WO2021204880A2

WO2021204880A2 - Clamping element, clamping body and clamping device and method for clamping a workpiece or tool

Info

Publication number: WO2021204880A2
Application number: PCT/EP2021/059071
Authority: WO
Inventors: Walter Schöner; Simon Cruz; Rüdiger Watzke; Peter Liebald
Original assignee: EMUGE-Werk Richard Glimpel GmbH & Co. KG Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge
Priority date: 2020-04-07
Filing date: 2021-04-07
Publication date: 2021-10-14
Also published as: EP4132734A2; WO2021204880A3; DE102020109685A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a clamping element (1) and to a clamping body (104, 204) for a clamping device (100, 200) for clamping a workpiece (101) or a tool, to such a clamping device (100, 200), and to a method for clamping a workpiece or tool. The clamping element (1) is oriented about at least one central axis (M) and has at least one clamping face (3) for the workpiece (101) or tool and at least one supporting face (2), facing away from the clamping face (3), for supporting on a supporting face (106) of a clamping body (104) of the clamping device (100). The clamping face (3) of the clamping element (1) is formed by two or more clamping-face segments (4) that are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction (U) about the central axis (M), the supporting face (2) of the clamping element (1) is formed by two or more supporting-face segments (5) that are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction (U) about the central axis (M), wherein the clamping-face segments (4) and the supporting-face segments (5) are spaced apart from one another in a radial direction (R). Each clamping-face segment (4) is connected via two connecting elements (6, 7) to two supporting-face segments (5) that are adjacent in the circumferential direction (U), and at least one clamping-face segment (4) and at least one supporting-face segment (5) connected to the clamping-face segment (4) via a connecting element (6, 7) are arranged in a manner offset with respect to one another in the circumferential direction (U) by an offset angle (β), with the result that an acting direction of a radial supporting-face pressing force (F_A) acting on the supporting-face segment (5) of the clamping element (1) in a radial direction (R) and an acting direction of a clamping-face pressing force (F_S) acting on the clamping-face segment (4) of the clamping element (1) both in a radial direction (R) and in the circumferential direction (U) are offset in the circumferential direction (U) by a pressing-force angle (γ) and/or an acting direction of the clamping-face pressing force (F_S) acting both in a radial direction (R) and in the circumferential direction (U) and an acting direction of a clamping force (F_R) acting on the clamping-face segment (4) of the clamping element (1) are offset in the circumferential direction by a clamping-force angle (δ).

Description

Title: Clamping element, clamping body and clamping device and method for clamping a workpiece or tool

description

The invention relates to a clamping element, such as a clamping sleeve or a collet, and a clamping body for a clamping device, such as a mandrel or a chuck, for clamping workpieces or tools, and a clamping device with such a clamping element and clamping body. The invention also relates to a method for clamping a workpiece or tool. Clamping devices or clamping tools or clamping systems for clamping workpieces or tools are known in various designs.

Various clamping systems are known from the EMUGE clamping technology catalog 135, top-class clamping tools with the printing date September 2005 of the EMUGE FRANKEN group of companies, which are presented in an overview on pages 10 to 17 and then on the following pages 18 to 190 in special solutions, especially for the automotive industry. The play between the clamping element and the workpiece or tool is eliminated during clamping and a radial, possibly also an axial clamping force is built up.

In the system designated as SP, which is shown on page 12 of the catalog, a clamping force expands to clamp the workpiece or tool. nelement, in the present case a clamping sleeve meandering in longitudinal section through the application of axial force. In the clamping system designated as SZ, a clamping element, in this case a slotted collet, is moved axially with respect to the base body (or: clamping body) by an axial force application and is expanded radially over conical surfaces running against each other according to page 12 of the catalog. A special membrane clamping system SM is described on page 14.

Another clamping system, known as SG, is described on page 13 of the catalog and has a clamping element in the form of a slotted clamping sleeve which has a special buttress thread with which it connects to a corresponding buttress thread on the base body (or: clamping body- is screwed on. The wedge-shaped contact surfaces of the two buttress threads that lie on top of one another and are arranged at the specified flank angle can now be moved axially against each other by applying an axial force and the clamping sleeve expands radially in the direction of force due to the flank angle due to the flank angle and thereby clamps the workpiece located outside . The axial force introduced is divided into an axial force component and an outwardly acting radial force component on the saw thread surfaces inclined towards each other at the flank angle. The axial force component increases the transmittable torque and the rigidity of the tension.

In addition to these mechanical clamping systems SP, SZ, SG and SM, a hydraulic clamping system SH is also described on page 13 of the catalog, with which, in particular, long, thin-walled workpieces and several identical workpieces can be clamped. These are closed systems that are filled with hydraulic oil that is pressurized with a piston. The pressure that builds up radially expands the thin-walled expansion zone of an expansion sleeve and clamps the work piece (s).

WO 2019/170556 A1 discloses a clamping element for positioning and / or fixing a workpiece or tool, comprising a plurality of Support webs, each having an inner and an outer jacket surface, and a plurality of elastic intermediate members, as a result of which the tensioning element can be expanded or compressed by stretching or compressing the elastic intermediate members.

A device for clamping a component on a rotating machine part, in particular a balancing machine, is known from EP 2 747 922 B1. The device comprises a base body, a mandrel arranged axially displaceably within the base body and several clamping devices which can be moved between a release position and a clamping position by axially displacing the mandrel, the clamping devices being displaceable above the base body radially to its central axis - are segments and the clamping segments are connected to one another by flexible connecting webs.

It is now the object of the invention to provide a new clamping element and a new clamping body for a clamping device and a new clamping device. A further object of the invention is to specify a method for clamping a workpiece or tool.

The first-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention with a tensioning element according to the features of claim 1. Advantageous configurations and variants emerge in particular from the dependent claims and furthermore from the following description, in particular the configurations and embodiments described herein.

The features and feature combinations described herein according to the underlying invention are not restricted by the feature combination / s selected in the claims and the selected back-references. Each feature of one claim category can also be claimed in another claim category. Furthermore, each feature in the claims can also be used independently of the respective back-reference according to the claims, for example in any combination with an or several other feature (s) of the claims or the following description are claimed. Furthermore, each feature that is disclosed in the following description and / or the appended drawings and / or described or disclosed in connection with the drawings can stand alone, independently or separately from the context in which it stands, alone or in any way Combination with one or more other features that is or are described or disclosed in the claims, the description and / or the drawings are claimed, in particular to the extent that the respective feature at least contributes to solving the underlying task provides. In particular, each of the configurations described below or each of the exemplary embodiments described and their features can be claimed separately and / or in any combination.

The clamping element, in particular clamping sleeve (or: clamping sleeve) or collet, according to claim 1, is provided for a clamping device for clamping (or: for clamping or clamping) a (rotating or non-rotating) workpiece or a tool, wherein a) the clamping element is oriented around at least one central axis (or: central longitudinal axis) (or: at least one central axis revolves or surrounds), b) the clamping element has at least one clamping surface for the workpiece or tool (or: at least one clamping surface for interaction, ins - has special frictional engagement, with at least one counter-clamping surface on the workpiece or tool) and at least one support surface facing away from the clamping surface for support on a support surface of a clamping body of the clamping device, c) the clamping surface of the clamping element of two or more clamping surfaces chensegmenten is formed, which are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction about the central axis are, d) the support surface of the clamping element is formed by two or more support surface segments which are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction, e) the clamping surface segments (4) and the supporting surface segments (5) are spaced apart from one another in the radial direction (R), f) each clamping surface segment is connected via two connecting elements to two supporting surface segments that are adjacent in the circumferential direction (or: one supporting surface segment is connected by two Connecting elements is connected to two adjacent clamping surface segments in the circumferential direction), and g) at least one clamping surface segment and at least one supporting surface segment connected to the clamping surface segment via a connecting element are arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction by an offset angle, creating a direction of action a radial support surface pressing force acting on the supporting surface segment of the clamping element in the radial direction and an effective direction of a clamping surface pressing force acting on the clamping surface segment of the clamping element both in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction by a pressing force angle and / or an effective direction of the clamping surface pressing force acting both in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction and an effective direction of a clamping force acting on the clamping surface segment of the clamping element are offset by a clamping force angle in the circumferential direction.

The support surface is to be understood as that surface of the clamping element that is brought into contact with a support surface of the clamping body during a clamping process and / or that slide on each other, whereby the diameter of the clamping element and thus the diameter of its clamping surface in a direction radial to the central axis is changeable, that is to say can be enlarged or reduced, or changes, that is to say enlarged or reduced. In the clamped state, the support surface of the clamping body and the support surface of the clamping element lie against one another and a radially acting support surface pressing force is formed between the support surface of the clamping body and the support surface of the clamping element. The clamping surface of the clamping element denotes that surface of the clamping element which is brought into contact with the workpiece or tool during the clamping process and rests against it in the clamped state, whereby a radially acting, possibly also an axially acting clamping force forms.

According to the invention, at least one clamping surface segment of the clamping element is connected via connecting elements to two supporting surface segments of the clamping element or one supporting surface segment is connected via two connecting elements to two circumferentially adjacent clamping surface segments, the clamping surface segment being offset from the supporting surface segments by an offset angle in the circumferential direction is offset or wherein the support surface segment is offset in the circumferential direction by an offset angle in relation to the clamping surface segments. In addition, the clamping surface segment and the support surface segment are spaced apart from one another in the radial direction. For this purpose, the connecting elements have an extension component in the radial direction and / or in the circumferential direction. The radial support surface pressing force acting on adjacent support surface segments is transmitted to the clamping surface segment via the connecting elements connecting the support surface segments to the clamping surface segment, whereby a radial expansion or constriction of the clamping element takes place. The force transmission within the clamping element thus takes place at a pressing force angle and not just in the radial direction. The connecting elements are flexible in such a way that their extension can be changed in the radial and circumferential directions.

The support surface segments and clamping surface segments are at least partially offset from one another in the circumferential direction. In other words: the support surface segments and clamping surface segments are at least partially not aligned one behind the other in the radial direction. In other words: there is at least one containing the central axis and a plane extending in the radial direction which intersects only one of the support surface segments or one of the clamping surface segments. The offset angle is defined in the present case as the angle between a support surface plane, which is perpendicular to the support surface segment and contains a central longitudinal axis or central axis of the support surface segment that extends in a direction axial to the central axis, and a clamping surface plane that extends on the clamping surface segment is perpendicular and contains a central longitudinal axis or central axis of the clamping surface segment extending in a direction axial to the central axis.

The clamping element, that is to say the clamping surface segments, support surface segments and connecting elements, are in particular formed in one piece.

The clamping element preferably has a uniform offset of the clamping surface segments and support surface segments in the circumferential direction, that is to say constant offset angles.

The radial support surface pressing force and / or the clamping surface pressing force can be, for example, mechanically, for example by shifting a clamping body with respect to the clamping element and a resulting radial expansion or constriction of the clamping element, hydraulically or pneumatically, for example by means of a hydraulic or pneumatic device arranged inside the clamping element Hydraulic or pneumatic chambers filled with gaseous medium to which hydraulic or pneumatic pressure can be applied in order to enlarge or reduce, generate thermally, for example by heating or cooling the clamping body, or also generate electromagnetic chambers. Combinations of the above-mentioned possibilities for generating the radial support surface pressing force and / or the clamping surface pressing force are also conceivable. Hydraulic loading of the clamping body has the advantage that there are no so-called "stick-slip effects" in which the clamping body and the clamping element slide jerkily on one another, appear. Particularly in combination with mechanical loading, hydraulic loading of the clamping body offers a finer manipulated variable for clamping the workpiece or tool.

It should be pointed out here that the term tensioning element is understood here in a general sense and includes any tensioning element that at least predominantly, preferably completely or closed, surrounds the axis in any shape or with any wall, or at least encloses it inside is partially hollow or is provided with a cavity and, viewed axially, is at least partially open to the outside at least on one side, preferably on both sides. The term clamping element also includes, without restricting generality, bodies with at least predominantly cylindrical and / or provided with shoulders and / or with conical surfaces and / or with threads inner and / or outer surfaces and in particular also clamping sleeves or clamping sleeves and collets as well as sleeve-like Clamping inserts. Any restrictive interpretations of the term clamping element in technical jargon are therefore irrelevant.

According to an advantageous development, at least one of the two or more circumferentially spaced support surface segments of the clamping element extends in a direction axial to the central axis and / or in the circumferential direction and / or at least one of the two or more circumferentially spaced apart The clamping surface segments of the clamping element each extend in a direction axial to the central axis and / or in the circumferential direction.

The connecting elements are designed in particular as webs that extend in a direction axial to the central axis, with one clamping surface segment being connected via two webs to two support surface segments that are adjacent in the circumferential direction (or: one support surface segment is connected by two connecting elements with two is connected in the circumferential direction adjacent clamping surface segments). According to further preferred embodiments, the tensioning element has at least one or any combination of the following features: second, outer or inner end section of the connecting element is connected to a circumferential end section of the support surface segment, b) a first, outer or inner end section of the connecting element is connected to a circumferential end section of the clamping surface segment and a second, outer or inner end section of the connecting element connected to a central portion of the support surface segment, c) a first, outer or inner end portion of the connecting element is connected to a central portion of the clamping surface segment and a second, outer or inner end portion of the connecting element is a peripheral end portion s supporting surface segment, d) a first, outer or inner end section of the connecting element is connected to a central section of the clamping surface segment and a second, outer or inner end section of the connecting element is connected to a central section of the supporting surface segment.

The term "outer or inner end section of the connecting element" is to be understood as meaning sections of the connecting element which adjoin the clamping surface segment or the support surface segment and are delimited from one another in a perpendicular to the axial direction by the "central section of the connecting element". The term "circumferential end section of the clamping surface segment" or "circumferential end section of the supporting surface segment" is to be understood as meaning sections delimited from one another with respect to the circumferential direction by the "central section of the clamping surface segment" or the "central section of the supporting surface segment". The end sections and the central sections preferably extend at least partially in a direction that is axial to the central axis. A radial support surface pressing force acting on the support surface or the support surface segment is thus transmitted via the connecting element from an end section or central section of the support surface segment to an end section or central section of the clamping surface segment and acts there as a clamping surface pressing force. The strength of the clamping surface pressing force can be varied through different connection points and the associated different angles of the connection elements with respect to the support surface segment and / or the clamping surface segment.

According to an advantageous development of the clamping element, at least one of the connecting elements has a straight (or: linear) course or an at least partially curved (or: curved) course with respect to a cross section to the axial direction between the support surface segment and the clamping surface segment.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, axially spaced apart axial end sections (or: axial end sections or the front and rear end sections) of a clamping surface segment and / or the axial end sections of a support surface segment spaced apart from each other in the axial direction and / or in the axial direction Axial end sections of a connecting element, spaced apart from one another, offset from one another by an angle of twist with respect to the central longitudinal axis or central axis in the circumferential direction. In other words: the clamping surface segments and / or supporting surface segments and / or connecting elements are twisted in the axial direction and the axial end sections of the clamping surface segment and / or the supporting surface segment and / or the connecting element are offset from one another in the circumferential direction. For example, such a twist angle can be provided that axial sections of adjacent clamping surface segments and / or support surface segments that are spaced apart from one another lie completely one behind the other in the axial direction (“division of 1”) or each overlap in half in the axial direction (“division of V2 "). Such a twisted clamping element improves the setting or the clamping ability of the workpiece or tool, in particular during the clamping process by means of a Buttress thread having clamping element which is screwed onto a clamping body having a corresponding buttress thread. By applying an axial force, the clamping element and clamping body are then moved against each other in the axial direction and the axial force introduced is divided into an axial force component and an outwardly acting radial force component on the buttress thread surfaces that are inclined towards each other at the flank angle, whereby the clamping element is divided into Is widened or constricted in the radial direction so that the workpiece is clamped.

Another embodiment of the clamping element provides that at least two of the one clamping surface segment with two connecting elements connecting in the circumferential direction adjacent support surface segments are designed according to at least one or any combination of the following features: a) the connecting elements are in an axial to the central axis Direction parallel to one another, b) the connecting elements are oriented at an angle to one another in a direction axial to the central axis, c) the connecting elements are oriented at an angle to the clamping surface segment and / or the support surface segment in a direction axial to the central axis.

Connecting elements which are oriented parallel to one another and which in particular are also oriented at an angle with respect to the clamping surface segment and / or the support surface segment are thus oriented in the same direction in the circumferential direction. Depending on the direction of orientation of the connecting elements or the direction of the torsional moment or the torsional forces acting on the workpiece or a tangential force, for example during machining, a free-wheeling effect or a blocking effect occurs, ie the connecting elements lie flat or oppose. This increases the resilience. The clamping surface segment and the connecting element are in particular each swivelable (or: movable) about a swiveling axis extending in a direction axial to the central axis relative to one another by a swivel angle, the swiveling angle being greater or smaller in a tensioned state of the clamping element is than in an untensioned state of the tensioning element. The support surface segment and the connecting element are in particular each pivotable about a pivot axis extending in a direction axial to the central axis by a pivot angle to one another, the pivot angle in a tensioned state of the clamping element being greater or smaller than in an untensioned state of the tensioning element.

In other words: the connection area between the connection element and the support surface segment and / or the connection area between the connection element and the clamping surface segment forms an elastic deformation zone or a joint, which results in a radial expansion, ie an increase in the swivel angle in the clamped state, or a radial constriction , ie a reduction in the pivot angle in the clamped state, of the clamping element can be achieved as soon as a radial support surface pressing force acts.

The object is also achieved with a clamping element according to the features of claim 8. The clamping element, in particular with one or more of the features described above, in particular a clamping sleeve or collet, for a clamping device for clamping a workpiece or a tool, has the following features: a) the clamping element is oriented around at least one central axis, b) the clamping element has at least one clamping surface for the workpiece or tool and at least one support surface facing away from the clamping surface for support on a support surface of a clamping body of the clamping device , c) the clamping surface of the clamping element is formed by two or more clamping surface segments which are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction around the central axis, d) the support surface of the clamping element is formed by two or more support surface segments which are circumferentially spaced around the central axis are spaced from each other, e) the clamping surface segments and the support surface segments are spaced apart in the radial direction, f) each clamping surface segment is connected via two connecting elements to two circumferentially adjacent support surface segments, g) at least one clamping surface segment and at least one with the instep Support surface segments connected via a connecting element are arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction by an offset angle, the connecting elements in a direction axial to the central axis at an angle (also connecting angle) with respect to the clamping surface segment and / or the support surface segment are oriented.

In other words: the connecting elements 6, 7 are not perpendicular to the clamping surface segment and / or the supporting surface segment, so the connecting angle has a dimension different from 90 °. The dimension of the connection angle corresponds in particular to that of the pressing force angle.

Advantageously, at least one of the clamping surface segments comprises a clamping surface body extending in the radial direction and / or in a direction axial to the central axis and / or in the circumferential direction, one surface of the clamping surface body forming the clamping surface (or: a partial clamping surface) and / or At least one of the support surface segments comprises a support surface body extending in the radial direction and / or in a direction axial to the central axis and / or in the circumferential direction, one surface of the support surface body forming the support surface (or: a partial support surface). It is also preferred that at least two of the support surface segments and / or at least two of the clamping surface segments in the circumferential direction each form a gap extending in a direction axial to the central axis, in particular in the form of one between the support surface segment or the clamping surface segment and two adjacent connecting elements formed groove, are spaced from each other. In the case of an internally clamped workpiece or tool, the gap has a larger dimension in the clamped state than in the unclamped state due to the radial widening of the clamping sleeve. tion of the clamping sleeve in the clamped state in each case a smaller dimension than in the unclamped state. Further advantageous variants of the clamping element also have at least one or any combination of the following features: right direction oriented clamping surface area, b) at least one axial end portion of the support surface segment arranged on an end face of the clamping element has a support surface area oriented in a direction axial to the central axis and in a direction perpendicular to the central axis.

In other words: on a first or second end section of the tensioning element - in relation to a direction axial to the central axis - the tensioning surface segments or support surface segments are beveled in the form of a bevel starting from the first or second end face.

During the tensioning process, the tensioning element and the tensioning body are moved relative to one another, it being advantageous if this movement can take place with as little friction as possible. According to an advantageous embodiment a clamping surface segment, two connecting elements connecting the clamping surface segment with two circumferentially adjacent support surface segments and the two circumferentially adjacent support surface segments enclose a receiving space (or: a reservoir) between them which contains or in which a lubricant (or: sliding agent) a lubricant can be introduced. The gap, in particular the groove, thus forms the receiving space or is at least part of the receiving space. The clamping element thus has an integrated lubrication for the clamping movement between the clamping body and the clamping element, with the lubricants used, for example lubricating greases, which are resistant to the oils or emulsions of the clamping device users acting "from the outside" or constriction of the clamping element during the clamping process leads to a kind of "pumping movement", as a result of which the lubricant is conveyed from the receiving space into the space or gap between the clamping body and the clamping element.

In principle, the clamping surface segments or the clamping surface, which rest against the workpiece or tool in the clamped state, are used to clamp the workpiece or tool. For clamping workpieces or tools with toothing, at least one of the connecting elements preferably at least partially forms a clamping surface for the workpiece or the tool, which faces the workpiece or tool. In other words: at least part of the flank surface of a connecting element facing the workpiece or tool serves as an additional clamping surface to the clamping surface of the clamping surface segments. As a result, a workpiece or tool with toothing, internal toothing or external toothing, in particular, can be additionally clamped in order to increase the clamping force.

The clamping surface of two connecting elements connecting a clamping surface segment with two support surface segments adjacent in the circumferential direction and the clamping surface of the clamping surface segment preferably also form a common cylinder extending along an axial direction Radius-oriented clamping surface or the clamping surface of two connecting elements connecting a clamping surface segment with two support surface segments adjacent in the circumferential direction and the clamping surface of the clamping surface segment form the shape of an involute toothing.

In other words: the clamping surface of the connecting element is oriented in particular - in relation to a direction perpendicular to an axial direction - along a circle and / or along an involute. With such a shape, the change in the geometry of the clamping sleeve during the radial expansion or constriction can be taken into account in order to ensure contact of the clamping surface of the connecting element with an inner surface of the internal toothing or an external surface of the external toothing of the workpiece and thus clamping of the internal toothing. The number of clamping surface segments or the spacing can be adapted as a function of the number of teeth of the workpiece or tool to be clamped and varied as required.

According to an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the sections of the clamping element delimited by the clamping surface of the connecting element and the clamping surface of the clamping surface segment is designed as a hollow profile or solid body.

The clamping surface of the clamping element can basically assume different geometric shapes. In particular, in relation to a cross-section to the axial direction, the clamping surface has the shape of a circle or a polygon, for example with right-angled or rounded corners, or a polygon, for example a triangle or square (or: the clamping surface is separated from the outer surface - formed surface of a cylinder or prism extending in the axial direction with rounded corners).

According to an advantageous embodiment, the support surface of the clamping element runs along a helical line or as or like a thread ab- intersects with a predetermined gradient around the central axis and is at the same time inclined at an angle of inclination to an imaginary cylinder surface which is axial to the central axis or to an imaginary cylinder surface running around the central axis. In other definitions, alternative definitions to the definition "inclined to a direction axial to the central axis", the support surfaces can also be inclined radially inwards or outwards to an imaginary or geometric cylinder surface running around the central axis as a cylinder axis or in each section along a central axis including Section plane (longitudinal section) be inclined to a direction parallel to the central axis.

In known clamping elements, a slot is provided to enable radial expansion, which, starting from an end face of the clamping element, extends in the axial direction over part of the length of the clamping element and acts like a joint during the radial expansion or constriction. As a result, however, the pitch and / or inclination of the thread change during the radial expansion or constriction. In the case of the clamping element according to the invention, due to the connection of the support surface segments with the clamping surface segments via the connecting elements, the threaded section can be dimensioned independently of the number of support surface segments and clamping surface segments and independently of the spacing, since a uniform radial expansion or expansion . Constriction takes place.

The tensioning element is preferably manufactured entirely or at least in part with additive manufacturing processes, primarily from a metal material such as a metal or a metal alloy, or from plastic, synthetic resin, ceramic or also carbon or graphite materials.

In particular, one of the manufacturing processes or a combination of the manufacturing processes can be used from the article C. Körner - Additive manufacturing of metallic components by se / ective eiectron beam meiting - a review, International Materials Reviews, 61: 5, 2016, pages 361-377, or from the article Lawrence E. Murr Fabrication of Meta! and alloy components by Additive Manufacturing: Examples of 3 D Materials Science, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Elsevier, 2012, pages 42-54, or also known 3-D printing processes, in particular a selective laser sintering process or a selective laser melting process or a process for laser job whitening.

The support surface segments and / or clamping surface segments and / or connecting elements of the clamping element are expediently produced, in particular by a 3D printing process, preferably in such a way that the supporting surface segments and / or clamping surface segments and / or connecting elements of the clamping element are cohesively and / or, in particular in terms of material, are formed in one piece. This ensures a high strength of the clamping element and thin-walled support surface segments and / or clamping surface segments and / or connecting elements can also be produced.

The second-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention by a clamping body for a clamping device with the features of claim 18. The clamping body is oriented around at least one central axis, with a longitudinal section of the clamping body on an inner or outer side, which occurs when a workpiece or tool is clamped facing the clamping element and forming the support surface of the clamping body, two or more grooves running parallel to the central axis in the axial direction and two or more support surface segments formed between the grooves and running parallel to the central axis in the axial direction, each of which has to Receipt of a support surface segment of the tensioning element is provided when the tensioning body and / or tensioning element is displaced in the axial direction, in particular when the tensioning element is pushed onto the tensioning body.

The specific number and shape of the grooves is variable and is in particular designed to be complementary to the support surface segments of the clamping element, ie the number and shape of the grooves match the number and shape of the Support surface segments of the clamping element match. The grooves are preferably evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The support surface of the clamping body is thus also formed by support surface segments which are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction by the grooves. During the displacement movement of the tensioning element on the tensioning body, a respective support surface segment of the tensioning element slides along a groove in the axial direction.

The support surface of the clamping body is to be understood as that surface of the clamping body which is brought into contact with the support surface or support surface segments of the clamping element during a clamping process and / or which slide on each other, whereby the diameter of the clamping element is in a central axis is changeable in the radial direction, that is to say can be enlarged or reduced, or changes, that is to say enlarged or reduced. In the clamped state, the support surfaces or support surface segments of the clamping body and the support surfaces or support surface segments of the clamping element lie against one another and a radially acting support surface pressing force is formed between the support surface of the clamping body and the support surface of the clamping element.

The grooves extend in the axial direction preferably at least over that longitudinal section of the clamping body which interacts with the clamping element during the clamping process (clamping area). This longitudinal section is also referred to below as the central longitudinal section. A longitudinal section of the clamping body that is rearward in relation to the axial direction has on its inside or outside in particular a thread or a threaded section onto which an axial adjustment or displacement element, for example a screw nut, can be screwed to fix the clamping element in the axial direction and to bring the mutually facing support surfaces of the clamping body and clamping element in contact with each other in the axial direction and / or to slide them on each other, whereby the diameter of the clamping surface of the clamping element can be changed in a direction radial to the central axis or changes. That The clamping element is thus spread apart, and this can be done with a uniform curvature as well as unevenly. A longitudinal section of the tensioning body which is at the front in relation to the axial direction is preferably widened compared to the central longitudinal section and forms a stop surface for the tensioning element on the end face.

Such a clamping body offers some advantages in combination with a clamping element according to the invention, in particular in combination with clamping bodies or clamping elements which have a buttress thread and the clamping element is screwed onto the clamping body over the entire thread length. Through the grooves, the clamping element can be pushed onto the clamping body in the axial direction, which significantly reduces the set-up time when converting, for example to a different clamping diameter or with a worn clamping element, which also results in lower costs, especially for small quantities leads. Clamping body and clamping element are thus connected or connectable to one another in the manner of a bayonet lock, in which the two parts are pushed onto one another or plugged into one another and can be releasably connected to one another and separated again by turning. Due to the possibility of being able to slide the clamping element onto the clamping body by means of the grooves over the entire longitudinal section, a thread pitch can also be dispensed with for clamping elements and clamping bodies with buttress threads, which simplifies their production, since, for example, there are no special grinding machines. are required.

Side surfaces flanking the groove can extend vertically starting from the bottom surface of the groove or enclose an angle with the bottom surface which differs from 90 °. Furthermore, the side surfaces and / or the bottom surface can have a curved course, at least in sections.

The third object is achieved according to the invention with the features of claim 26. Advantageous embodiments and variants result can be derived in particular from the following description, in particular the configurations and embodiments described herein.

The clamping device for clamping (or: for clamping or clamping) a (rotating or non-rotating) workpiece or a tool comprises Outside, which faces the clamping element when clamping a workpiece or tool, has two or more grooves running parallel to the central axis in the axial direction and two or more support surface segments formed between the grooves and running parallel to the central axis in the axial direction, which for A support surface segment of the clamping element is provided with a displacement movement in the axial direction of the clamping body and / or clamping element, and b) in particular at least one clamping element oriented around a central axis (or: encircling or surrounding a central axis) with at least one clamping surface e for the workpiece or tool and at least one support surface facing away from the clamping surface for support on a support surface of the clamping body of the clamping device, c) the clamping surface of the clamping element being formed by two or more clamping surface segments which are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction, d) wherein the support surface of the clamping element is formed by two or more support surface segments which are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction, e) the clamping surface segments (4) and the support surface segments (5) are spaced apart from one another in the radial direction (R), f) whereby one clamping surface segment is connected via two connecting elements with two support surface segments that are adjacent in the circumferential direction. (or: one support surface segment is connected via two connecting elements to two adjacent clamping surface segments in the circumferential direction), and g) where at least one clamping surface segment and at least one support surface segment connected to the clamping surface segment via a connecting element in the circumferential direction by an offset angle offset from one another, whereby a direction of action of a radial support surface pressing force acting in the radial direction between the support surface of the clamping body on the one hand and the support surface segment of the clamping element on the other hand, and a direction of action of a between the clamping surface segment of the clamping element on the one hand and the tool or workpiece on the other hand Clamping surface pressing force acting both in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction around a pressing force angle in the circumferential direction and / or an effective direction of the clamping surface acting both in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction en pressing force and an effective direction of a resulting clamping force acting between the tool or workpiece on the one hand and the clamping surface segment of the clamping element on the other hand are offset by a clamping force angle in the circumferential direction.

With regard to advantageous configurations and variants of the tensioning element and the tensioning body of the tensioning device, reference is made to the above statements.

The clamping surface or the clamping surface segment of the clamping element denotes that surface (s) of the clamping element on which the clamping surface pressing force acts via the connecting elements and which are brought into contact with the workpiece or tool during the clamping process and rest against this in the tensioned state. As a result, between the clamping surface or the clamping surface segment of the clamping element and the workpiece or tool, a clamping force that counteracts the clamping surface pressing force is formed. According to the invention, the force is transmitted from the clamping body to the clamping element and to the workpiece or the tool via a pressing force angle and not just in the radial direction. In other words: the force of a radial support surface pressing force acting on the two adjacent support surface segments is transmitted to the clamping surface segment via the connecting elements connecting the support surface segments to the clamping surface segment and thus via a clamping surface pressing force acting both in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction , whereby a radial expansion or constriction of the clamping element takes place.

With the clamping device, both a workpiece or a tool can be clamped in that it is acted upon radially from the inside by means of the clamping element with a radially outwardly acting support surface pressing force and an outwardly acting clamping surface pressing force. The generation of a reverse, radially inwardly acting support surface pressing force and a reverse, inwardly acting clamping surface pressing force, that is, by means of a clamping element surrounding the workpiece or tool from the outside, is also possible.

The clamping body is, for example, cylindrical, which in cooperation with a hollow cylindrical clamping element has the advantage over a conical design of the clamping body and / or the clamping element that the usable dimensions of the inside or outside diameter of the clamping element are not due to the conical shape of the clamping body are given, but that the inside or outside diameter can be flexibly adapted to the clamping task. Alternatively, it is possible for the clamping body and / or the clamping element to be conical or conical.

The tensioning device can comprise at least one axial adjusting element or displacement element in order to fix the tensioning element in the axial direction on the tensioning body by means of an axial displacement movement along one of the mutually facing support surfaces of tensioning body and tensioning element to bring axial displacement in the axial direction into contact with each other and / or to move sliding on each other, whereby the diameter of the clamping surface of the clamping element can be changed or changed in a direction radial to the central axis (or: can be enlarged or reduced or is enlarged or reduced) or whereby, when the clamping surface or clamping surface segment is already in contact with the workpiece or tool, a clamping force can be or is generated between the clamping element on the one hand and the workpiece or tool on the other.

The clamping force is an opposing clamping force resulting as a reaction to the radial support surface pressing force and the clamping surface pressing force, which acts from the workpiece or tool in the direction of the clamping element and creates a non-positive connection of the workpiece or tool.

The radial support surface pressing force and / or the clamping surface pressing force can also alternatively or in any combination also be generated hydraulically or pneumatically, thermally or also electromagnetically.

Furthermore, the tensioning device can comprise a locking element, for example a feather key, which can be pushed into the groove for rotationally fixing the tensioning element in a locking position.

With regard to the method, the object is achieved according to the invention with the features of claim 28.

To clamp a workpiece or tool, in particular with a clamping device with the features described above, comprises at least the following steps:

The two or more support surface segments of the tensioning element are each inserted into the two or more grooves of the tensioning body and the tensioning element is on the tensioning body in the axial direction relative to the latter pushed on or pushed into this until the clamping element reaches an axial end position. In this axial end position, the clamping element rests with one end face in particular on a stop surface of the clamping body and the support surface segments of the clamping element are arranged in the grooves ("change position").

The clamping element is then rotated around the central axis with respect to the clamping body, so that or until the support surface segments of the clamping element and the support surface segments of the clamping body are brought into contact with one another and / or in particular are arranged one behind the other in the radial direction ("locking position") The degree of rotation depends on the number and dimensions of the support surface segments in the circumferential direction.

A locking element can then be inserted into one or more grooves in order to also fix the clamping element on the clamping body in the direction of rotation during the clamping process. Such a locking element can be, for example, a feather key or a type of cage with two or more rods connected at the ends, which are each inserted into the two or more grooves.

For the subsequent clamping of the workpiece or tool, for example, an axial adjustment or displacement element is screwed onto the clamping body.

The invention is explained further below with the aid of exemplary embodiments. Reference is also made to the drawings, in each of which the following is shown schematically:

1 shows a clamping element in a first embodiment in a perspective view,

FIG. 2 shows a front view of the clamping element according to FIG. 1, 3 shows a clamping element in a second embodiment in a perspective view,

4 shows a front view of the clamping element according to FIG. 3, FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of the clamping element according to FIG. 4, FIG. 6 shows a clamping element in a third embodiment in a perspective view,

FIG. 7 shows a front view of the clamping element according to FIG. 6, FIG. 8 shows a detailed view of the clamping element according to FIG. 7, FIG. 9 shows a clamping element in a fourth embodiment in a perspective view,

FIG. 10 shows a front view of the clamping element according to FIG. 9, FIG. 11 shows a clamping element in a fifth embodiment in a perspective view,

FIG. 12 shows a front view of the clamping element according to FIG. 11, FIG. 13 shows a clamping element in a sixth embodiment in a perspective view,

FIG. 14 shows a front view of the clamping element according to FIG. 13, FIG. 15 shows a clamping element in a seventh embodiment in one

Cross section, FIG. 16 shows a clamping element in an eighth embodiment in a cross section,

17 shows a clamping element in a ninth embodiment in a cross section,

18 shows a clamping element in a tenth embodiment in a cross section,

19 shows a clamping element in an eleventh embodiment in a cross section,

FIG. 20 shows a clamping element in a twelfth embodiment in a cross section, FIG. 21 shows a clamping element in a thirteenth embodiment in a cross section,

22 shows a clamping element in a fourteenth embodiment in a cross section, 23 shows a clamping element for clamping a workpiece with external toothing in a cross section,

24 shows a clamping element for clamping a workpiece with internal toothing in a first embodiment in a cross section,

25 shows a clamping element for clamping a workpiece with internal toothing in a second embodiment in a cross section,

26 shows a clamping element for clamping a workpiece with internal toothing in a third embodiment in a cross section,

27 shows a clamping element for clamping a workpiece with internal toothing in a fourth embodiment in a cross section, FIG. 28 shows a clamping element twisted in the axial direction for clamping a workpiece or tool in a perspective view,

29 shows a front view of the clamping element according to FIG. 28, FIG. 30 shows a plan view of the clamping element according to FIG. 28, FIG. 31 shows a detail of a clamping device in an untensioned state in a longitudinal section,

FIG 32 shows a detail of the clamping device according to FIG 3 li n a cross section,

33 shows a detail of the clamping device in a clamped state in a longitudinal section,

FIG. 34 shows a detail of the clamping device according to FIG. 33 in a cross section,

35 schematically shows the principle of radial expansion in an enlarged representation, FIG. 36 schematically shows the principle of mechanical tension in an untensioned state in an enlarged representation,

37 shows a schematic representation of a partially tensioned state in an enlarged representation, 38 shows a schematic representation of a tensioned state in an enlarged representation,

FIG. 39 shows a clamping device in a longitudinal section, FIG. 40 schematically shows the principle of mechanical tension in a

Sectional view,

FIG. 41 shows a clamping body in a side view, FIG. 42 shows a sectional view of the clamping body from FIG. 41, FIG. 43 shows an exploded view of a tensioning device with a tensioning body, tensioning element, locking element and axial adjusting element,

FIG. 44 shows a sectional view of the clamping body and the clamping element from FIG. 43 in the changing position,

45 shows a sectional view of the clamping body and the clamping element from FIG. 43 in the locking position.

Corresponding parts and sizes are provided with the same reference numerals in FIGS. 1 to 37.

In Figures 1 and 2, a clamping element 1 for clamping a hollow cylindrical workpiece or tool according to a first embodiment for a

Clamping device 100 is shown, which is shown in FIG. The clamping element 1, in the present case a clamping sleeve or clamping sleeve, is designed essentially as a hollow cylinder and runs around a central axis M, which extends in an axial direction Z of the clamping element 1. The clamping element 1 has a clamping surface 3 and a support surface 2, the clamping surface 3 being formed by several clamping surface segments 4 and the supporting surface 2 by several supporting surface segments 5. The clamping surface segments 4 and the support surface segments 5 are offset from one another in the circumferential direction U by an offset angle β. The support surface segments 5 and the clamping surface segments 4 each extend along a circular arc with radius R ₁ and radius R ₂ , i.e. in the circumferential direction U, as well as in a direction Z which is axial to the central axis M. extension elements 6, 7 are connected to two supporting surface segments 5 adjacent in the circumferential direction U, and the clamping surface segments 4 are offset from one another in the circumferential direction U by an offset angle β relative to the supporting surface segments 5. The connecting elements 6, 7 extend in a direction having both a component in the radial direction R and a component in the circumferential direction U. With the clamping surface segment 4, the connecting elements 6, 7 enclose a connecting angle μ which has an angular dimension deviating from 90 °. Furthermore, the connecting elements 6, 7 form an angle with the support surface segment 5. In addition, the connecting elements 6, 7 are embodied here as webs which extend in a direction Z which is axial to the central axis M.

A first - in relation to the radial direction R - on the outside end section of the connecting element 6 is with a circumferential end section of the clamping surface segment 4 and a second end section - in relation to the radial direction R - of the connecting element 6 is with a circumferential end section of the support surface segment 5 connected. A first end section of the connecting element 7 - lying on the outside in relation to the radial direction R - is with an end section - in relation to the circumferential direction U - of the clamping surface segment 4 and a second end section - in relation to the radial direction R inside - of the connecting element 7 is with a End section - related to the circumferential direction U - of the adjacent support surface segment 5 connected. In the circumferential direction U, the support surface segments 5 and the clamping surface segments 4 are spaced apart from one another with the formation of gaps 8, 9 extending in a direction Z which is axial to the central axis M. The clamping sleeve 1 thus has a meandering structure in cross section.

The clamping element 1 is provided for clamping a workpiece or tool from the inside.

During the clamping process, when the support surfaces of a clamping body 104 and the clamping element 1 lie against one another, a radial pressing force acts FR from the clamping body to the supporting surface segments 5 of the clamping element 1. Via the connecting elements 6, 7, this radial supporting surface pressing force FR is transmitted from two adjacent supporting surface segments 5 via connecting elements 6, 7 each to a clamping surface segment 4, so that on this one Clamping surface pressing force Fs is effective. An effective direction of the radial support surface pressing force FA and an effective direction of the clamping surface pressing force Fs are offset by a pressing force angle g in the circumferential direction U.

Furthermore, the clamping surface segments 4 each include a clamping surface body 10 extending in the radial direction R, in the circumferential direction U and in a direction Z axially to the central axis each forms a part of the clamping surface 3. The support surface segments 5 also each include a support surface body 11 extending in the radial direction R and in a direction Z axial to the central axis M, the surface (or inside) of which at least partially forms the support surface 2 or a part of the support surface 2 in each case.

Axial end sections of the clamping surface segments 4 facing the end face of the clamping element 1 and the axial end sections of the support surface segments 5 facing the end face of the clamping sleeve 1 have a clamping surface area 12 oriented in a direction Z axial to the central axis M and in a radial direction R perpendicular to the central axis M or support surface area 13 in order to facilitate the introduction of a clamping body into the clamping element 1 and the introduction of the clamping element 1 into a workpiece or a tool.

3 to 5 show a clamping element 1, in the present case a clamping sleeve or clamping sleeve, for clamping a hollow cylindrical workpiece according to a second embodiment. The tensioning element 1 according to the second embodiment has essentially the same configuration as the tensioning element 1 described above, so that reference is made to the explanations made in this regard and only to the differences below between the two embodiments, which predominantly consists in the type of arrangement of the support surface segment with the connecting element.

Analogous to the clamping element 1 according to the first embodiment, a first - in relation to the radial direction R - external end portion of the connecting element 6 is with a circumferential end portion of the clamping surface segment 4 and a first - in relation to the radial direction R - external end portion of the connecting element 7 is connected to a circumferential end section of the clamping surface segment 4. A second - in relation to the radial direction R - inner end section of the connecting element 6 is with a - in relation to the circumferential direction U - central section of the support surface segment 5, a second - in relation to the radial direction R - is an inner end section of the connecting element 7 connected to a central section - based on the circumferential direction U - of the adjacent support surface segment 5. The support surface segments 5 are also widened in the circumferential direction compared to the first embodiment, the gap 9 thus has a smaller dimension. Due to the enlarged support surface 2, a lower surface pressure or force per unit area acts on a clamping body, which is inserted into the clamping element 1 during the clamping process, whereby the wear of the clamping body and the clamping element 1 is reduced.

The clamping surface segment 4, two connecting elements 6, 7 connecting the clamping surface segment 4 with two adjacent support surface segments 5 in the circumferential direction U and the two adjacent support surface segments 5 in the circumferential direction U also enclose a receiving space 14 between them, which via the gap 9 is accessible between the support surface segments 5. A lubricant can be introduced into the receiving space 14 in order to enable the clamping element 1 to be lubricated with respect to the clamping body during the clamping process. The clamping element 1 is in turn provided for clamping a workpiece or tool from the inside.

6 to 8 show a clamping element 1, in the present case a clamping sleeve or clamping sleeve, for clamping a hollow cylindrical tool according to a third embodiment. Here, too, reference is made to the previous statements on the tensioning element 1 according to the first embodiment.

In the tensioning element 1 according to the third embodiment, a first end section of the connecting element 6, which is on the outside in relation to the radial direction R, has a central section, in relation to the circumferential direction U, of the clamping surface segment 4 and a second end section is in relation to the Radial direction R on the inside - of the connecting element 6 connected to a central section of the support surface segment 5, based on the circumferential direction U. A first end section of the connecting element 7 - on the outside in relation to the radial direction R - is connected to a central section - in relation to the circumferential direction U - of the clamping surface segment 4 and a second end section - on the inside in relation to the radial direction R - of the connecting element 7 connected to a central section - based on the circumferential direction U - of the adjacent support surface segment 5. As a result, the clamping surface 3 can be widened overall, in particular in the circumferential direction U, as can be seen in FIG Workpiece or tool reduced.

The clamping element 1 is in turn provided for clamping a workpiece or tool from the inside and has a receiving space or a reservoir 14 for a lubricant.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show a clamping element 1 for clamping a cylindrical workpiece or tool according to a fourth embodiment, which is used to clamp a workpiece from the outside. The support surface 2 or the support surface segments 5 are thus formed on an outside of the clamping element 1, the clamping surface 3 or the clamping surface segments 4 on an inside of the clamping element 1. A support that acts on the support surface 2 or the support surface segments 5 during the clamping process - surface pressing force F _A acts radially inwards. The clamping surface pressing force Fs acting on the clamping surface 3 or the clamping surface segments 4 via the connecting elements 6, 7 is also directed inwards. For the rest, reference is made to the statements made above.

In FIGS. 11 and 12 and in FIGS. 13 and 14, clamping elements 1 designed as collet chucks for clamping a workpiece or tool according to a fifth or sixth embodiment are shown. The term collet generally means, for example, clamping elements according to DIN ISO 15488. The collets have a smaller dimension in a direction Z, which is axial to the central axis M, than the previously described clamping sleeves. The clamping element 1 according to FIGS. 11 and 12 is designed for clamping a workpiece, in particular a hollow cylindrical workpiece, from the inside, the clamping element 1 according to FIGS. 13 and 14 for clamping a workpiece, especially a cylindrical workpiece, from the outside. In the present case, the support surfaces 2 are wedge-shaped in longitudinal section, so a dimension of the support surface body 11 in the radial direction R increases from one end face of the clamping element 1 to the other end face of the clamping element 1. For the rest, reference is made to the statements made above.

In the embodiments described above, the connecting elements 6, 7 are oriented at an angle to one another and in opposite directions, ie when a force is generated or occurring in the circumferential direction U, one of the connecting elements 6, 7 stands up, the other lies flat. Furthermore, the connecting elements 6, 7 are oriented at an angle m with respect to the clamping surface segments 4 and the supporting surface segments 5. In FIGS. 15 to 22, further embodiments of a clamping element 1 are shown in cross section.

15 and 16 show clamping elements 1 in which the two connecting elements 6, 7 connecting a clamping surface segment 4 with two connecting elements 6, 7 connecting adjacent support surface segments 5 in the circumferential direction U are oriented parallel to one another. The clamping element 1 according to a seventh embodiment in FIG. 15 has a division of 20, the clamping element 1 according to an eighth embodiment in FIG. 16 has a division of 30.

In the embodiments described above, the connecting elements 6, 7 each have a straight course. The clamping element 1 in a ninth embodiment according to FIG. 17 now comprises connecting elements 6, 7 which have a curved course between the support surface segment 5 and the clamping surface segment 4.

18 and 19 show further clamping elements 1 according to a tenth and eleventh embodiment, in which the connecting elements 6, 7 at an angle to one another, in the present case - starting from the support surface segments 5 with the formation of an acute angle in the radial direction R outwards - and under formation of an angle m with respect to the support surface segments 5, in the present case each at an angle of 4.5 ° or 18 ° with respect to the support surface segment 5 - Increase the force during the clamping process and a subsequent processing, since the connecting elements 6, 7 straighten up and thus oppose the acting force.

In the clamping element 1 (twelfth embodiment) shown in FIG. 20, the connecting elements 6, 7 are oriented parallel to one another and each at an angle with respect to the support surface segments 5 and the clamping surface segments 4. If during the clamping process or in particular during the machining of a clamped with the clamping element 1 Workpiece a force is generated or occurs in the circumferential direction U, both connecting elements 6, 7 stand up and tension, in this case with a counterclockwise force or rotation acting in the direction of inclination, or lie flat and do not tension, in this case with a force or Clockwise rotation and thus counter to the direction of inclination.

21 shows a clamping element for clamping a workpiece from the inside according to a thirteenth embodiment, in which the clamping surface 3 has the shape of a polygon in cross section, in the present case a triangle with rounded corners. With such a clamping element 1, workpieces can be clamped which have an inner surface deviating from a hollow cylindrical shape.

22 shows a clamping element for clamping a workpiece from the outside according to a fourteenth embodiment, in which the clamping surface 3 has the shape of a polygon, in the present case a square, in cross section. With such a clamping element 1, workpieces can be clamped which have an outer surface in the form of a square.

23 to 27 show clamping elements 1 according to a fifteenth to nineteenth embodiment for clamping a workpiece with external toothing (FIG. 23) or internal toothing (FIGS. 24 to 27). In this case, the outer sides of the connecting elements 6, 7 advantageously at least partially form a further clamping surface 15 which faces the workpiece. During the clamping process, the clamping sleeve deforms in such a way that the clamping surface 15 engages in the internal toothing of the workpiece and, in the clamped state, additional clamping is generated not only in the opposite direction or in the radial direction R, but also in the circumferential direction U. Due to the spaced-apart support surface segments 5, which form a gap 9 between them, a geometry of the clamping surface 15, for example an orientation along a circle with a radius R ₃ or also along an involute, allows an expansion of the clamping element 1 or . of the connecting elements 6, 7 not only in the radial direction R, but also in the circumferential direction U, so that the Clamping surface 15 and an internal toothing of the workpiece can be brought into contact with one another.

23 shows a clamping element 1 for clamping a workpiece 101 with external teeth from the outside. The clamping surface 15 of two connecting elements 6, 7 connecting a clamping surface segment 4 with two supporting surface segments 5 adjacent in the circumferential direction U and the clamping surface 3 of the clamping surface segment 4 form a common cylinder with a radius R _{3 extending in the axial direction Z} oriented clamping surface that engages in the toothing of the workpiece 101. A section of the clamping element 1 delimited by the clamping surface 15 of the connecting elements 6, 7 and the clamping surface 3 of the clamping surface segment 4 is in the present case designed as a solid body, whereby the stability of the clamping element 1 is increased.

The clamping elements 1 shown in FIGS. 24 and 25 serve to clamp a workpiece 101 with internal toothing from the inside. Here, too, the clamping surface 15 of two connecting elements 6, 7 connecting a clamping surface segment 4 with two supporting surface segments 5 adjacent in the circumferential direction U and the clamping surface 3 of the clamping surface segment 4 form a common cylinder with a radius extending in the axial direction Z R ₃ oriented clamping surface which engages in the toothing of the workpiece 101. According to FIG. 25, a section of the clamping element 1 bounded by the clamping surface 15 of the connecting elements 6, 7 and the clamping surface 3 of the clamping surface segment 4 is only partially filled or designed as a hollow profile, according to FIG. 24 the bounded section is a solid body educated. As a result, the clamping element 1 according to FIG. 25 is softer than the clamping element 1 according to FIG. 24 or counteracts a deformation during the clamping process less strongly.

FIGS. 26 and 27 show clamping elements 1 for clamping a workpiece 101 with internal toothing from the inside, the clamping surfaces 15 of the connecting elements 6, 7 which engage in the toothing of the workpiece 101 Have the shape of an involute. The section delimited by the clamping surfaces 15 of adjacent connecting elements 6, 7 and the clamping surface 3 of the clamping surface segment can in turn be designed as a solid body (FIG. 26) or only partially filled (FIG. 27).

FIG. 28 to FIG. 30 show, as a further, twentieth embodiment, a clamping element 1 which is twisted in the axial direction Z. The axial end sections of the clamping surface segments 4 spaced apart from one another in the axial direction, the axial end sections of the support surface segments 5 spaced apart from one another in the axial direction Z and the axial end sections of the connecting element 6, 7 spaced apart in the axial direction Z are relative to the central longitudinal axis or central axis M are offset from one another in the circumferential direction U by a twist angle o.

FIGS. 31 to 34 schematically show a clamping device 100 with a clamping element 1 designed as a collet chuck according to FIGS. 11 and 12 in an unclamped state (FIGS. 31 and 32) and in a clamped state (FIGS. 33 and 34) for clamping (or: non-positive holding) of a workpiece 101, in the present case for clamping a workpiece 101 from the inside. The clamping device 100 further comprises a clamping body 104 with a support surface 106 formed on an outer surface or jacket surface or outer wall of the clamping body 104.

The clamping surface 3 for frictional connection or clamping on a counter-clamping surface 103 of the workpiece 101 is formed by several clamping surface segments 4 on an outer surface or jacket surface or outer wall of the clamping element 1. In the unstressed state (FIGS. 31, 32), the clamping surface 3 or the clamping surface segments 4 are spaced apart from the counter-clamping surface 103.

By means of a displacement element (not shown), the clamping element 1 is moved axially by means of an insertion force FES, which acts in the Z direction or axially to the central axis M, and is thereby simultaneously deformed radially outward or excited. During this axial movement, the support surfaces 2 of the clamping element 1 slide on the support surface 106 of the clamping body 104, which leads to an expansion of the clamping element 1 until its clamping surface 3 or the clamping surface segments 4 rest on the counter-clamping surface 103 of the workpiece 101 and then via a radial support surface. Pressing force FA between the support surface 106 and the support surface segments 5, a clamping surface pressing force Fs acting on the clamping surface segments 4 is generated. This in turn results in the tensioned state (FIGS. 33, 34) in a tension force FR, which builds up between the counter tension surface 103 and the two or more tension surface segments 4.

In order to enable the radial expansion of the clamping element 1 during the clamping process when clamping a workpiece, the clamping surface segment 4 and the connecting element 6 or the clamping surface segment 4 and the connecting element 7 are each about a direction that is axial to the central axis M Z-extending pivot axis S pivotable to one another by a pivot angle, as shown in FIG. The pivot angle En is greater in a tensioned state II (solid line) of the clamping element 1 than the pivot angle ei in an untensioned state I (dashed line) of the tensioning element 1.

The support surface segment 5 and the connecting element 6 or the support surface segment 5 and the connecting element 7 are each pivotable about a pivot axis S extending in a direction Z axially to the central axis M by a pivot angle, the pivot angle hp in the present case in one The tensioned state II of the tensioning element 1 is greater than the pivot angle hi in an untensioned state I of the tensioning element 1.

When a workpiece is clamped from the outside (not shown), the pivot angle between the clamping surface segment 4 and the connecting element 6 or the clamping surface segment 4 and the connecting element 7 is in one The tensioned state of the tensioning element 1 is smaller than the pivot angle in an untensioned condition of the tensioning element 1. Similarly, the pivoting angle between the support surface segment 5 and the connecting element 6 or the support surface segment 5 and the connecting element 7 in a tensioned state of the tensioning element 1 is smaller than the pivot angle in an untensioned state of the tensioning element 1.

36 to 38, a clamping surface 3 or a clamping surface segment 4, two connecting elements 6, 7 and two support surfaces 2 or Abstützflä chensegmente 5 and the forces acting for a workpiece clamped from the inside are shown again separately in a cross-sectional view. An effective direction of the radial support surface pressing force FA and an effective direction of the clamping surface pressing force Fs are offset by a pressing force angle g in the circumferential direction U. An effective direction of the radial support surface pressing force FA and an effective direction of the resulting clamping force FR when clamping a workpiece or tool are offset by a clamping force angle d in the circumferential direction U. The clamping surface 3 or the clamping surface segment 4 have, for example, a convex curvature. However, it is also conceivable that the curvature of the clamping surface 3 or the clamping surface segment 4 is variable or changeable over its width in the circumferential direction and the clamping surface 3 or the clamping surface segment 4 has, for example, convex and concave curved sections, i.e. a "wave-shaped" course shows.

39, which shows a longitudinal section of a clamping device 100 for clamping (or: frictional holding) a workpiece 101 indicated by dashed dotted lines, the principle of the clamping process is explained for clamping elements 1 that have a buttress thread.

The clamping device 100 comprises, in a clamping area 102 in which the clamping forces for clamping the workpiece 101 are made available or generated, a clamping element 1 with a clamping element 1 with one that is directed or pointing outward in the radial direction R or is arranged on an outer surface or jacket surface or outer wall Clamping surface 3, which is used for the frictional Connecting or clamping rests against a counter-clamping surface 103 of the workpiece 101, and with a clamping body 104 for clamping the clamping element 1 by exerting a clamping force on the clamping surface 3 and counter-clamping surface 103 central axis M of the tensioning device 100 and arranged coaxially to the tensioning body 104 around it or surrounding it.

Furthermore, the clamping device 100 comprises a shaft part 105 for connecting or coupling to a drive unit (not shown) in a manner known per se.

The clamping force is generated by means of at least one support element or a support surface 106 on an outer surface or jacket surface or outer wall of the clamping body 104 and at least one corresponding or interacting support element or a support surface 2 or two or more support surface segments 5 on an inner surface or radially inwardly directed inner wall of the clamping element 1.

The support surfaces 106 and support surface segments 5 have partial surfaces inclined in a wedge-shaped or sawtooth-like manner to the central longitudinal axis M of the clamping device 100 or the clamping body 104 and the clamping element 1.

A mechanical clamping element 108 can be displaced axially or linearly in a clamping movement direction ES parallel to the central longitudinal axis M in the Z direction, for example via a threaded pin 109, so that it can be moved axially or linearly via surface contact or after stopping an end-face thrust surface 110 The end face 111 of the clamping element 1 also moves the clamping element 1 linearly in the clamping movement direction ES. The clamping element 108 and the threaded pin 109 together form an example of a displacement element.

The workpiece 101 arranged around the clamping element 1 is held axially in position by a stop on an annular body 112. It will Clamping element 1 is now linearly displaced in the clamping movement direction ES, so the support surface or surfaces 2 or support surface segments 5 of the clamping element 1 slide or slide on the support element (s) or support surfaces 106 of the clamping body 104. This leads to an expansion of the clamping element 1 to a level at which its clamping surface 3 or the clamping surface segments 4 abut against the counter-clamping surface 103 of the workpiece 101 and then via a radial support surface pressing force F _A between the support surfaces 106 and the support surface segments 5 on the Clamping surface segments 4 acting clamping surface pressing force Fs is generated. This in turn results in a clamping force F _R , which builds up between the counter-clamping surface 103 and the two or more clamping surface segments 4 and which acts from the workpiece 101 in the direction of the clamping element 1 and creates a non-positive connection of the workpiece 101.

Alternatively, the clamping body 104 can also be displaced axially relative to the clamping element 1 by means of the clamping element 108.

The support surfaces 2 of the clamping element 1 have a buttress thread, as is also shown enlarged in FIG. The support surfaces 2 are thus along a helical line or as or like a thread section which runs with a predetermined pitch P _SG around the central axis and at the same time at an angle of inclination a to a direction Z axial to the central axis M or to a direction Z about the central axis M. running imaginary cylinder surface is inclined. A support surface 106 of the clamping body 104 is also along a helical line or as or like a thread section which runs with a predetermined pitch P _SG around the central axis M and at the same time at an angle of inclination α to a direction Z which is axial to the central axis M is inclined, formed.

The mode of operation of the sawtooth-shaped support surfaces 106, 2 is further explained below with reference to FIG. 40, which shows the principle of tension or flattening in the manner of a sawtooth thread in a longitudinal section in the axial direction, which principle also applies to all others Embodiments is transferable or applicable according to the invention. In the example in FIG. 40, a workpiece 101 is clamped by being acted upon from the inside by means of a clamping sleeve 1 by a clamping surface pressing force Fs, analogous to a clamping mandrel. The reverse clamping from the outside to the inside by means of a clamping sleeve surrounding the workpiece or tool from the outside is of course also possible, in particular as a chuck.

The tensioning element 1 is moved axially by means of an insertion force F _ES , which acts in the Z direction or axially to the central axis M, and is thereby at the same time deformed or tensioned radially outward. For this purpose, one or more wedge-shaped support surface sections 112A of one or more support surface segments 5 of the clamping element 1, which are directed at an angle of inclination a to the axial direction or parallel to the central axis M, are on one or more correspondingly at the angle of inclination a in longitudinal section inclined support surface (s) sections 113A of the support surface 106 of the clamping body 104 and slide along this or it at the angle of inclination α. In a rest state or in a released or unstressed state, the radially or approximately radially extending end surface (s) 112B of the support surface or segments 5 can abut with end surface (s) 113B of the adjacent support surface 106 and the support surfaces 112A and 113A also be slightly spaced apart, that is, they do not lie on top of one another or be arranged with play to one another. In the state shown, however, the end surfaces 112B are displaced from the corresponding end surfaces 113B by the action of the clamping force FES by a displacement path ΔZ in the Z direction and, due to the inclination by the inclination angle α, the support surface or surfaces are 2 or support surface segments 5 wandered or pushed on the support element (s) 106 radially outward by the radial path (or: deflection) ΔR, the radial path ΔR being assigned to the axial path ΔZ depending on the angle of inclination a corresponding to ΔR = ΔZ tan a.

As a result of this radial movement or deflection or expansion by the radial path ΔR outwards, the entire clamping element 1 is tensioned or deflected or expanded outwards by ΔR and thereby exercises the clamping surface Pressing force F _s , which finally acts as a clamping force F _R between the workpiece 101 on the opposing clamping surfaces 3 or clamping surface segments 4 and the counter-clamping surface 103, which physically as a result of the deformation and elastic restoring forces between the clamping element 1 and workpiece 101 and the Act actio = reactio builds up. At the same time, an axial force component F _{z is} exerted, which increases the torque and rigidity that can be transmitted.

So that the clamping element 1 can be easily mounted on the clamping body 104 without deformation or a two-part or multi-part construction and the support surfaces 2 or support surface segments 5 can be positioned over the support surface 106 in the Z-direction Embodiment, the support elements or support surfaces 106, 2 are each designed or arranged in the form of a thread or along a helical line or helix, the pitch P _{SG of} which corresponds to the distances between the support elements or support surfaces 106, 2 in the longitudinal section of FIG. speaks. In addition to the wedge-shaped or sawtooth-like shape of the support surface (s), different shapes are also possible, in particular also support elements or support surfaces that are curved or provided with several flat surfaces.

In the embodiments shown and described with reference to FIGS. 39 and 40, the workpiece 101 is clamped from the inside, ie the clamping device 100 protrudes through the workpiece 101. Such a clamping device is also called a clamping mandrel. Alternatively, a workpiece or tool can also be clamped from the outside, ie the clamping device surrounds the workpiece or tool. Such a clamping device is also called a chuck. Here the clamping surfaces and support elements are reversed in their order in the radial direction compared to a clamping mandrel according to FIG. 39 and FIG. 40, ie the order from outside to inside now becomes the order from inside to outside. A clamping body 204 is shown in FIGS. 41 and 42, which in the present case is provided for clamping a workpiece or tool from the inside. A support surface facing the clamping element 1 during the clamping process is thus formed on the outside of the clamping body 204 and in a central longitudinal section 202 (clamping area). The middle longitudinal section 202 has several grooves 214 running in the axial direction Z and parallel to one another for receiving several support surface segments 5 of a clamping element 1 and several support surface segments 206 running in the axial direction Z and parallel to one another, each extending over the entire central longitudinal section 202 extend. The grooves 214 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction U and the side surfaces flanking the grooves 214 in each case extend, starting from the bottom surface, at an angle different from 90 °. The support surface segments 206 have partial surfaces inclined in a wedge-shaped or sawtooth-like manner to the central longitudinal axis M of the clamping body 104. In the circumferential direction U in each case neighboring, sawtooth-like partial surfaces are thus arranged in the axial direction Z on the same axial section. A front longitudinal section 215 of the clamping body 204 has a stop surface 216 for the clamping element 1. A rear longitudinal section 217 has a thread 218 onto which an axial adjusting element or displacement element 208 can be screwed.

43 shows an exploded view of a clamping device 200 with the previously described clamping body 204, a clamping element 1 of the previously described embodiments, for example the clamping element 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2, a locking element 210, in this case a feather key, and an axial adjusting element 208 The tensioning device 200 can comprise further components, for example a shaft part for connecting or coupling to a drive unit known per se, which are not explicitly shown here.

To clamp a workpiece or tool, the clamping element 1 is first pushed onto the clamping body 204 in the axial direction Z, the support surface segments 5 being inserted into and into the grooves 214 slide along until the tensioning element 1 is in an axial end position with its front side in contact with the stop surface 216 of the front longitudinal section 215. During this insertion process (change position - FIG. 44), the support surface segments 5 are arranged in the complementary grooves 214 and are displaceable in the axial direction Z. The support surface segments 206 of the clamping body 204 are guided within the gap 9 formed between the connecting elements 6, 7 and the clamping surface segment 4 of the clamping element 1 during the insertion device. The clamping element 1 is then rotated about the central longitudinal axis M in the direction of the arrow D, in this case by an angular range of approximately 10 to 15 °, so that the support surface segments 5 of the clamping element 1 and the support surface segments 206 of the clamping body 204 fit together Are brought into contact and are arranged one behind the other in the radial direction R. In a next step, the locking element 210 is inserted into one of the grooves 214 as a rotation lock (locking position - FIG. 45). In order to adjust and fix the clamping element 1 in the axial direction, the axial adjusting element 208 is then screwed onto the thread 218 of the rear longitudinal section 217 and the workpiece or tool can be clamped.

List of reference symbols

1 clamping element

2 support surface

3 clamping surface

4 clamping surface segment

5 support surface segment

6 connecting element

7 connecting element

8 gap

9 gap

10 clamping flat bodies

11 support planes

12 clamping surface area

13 Support surface area

14 reservoir

15 Clamping surface of the connecting element

100 jig

101 workpiece

102 Clamping range

103 Counter-clamping surface of the workpiece

104 clamping body

105 shaft part

106 Support surface of the clamping body

108 clamping element

109 grub screw

110 thrust area

111 face of the clamping element

112A wedge-shaped support surface section

112B end face of the support surface

113A wedge-shaped clamping surface section

113B End face of the clamping surface 200 jig

202 clamping range

204 clamping body

206 support surface segments of the clamping body

208 clamping element

210 locking element

214 groove

215 anterior longitudinal section

216 stop surface

217 rear longitudinal section

218 thread

U circumferential direction

F _A radial support surface pressing force

F _S clamping surface pressing force

F _R resulting clamping force

F _ES insertion force

Fz axial force component

M central longitudinal axis

ES direction of clamping movement

R radial direction

Z axial direction

P _SG slope

ΔZ displacement

ΔR radial path α angle of inclination β angle of offset

Υ pressing force angle δ clamping force angle

S swivel axis ε swivel angle η swivel angle μ Angle between connecting elements 6, 7 and support surfaces segment σ angle of twist

R ₁ , ₂ , R ₃ radius

Claims

1. Clamping element (1), in particular clamping sleeve or collet, for a clamping device (100) for clamping a workpiece (101) or a tool, wherein a) the clamping element (1) is oriented around at least one central axis (M), b) the clamping element (1) has at least one clamping surface (3) for the workpiece (101) or tool and at least one support surface (2) facing away from the clamping surface (3) for supporting on a support surface (106) of a clamping body (104) the clamping device (100), c) the clamping surface (3) of the clamping element (1) of two or more

Clamping surface segments (4) are formed which are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction (U) around the central axis (M), d) the support surface (2) of the clamping element (1) is formed by two or more support surface segments (5) which are in the circumferential direction (U) are spaced apart from one another around the central axis (M), e) the clamping surface segments (4) and the support surface segments (5) are spaced apart in the radial direction (R), f) each one clamping surface segment (4) via two connecting elements ( 6, 7) is connected to two supporting surface segments (5) adjacent in the circumferential direction (U), and g) at least one clamping surface segment (4) and at least one connected to the clamping surface segment (4) via a connecting element (6, 7) Support surface segment (5) are arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction (U) by an offset angle (β), whereby an effective direction of a on the support surface segment (5) of the clamping element (1) in

_{Radial support surface pressing force (F A} ) acting in the radial direction (R) _{and a direction of action of a clamping surface pressing force (F S} ) acting on the clamping surface segment (4) of the clamping element (1) both in the radial direction (R) and in the circumferential direction (U) ) by a pressing force angle (g) and / or an effective direction of both in the radial direction (R) and in

Circumferential direction (U) acting clamping surface pressing force (F _S ) and a _{The effective direction of a clamping force (F R} ) acting on the clamping surface segment (4) of the clamping element (1) are offset by a clamping force angle (d) in the circumferential direction (U).

Clamping element (1) according to claim 1, with at least one or a combination of the following features: M) in the axial direction (Z) and / or in the circumferential direction (U), b) at least one of the two or more clamping surface segments (4) of the clamping element (1), which are spaced apart in the circumferential direction (U), each extends in one direction to the central Axis (M) in the axial direction (Z) and / or in the circumferential direction (U).

Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting elements (6, 7) are designed as webs which extend in a direction (Z) which is axial to the central axis (M), and wherein in each case a clamping surface segment (4) is connected via two webs with two adjacent support surface segments (5) in the circumferential direction (U).

Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with at least one or any combination of the following features: a) a first, outer or inner end section of the connecting element (6, 7) is connected to a peripheral end section of the Clamping surface segment (4) and a second, outer or inner end section of the connecting element (6, 7) is connected to a peripheral end section of the support surface segment (5), b) a first, outer or inner end section of the connecting element tes (6, 7) is with a peripheral end portion of the clamping surface segment tes (4) and a second, outer or inner end section of the connecting element (6, 7) is connected to a central section of the support surface segment (5), c) a first, outer or inner end section of the connecting element (6, 7) ) is connected to a central section of the clamping surface segment (4) and a second, outer or inner end section of the connecting element (6, 7) is connected to a peripheral end section of the support surface segment (5), d) a first, outer or inner end section of the connecting element (6, 7) is connected to a central section of the clamping surface segment (4) and a second, outer or inner end section of the connecting element (6, 7) is connected to a central section of the supporting surface segment (5).

Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the connecting elements (6, 7) has a straight course relative to a cross section to the axial direction (Z) between the support surface segment (5) and the clamping surface segment (4) has an at least partially curved course.

Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the axial direction (Z) spaced apart axial end sections of a clamping surface segment (4) and / or in the axial direction (Z) spaced apart axial end sections of a support surface segment (5) and / or in Axial end sections of a connecting element (6, 7) spaced apart from one another in the axial direction (Z) are offset from one another by an angle of twist (o) in the circumferential direction (U) with respect to the central axis (M).

Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two of the one clamping surface segment (4) with two in the circumferential direction device (U) adjacent support surface segments (5) connecting connecting elements (6, 7) are designed according to at least one or any combination of the following features: a) the connecting elements (6, 7) are in an axial to the central axis (M) Direction (Z) oriented parallel to one another, b) the connecting elements (6, 7) are oriented at an angle to one another in a direction (Z) which is axial to the central axis (M), c) the connecting elements (6, 7) are oriented in one direction central axis (M) in the axial direction (Z) at an angle (m) with respect to the clamping surface segment (4) and / or the support surface segment (5).

8. Clamping element (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, in particular clamping sleeve or collet, for a clamping device (100) for clamping a workpiece (101) or a tool, wherein a) the clamping element (1) by at least a central axis (M) is oriented, b) the clamping element (1) has at least one clamping surface (3) for the workpiece (101) or tool and at least one support surface (2) facing away from the clamping surface (3) for supporting on a Has support surface (106) of a clamping body (104) of the clamping device (100), c) the clamping surface (3) of the clamping element (1) is formed by two or more clamping surface segments (4), which in the circumferential direction (U) around the central Axis (M) are spaced from one another, d) the support surface (2) of the clamping element (1) is formed by two or more support surface segments (5) which are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction (U) around the central axis (M), e) the clamping surface segments (4) and the Ab support surface segments (5) are spaced apart from one another in the radial direction (R), f) each clamping surface segment (4) is connected via two connecting elements (6, 7) to two support surface segments (5) adjacent in the circumferential direction (U), g) at least one clamping surface segment (4) and at least one supporting surface segment (5) connected to the clamping surface segment (4) via a connecting element (6, 7) are arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction (U) by an offset angle (β), wherein the connecting elements (6, 7) are oriented in a direction (Z) which is axial to the central axis (M) at an angle (p) with respect to the clamping surface segment (4) and / or the support surface segment (5).

9. Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with at least one or any combination of the following features: a) at least one of the clamping surface segments (4) comprises one in the radial direction (R) and / or in one to the central axis (M) and / or in the circumferential direction (U) axial direction (Z) extending clamping surface body (10), wherein one surface of the clamping surface body (10) forms the clamping surface (3), b) at least one of the support surface segments (5 ) comprises a support surface body (11) extending in the radial direction and / or in a direction (Z) axial to the central axis (M) and / or in the circumferential direction (U), one surface of the support surface body (11) being the support surface ( 2) trains.

10. Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two of the support surface segments (5) and / or at least two of the clamping surface segments (4) in the circumferential direction (U) each with the formation of one in a central axis ( M) the gap (8, 9) extending in the axial direction (Z) are spaced apart from one another.

11. Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims with at least one or any combination of the following features: a) at least one on one end face of the clamping element (1) arranged axial end section of the clamping surface segment has one in one to central axis (M) axial direction (Z) and in a direction (R) perpendicular to the central axis (M) oriented clamping surface area (12), b) at least one on one end face of the clamping element (1) arranged axial end section of the The support surface segment has a support surface region (13) oriented in a direction (Z) which is axial to the central axis (M) and in a direction (R) perpendicular to the central axis (M).

12. Clamping element (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one clamping surface segment (4), two connecting elements (6, 7) connecting the clamping surface segment (4) with two supporting surface segments (5) adjacent in the circumferential direction (U) and the two support surface segments (5) adjacent in the circumferential direction (U) enclose a receiving space (14) between them which contains a lubricant or into which a lubricant can be introduced.

13. Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the connecting elements (6, 7) at least partially forms a clamping surface (15) facing the workpiece (101) or tool for the workpiece (101) or the tool.

14. Clamping element (1) according to claim 13, wherein the clamping surface (15) of two connecting elements (6, 7) and the clamping surface (3) of the connecting elements (6, 7) connecting a clamping surface segment (4) with two in the circumferential direction (U) adjacent support surface segments (5) Clamping surface segment (4) form a common clamping surface oriented along a cylinder with a radius (R ₃ ) extending in the axial direction (Z), or the clamping surface (15) of two one clamping surface segment (4) with two in the circumferential direction (U) connecting elements (6, 7) connecting adjacent support surface segments (5) and the clamping surface (3) of the clamping surface segment (4) form the shape of an involute toothing.

15. Clamping element (1) according to claim 14, wherein at least one of the clamping surface (15) of the connecting elements (6, 7) and the clamping surface (3) of the clamping surface segment (4) delimited sections of the clamping element (1) as a hollow profile or Solid body is formed.

16. Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the clamping surface (3) has the shape of a circle or a polygon or a polygon relative to a cross section to the axial direction (Z).

17. Clamping element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support surface (2) of the clamping element (1) runs along a helical line or as or like a threaded section with a predetermined pitch (P _SG ) around the central axis (M) and at the same time is inclined at an angle of inclination (a) to a direction (Z) which is axial to the central axis (M) or to an imaginary cylinder surface running around the central axis (M).

18. Clamping body (104, 204) for a clamping device (100, 200), wherein the clamping body (104, 204) is oriented around at least one central axis (M), and wherein a longitudinal section (202) of the clamping body (104, 204) on an inner or outer surface two or more grooves (214) running parallel to the central axis (M) in the axial direction (Z) and two or more grooves (214) formed between the grooves (214) and parallel to the central axis (M) has support surface segments (206) running in the axial direction (Z), the grooves (214) for receiving a support surface segment (5) of the clamping element (1) when the clamping body (104, 204) moves in the axial direction (Z) ) and / or clamping element (1) is provided.

19. Clamping body (104, 204) according to claim 18, wherein the grooves (214) extend at least over that longitudinal section (202) of the clamping body (104, 204) which cooperates with the clamping element (1) during the clamping process.

20. Clamping body (104, 204) according to one of claims 18 or 19, the number and shape of the grooves (214) being designed to be complementary to a number and shape of the support surface segments (5) of the clamping element (1).

21. Clamping body (104, 204) according to one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the grooves (214) are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction (U). 22. Clamping body (104, 204) according to one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the longitudinal section (202) is a central longitudinal section of the clamping body (104, 204).

23. Clamping body (104, 204) according to one of claims 18 to 22, wherein a in the axial direction (Z) front longitudinal section (215) of the clamping body

(104, 204) is widened in the radial direction (R) with respect to the central longitudinal section (202) and forms a stop surface (216) for the tensioning element (1). 24. Clamping body (104, 204) according to one of claims 18 to 23, wherein a longitudinal section (217) of the clamping body (104, 204) at the rear in the axial direction (Z) has a thread or a thread section ( 218) for screwing on an axial adjusting or sliding element (208).

25. Clamping body (104, 204) according to one of claims 18 to 24, wherein side surfaces flanking the groove (214) extend perpendicularly starting from the bottom surface of the groove or form an angle with the bottom surface.

26. A clamping device (100, 200) for clamping a workpiece (101) or a tool comprising a) at least one clamping body (104, 204), in particular according to one of claims 18 to 25, b) at least one clamping element (1), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 17.

27. Clamping device (100, 200) according to claim 26, comprising a locking element (210) which can be pushed into a groove (214) of the clamping body (104, 204) for the rotational fixing of the clamping element (1). 28. A method for clamping a workpiece or tool, with a clamping element (1), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 17 and with a clamping body (104, 204), in particular according to one of claims 18 to 25, and in particular with a Clamping device (100, 200) according to one of claims 26 or 27, comprising at least the following steps:

- Introducing the two or more support surface segments (5) of the tensioning element (1) into the two or more grooves (214) of the tensioning body (104, 204) and pushing on or pushing in the tensioning element (1) relative to the tensioning body (104) , 204) in the axial direction (Z) up to an axial end position,

- Rotation of the clamping element (1) relative to the clamping body (104, 204) about the central axis (M), so that the support surface segments (5) of the clamping element (1) and the support surface segments (106, 206) of the clamping body (104, 204) with one another are brought into contact and / or are arranged one behind the other, in particular in the radial direction (R),

- Clamping the workpiece or tool.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein after the rotation of the clamping element (1) a locking element (210) is introduced into at least one of the grooves (214) in order to rotate the clamping element (1) on the clamping body (104, 204) to be fixed.

30. The method according to any one of claims 28 or 29, wherein an axial adjustment or displacement element (208) is screwed onto the clamping body (104, 204) before and / or for clamping the workpiece or tool.