1 smaller than the pivot angle in an untensioned state of the clamping element 1 .

In the 36 until 38 are a clamping surface 3 or a clamping surface segment 4th , two fasteners 6th , 7th as well as two support surfaces 2 or support surface segments 5 as well as the forces acting for a workpiece clamped from the inside shown again separately in a cross-sectional view. A direction of action of the radial support surface pressing force Q _A and an effective direction of the clamping surface pressing force F _S is around a pressing force angle _Y in the circumferential direction U offset. A direction of action of the radial support surface pressing force Q _A as well as an effective direction of the resulting clamping force F _R when clamping a workpiece or tool are around a clamping force angle δ in the circumferential direction U offset.

Based on 39 showing a longitudinal section of a jig 100 for clamping (or: frictional holding) a workpiece indicated by dotted lines 101 , the principle of the clamping process is explained for clamping elements 1 that have a buttress thread.

The jig 100 includes in a clamping area 102 , in which the clamping forces for clamping the workpiece 101 made available or generated, a clamping element 1 with one in the radial direction R. outwardly directed or pointing or a clamping surface arranged on an outer surface or jacket surface or outer wall 3 that are used for frictional connection or clamping on a counter-clamping surface 103 of the workpiece 101 rests, and with a clamping body 104 for tensioning the tensioning element 1 by exerting a clamping force on the clamping surface 3 and counter-clamping surface 103 . The clamping element 1 , in the present case a sleeve-shaped clamping sleeve, is with respect to a common central axis or central axis M. the jig 100 and coaxial to the clamping body 104 arranged around this or surrounding it.

Furthermore, the clamping device comprises 100 a shaft part 105 for connecting or coupling to a drive unit, not shown, in a manner known per se.

The clamping force is generated by means of at least one support element or a support surface 106 on an outer surface or jacket surface or outer wall of the clamping body 104 and at least one corresponding or interacting support element or support surface 2 or two or more support surface segments 5 on an inner surface or radially inwardly directed inner wall of the clamping element 1 .

The support surfaces 106 and support surface segments 5 point to the central axis M. the jig 100 or the clamping body 104 and the tensioning element 1 wedge-shaped or sawtooth-like inclined partial surfaces.

A mechanical clamping element 108 can, for example, using a threaded pin 109 , in a clamping direction of movement IT parallel to the central axis M. be moved axially or linearly in the Z-direction, so that it is via surface contact or after stopping an end-face thrust surface 110 with an end face 111 of the clamping element 1 the clamping element 1 linear in the direction of gripping motion IT with moves. The clamping element 108 and the set screw 109 together form an example of a sliding element.

That about the clamping element 1 workpiece arranged around it 101 is held axially in position by a stop on an annular body 112. Will the clamping element 1 now linear in the direction of clamping movement IT shifted, so slides or slide the support surface or surfaces 2 or support surface segments 5 of the clamping element 1 on the support element (s) or support surfaces 106 of the clamping body 104 . This leads to an expansion of the clamping element 1 up to a level at which their clamping surface 3 or the clamping surface segments 4th on the counter-clamping surface 103 of the workpiece 101 strikes and then via a radial support surface pressing force Q _A between the support surfaces 106 and the support surface segments 5 one on the clamping surface segments 4th acting clamping surface pressing force Fs is generated. This in turn results in a resilience F _R that is between the counter-clamping surface 103 and the two or more clamping surface segments 4th builds up and which of the workpiece 101 in the direction of the clamping element 1 acts and a positive connection of the workpiece 101 generated.

Alternatively, the clamping body 104 by means of the clamping element 108 axially relative to the clamping element 1 be moved.

The support surfaces 2 of the clamping element 1 have a buttress thread, as shown in 40 shown enlarged. The support surfaces 2 are therefore along a helical line or as or like a thread section that runs with a predetermined pitch PSG around the central axis and at the same time at an angle of inclination α to one to the central axis M. axial direction Z or one around the central axis M. extending imaginary cylinder surface is inclined. A support surface 106 of the clamping body 104 is also along a helical line or as or like a thread section with a predetermined pitch PSG around the central axis M. runs and at the same time at an angle of inclination α to one to the central axis M. axial direction Z is inclined, formed.

How the sawtooth-shaped support surfaces work 106 , 2 is explained below using 40 further explained, which shows in a longitudinal section in the axial direction the principle of tensioning or holding in the manner of a buttress thread, which principle can also be transferred or applied to all further embodiments according to the invention. In the example of the 40 becomes a workpiece 101 clamped by means of a clamping sleeve from the inside 1 by a clamping surface pressing force F _S , is applied, analogous to a mandrel. The reverse clamping from the outside to the inside by means of a clamping sleeve surrounding the workpiece or tool from the outside is of course also possible, in particular as a chuck.

The clamping element 1 is by means of an insertion force F _ES which are in the Z direction or axially to the central axis M. acts, moved axially and thereby at the same time deformed or tensioned radially outwards. For this purpose, one or more wedge-shaped support surface sections are in the longitudinal section 112A of one or more support surface segments 5 of the clamping element 1 which at an angle of inclination α to the axial direction or parallel to the central axis M. are directed, on one or more according to the angle of inclination α cut off inclined support surface (s) 113A the support surface 106 of the clamping body 104 supported and slide on this or these at the angle of inclination α along. In a state of rest or in a released or unstressed state, the radially or approximately radially extending end surface (s) 112B of the support surface or the support surface segments 5 with end surface (s) 113B of the adjacent support surface or surfaces 106 hit each other and the support surfaces 112A and 113A also be slightly spaced, that is, do not lie on top of one another or be arranged with play to one another. In the state shown are the end faces 112B from the corresponding end faces 113B however, by the action of the clamping force F _ES about a displacement ΔZ in the Z-direction shifted against each other and due to the inclination by the angle of inclination α are that or the support surfaces 2 or support surface segments 5 on the support element (s) 106 radially outwards by the radial path (or: deflection) ΔR hiked or pushed, taking the radial route ΔR the axial path ΔZ is assigned depending on the angle of inclination α corresponding to ΔR = ΔZ tan α . By this radial movement or deflection or expansion by the radial path ΔR to the outside is the whole tensioning element 1 around ΔR stretched outwards or deflected or expanded and thereby exerts the clamping surface pressing force F _S off that eventually as resilience F _R between the workpiece 101 on the opposing clamping surfaces 3 or clamping surface segments 4th and the counter-clamping surface 103 acts that are physically due to the deformation and elastic restoring forces between the clamping element 1 and workpiece 101 and the actio = reactio law. At the same time there is an axial force component Vehicle exerted, which increases the transferable torque and rigidity.

So that the clamping element 1 simply without deformation or a two-part or multi-part construction on the clamping body 104 can be mounted and thereby the support surfaces 2 or support surface segments 5 over the support surface 106 can be positioned away in the Z direction, in a preferred embodiment, the support elements or support surfaces 106 , 2 each designed or arranged in the form of a thread or running along a helical line or helix, the pitch of which PSG corresponds to the distances between the support elements or support surfaces 106 , 2 in longitudinal section of the 39 is equivalent to. In addition to the wedge-shaped or sawtooth-like shape of the support surface (s), different shapes are also possible, in particular also support elements or support surfaces that are curved or provided with several flat surfaces.

In the 39 and 40 shown and described embodiments is the workpiece 101 tensioned from the inside, ie the tensioning device 100 protrudes through the workpiece 101 . Such a clamping device is also called a mandrel. Alternatively, a workpiece or tool can also be clamped from the outside, ie the clamping device surrounds the workpiece or tool. Such a clamping device is also called a chuck. Here the clamping surfaces and support elements are compared to a clamping mandrel according to 39 and 40 reversed in their order in the radial direction, ie the order from outside to inside now becomes the order from inside to outside.

List of reference symbols

1

Clamping element

2

Support surface

3

Clamping surface

4th

Clamping surface segment

5

Support surface segment

6th

Connecting element

7th

Connecting element

8th

gap

9

gap

10

Clamping surface body

11

Support sheet

12th

Clamping surface area

13th

Support surface area

14th

reservoir

15th

Clamping surface of the connecting element

100

Jig

101

workpiece

102

Clamping range

103

Counter-clamping surface of the workpiece

104

Clamping body

105

Shaft part

106

Support surface of the clamping body

108

Clamping element

109

Grub screw

110

Thrust area

111

Face of the clamping sleeve

112A

wedge-shaped support surface section

112B

End face of the support surface

113A

wedge-shaped clamping surface section

113B

End face of the clamping surface

U

Circumferential direction

FA

radial support surface pressing force

FS

Clamping surface pressing force

FR

resulting resilience

FES

Insertion force

Vehicle

axial force component

M.

Central axis

IT

Direction of clamping movement

R.

Radial direction

Z

axial direction

PSG

pitch

ΔZ

Displacement

ΔR

radial path

α

Tilt angle

β

Offset angle

Y

Pressing force angle

δ

Clamping force angle

S.

Swivel axis

ε

Swivel angle

η

Swivel angle

µ

Angle between fasteners 6th , 7th and support surface segment

σ

Helix angle

R1, R2, R3

radius

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• WO 2019/170556 A1 [0007]
• EP 2747922 B1 [0008]

Non-patent literature cited

• C. Körner - Additive manufacturing of metallic components by selective electron beam melting - a review, International Materials Reviews, 61: 5, 2016, pages 361-377 [0045]
• Lawrence E. Murr Fabrication of Metal and Alloy Components by Additive Manufacturing: Examples of 3D Materials Science, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Elsevier, 2012, pages 42 - 54 [0045]

Claims (17)

Clamping element (1), in particular clamping sleeve or collet, for a clamping device (100) for clamping a workpiece (101) or a tool, wherein a) the clamping element (1) is oriented around at least one central axis (M), b) the clamping element (1) has at least one clamping surface (3) for the workpiece (101) or tool and at least one support surface (2) facing away from the clamping surface (3) for supporting on a support surface (106) of a clamping body (104) of the clamping device (100) , c) the clamping surface (3) of the clamping element (1) is formed by two or more clamping surface segments (4) which are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction (U) around the central axis (M), d) the support surface (2) of the clamping element (1) is formed by two or more support surface segments (5) which are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction (U) around the central axis (M), e) each one clamping surface segment (4) via two connecting elements (6, 7) with two in Circumferential direction (U) adjacent support surface segments (5) is connected, and f) at least one clamping surface segment (4) and at least one support surface segment (5) connected to the clamping surface segment (4) via a connecting element (6,7) in the circumferential direction (U) by an offset angle (β) are arranged offset to one another, whereby a direction of action of a radial support surface pressing force (F _A ) acting on the support surface segment (5) of the clamping sleeve (1) and a direction of action of a clamping surface pressing force (F) acting on the clamping surface segment (4) of the clamping element (1) _s ) by a pressing force angle (γ) and / or an effective direction of the clamping surface pressing force (Fs) and an effective direction of a clamping force (F _R ) acting on the clamping surface segment (4) of the clamping element (1) by a clamping force angle (δ) in the circumferential direction ( U) are offset. Tensioning element (1) Claim 1 , with at least one or a combination of the following features: a) at least one of the two or more support surface segments (5) of the clamping element (1), spaced from one another in the circumferential direction, extends in a direction (Z) which is axial to the central axis (M) and / or in the circumferential direction (U), b) at least one of the two or more clamping surface segments (4) of the clamping element (1), which are spaced apart in the circumferential direction (U), each extends in a direction (Z) and / which is axial to the central axis (M). or in the circumferential direction (U). Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting elements (6, 7) are designed as webs which extend in a direction (Z) which is axial to the central axis (M), and wherein in each case one clamping surface segment (4) over two Web is connected to two in the circumferential direction (U) adjacent support surface segments (5). Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with at least one or any combination of the following features: a) a first, outer or inner end portion of the connecting element (6, 7) is with a peripheral end portion of the clamping surface segment (4) and a second, outer or inner end portion of the connecting element (6, 7) is with a peripheral end portion of the support surface segment (5) connected, b) a first, outer or inner end section of the connecting element (6, 7) is with a peripheral end section of the clamping surface segment (4) and a second, outer or inner end section of the connecting element (6, 7) is a central section of the supporting surface segment (5) tied together, c) a first, outer or inner end portion of the connecting element (6, 7) is with a central portion of the clamping surface segment (4) and a second, outer or inner end portion of the connecting element (6, 7) is a peripheral end portion of the support surface segment (5) tied together, d) a first, outer or inner end portion of the connecting element (6, 7) is connected to a central portion of the clamping surface segment (4) and a second, outer or inner end portion of the connecting element (6, 7) is connected to a central portion of the supporting surface segment (5). Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the connecting elements (6, 7) has a straight course or an at least partially curved one with respect to a cross section to the axial direction (Z) between the support surface segment (5) and the clamping surface segment (4) Has course. Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the axial direction (Z) spaced apart axial end sections of a clamping surface segment (4) and / or in the axial direction (Z) spaced apart axial end sections of a support surface segment (5) and / or in axial end sections of a connecting element (6, 7) which are spaced apart from one another in the axial direction (Z) are offset from one another by an angle of twist (σ) in the circumferential direction (U) with respect to the central longitudinal axis (M). Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two of the connecting elements (6, 7) connecting a clamping surface segment (4) with two supporting surface segments (5) adjacent in the circumferential direction (U) according to at least one or any combination of the following features are formed: a) the connecting elements (6, 7) are oriented parallel to one another in a direction (Z) which is axial to the central axis (M), b) the connecting elements (6, 7) are in in a direction (Z) axial to the central axis (M) oriented at an angle to one another, c) the connecting elements (6, 7) are in a direction (Z) axial to the central axis (M) at an angle (µ) to the clamping surface segment (4) and / or the support surface segment (5) oriented. Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with at least one or any combination of the following features: a) at least one of the clamping surface segments (4) comprises a clamping surface body (10) extending in the radial direction (R) and / or in a direction (Z) which is axial to the central axis (M) and / or in the circumferential direction (U), wherein a Surface of the clamping surface body (10) forms the clamping surface (3), b) at least one of the support surface segments (5) comprises a support surface body (11) extending in the radial direction and / or in a direction (Z) which is axial to the central axis (M) and / or in the circumferential direction (U), one surface of the support surface body (11) forms the support surface (2). Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two of the support surface segments (5) and / or at least two of the clamping surface segments (4) in the circumferential direction (U) each with the formation of a direction (Z ) extending gap (8, 9) are spaced apart. Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims with at least one or any combination of the following features: a) at least one axial end section of the clamping surface segment arranged on one end face of the clamping element (1) has a clamping surface area (Z) oriented in a direction (Z) which is axial to the central axis (M) and in a direction (R) perpendicular to the central axis (M). 12) on, b) at least one axial end section of the support surface segment arranged on one end face of the clamping element (1) has a support surface area (Z) oriented in a direction (Z) which is axial to the central axis (M) and in a direction (R) perpendicular to the central axis (M). 13). Clamping element (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one clamping surface segment (4), two connecting elements (6, 7) connecting the clamping surface segment (4) with two supporting surface segments (5) adjacent in the circumferential direction (U) and the two connecting elements (6, 7) in the circumferential direction ( U) adjacent support surface segments (5) enclose a receiving space (14) between them which contains a lubricant or into which a lubricant can be introduced. Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the connecting elements (6, 7) at least partially forms a clamping surface (15) facing the workpiece (101) or tool for the workpiece (101) or the tool. Tensioning element (1) Claim 12 , wherein the clamping surface (15) of two connecting elements (6, 7) connecting a clamping surface segment (4) with two supporting surface segments (5) adjacent in the circumferential direction (U) and the clamping surface (3) of the clamping surface segment (4) have a common, along an in axial direction (Z) extending cylinder with radius (R ₃ ) form oriented clamping surface or the clamping surface (15) of two connecting elements (6, 7) connecting a clamping surface segment (4) with two supporting surface segments (5) adjacent in the circumferential direction (U) and the Form the clamping surface (3) of the clamping surface segment (4) in the shape of an involute toothing. Tensioning element (1) Claim 13 At least one of the sections of the clamping element (1) bounded by the clamping surface (15) of the connecting elements (6, 7) and the clamping surface (3) of the clamping surface segment (4) is designed as a hollow profile or solid body. Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the clamping surface (3) has the shape of a circle or a polygon or a polygon in relation to a cross section to the axial direction (Z). Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support surface (2) of the clamping element (1) runs along a helical line or as or like a thread section with a predetermined pitch (P _SG ) around the central axis (M) and at the same time under a Angle of inclination (α) is inclined to a direction (Z) which is axial to the central axis (M) or to an imaginary cylinder surface extending around the central axis (M). A clamping device (100) for clamping a workpiece (101) or a tool comprising a) at least one clamping body (104), b) at least one clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

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