DE102020001598A1 - Trucks with an electrically powered front axle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a truck (100), preferably a semitrailer tractor, dump truck or concrete mixer truck, with an installation (10), the installation (10) being designed to accommodate a vehicle driver and / or to control an autonomous driving operation of the truck ( 100) and a front axle (1) with preferably steerable front wheels. The truck (100) is particularly characterized in that it comprises at least one electric motor (2, 3) for electrically driving the front wheels and the at least one electric motor (2, 3) is arranged under the installation (10).

Description

The invention relates to a truck, e.g. B. a tractor, a dump truck or a concrete mixer truck (in particular with a mixing drum), in particular with an electrically driven front axle, preferably at least one electric motor for electrically driving the front wheels of the truck.

Trucks such as B. dump trucks usually have a front axle and at least one rear axle. The rear axle is usually driven by means of an internal combustion engine. Driven front axles are also known, depending on the area of application. Is known here z. B. to drive the driven front axles via wheel hub hydraulic motors. It is also known to drive the driven front axles via a cardan shaft, which is usually connected to an internal combustion engine via a transfer case.

One object of the invention is to create a truck with an alternative and / or improved drive concept.

This problem can be solved with the features of the main claim. Advantageous developments of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims and the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention.

The invention relates to a truck, preferably a tractor unit, a dump truck or a concrete mixer truck (in particular with a mixer drum).

The truck comprises a front axle with front wheels, preferably steerable front wheels.

The truck also includes an installation (e.g. a driver's cab, a cockpit, a platform, etc.), preferably for receiving a vehicle driver and / or for controlling an autonomous driving mode of the truck.

The installation can e.g. B. be a pulpit and / or platform for manual control (especially driving, especially steering, etc.) of the truck. In this case, the installation can include a driver's cab for a vehicle driver.

The installation can e.g. B. be a pulpit, a module and / or a platform for controlling an autonomous driving operation of the truck. Here, the truck z. B. be a self-propelled truck (e.g. a robotic truck). In this case, a driver's cab can optionally be omitted.

The truck control platform can e.g. B. serve to accommodate a vehicle driver (and thus, for example. Include a driver's cab), so that the truck z. B. can be a manually-drivable truck. Alternatively or in addition, the truck control platform can be used in particular to control an autonomous driving mode of the truck, so that the truck z. B. can be an autonomously drivable (self-driving) truck, preferably without a cab to accommodate a vehicle driver.

The truck can e.g. B. be a manually-drivable truck (z. B. with a driver's cab) and / or a self-propelled truck (expediently with or without a driver's cab).

The truck is particularly characterized in that it comprises at least one electric motor for electrically driving the front wheels and the at least one electric motor is arranged under the installation.

The truck expediently comprises at least one electric motor for electrically driving a left front wheel and for electrically driving a right front wheel.

It is possible for the at least one electric motor to be mounted (expediently indirectly or directly) on the front axle, preferably in order to be carried by the front axle.

The at least one electric motor can, for. B. cantilevered from the front axle.

The at least one electric motor can also, for. B. be firmly connected to the chassis of the truck and z. B. be positioned independently of the front axle.

The at least one electric motor (in particular its drive axle) can, for. B. be aligned substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the truck.

However, it is also possible for the at least one electric motor (in particular its drive axle) to be aligned essentially parallel to the front axle (and thus in particular essentially in the transverse direction of the truck).

The front axle can, for. B. be designed as a rigid axle or with an independent suspension for the front wheels.

The front axle preferably extends essentially in the transverse direction of the truck. The longitudinal direction of the front axle can thus preferably essentially correspond to the transverse direction of the truck.

It is possible that the at least one electric motor (expediently indirectly or directly) is mounted on a chassis (e.g. a self-supporting body, a ladder frame-shaped chassis or a tubular space frame construction, in particular a longitudinal or transverse beam construction thereof) of the truck, preferably by to be carried on the chassis.

The at least one electric motor can, for. B. cantilevered freely from the chassis.

It is possible for the installation, in particular the driver's cab, and / or the truck to include a self-supporting body.

The truck can thus be used as a chassis, for. B. have a self-supporting body, but also z. B. a space frame structure or a ladder frame-shaped chassis.

The at least one electric motor can, for. B (expediently indirectly or directly) to be mounted on the self-supporting body, preferably in order to be supported by the self-supporting body.

The at least one electric motor can, however, also (expediently indirectly or directly) at z. B. a space frame structure or a longitudinal and / or cross member of a preferably ladder frame-shaped chassis can be mounted.

The assembly is preferably carried out (expediently indirectly or directly) on a longitudinal or transverse support structure of the chassis.

It is possible that the at least one electric motor is mounted on the front axle and / or on the chassis (expediently indirectly or directly).

It is possible that the at least one electric motor drives the front wheels via a differential and / or via a transmission.

It is preferred that the at least one electric motor, the front wheels z. B. drives without a cardan shaft and thus in particular without a cardan shaft.

The at least one electric motor can, for. B. be equipped with a gear and / or a differential and preferably together with the gear and / or the differential (z. B. spur gear differential) forms a structural unit. The structural unit can optionally also include power electronics.

The transmission can, for. B. comprise a planetary gear, an angular gear and / or a deflection gear.

The transmission can preferably be flanged to the at least one electric motor.

It is possible that the at least one electric motor is arranged (preferably essentially completely) in front of the front axle and / or the at least one electric motor (preferably essentially completely) is arranged behind the front axle.

The at least one electric motor can, for. B. include two electric wheel hub motors for the front wheels.

It is possible that the at least one electric motor drives the front wheels via at least one drive shaft.

The at least one drive shaft can, for. B. be equipped with a (especially integrated) length compensation structure.

The at least one drive shaft can, for. B. extend within an axle bridge of the front axle.

The length compensation construction enables, in particular, a degree of freedom of movement for the at least one drive shaft essentially parallel to the front axle and / or essentially in the transverse direction of the truck.

The length compensation construction can, for. B. be formed on the wheel side (in particular on the wheel hub side), the electric motor side and / or in the at least one drive shaft itself.

The length compensation construction enables z. B, to ensure a torque transmission of the at least one drive shaft during compression and rebound of the front axle.

It is z. B. possible to mount the at least one drive shaft immovable on the electric motor side and to place the length compensation structure on the wheel part side, in particular in the wheel part, or vice versa. An embodiment is therefore also conceivable in which the length compensation structure is placed on at least one electric motor.

It is possible that the front axle forms the foremost axle of the truck.

It is possible that the at least one electric motor comprises only a single electric motor for driving the front wheels or comprises two electric motors for driving the front wheels.

It is possible that the truck is a purely electrically driven truck and / or has at least one electrically driven rear axle.

It is possible that the installation is or at least includes a driver's cab. As an alternative or in addition, the installation can be or at least comprise a control unit and / or control pulpit of an autonomously drivable truck.

It should be mentioned that the front axle can preferably have an axle bridge and / or z. B. at least one drive shaft, which can preferably run in the axle bracket.

It should also be mentioned that in the context of the invention, the “front axle” includes the “rigid axle” embodiment and / or the “independent wheel suspension” embodiment.

It should also be mentioned that the front wheels (in particular their tires) can preferably have a diameter of less than or equal to 22.5 inches and / or the truck can be designed for a payload of less than or equal to 60 tons.

• 1 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Vorderachse eines Teils eines Lastkraftwagens gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, insbesondere mit Einzelradaufhängung und Elektromotoren parallel zur Längsrichtung des Lastkraftwagens,
• 2 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Vorderachse eines Teils eines Lastkraftwagens gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung, insbesondere mit Einzelradaufhängung und Elektromotoren parallel zur Vorderachse,
• 3 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Vorderachse eines Teils eines Lastkraftwagens gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung, insbesondere als Starrachsenausführung und Elektromotoren parallel zur Längsrichtung des Lastkraftwagens,
• 4 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Vorderachse eines Teils eines Lastkraftwagens gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung, insbesondere als Starrachsenausführung und Elektromotoren parallel zur Vorderachse,
• 5 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Vorderachse eines Teils eines Lastkraftwagens gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, insbesondere mit Einzelradaufhängung und nur einem Elektromotor ausgerichtet parallel zur Längsrichtung des Lastkraftwagens,
• 6 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Vorderachse eines Teils eines Lastkraftwagens gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung, insbesondere mit Einzelradaufhängung und nur einem Elektromotor ausgerichtet parallel zur Vorderachse,
• 7 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Vorderachse eines Teils eines Lastkraftwagens gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung, insbesondere als Starrachsenausführung und nur einem Elektromotor ausgerichtet parallel zur Längsrichtung des Lastkraftwagens, und
• 8 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Vorderachse eines Teils eines Lastkraftwagens gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung, insbesondere als Starrachsenausführung und nur einem Elektromotor ausgerichtet parallel zur Vorderachse, und
• 9 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Vorderachse für einen Lastkraftwagens gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, insbesondere mit Einzelradaufhängung und nur einem Elektromotor ausgerichtet parallel zur Vorderachse.

The preferred embodiments and features of the invention described above can expediently be combined with one another. Other advantageous developments of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims or result from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the attached figures.

• 1 shows a plan view of a front axle of a part of a truck according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular with independent wheel suspension and electric motors parallel to the longitudinal direction of the truck,
• 2 shows a plan view of a front axle of a part of a truck according to another embodiment of the invention, in particular with independent wheel suspension and electric motors parallel to the front axle,
• 3 shows a plan view of a front axle of a part of a truck according to a further embodiment of the invention, in particular as a rigid axle version and electric motors parallel to the longitudinal direction of the truck,
• 4th shows a plan view of a front axle of a part of a truck according to another embodiment of the invention, in particular as a rigid axle version and electric motors parallel to the front axle,
• 5 shows a plan view of a front axle of a part of a truck according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular with independent suspension and only one electric motor aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction of the truck,
• 6th shows a plan view of a front axle of a part of a truck according to another embodiment of the invention, in particular with independent suspension and only one electric motor aligned parallel to the front axle,
• 7th shows a plan view of a front axle of a part of a truck according to a further embodiment of the invention, in particular as a rigid axle version and only one electric motor aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction of the truck, and
• 8th shows a plan view of a front axle of a part of a truck according to another embodiment of the invention, in particular as a rigid axle version and only one electric motor aligned parallel to the front axle, and
• 9 shows a plan view of a front axle for a truck according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular with independent suspension and only one electric motor aligned parallel to the front axle.

The preferred embodiments of the invention described in the figures partially coincide, the same reference symbols being used for similar or identical parts and reference being made to the description of the other embodiments for their explanation.

1 shows a plan view of a front axle 1 part of a truck 100 according to one embodiment of the invention, in particular with independent suspension for the front wheels of the truck 100 . The truck 100 can e.g. B. be a tractor unit, a dump truck or a concrete mixer truck.

The truck 100 includes an in 1 installation shown schematically 10 to accommodate a vehicle driver in the form of a driver's cab 10 , a front axle 1 with steerable front wheels, not shown, and one or more rear axles, not shown.

The in 1 trucks shown 100 comprises a chassis in the form of a ladder frame, in particular, with longitudinal members and one or more transverse members, not shown, wherein the truck 100 and / or the cab 10 can also comprise a self-supporting body. Tubular tubular frame constructions are also possible as chassis.

The front axle 1 expediently forms the foremost axle of the truck 100 .

The truck 100 comprises at least one electric motor, preferably two electric motors 2 and 3 for electrically driving the front wheels via drive shafts 4th . The electric motors 2 , 3 are useful under the cab 10 arranged. An electric motor 2 is preferably substantially completely in front of the front axle 1 arranged and an electric motor 3 is preferably substantially completely behind the front axle 1 arranged.

The electric motors 2 , 3 are preferably on the front axle 1 mounted, e.g. B. order from the front axle 1 to be worn. It is possible that the electric motors 2 , 3 freely cantilevered on the front axle 1 are mounted.

Reference number L. indicates the longitudinal direction of the truck 100 , where reference numerals Q the transverse direction, in particular the width direction, of the truck 100 indicates. The longitudinal direction of the front axle 1 corresponds essentially to the transverse direction Q of the truck 100 .

In 1 are the electric motors 2 , 3 (in particular their drive axes) essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction L. of the truck 100 aligned.

2 shows a plan view of a front axle 1 part of a truck 100 according to another embodiment of the invention, in particular with independent suspension for the front wheels of the truck 100 .

A special feature is that the electric motors 2 , 3 (especially their drive axles) essentially parallel to the front axle 1 are aligned.

3 shows a plan view of a front axle 1 part of a truck 100 according to a further embodiment of the invention.

A special feature is that the front axle 1 is designed as a rigid axle and the electric motors 2 , 3 (in particular their drive axes) essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction L. of the truck 100 are aligned.

4th shows a plan view of a front axle 1 part of a truck 10 according to yet another embodiment of the invention.

The front axle 1 is designed as a rigid axle and the electric motors 2 , 3 (especially their drive axles) are essentially parallel to the front axle 1 of the truck 100 aligned.

the 5 until 9 relate to embodiments similar to those of 1 until 4th resemble, so the previous description of the 1 until 4th mutatis mutandis for the embodiments of the 5 until 9 is applicable.

A special feature of the embodiments of the 5 until 9 but is that only a single wheel motor 3 is provided for driving the steerable front wheels.

9 shows a plan view of a front axle 1 for a truck 100 according to one embodiment of the invention, in particular with independent suspension and only one electric motor 2 to drive the steerable front wheels.

The electric motor 2 is preferably essentially parallel to the front axle 1 aligned.

A special feature is that the drive shafts 4th of the electric motor 4th each with a length compensation construction 5 are equipped. The length compensation constructions 5 enable a degree of freedom of movement essentially parallel to the front axle 1 and / or essentially in the transverse direction Q of the truck 100 . The length compensation constructions 5 can expediently be on the wheel hub side as in 9 be shown formed, but also z. B. on the electric motor side and / or in the drive shaft 4th be trained yourself.

The referring to the 1 until 9 described electric motors 2 , 3 can expediently load-bearing on the front axle 1 be mounted. Alternatively or in addition, however, load-bearing assembly on a chassis of the truck is also possible 100 possible, e.g. B. to a self-supporting body, a space frame structure or a z. B. ladder frame-shaped chassis with longitudinal members and at least one cross member.

The at least one electric motor 2 , 3 can drive the front wheels preferably via a gearbox and alternatively or additionally a differential, in particular without a cardan shaft.

The at least one electric motor can also 2 , 3 each be equipped with a gear and / or a differential and together with the gear and / or the differential form an expediently compact structural unit.

In particular in the case of the embodiment with independent wheel suspension, the drive torque can be transmitted to the at least one electric motor via a 2 , 3 flanged gear.

The transmission can expediently be a planetary gear, especially if the electric motors 2 , 3 are designed as wheel hub motors.

The transmission can also, for. B. comprise an angular gear and / or a deflection gear, in particular if the at least one electric motor 2 , 3 essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction L. of the truck 100 is aligned. The drive torque can then be transmitted from the bevel gear or deflection gear to the front wheels, for example via drive shafts running in an axle bridge.

In particular in the embodiments in which the at least one electric motor 2 , 3 essentially parallel to the front axle 1 is aligned, the drive torque of the at least one electric motor 2 , 3 be transmitted via a spur gear differential, for example.

In an embodiment not shown, the truck 100 two electric motors designed as wheel hub motors 2 , 3 to drive the front wheels.

The truck 100 may have at least one electrically driven rear axle, the truck 100 can also be designed as a hybrid, e.g. B. with at least one internal combustion engine driven rear axle.

Preferably the truck is 100 but a purely electrically powered truck.

It should be mentioned that the installation 10 does not necessarily have to be a driver's cab to accommodate a vehicle driver, but also to control an autonomous driving mode of the truck 100 can serve so that the truck 100 an autonomously drivable truck 100 z. B. can optionally be without a cab. In this case the installation 10 z. B. a control unit or a control pulpit for controlling an autonomous driving operation of the truck 100 include.

The invention is not restricted to the preferred embodiments described above. Rather, a large number of variants and modifications are possible which also make use of the inventive concept and therefore fall within the scope of protection.

In addition, the invention also claims protection for the subject matter and the features of the subclaims regardless of the features and claims referred to.

List of reference symbols

1

Front axle, preferably foremost axle

2

Electric motor

3rd

Electric motor

4th

Drive shaft (s)

5

Length compensation construction

10

Installation, in particular to accommodate a vehicle driver and / or to control an autonomous driving mode of the truck

100

Trucks

L.

Longitudinal direction of the truck

Q

Transverse direction of the truck and / or longitudinal direction of the front axle

Claims (17)

Lorry (100), preferably tractor unit, dump truck or concrete mixer lorry, with: - an installation (10), the installation (10) being designed to accommodate a vehicle driver and / or to control an autonomous driving operation of the lorry (100) and - a front axle (1) with preferably steerable front wheels, characterized in that - the truck (100) comprises at least one electric motor (2, 3) for electrically driving the front wheels and the at least one electric motor (2, 3) below the installation (10) is arranged. Trucks (100) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one electric motor (2, 3) is mounted on the front axle (1), preferably to be carried by the front axle (1), in particular to be carried freely cantilevered. Trucks (100) after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the at least one electric motor (2, 3) is aligned essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction (L) of the truck (100). Truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one electric motor (2, 3) is aligned essentially parallel to the front axle (1). Truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front axle (1) is designed as a rigid axle or is designed with an independent wheel suspension for the front wheels. Truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the installation (10) and / or the truck (100) comprises a self-supporting body. Truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one electric motor (2, 3) is mounted on a self-supporting body, a tubular space frame construction or a longitudinal and / or cross member of a preferably ladder-shaped chassis, preferably to be supported thereby in particular to be carried freely cantilevered. Truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one electric motor (2, 3) drives the front wheels via a gearbox and / or a differential and / or drives them without a cardan shaft. Truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one electric motor (2, 3) is equipped with a gear and / or a differential and forms a structural unit together with the gear and / or the differential. Trucks (100) after Claim 8 or 9 , characterized in that the gear comprises a planetary gear, an angular gear and / or a deflection gear and is preferably flanged to the at least one electric motor (2, 3). Truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one electric motor (2) is arranged in front of the front axle (1) and / or at least one electric motor (3) is arranged behind the front axle (1). Truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one electric motor (2, 3) comprises two wheel hub motors for the front wheels. Truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one electric motor (2, 3) drives the front wheels via at least one drive shaft (4) and the at least one drive shaft (4) comprises a length compensation structure (5). Truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front axle (1) forms the foremost axle of the truck (100). Truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one electric motor (2, 3) comprises only a single electric motor for driving the front wheels or comprises two electric motors (2, 3) for driving the front wheels. Truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the truck (100) is a purely electrically driven truck and / or has at least one electrically driven rear axle. Truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the installation (10) - comprises a driver's cab or - comprises a control unit or control pulpit of an autonomous mobile truck (100).

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